Unit 3 Back to the past 二-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（译林版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第三册·译林版·Unit3 Backtothepast二 一、】 重点单词详解 1:exceptional 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：except(v.除外；prep.除…之外) 名词：exception /ik'sepfn/(n.例外；除外) 形容词：exceptional(由exception+-al构成) 副词：exceptionally /ik'sepfoneli/(adv.异常地；杰出地) 三、必记搭配与例句 be exceptional in（在…方面杰出)：Her performance was exceptional in the competition. exceptional ability/talent(杰出的能力/天赋)：He has exceptional talent in music.. exceptional circumstances(特殊情况)：In exceptional circumstances,.we may make an exception 四、重点辨析 exceptional vs..excellent:.exceptional强调”超出一般水平的，罕见的”，既可指褒义”杰 出，也可指贬义”异常”；excellent仅指”极好的，优秀的”，纯褒义。 五、拓展用法 It is exceptional for her to arrive late.(她很少迟到。) 2:adopt 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t采用，采取；表决采纳：领养，收养：ⅵ.领养，收养 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：adoption/a'dppn/(n.采用；领养) 名词：adopter/a'dppta()/(n.领养人；采用者) 形容词：adoptive /a'dpptrv/(adj.领养的，收养的) 三、必记搭配与例句 adopt a policy/measure(采取政策/措施)：The company decided to adopt a new marketing strategy adopt a child(领养f孩子)：They decided to adopt a child from the orphanage. adopt an idea/suggestion（采纳想法/建议)：The committee adopted his proposal. adopt sb.as.(收养某人为…)：They adopted him as their son. 四、重点辨析 adopt vs..adapt:adopt意为”采用；领养”；adapt意为”适应；改编”，常与to搭配(adapt to)。 五、 拓展用法 She was adopted when she was three..（她三岁时被领养。) 3:contrary 、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的；contrary to与…相反 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：contradiction/kontra3'drkn/(n.矛盾；反驳) 形容词：contradictory/,kontra'drktari/(adj山.矛盾的；对立的) 副词：contrarily /'kontreri/(adv.相反地；矛盾地) 三、必记搭配与例句 contrary to sth.(与某事相反)：Contrary to expectations,.the plan failed. on the contrary(恰恰相反，用于否定上文观点)：I'm not angry,on the contrary,I'm quite pleased. to the contrary(相反的，作后置定语或状语)：Unless you hear to the contrary,I'l meet you at seven. 四、重点辨析 contrary vs.opposite:contrary强调”观点、性质完全对立；opposite强调”位置、方向、 数量等相反”，如opposite directions(相反方向)。 五、拓展用法 Contrary to popular belief,,not all snakes are dangerous.(与普遍看法相反，并非所有蛇都 危险。) 4:violently 二、 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：av.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：violence /'varelans/,(n.暴力；猛烈) 形容词：violent/varelent/(adj.暴力的；猛烈的) 副词：violently(由violent+-y构成) 三、必记搭配与例句 shake violently(剧烈摇晃)：The earthquake made the building shake violently. argue violently(激烈争吵)：They argued violently about the decision, violently opposed to(强烈反对)：He is violently opposed to the new policy violently ill(病得很重)：She was violently ill after eating the seafood 四、拓展用法 The wind was blowing violently.(风猛烈地刮着。) He reacted violently to the news.（他对消息反应激烈。) 5:freeze 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：vi.&vt.(ioze,frozen)突然停止；呆住；结冰；冻僵 二、构词法（词性转换） 过去式：froze/frauz/ 过去分词：frozen/'freuzr/ 名词：freezing/fi:/(n.冰点；adj.极冷的) 名词：frost/frost/(n.霜；严寒) 三、必记搭配与例句 freeze to death(冻死)：They nearly froze to death in the snowstorm freeze up((机器)冻住；（人）僵住)：The engine froze up in the cold weather.. freeze sb.'s blood(使某人毛骨悚然)：The scream froze my blood be frozen with fear(因恐惧而呆住)：She was frozen with fear when she saw the snake 「四、重点辨析 freeze vs..frost:freeze是动词”结冰；冻僵；frost是名词”霜”或动词”结霜？”。 五、拓展用法 Vater freezes at0C.(水在0C结冰。) She froze when she saw the snake.（她看到蛇时僵住了。) 6:drag 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t拖，拉：缓慢而费力地移动 、二、构词法（词性转换） 过去式过去分词：dragged/hegd 名词：drag/dreg/(n.拖；累赘；阻力) 形容词：dragging/'draegu/(adj.拖沓的：缓慢的) 三、必记搭配与例句 drag sth.along/behind(拖着某物走)：He dragged the heavy bag behind him. drag oneself(拖着脚步走，勉强行动)：She dragged herself out of bed drag sb.into sth.(硬拉某人卷入某事)：Don't drag me into your argument. drag out(拖延，拉长)：The meeting dragged on for three hours. 四、重点辨析 drag vs.pull vs..daw:dag强调”费力拖重物；pull泛指拉”，可轻可重；daw强调” 平稳地拉”（如拉窗帘、弓）。 五、拓展用法 He dragged the heavy box across the floor..（他把重箱子拖过地板。) The meeting dragged on for three hours.(会议拖了三个小时。) 7:chaos 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.混乱，杂乱 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：chaotic /ker''ot/（adj.混乱的；无秩序的) 副词：chaotically /ker'Dtrkli/(ad.混乱地；无序地) 三、必记搭配与例句 in chaos(处于混乱状态)：The room was in chaos after the pa1ty. create chaos（制造混乱)：The sudden announcement created chaos in the market, total/complete chaos(彻底的混乱)：There was complete chaos after the earthquake. chaos theory(混沌理论，学术术语)：Chaos theory studies complex systems. 四、拓展用法 The room was in chaos after the party.（聚会后房间一片狼藉。) Chaotic conditions made rescue difficult.(混乱的状况使救援变得困难。) 8:reform 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n) 核心义：vt.改进，改良，改革；n.改革，改良 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词/名词：reform（重音不同：动词r'f6m/,名词/'i:f6m/) 名词：reformer /I'f6ma/(n.改革者；改良者) 形容词：reformed/I'fo:md/(adi.改革过的；改过自新的) 三、必记搭配与例句 reform the education system(改革教育体系)：The government plans to reform the education system cary out reforms(进行改革)：The company carried out major reforms. social/political/economic reform(社会/政治/经济改革)：Economic reform is necessary. reform oneself(改过自新)：He promised to reform himself, 四、重点辨析 eform vs.revolution:reform指渐进式改革；revolution指”彻底革命”。 五、拓展用法 The government plans to reform the tax system.(政府计划改革税收制度。) Reform is needed to improve the economy.(需要改革来改善经济。) 9:shift 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.改变，转移；轮班；i.&t.(使)移动，（使）转移；改变 二、构词法（词性转换） 过去式/过去分词：shifted/fiftd/ 名词：shifter/'frfta(r)/(n.改变者；换挡器) 形容词：shifting/ft/(（adj.不断变化的) 三、必记搭配与例句 shift sth.from.to.（把某物从…转移到…)：He shifted his attention from work to family. 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The team's_performance in the final match surprised everyone. A)exceptional B)excellent C)common D)usual 2.The government decided to_a new policy to protect the environment. A)adapt B)adopt C)adjust D)admit 3.to popular opinion,eating chocolate in moderation is not harmful A)Opposite B)Contrary C)Against D)Counter 4.The wind blew,causing many trees to fall down. A)violent B)violence C)violently D)violenty 5.Waterat 0C,which is a basic scientific fact. A)freezes B)froze C)frozen D)freezing 6.Hethe heavy suitcase up the stairs with great effort. A)pulled B)dragged C)drew D)pushed 7.After the earthquake,the city was in a state of A)chaos B)chaotic C)order D)systematic 8.The country has carried out major_in its economic system A)reform B)revolution C)change D)transformation 9.She her attention from the book to the noise outside. A)shifted B)moved C)turned D)switched 10.The meeting_on for hours,making everyone feel bored. A)dragged B)pulled C)drew D)delayed (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.Her(adopt)parents treated her as their own daughter. 2.The(contradict)between his words and actions made us confused. 3.The_(violent)of the storm destroyed many houses. 4.After the accident,the scene was_(chaos)with people running everywhere. 5.He is a_(reform)who has devoted his life to social changes. 6.The(freeze)weather made it difficult to go outside 7.She reacted_(exceptional)calmly to the bad news. 8.The(adopt)of new technology improved production efficiency. 9.The-(contrary)views of the two experts led to a heated debate. 10.The_(drag)process of solving the problem annoyed everyone involved. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The child showed etalent in music at a very young age. 2.Many families choose to achildren due to infertility issues 3.Cto what he said,he actually didn't finish the task on time. 4.The crowd reacted vwhen they heard the unfair decision. 5.If you leave water in the car overnight in winter,it will f. 6.The old man d his feet as he walked slowly along the street. 7.Without proper management,the project fell into c_. 8.The government plans to r the education system next year. 9.The company s its focus from traditional markets to online sales. 10.The meeting don for three hours because of endless discussions. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：ABBCABAAAA 2.补全句子答案： 1.adoptive 2.contradiction 3.violence 4.chaotic 5.reformer 6.freezing 7.exceptionally 8. adoption 9.contradictory 10.dragging 3.首字母填空答案： 1.exceptional 2.adopt 3.Contrary 4.violently 5.freeze 6.dragged 7.chaos 8.reform 9. shifted 10.dragged 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第三册·译林版·Unit3 Back to the past二