Unit 5 Into the unknown 一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（外研版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第四册·外研版·Unit5 Intotheunknown一 一、 重点单词详解 1:frustration 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：frustrate/fA'stet(vt.使沮丧；挫败，阻挠) 形容词：frustrating/frA'stet/(adj.令人沮丧的)；frustrated/fA'strertd/(adj.感到沮 丧的) 名词：frustration(由动词frustrate+-ion名词后缀构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词（frustrate) frustrate sb./sth.(使某人沮丧：挫败某事) be fiustrated in sth.(在某事上受挫) 形容词(frustrating/frustrated) a frustrating experience（令人沮丧的经历) feel frustrated(感到沮丧) 名词(frustration) express one's frustration(表达沮丧) out of frustration（出于沮丧) 四、重点辨析 frustrating vs.frustrated:-ing形式表示”令人…的”，修饰物或事；-ed形式表示”感到 …的”，修饰人。 2:supervision “、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.监督；管理 、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：supervise/'su:pavarz/(t.&vi.监督，管理) 名词：supervision（由动词supervise去e+-ion名词后缀构成)；supe1 visor/'su:pavarzs(t)/ (n.监督者，管理者) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(supervise) supervise sb./sth.(监督某人/某事) supervise the work(监督工作) 名词（supervision) under supervision(在监督下) close supervision(严密监督) 四、拓展用法 介词搭配：under the supervision of sb.(在某人的监督下) 3:expense 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.费用，花费 二、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：expensive /ik'spensrv/(adj.昂贵的) 名词：expense(本身为名词，其形容词expensive由expense+-ive形容词后缀构成) 三、 用法与常见搭配 名词(expense) at the expense of(以损害…为代价) cut down expenses(削减开支) living expenses(生活费用) spare no expense(不惜代价) 形容词(expensive) an expensive car(昂贵的汽车) 四、重点辨析 expense vs.cost:expense常指日常开销、花费，多用复数形式expenses;cost侧重指为 获得某物或达到某目的而付出的代价（金钱、时间、精力等），为不可数名词或可数名 词（指具体成本）。 4:intrigue 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v(因奇特或神秘而)激起…的兴趣，引起…的好奇心 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：intrigue/mti:g/(n.阴谋，密谋；神秘吸引力) 动词：intrigue(词性兼类，可作动词和名词) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(intrigue) intrigue sb.(激起某人的兴趣) be intrigued by(被…所吸引，对…感兴趣) 名词(intrigue) political intrigue(政治阴谋) 四、拓展用法 作动词时，常用被动语态be intrigued by/with sth.(对某事感兴趣) 5:dismiss 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.拒绝考虑，否定；解雇，开除 构词法（词性转换） 名词：dismissal /drs'msl/(n.解雇：拒绝考虑) 动词：dismiss(本身为动词，名词dismissal由dismiss+-al名词后缀构成) 三、 用法与常见搭配 动词(dismiss) dismiss sth.(拒绝考虑某事) dismiss sb.from his job(解雇某人) dismiss the idea(否定这个想法) 名词(dismissal) get dismissal（被解雇) 四、重点辨析 dismiss vs.fire:dismiss较为正式，指因某种原因正式解雇；fire口语化，指突然解雇。 6:thereby 一、 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.因此，由此 二、构词法（词性转换） 该词为合成副词，由there+by构成，here表示”那，其”，by表示通过”，合起来意 为”通过那（方式)，因此” 三、用法与常见搭配 thereby通常用于书面语，连接两个句子，前面句子说明原因或方式，后面句子说明结 果，且often与动名词连用，构成thereby doing sth.（从而做某事)结构。 例：He studied hard,thereby passing the exam.(他努力学习，因此通过了考试。) 四、拓展用法 置于句中或句末，起连接作用，相当于therefore,thus。 7:downfall 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.衰败，垮台 构词法（词性转换） 该词为合成名词，由dowm(向下)+fal1(落下)构成，字面意义”向下落”，引申为”衰 败，垮台” 三、用法与常见搭配 名词（downfall) the downfall of..(…的衰败/垮台) lead to one's downfall(导致某人的衰败) 四、拓展用法 常指国家、组织、个人等的衰败或垮台的过程或原因。 8:abandon 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.离弃，逃离；放弃，抛弃 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：abandonment/e'baendenment/(n.离弃，抛弃；放弃) 动词：abandon（本身为动词，名词abandonment由abandon+-ment名词后缀构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(abandon) abandon sb./sth.（离弃/抛弃某人/某物) abandon doing sth.(放弃做某事) abandon oneself to(沉溺于) 名词(abandonment) the abandonment of the project(项目的放弃) 四、重点辨析 abandon vs..desert:abandon强调完全、永远地放弃，可能是自愿或被迫；desert指违背 责任或义务而抛弃，尤指擅离职守。 9:dismiss 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V,拒绝考虑，否定；解雇，开除 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：dismissal/ds'mIsl/（n.解雇；拒绝考虑) 动词：dismiss（本身为动词，名词dismissal由dismiss+-al名词后缀构成) 之、 用法与常见搭配 动词(dismiss) dismiss sb.'s suggestion（拒绝考虑某人的建议) dismiss a case(撤销案件) be dismissed from school（被学校开除) 四、拓展用法 除”拒绝考虑”解雇”外，还有”解散（会议、队伍等）”的意思，如dismiss the meeting (解散会议)。 10:abuse “、 核心考点 词性：动词(v)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.滥用；虐待；辱骂；n.滥用；虐待；辱骂 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：abusive /e'bju:sIvl(adj.辱骂的；虐待的) 动词/名词：abuse(可作动词和名词，形容词abusive由abuse+-ive形容词后缀构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(abuse) abuse power(滥用权力) abuse sb.(虐待/辱骂某人) 名词(abuse) drug abuse（药物滥用) child abuse(虐待儿童) 四、重点辨析 abuse作动词和名词时读音相同，需根据语境判断词性；作？滥用”讲时，其后常接抽象 名词，如power,authority等。 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.It was really_to wait for hours in the rain without any shelter A)frustrating B)frustrated C)frustration D)frustrate 2.The project must be carried out the supervision of an experienced engineer. A)under B)with C)in D)by 3.We need to cut down on unnecessaryto save money for the trip. A)expense B)expenses C)expensive D)costing 4.The mysterious old house the children,so they decided to explore it. A)interested B)intrigued C)fascinated D)attracted 5.The manager decided to_the lazy employee from his position. A)fire B)dismiss C)quit D)resign 6.She studied day and night,passing the final exam with excellent grades. A)thereby B)therefore C)however D)otherwise 7.The king's greed and cruelty eventually led to his_. A)down B)fall C)downfall D)falling 8.The sailors had to_the sinking ship and swim to the nearby island. A)abandon B)desert C)leave D)quit 9.The company's_of the new policy caused a lot of complaints from employees A)dismiss B)dismissal C)dismissing D)dismissed 10.Drug_is a serious problem that affects many young people today. A)abuse B)abusive C)using D)misuse (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.The little boy felt(frustrate)when he couldn't solve the math problem. 2.The teacher asked us to finish the experiment under her_(supervise). 3.My parents always try to reduce living-(expense)to save for my education. 4.Many tourists are(intrigue)by the ancient history of this city. 5.His sudden_(dismiss)from the company surprised everyone. 6.She worked hard,_(thereby)winning the first prize in the competition. 7.The_(downfall)of the empire was caused by a series of wars. 8.The_(abandon)of the project made all the team members disappointed. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The team's repeated failures caused great f among the players. 2.All laboratory work must be done under strict s_. 3.The trip to Europe will be at the e of the company. 4.The novel's plot i me from the very first page. 5.The boss has the right to d any employee who breaks the rules. 6.He improved his communication skills,t making more friends 7.Poor management was the main reason for the company's d. 8.The crew had to a the burning plane before it crashed. 9.The company announced the d of three senior managers yesterday 10.The government is taking measures to prevent the aof power by officials. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AAB BB ACAB A 2.补全句子答案： 1.frustrated 2.supervision 3.expenses 4.intrigued 5.dismissal 6.thereby 7.downfall 8. abandonment 3.首字母填空答案： 1.frustration 2.supervision 3.expense 4.intrigued 5.dismiss 6.thereby 7.downfall 8.aban- don 9.dismissal 10.abuse 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第四册·Unit5 Into the unknown一