Unit 6 Disaster and hope 一-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册期末词汇复习（外研版）

期末词汇复习 必修第三册·外研版·Unit6Disasterandhope一 、 重点单词详解 1:occur 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v发生；出现；存在 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：occurrence月krns/(n.发生；事件) 形容词：occurring（adj.现存的；发生的，现在分词作定语) 三、必记搭配与例句 基本用法：不及物动词，不用于被动语态 表示”发生”：A car accident occurred yesterday 表示”存在/出现'：Similar problems occur in other fields. 常见搭配：occur to sb.(某人突然想到) It occurs to sb.that.(某人突然想到…) It occurred to me that I had left my keys at home. 四、重点辨析 occur/happen/take place occur: 正式用语，可指具体事件或抽象事物的”发生”，强调偶然性；也可指”存在于某 处”。 happen:口语化，强调偶然、意外发生，常用搭配sth.happens to sb.(某人遭遇某事)。 take place:指有计划、有安排的”发生，无被动语态。 2:forecast 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n) 核心义：v.预测，预报；n.预测，预报 二、构词法 词根：foe-(前缀，表提前)+cast(v.投掷；投射)→”提前投射（信息）”→预测 词性转换：同形词，可作动词或名词。 三、词汇变形（动词过去式/过去分词） forecast/forecasted(两种形式均可，forecast更常用) The weather was forecast/forecasted to be sunny. 四、必记搭配与例句 动词：forecast the weather(预报天气)；forecast sales(预测销量) 名词：weather forecast(天气预报)；economic forecast(经济预测) 介词搭配：according to the forecast(根据预测) 3:reliable 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.可信赖的；可靠的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：rely/'lar/(i.依赖；信赖) 名词：reliability舡，lare'brlati/(n.可靠性) 副词：1 eliably /I'larabli/(adv.可靠地) 三、必记搭配与例句 be reliable for(对…可靠) 例：This data is reliable for further analysis reliable source(可靠来源)；reliable information(可靠信息) 四、反义词 nreliable/,r'larabl/(adj.不可靠的) 4:emergency 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.紧急情况，不测事件 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：emerge'm3:d3(vi.出现；暴露) 形容词：emergent'm3:d3nt/(adj.紧急的；新兴的) 副词：emergently左'm3:d3ntli/(adv.紧急地) 、 必记搭配与例句 in an emergency(在紧急情况下) 例：Call1l0 in an eme1 gency emergency exit(紧急出口)；emergency response(应急响应) 动词搭配：handle an emergency(处理紧急情况) 5:rescue 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：V.营救，解救；n.营救，解救 、 构词法 词根：1e-（前缀，表”再次)+sc1e（来源不明，可能与”安全”相关)→”再次使安 全”→营救 词性转换：同形词，可作动词或名词。 三、必记搭配与例句 动词：rescue sb.fiom.（从…中营救某人) Firefighters rescued three people from the burning building. 名词：carry out a rescue(实施营救)；come to one's rescue(营救某人) 四、重点辨析 rescue/save rescue:强调”从危险、困境中紧急营救”，常与fom搭配。 save:含义更广，可指'挽救生命、节省时间/金钱”等，搭配save sb.from(使某人免于 …)或save sth.for(为…节省某物)。 6:exceptionally 核心考点 词性：副词(adv,) 核心义：adv.极其，非常；例外地 二、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：exceptional /ik'sepfanl/(adj.杰出的；异常的) 名词：exception /k'sepfn/(n.例外) 反义词：normally/no:mali/(adv.通常地) 三、必记搭配与例句 修饰形容词/副词：exceptionally difficult(极其困难)；exceptionally well(非常好) 例：She performed exceptionally well in the exam 四、用法注意 可用于肯定句或否定句，强调程度超过一般情况。 7:claim “、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.(战争、事故等)夺去（生命）；声称；索要；.声称；索赔；所有权 二、 词性转换 形容词：claimable/"klermabl/(adj.可要求的；可索赔的) 名词：claimer'klerme()/(n.索赔人；声称者) 三、必记搭配与例句 动词： claim lives(夺去生命)：The earthquake claimed thousands of lives claim to do sth.(声称做某事)：He claimed to have seen the accident, claim sth.back(索要▣某物)：You can claim your money back if the goods are faulty. 名词：make a claim（提出索赔)：false claim(虚假声称) 四、重点辨析 claim/declare/announce claim:强调”主观声称”，可能未被证实。 declare:正式宣布”，常指官方或权威机构的声明（如declare war宣战）。 announce: 公开”通知”，侧重让他人知晓（如announce a result公布结果）。 8:erupt 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v,) 核心义：ⅴ.（火山）爆发，喷发；（冲突、疾病等）突然发生 、构词法 词根：e-（前缀，表”向外)+upt(词根，表”断裂”)→”向外断裂”→爆发 词性转换： 名词：eruption'rAp/(n.爆发；喷发) The eruption of the volcano caused widespread damage. 三、必记搭配与例句 erupt into..(突然爆发为…) 例：The crowd erupted into cheers. erupt from.…（从…中喷发) 例：Lava erupted from the volcano. 四、拓展含义 除”火山喷发”外，还可指”（冲突、暴力、疾病等）突然发生”，如：Fighting erupted between the two groups. 9:grab 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.攫取，抓住；抢占：n.抓；抢夺 二、词汇变形（动词过去式/过去分词） grabbed;grabbing 例：He grabbed my arm and pulled me back. 三、必记搭配与例句 grab at...(试图抓住…) 例：She grabbed at the rope but missed grab sth..from sb.(从某人手中夺走某物) grab a chance/opportunity（抓住机会) 口语搭配：grab a bite（快速吃点东西) 四、重点辨析 grab/seize/catch grab:强调”突然、粗暴地抓取”，可能带有抢夺意味。 seize:正式用语，指”用力抓住、夺取，常与权力、机会搭配(seize power夺权)。 catch:侧重接住、捕获”，如catch 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.A terrible earthquake in the small village last night,causing heavy losses. A)occurred B)happened C)took place D)was occurred 2.According to the weather,it will rain heavily tomorrow. A)forecast B)prediction C)announcement D)statement 3.You can always rely on her because she is a_friend. A)reliant B)reliable C)relying D)unreliabe 4.In case of_,please dial 120 immediately. A)emergency B)emergence C)emergent D)emergentl山y 5.The firefighters managed to_three children from the burning house A)save B)rescue C)help D)free 6.The performance was_good,attracting thousands of audience A)exception B)exceptional C)exceptionally D)except 7.The companythat their new product can help people lose weight quickly A)claims B)declares C)announces D)tells 8.After years of silence,the volcano suddenly last month. A)erupted B)burst C)exploded D)broke 9.Hethe opportunity to study abroad and finally succeeded. A)caught B)seized C)grabbed D)held 10.It never to me that she would betray my trust. A)happened B)occurred C)appeared D)seemed (二)根据提示补全句子(6题) 1.The_(occur)of the accident was caused by drunk driving 2.The weather was_(forecast)to be snowy next week 3.The(reliable)of the data has been confirmed by experts. 4.We need to improve our_(emergency)response system. 5.After the(erupt)of the volcano,many villagers were forced to leave. 6.She(grab)her bag and rushed out of the room. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.It suddenly o_to me that I had forgotten to lock the door. 2.The economic f suggests that the GDP will grow by 5%this year. 3.A rsource of information is crucial for academic research. 4.You should keep a first-aid kit in your car for esituations. 5.The soldiers risked their lives to r the hostages. 6.The movie was epopular,winning several international awards. 7.The company's c about the product's safety was later proven false. 8.The crowd e into cheers when the team scored the winning goal. 9.He g the last ticket before it was sold out. 10.The doctor said the disease might eagain if not treated properly. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A ABAB CAAC B 解析1（第1题）： 考查occr的用法。occr为不及物动词，不用于被动语态，表示”发生”，符合句意”昨 晚小村庄发生了一场可怕的地震，造成了严重损失；happen和take place也表示”发 生”，但occr更正式；was occurred语法错误，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查forecast的固定搭配。weather forecast表示”天气预报”，符合句意？根据天气预报， 明天会下大雨’；prediction强调”预测”，announcement强调”公告”，statement强调”声 明”，均不符合语境，故选A。 解析3（第5题）： 考查rescue的用法。1 escue sb.fiom.表示从…中营救某人”，强调从危险中紧急营 救，符合句意”消防员成功从燃烧的房子中救出了三个孩子”；save含义更广，但rescue 更符合紧急营救的语境，故选B。 2.补全句子答案： 1.occurrence 2.forecast/forecasted 3.reliability 4.emergency 5.eruption 6.grabbed 3.首字母填空答案： 1.occurred 2.forecast 3.reliable 4.emergency 5.rescue 6.exceptionally 7.claim 8.erupted 9.grabbed 10.erupt 英语词汇复习手册·必修第三册·Unit6 Disaster and hope一