Unit 3 The world of science 二-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册期末词汇复习（外研版）

期末词汇复习 必修第三册·外研版·Unit3 Theworldofscience.二 一、 重点单词详解 1:injure 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v,) 核心义：v.使受伤，弄伤 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：jr(=ht,伤害)，前缀im-加强意义 形容词：injured(受伤的，be injured in..在…中受伤) 名词：injy(n.伤害，损伤；复数injuries) He injured his leg in the accident.->He suffered a serious injury to his leg 三、用法与常见搭配 及物动词，直接接宾语：injure sb.lsth.(伤害某人/某物) 常见搭配：seriously injured(严重受伤)；injure one's pride(伤害某人的自尊心) 辨析：injure/,wound/hrt -injure:意外事故导致的身体伤害或情感伤害 -wound:利器或武器造成的伤口（尤指战斗、暴力事件中） -ht:可指身体疼痛或情感伤害（不及物时表疼痛”） 2:accurate 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.精确的；准确的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：accr(=care,关心)+-ate（形容词后缀) 副词：accurately(精确地；准确地) 名词：accuracy(n.准确性；精确性) She described the event accurately.>We need to check the accuracy of the data 三、用法与常见搭配 be accurate in sth.(在某方面精确) accurate measurement(精确测量) 辨析：accurate/precise -accurate:强调与事实或标准一致(”准确) -precise:强调细节精确，误差极小(”精密) 例：The clock is accurate to the second.(时间准确)；a precise instrument(精密仪器) 3:origin 一、核心考点 词性：名词(.) 核心义：n.起源；起因：出身 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：oig(=begin,开始)+-im（名词后缀) 形容词：original(adj.最初的；原创的；n.原件) 副词：originally（最初；起初) 动词：originate(vi.起源于；t.创造) The custom originated in the 19th century.>This is the original painting. 三、 用法与常见搭配 of.origin(…的起源； …出身) origin of life(生命起源) originate from/in(起源于…) 常见短语：original idea（原创想法)；original sin（原罪) 4:extraordinary 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.非凡的：出色的；意想不到的 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：extra-(超出)+ordinary(普通的) 副词：extraordinarily（极其；非凡地) She has an extraordinary memory.->He performed extraordinarily well in the exam 三、用法与常见搭配 extraordinary ability(非凡能力) extraordinary event(突发事件) 辨析：extraordinary/unusual extraordinary:程度远超寻常，强调”卓越'或”离奇 -unusual:不常见，但程度较弱(”不寻常的) 5:brilliant 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的；明亮的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：bril(=shine,发光)+-iant(形容词后缀) 副词：brilliantly(辉煌地；出色地》 例：She is a brilliant scientist..→The sun shone brilliantly 三、用法与常见搭配 brilliant mind(聪颖的头脑) brilliant success(辉煌的成功) 固定搭配：be brilliant at sth.(擅长某事) 例：He is brilliant at solving math problems.. 6:theory 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.学说：理论：原理 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：theor(view,看法)+-y(名词后缀) 形容词：theoretical(adj.理论上的) 副词：heoretically（理论上) 例：Darwin's theory of evolution→theoretical physics(理论物理) 三、用法与常见搭配 in theory(理论上) develop a theory(提出理论) theory and practice(理论与实践) 辨析：theory/hypothesis -heoy:经过验证的”学说/理论” -hypothesis:未验证的假设， 7:mental 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.精神的；智力的；心理的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：ment(mind,思想)+-al(形容词后缀) 副词：mentally(精神上；智力上) 名词：mentality(n.心态；思维方式) 例：mental health(心理健康)→mentally disabled（智力残疾的) 三、用法与常见搭配 mental illness(精神病) mental state(精神状态) mental arithmetic（心算) 反义词：physical(身体的) We should care about both mental and physical health. 8:cure 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.治疗；治愈；n.疗法；对策 、二、构词法（词性转换） 动词/名词同形：cre 形容词：curable(可治愈的)：incurable(不可治愈的) This medicine can cure the disease.There is no cure for the common cold. 三、用法与常见搭配 动词：cure sb.of sth.（治愈某人的…病) 例：The doctor cured her of cancer. 名词：a cure for sth.(…的疗法) 辨析：cure/ueat cure: 强调”治愈”（结果) -teat:强调”治疗”（过程） The doctor treated her,but failed to cure her. 9:species 、 核心考点 词性：名词(.) 核心义：n.物种；种类（单复数同形） 二、构词法（特殊用法） 希腊语词根，单复数同形（不可加-s) 例：This species is endangered.(单)；Many species have disappeared.(复) 三、用法与常见搭配 endangered species(濒危物种) species diversity(物种多样性) a species of(一种…) 例：a species of bird(一种鸟) 10:minor 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)、名词(n.) 核心义：adj.小的；次要的；n.未成年人；辅修科目 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：min(=small,小)+-or（形容词/名词后缀) 反义词：major(ad山.主要的；n.主修科目) 动词：minor in（铺修…) 例：a minor mistake(小错误)→She minors in French 三、用法与常见搭配 minor injury（轻伤) play a minor role(扮演次要角色) 辨析：minor/inferior -minor::强调”程度或重要性小” -inferior:强调”质量或地位低”（贬义） 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The hiker was seriously when he fell off the cliff. A)injured B)wounded C)hurt D)harmed 2.To ensure the experiment is valid,the data must be recorded. A)precise B)accurate C)exact D)correct 3.The_of this ancient tradition can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. A)origin B)original C)originate D)originally 4.Her_performance in the competition surprised everyone present. A)unusual B)extraordinary C)common D)ordinary 5.Einstein was aphysicist whose theories changed the world. A)bright B)clever C)brilliant D)smart 6.Darwin's_of evolution is widely accepted in the scientific community. A)hypothesis B)theory C)idea D)guess 7.Regular exercise is important for both physical and health. A)mental B)mind C)mentality D)mentally 8.The new drug has been proven topatients of certain types of cancer. A)treat B)cure C)heal D)recover 9.This rare bird is classified as an endangered_ A)species B)kind C)type D)category 10.Though she played a role in the film,her acting left a deep impression. A)minor B)small C)inferior D)secondary (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.The witness described the accident(accurate)to the police 2.The(origin)plan was to hold the meeting outdoors,but it rained 3.This novel is so popular that it has been translated into(variety)languages 4.He was praised for his(brilliant)solution to the technical problem 5.(theory)knowledge alone is not enough;practice is equally important. 6.The patient's_(recover)from surgery took longer than expected. 7.It is important to maintain a healthy(mentality)during difficult times. 8.The team is trying to find a(cure)for the new virus (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The doctor said the patient's iwas not life-threatening but required careful treatment. 2.Aweather forecasting helps farmers plan their planting schedules 3.The o_of the custom is still a mystery to historians. 4.Her e talent in music made her a child prodigy. 5.The scientist spent years developing a new t to explain climate change 6.Marithmetic is an essential skill for students learning mathematics. 7.There is currently no known c for this rare genetic disease. 8.This s_of butterfly is only found in the tropical rainforests of South America 9.He played a mpart in the project,but his contribution was still valuable. 10.The artist's opaintings sell for millions of dollars at auctions. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AB A B CB A BA A 解析1（第1题）： 考查injure的用法。injure表示意外事故导致的身体伤害，符合句意”徒步旅行者从悬 崖上摔下来时严重受伤？'；wond指利器或武器造成的伤口，hut可指身体疼痛或情感 伤害，ham指造成伤害或损害，均不符合语境，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查accurate的用法。accurate强调与事实或标准一致，符合句意”为确保实验有效，数 据必须准确记录”；precise强调细节精确，exact强调完全符合，correct强调正确，均不 符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第6题）： 考查theory的用法。heoy表示经过验证的学说或理论，符合句意”达尔文的进化论在 科学界被广泛接受”；hypothesis表示未验证的假设，idea表示想法，guess表示猜测，均 不符合语境，故选B。 2.补全句子答案： 1.accurately 2.original 3.various 4.brilliant 5.Theoretical 6.recovery 7.mentality 8.cure 3.首字母填空答案： 1.injury 2.Accurate 3.origin 4.extraordinary 5.theory 6.Mental 7.cure 8.species 9.mi- nor 10.original 英语词汇复习手册·必修第三册·Unit3 The world of science二