内容正文:
期末词汇复习
必修第三册·外研版·Unit3 Theworldofscience-一
一、
重点单词详解
1:virtual
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.虚拟的;模拟的;实质上的
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:vtue(n.美德;优点)
副词:virtually /'v3:tfuali/(adv.几乎;实际上)
三、用法与常见搭配
virtual reality虚拟现实(固定短语)
virtual world虚拟世界
virtual meeting线上会议
virtually impossible几乎不可能
virtually identical实质上完全相同
四、重点辨析
virtual vs..actual:virtual强调”模拟真实的”或”本质上的?(如virtual reality并非真实世
界):actual强调客观存在的真实?(actual events真实事件)。
2:flexible
一、
核心考点
词性:形容词(adi.)
核心义:adj.易弯曲的;柔韧的;灵活的
、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:flex(v.弯曲;伸展)
名词:flexibility/,flekse'blati/(n.灵活性;柔韧性)
副词:flexibly/'fleksabli/(adv.灵活地)
三、用法与常见搭配
flexible material柔韧材料
flexible schedule灵活的日程
be flexible about sth.对某事灵活处理
the flexibility of the plan计划的灵活性
gain flexibility增加灵活性
四、重点辨析
flexible vs.elastic:flexible侧重”可调整的灵活?(如flexible working hours);elastic侧
重”物理弹性”(如elastic band橡皮筋)。
3:capable
一、
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj)
核心义:adj.有能力的;能够的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:cap(n.帽子;能力)
名词:capability/,kerpa'brlati/(n.能力;才能)
反义词:incapable/m'kerpabl/(adj.无能力的)
三、用法与常见搭配
be capable of sth./doing sth.能够做某事(强调潜在能力)
a capable student有能力的学生
develop one's capabilities培养能力
technical capability技术能力
四、重点辨析
capable vs.able:capable后接of doing(be capable of solving);able后接todo(be able to
solve);capable可指”有某种倾向”(capable of violence有暴力倾向),able无此用法。
4:passive
、
核心考点
词性:形容词(ad山j.)
核心义:adj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的
二、构词法(词性转换)
名词:passivity/pae'srvati/(n.被动性;消极态度)
副词:passively'paesrvli/(adv.被动地)
反义词:active/ektv/(adj.主动的)
三、用法与常见搭配
passive voice被动语态(语法术语)
passive attitude消极态度
be passive in sth.在某事中被动
break free from passivity摆脱消极
四、语法链接
被动语态构成:be+done(如The work was done by him.)
5:significant
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.重要的;显著的;有意义的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:sign(n.符号;迹象)
动词:signify/'sIgnifar/(v.表示;意味着)
名词:significance/sIg'nifikans/(n.重要性;意义)
副词:significantly/s虹g'nrfikantli/(adv.显著地)
三、用法与常见搭配
significant change显著变化
significant impact重要影响
be significant to sb.对某人有意义
the significance of education教育的重要性
attach significance to sth.重视某事
四、重点辨析
significant vs..important:significant强调”影响深远或数据上显著”(significant increase
显著增长);important侧重”价值重要?(important decision重要决定)。
6:addition
二、
核心考点
词性:名词(.)
核心义:n.增加;加法;此外
二、构词法(词性转换)
动词:add/ed/(v.增加;添加)
形容词:additional/danl(adj.额外的;附加的)
副词:additionally/e'dIfeneli/(adv.此外;另外)
三、
用法与常见搭配
in addition此外(单独使用,后接逗号)》
in addition to sth./doing sth.除…之外(后接名词或动名词)
addition to sth.某物的新增部分
add A to B把A加到B里
add up to总计达
add that..补充说…
additional cost额外成本
additional information附加信息
7:beyond
一、核心考点
词性:介词(prep.)
核心义:prep.超出;除…之外;adv在更远处
、
用法与常见搭配
beyond one's control超出某人控制
beyond doubt毫无疑问
beyond description难以描述
beyond compare无与伦比
look beyond向远处看
三、句式结构
It is beyond sb.to do sth.某人无法做某事(It is beyond me to understand this theory.)
8:instance
、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.例子;实例
二、构词法(词性转换)
动词:instantiate/mn'staenfiert//(v.举例说明;实例化)
形容词:instant/'nstant/(adj.立即的;紧急的)
三、用法与常见搭配
for instance例如(-for example,后接逗号)
in this instance在这种情况下
an instance of sth.某事的一个例子
四、重点辨析
instance vs.example:for instance可置于句首、句中或句末;example还可用于set an
example树立榜样,instance无此用法。
9:shoot
“、核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:v.射出(光线等);射击;发芽;n.幼苗;射击
二、构词法(词性转换)
过去式/过去分词:shot/fot/(英)、at/(美)
现在分词:shooting∫m:t恤/(n.射击;枪击事件)
名词:shot/fot/(n.射击;尝试)
、三、用法与常见搭配
shoot at sb./sth.朝…射击(不一定击中)
hoot sth.射中某物(直接接宾语)
shoot out射出(光线、火焰等)
shoot up迅速增长(价格、数量)
shoot for sth.力争达到(目标)
a shot at sth.尝试做某事
a good shot神枪手;好球
四、熟词僻义
shoot还可表示”拍摄(电影/照片)”(shoot a movie拍电影)或”发芽”(The seeds began
to shoot.)
10:compute
一、核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:v.计算;估算
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:com-(共同)+pute(思考)
名词:computer/kam'pju:te(r)/(n.计算机)
名词:computation/,kompju'te虹/(n.计算)
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.With the development of technology,many people now attend meetings instead of in-
person ones.
A)actual
B)virtual
C)passive
D)flexible
2.The company offersworking hours to help employees balance work and life
A)elastic
B)flexible
C)capable
D)significant
3.She is of solving complex mathematical problems within a short time.
A)able
B)capable
C)passive
D)beyond
4.Students should avoid a learning attitude and actively participate in class discussions
A)passive
B)flexible
C)virtual
D)capable
5.The new policy has had a impact on reducing environmental pollution.
A)passive
B)additional
C)significant
D)instant
6.English,he also studies French and Spanish in his free time.
A)In addition to
B)Beyond
C)For instance
D)In instance
7.The beauty of the sunset over the sea is-description.
A)beyond
B)within
C)under
D)above
8.Many animals,_,pandas,are facing the threat of habitat loss.
A)for instance
B)in addition
C)beyond doubt
D)in this instance
9.The hunter aimed at the deer and but missed it.
A)shot
B)shoot
C)shooting
D)shoots
10.It is difficult to the exact cost of the project without detailed data.
A)compute
B)instance
C)shoot
D)signify
(二)根据提示补全句子(8题)
1.The team showed great(flexible)in adjusting their strategy during the game.
2.She has the(capable)to lead the project to success.
3.His(passive)in the negotiation made it hard to reach an agreement
4.The invention of the Internet has(significant)changed people's daily life
5.(addition),we need to prepare extra materials for the experiment.
6.The machine is_(capable)of processing 500 orders per hour.
7.The(flexible)of the new policy allows employees to work from home.
8.You need to manage your time(flexible)to finish all tasks on time.
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.VR technology creates a venvironment that feels almost real.
2.A good manager should be f about working hours to meet employees'needs.
3.This software is cof analyzing large amounts of data efficiently.
4.Taking a p role in group work will not help you improve your skills
5.The discovery of new energy sources is of great s-to human development.
6.In a to reading,he also enjoys playing musical instruments
7.The task is b my ability,so I need to ask for help.
8.Many birds,for i migrate south in winter to find food.
9.The police officer ordered the suspect to drop the gun,but he sat them instead.
10.It took the engineer two hours to cthe total cost of the construction.
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:BB B ACAAAAA
解析1(第1题):
考查virtual的用法。virtual表示”虚拟的”,符合句意随着科技发展,很多人现在参加
虚拟会议而不是面对面会议”;actual表示”实际的”,passive表示”被动的”,flexible表
示”灵活的”,均不符合语境,故选B。
解析2(第2题):
考查f1 lexible的用法。1 exible表示”灵活的,符合句意”公司提供灵活的工作时间帮助
员工平衡工作与生活”;elastic表示”有弹性的”,ca即able表示”有能力的,significant
表示”重要的”,均不符合语境,故选B。
解析3(第3题):
考查capable的用法。be capable of doing sth.表示”能够做某事”,符合句意”她能够在
短时间内解决复杂的数学问题”;able后接todo,passive表示”被动的,beyond表示”
超出”,均不符合语法或语境,故选B。
2.补全句子答案
1.flexibility 2.capability 3.passivity 4.significantly 5.Additionally 6.capable 7.flexibility
8.flexibly
3.首字母填空答案:
1.virtual 2.flexible 3.capable 4.passive 5.significance 6.addition 7.beyond 8.instance 9
shot 10.compute
英语词汇复习手册·必修第三册·Unit3 The world of science一