第04讲 语法填空提升讲解（寒假复习讲义）高二英语人教版

第04讲 语法填空提升讲解 精讲语法填空提升 一、题型特点与要求 语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的语言知识与技能，其命题原则是“突出语篇，强调运用”，旨在通过完整、真实、综合的语境考查考生活学活用语言知识的能力。在解题时，要强化语篇的整体意识：首先要通读语篇，在理解语篇大意、把握时态的基础上，再逐空解题，否则就会犯“只见树木，不见森林”的方向性错误。 1. 掌握语法知识在语篇中的运用能力 2. 熟悉动词相关语法项目 3. 熟练掌握词性转换及虚词的使用 二、知识要点讲解 （一）时态和语态 考点一谓语动词 谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，主要包括实义动词和动词短语。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句，则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致。 一、确定是否谓语动词 确定谓语动词两步骤 第一步：确定谓语动词 分析句子结构来判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句。若是简单句，主语后面的就是谓语动词；若是并列句，前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词；若是复合句，主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。 第二步：确定谓语动词的形式 1．根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； 2．根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系确定语态； 3．根据主语的单复数确定谓语动词的形式，做到主谓一致。 二、如何判断谓语动词的时态 方法(一)　寻找时间状语 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 1．看到often, seldom, occasionally, usually, always, every time, sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 2．看到previously, yesterday, last year, in 2022, the other day, two days ago, 一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。 3．看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 4．看到at this moment, at present, now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。 5．看到since, recently, lately, already, in (over, during) the last/past few years, so far/up to now, for＋时间段， ever since等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 6．看到by then, by the end of等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。 方法(二)　依据平行关系 1．可根据并列连词and, but, or, rather than, neither ...nor ..., either ...or, not only ...but also ...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 2．同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语的时态要一致。 方法(三)　利用固定句式 常见的固定句式 1．was/were doing ...when＋一般过去时 2．was/were about to do ...when＋一般过去时 3．it is the＋序数词＋time＋that＋现在完成时 4．it was the＋序数词＋time＋that＋过去完成时 5．No sooner had＋主语＋done ...than＋一般过去时 6．Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done ...when＋一般过去时 7．It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时 8．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 9．It's (high) time that ...did/should do sth.(should不能省略) 方法(四)　借助语境暗示 空处作谓语，在没有标志性的时间状语且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境，即通过题干或上下中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。 三、如何判断谓语动词的语态 1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 2．被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词，情态动词＋be done。 3．做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。 4．常考的被动语态有： 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词 一般将来时 will be＋过去分词 现在完成时 has/have been＋过去分词 过去完成时 had been＋过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋过去分词 四、如何判断谓语动词的单复数 方法(一)　利用语法一致原则 主语 谓语 不可数名词、可数名词单数、动名词(短语)或动词不定式、主语从句，the number of＋可数名词复数 单数 可数名词复数，and连接的两个名词表示两者以上，a number of＋可数名词复数 复数 方法(二)　利用意义一致原则 主语 谓语 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念 单数 强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现 单数 方法(三)　利用就近一致原则 主语 谓语 neither ...nor ..., either ...or ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...but ...等连接的主语 与邻近主语一致 “here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致 考点二：非谓语动词 非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能作谓语的动词，它没有人称和数的变化，主要包括不定式、现在分词(动词-ing)和过去分词。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 一、如何确定是否作非谓语 确定非谓语动词两步骤 第一步：确定是否为非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式 1．提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式； 2．提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式。 二、如何确定填何种非谓语形式 方法(一)　成分分析法 非谓语动词的“意义区别” 1．作主语、宾语或表语 (1)动词-ing：抽象性、经常性动作；已知的事或经验。 (2)不定式：具体性、一次性动作；未完的事或目的。2.作表语 (1)动词-ing：多表示主语的特征。 (2)过去分词：主要是表示主语的状态。 3．作定语 (1)动词-ing：正在发生、主动的动作。 (2)过去分词：已经完成、被动的动作。 (3)动词不定式：一般式表示未发生或经常性的动作；完成式表示已发生的动作。 4．作状语 (1)动词-ing：与主语是主谓关系，一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生；完成式表示先于谓语动作发生。 (2)过去分词：与主语是动宾关系，先于谓语动作发生。 (3)动词不定式：主动式表示与主语是主谓关系；被动式表示与主语是动宾关系。一般式表示在谓语动作后发生；完成式表示在谓语动作前发生。 5.作补语 1动词-ing：主动、进行的动作。 2过去分词：被动、完成的动作。 3动词不定式：将来的动作。 方法(二)　 线索暗示法 1．看到介词或带介词的固定搭配要想到用动词-ing形式作宾语。 2．看到介词but/except要想到后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省略to。如We had no choice but to obey./He wouldn't talk about work, except to say that he was busy./What can we do but sit and wait? 3．看到并列连词and, but, or，要想到其前后的非谓语动词应保持一致。 方法(三)　 逻辑关系法 1．找逻辑主语 (1)作定语时，所修饰的中心词是逻辑主语； (2)作状语时，句子的主语是逻辑主语； (3)作补足语时，句子的宾语是逻辑主语。 2．判断逻辑关系 (1)逻辑主语和不定式之间为主动关系时，用动词不定式的主动形式；逻辑主语和不定式之间为被动关系时，用动词不定式的被动形式。 (2)逻辑主语和分词之间为主动关系时，用动词-ing；逻辑主语和分词之间为被动关系时，用过去分词。 方法(四)　固定搭配法 1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语 (1)决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend (2)主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help 2．下列动词(短语)只能用动词-ing作宾语 (1)考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (2)避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate (3)禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡 forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape 3．其后接动词-ing或不定式作宾语(意义不同)的动词：remember, regret, need, try, mean等。 4．其后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell，order，allow，permit，enable，persuade，force，warn，encourage，inspire, expect等。 5．其他常用搭配 (1)spend time doing sth. (2)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. (3)have a good time (in) doing sth. (4)waste ...(in) doing sth. (5)It is/was＋形容词(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. (6)It is no use/good doing sth. (7)It takes sb.some time to do sth. (8)It's worthwhile to do/doing sth. 考点三 并列连词与主从复合句 无提示词类是语法填空考查的重点之一，尤其对于连词和三大从句的考查更是一个难点。此类题目要求考生能够准确分析句子结构，弄清空处上下文之间的逻辑关系，确定空处在句中所作成分。因此，考生需要较强的综合分析能力。鉴于此，本讲将重点阐释连词和三大从句的解题要领，以期帮助考生提高做题的准确率。 一、并列连词 方法(一)　关系分析法 分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。 1．表示并列或递进关系的连词有and, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ...等； 2．表示选择关系的连词有or, either ...or ..., whether ...or ..., neither ...nor ...等； 3．表示转折或对比关系的连词有but/yet, while, not ...but ...等； 4．表示因果关系的连词有because, so, for等； 5．表示让步关系的连词有although，though和while等。 方法(二)　固定句型法 1．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 2．be doing sth.when ...　正在做某事，这时…… had just done sth. when ... 刚做完某事，这时…… be about to do sth.when ... 正要做某事，这时…… be on the point of doing sth. when ... 正要做某事，这时…… hardly ...when ... 一……就…… 二、定语从句关系词 4步法确定定语从句关系词 第一步：确定是定语从句 分析句子结构，设空处无提示词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句的关系词。 第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。 (1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句； (2)which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容； (3)as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。 第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点，还是原因) (1)先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导； (2)先行词指物用that/which/whose引导； (3)表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。 第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词 (1)缺少主语用that/which/who； (2)缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom； (3)缺少介词的宾语用whom/which； (4)缺少定语用whose； (5)缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when、 where、 why。 三、名词性从句 “名词性从句”语法填空的4个思考方向 方向1：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整 分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。 方向2：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整 分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导名词性从句，if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。 方向3：从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语 分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what、 who、 whom、 which、 whatever等。 方向4：从句中缺少状语 分析句子结构并结合句意判断，从句中缺少状语，考虑用连接副词where (表示地点)、 when (表示时间)、 how (表示方式)、 why (表示原因)等。 四、状语从句连接词 方法(一)　句意法 1．根据句意确定是什么状语从句，进而确定连接词。 2．常见的状语从句的连接词有： (1)时间状语从句while/when/as/since/before/after/until (2)条件状语从句if/unless/once (3)让步状语从句though/although/while/as (4)地点状语从句where (5)原因状语从句because/since/as 方法(二)　固定句式法 根据固定句式来确定连接词，常见的固定句式有： 1.so/such ...that ... 2.not ...until ... 3.It will/won't be＋ ...＋before ... 4.It was＋ ...＋before ... 5.It is some time＋since ... 6.whether ...or not ... 7.no sooner ...than ... 8.hardly ...when ... 四、词性转换 这要求考生熟悉各种词性的基本构成和用法。 例如，形容词变副词一般是在形容词词尾加 -ly，但也有一些特殊情况，如 “true - truly”“happy - happily”。 当句子中需要修饰动词、形容词或其他副词时，要用副词。如：“He runs quickly.（他跑得很快）”，“quickly” 修饰动词 “runs”。 名词和动词之间也可以相互转换。例如，“develop（动词，发展）” 可以转换为 “development（名词，发展）”。在句子 “The development of science and technology has changed our lives.（科技的发展改变了我们的生活）” 中，就需要用名词形式。 五、冠词、介词和代词 （1）冠词： 冠词分为不定冠词（a/an）和定冠词（the）。不定冠词表示泛指，“a” 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，“an” 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。例如：“a book（一本书）”，“an apple（一个苹果）”。定冠词 “the” 表示特指，或者用于上文已经提到过的事物、独一无二的事物等。如：“The sun is shining brightly.（太阳正明亮地照耀着）”。 （2）介词： 有很多固定搭配。例如，“in + 年 / 月 / 季节”（in 2024, in December, in winter），“on + 具体日期 / 星期几”（on December 19th, on Thursday），“at + 具体时刻”（at 8 o'clock）。还有一些动词和介词的搭配，如 “look at（看）”，“listen to（听）” 等。 （3）代词： 包括人称代词（I, you, he, she, it, we, they 等）、物主代词（my, your, his, her, its, our, their 等）、反身代词（myself, yourself, himself 等）等。在句子中要根据具体的语境和指代关系来正确使用代词。例如：“He hurt himself when he was running.（他跑步的时候伤到自己了）”，这里 “himself” 是反身代词，表示动作的承受者是主语本身。 （二）解题步骤和技巧 1、通读全文： 在开始填空之前，先快速通读短文，了解文章的大致内容、主题和文体（记叙文、说明文还是议论文等）。这有助于把握文章的语境和逻辑关系。 2、分析句子结构： 对于每个空，要仔细分析句子结构，判断所缺部分在句子中充当的成分（主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等）。例如，如果句子缺少谓语动词，就需要考虑时态和语态；如果缺少定语，可能要填一个形容词或定语从句引导词。 3、结合语境和语法知识填空： 根据上下文语境和语法规则来确定要填的单词。如果是根据所给单词的适当形式填空，要注意单词的词性变化和语法要求。例如，所给单词是 “success”，如果需要一个形容词来修饰名词，就应该填 “successful”。 4、检查核对： 填完所有的空后，要再次通读全文，检查语法是否正确，单词拼写是否有误，以及所填单词是否符合语境和逻辑。 （三）语法填空的做题步骤是什么？ 以下是语法填空的详细做题步骤： 1、通读全文，理解大意 目的：这是做题的第一步，也是非常关键的一步。通过快速浏览文章，了解文章的主题、体裁（如记叙文、说明文、议论文等）和大致内容，为后续填空建立一个整体的语境基础。 操作方式：阅读时，不要过于纠结文中的空格，重点关注文章的开头、结尾以及每段的首句，这些部分通常能帮助你把握文章的主旨和脉络。例如，如果是一篇记叙文，你可以快速确定故事的主人公、事件发生的背景和大致经过等。 2、分析句子结构，确定词性和语法功能 目的：仔细观察每个空格所在的句子，确定空格处所需单词的词性（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、冠词等）和语法功能（作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等）。 3、操作方式： 找句子的主干部分，即主语和谓语。例如，在句子 “_____ (walk) in the park, I saw a beautiful flower.” 中，先找到谓语 “saw”，再分析句子结构可以知道，空格处的词应该是一个非谓语动词，且与主语 “I” 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以可能是 “Walking”。 根据句子中的其他成分来进一步确定空格处的词性。如果空格后是一个名词，且空格处的词用来修饰这个名词，那么这个词很可能是形容词；如果空格前是一个动词，且这个动词需要一个副词来修饰其动作的方式、程度等，那么空格处可能是副词。 4、结合语法规则和上下文语境填空 目的：根据已确定的词性和语法功能，结合语法知识（如时态、语态、从句、词性转换等规则）和上下文的语义线索来确定要填入的单词。 5、操作方式： （1）语法规则方面： 如果确定空格处需要一个动词，且根据时间状语或上下文判断是一般过去时，就要使用动词的过去式。例如，文章中有 “yesterday” 这个时间状语，空格处又是一个谓语动词，就应该考虑使用过去式形式。 对于从句，要根据先行词和从句在句中的作用来选择合适的引导词。如在定语从句中，如果先行词是 “人” 且在从句中作主语，可选择 “who” 或 “that” 作为引导词。 考虑词性转换。若空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词，而所给的是一个名词形式的单词，就需要将其转换为形容词。例如，给出单词 “beauty”，要修饰名词 “scenery”，则应填入 “beautiful”。 （2）上下文语境方面： 注意文章中的指代关系。如果前文提到了一个人或事物，后面再次提及并需要一个代词来指代时，要根据具体的单复数、性别等情况选择合适的代词（如 he、she、it、they 等）。 关注逻辑关系词。像 “but” 表示转折，“and” 表示并列，“because” 表示原因等。根据这些逻辑关系来选择合适的单词填空，使句子在语义上通顺连贯。例如，“He is rich, but he is not happy.（他很富有，但他不开心）”，通过 “but” 这个转折词可以确定前后句的语义关系。 （3）检查答案，确保语法和语义正确 目的：对填入的单词进行检查，确保整个句子的语法正确、单词拼写无误，并且填入后的内容在文章的语境中逻辑通顺、语义完整。 操作方式： 检查语法方面，包括时态是否一致、语态是否正确、从句结构是否完整合理、词性是否符合句子要求等。例如，检查一个被动语态的句子，要确保 “be + 过去分词” 的结构完整，并且 “be” 动词的时态正确。 检查语义方面，将填入单词后的句子放入原文中通读，看是否符合文章的主题和上下文的逻辑关系。如果发现填入某个单词后句子意思变得奇怪或者不符合逻辑，就需要重新考虑答案。 （四）语法填空解题时需注意哪些固定搭配 （1）动词与介词的搭配 look 相关搭配 look at 表示 “看”，强调看的动作和对象。例如：“Look at the blackboard, please.（请看黑板）”。 look for 意思是 “寻找”，重点在于寻找的过程。如：“I'm looking for my keys.（我在找我的钥匙）”。 look after 意为 “照顾；照料”。例如：“My mother looks after my little sister at home. look up 有 “查阅；向上看；改善” 等多种意思。在 “Look up the word in the dictionary. put 相关搭配 put on 表示 “穿上；上演；增加（体重等）”。比如：“Put on your coat. It's cold outside.外面很冷）”； put off 意思是 “推迟；拖延”。例如：“We have to put off the meeting because of the bad weather. put up 有 “张贴；举起；搭建；提供住宿” 等意思。“Put up the poster on the wall.（把海报贴在墙上）”；“He put up his hand to answer the question.（他举手回答问题）” “They put up a tent by the river.（他们在河边搭起了一个帐篷）”； take 相关搭配 take off 有 “脱下；起飞；（事业）腾飞；请假” 等意思。 take up 意思是 “占据（时间、空间等）；开始从事；拿起”。 take after 意思是 “（外貌、性格等）与…… 相像”。形容词与介词的搭配 be good at表示 “擅长”，后接名词、代词或动名词。 be interested in意思是 “对…… 感兴趣”，同样后接名词、代词或动名词。 “She is interested in reading novels.（她对读小说感兴趣）”。 be different from表示 “与…… 不同”，用于比较两个事物之间的差异。 例如：“His opinion is different from mine.（他的观点和我的不同）”。 （2）名词与介词的搭配 the key to 意思是 “…… 的关键；…… 的答案”，to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。例如：“The key to success is hard work.（成功的关键是努力工作）”；“The key to solving the problem is to find more information.（解决这个问题的关键是找到更多信息）”。 have an influence on 表示 “对…… 有影响”，例如：“Parents have a great influence on their children's growth.（父母对他们孩子的成长有很大的影响）”。 动词与副词的搭配 give up 意思是 “放弃”，后接名词、代词或动名词。例如：“Don't give up your dream.（不要放弃你的梦想）”；“He gave up smoking last year.（他去年戒烟了）”。 pick up 有 “捡起；（偶然）学会；接收（信号等）；开车接人” 等多种意思。如：“Pick up the pen from the floor.（从地板上捡起钢笔）”；“I picked up some French when I was in France.（我在法国的时候偶然学会了一些法语）”；“My radio can pick up many stations.（我的收音机能接收很多电台）”；“I'll pick you up at the airport.（我会去机场接你）”。 其他常见搭配 as well as 表示 “和；也；不但…… 而且”，用于连接并列的单词、短语或句子。例如：“He is good at math as well as English.（他不但擅长数学，而且擅长英语）”。 either...or... 意思是 “要么…… 要么……；或者…… 或者……”，连接两个并列的成分，表示选择关系。例如：“Either you or he has to clean the classroom.（要么你，要么他得打扫教室）”。 not only...but also... 表示 “不但…… 而且……”，用于连接两个并列的成分，强调递进关系。 例如：“He can speak not only English but also French.（他不但会说英语，而且会说法语）”。 语法填空提升精练试题 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese calligraphy, 1 is not only a feast for the eyes but also a carrier of culture, has a history of thousands of years. Yang Shilin, 2 honorable calligrapher, is one of the most dedicated artists in reviving people’s passion for this art form. His exhibition, Dao in Emptiness and Stillness, at the National Art Museum of China, displays works 3 (carry) his decades of artistic exploration. His works, combining the beauty of form and the 4 (deep) of philosophy, encourage people to think about the harmony between man and nature. The strokes in his calligraphic pieces, integrating various historical styles, convey a charm that goes 5 literal (字面上的) meanings. “Calligraphy should lead viewers into a spiritual journey,” says Yang. “When people appreciate the works, their inner peace 6 (awaken) gradually.” In his creation, every brush movement is a deliberate act. He tries to let the energy of the brush follow his inspiration 7 (perfect) the work. The exhibition, with its elegant arrangements and profound artworks, has attracted many visitors. It is the beauty in 8 (artistic) designed layouts 9 the emotional resonance (共鸣) from each piece that make it a remarkable event. Visitors can also enjoy digitally 10 (present) videos about his creative process. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Known as the “panda of the plant kingdom” because of its rarity and beauty, a critically endangered magnolia (木兰) species named Parakmeria omeiensis has recently blossomed (开花) on Emei Mountain in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province. 11 (describe) the blossoming flower, which has creamy-white fleshy petals (花瓣), as “a miracle”, Yu Daoping, a botanist who found the flower, said, “Parakmeria omeiensis exists nowhere else on earth 12 on China’s Emei Mountain.” Parakmeria omeiensis was first discovered in the 1940s on Emei Mountain, and then disappeared for nearly half a century before being discovered in 1987. It is 13 (extreme) rare and therefore has been listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species under 14 category of “Critically Endangered” species. The recent Parakmeria omeiensis blossomed at a manmade site 15 researchers copied the wild habitat best suited to Parakmeria omeiensis. Under local botanists’ care, the Parakmeria omeiensis blossomed around 10 years earlier than its 16 (expect) flowering time. Due to the species pollination (传粉) barriers, Parakmeria omeiensis typically needs over 20 years of growth to bloom. “The early flowering shows that our 17 (effort) to rescue Parakmeria omeiensis have paid off,” said Yu, adding that the recovered species is an important 18 (indicate) of the local environment’s rich biodiversity. A total of five manmade sites have been established around Emei Mountain since 2016 19 (conserve) Parakmeria omeiensis. So far, the number of Parakmeria omeiensis in China 20 (rise) to 3,200. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is known as a state of etiquette (礼仪) and ceremonies. Take the example of an interesting story. Once upon a time, a man went on a long tour 21 (visit) his friend with a swan as a gift. But it escaped from the cage on the way and in his effort to catch it, he caught nothing but a feather. When his friend received this unexpected gift — the swan feather, he was deeply moved by the sincerity. 22 (gradual), the saying “the gift is nothing much, but it is the thought 23 counts” spreads far and wide. Gifts are regarded as an important part to show politeness in China. 24 is appropriate to give gifts on 25 (occasion) such as festivals and birthdays. If you are invited 26 a family party, small gifts like wine, tea or candies are welcomed. Also fruit, cookies, and flowers are a safe 27 (choose). Chinese used to cup one hand in the other before the chest as a salute. This tradition, nowadays seldom 28 (follow) except in the Spring Festival, has a history of more than 2,000 years. Shaking hands, which should be firm and brief but not too strong, 29 (consider) formal greeting behavior in China. If you follow the usual rules of etiquette in China, there is no need to worry about the cultural barriers, for the warm and friendly Chinese will try their best to respect your customs when 30 (communicate). Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Winter Solstice, or Dongzhi, is one of the 24 solar terms in the traditional Chinese calendar, usually falling between December 21 and 23 each year, 31 marks the shortest day and the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. The 32 (arrive) of the Winter Solstice not only symbolizes the change of seasons but also holds deep cultural meaning, 33 (represent) the start of the coldest period. In Chinese culture, this day is of great significance. In many regions, various 34 (ceremony) are held to honor ancestors. Additionally, the Winter Solstice is 35 symbol of reunion, with many families gathering together 36 (share) meals. In the south, there is a tradition of eating tangyuan, meaning family unity, 37 in the north, jiaozi are traditionally eaten to drive away the cold. From a medical perspective, the Winter Solstice 38 (consider) the best time for health maintenance. As the Yang energy is the 39 (weak) during this cold period, it’s the best time to nourish the body and rest. These traditions — from family gatherings to health practices — are not merely customs. They carry people’s hopes for warmth, reunion, and well-being. Therefore, Dongzhi serves 40 a heartwarming reminder that even in the deepest winter, we have brighter days ahead. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Roasted sweet potato is a traditional Chinese snack, yet the sweet potato itself is not native to China. 41 (know) scientifically as Ipomoea batatas, it originated in the Americas and 42 (introduce) to China from the Philippines and Vietnam in the late 16th century during the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty. Because it was easy to grow and highly 43   (produce), the sweet potato soon became a vital famine-relief crop, especially during the Ming and Qing dynasties 44 the population grew rapidly and natural disasters were frequent. Over time, 45 (especial) in rural northern China, sweet potatoes were processed into dried strips, flour, glass noodles, porridge, and rice, becoming a staple food for many ordinary families. As a result, sweet potatoes carry strong 46 (memory) of hardship and resilience for older generations. As their cultivation spread nationwide, street vendors began selling roasted sweet potatoes, which gradually evolved into 47 popular everyday snack. Roasting sweet potatoes is simple. The key is to maintain a steady temperature (around 180 — 220℃) for even heating. Keep them from direct flame, 48 (prevent) the outside from burning before the inside is cooked. In northern rural areas, people once roasted sweet potatoes in the warm embers of wood stoves. Today, many families use ovens or air fryers 49 (make) them at home. With no complicated cooking skills or expensive ingredients, roasted sweet potatoes deliver the most direct warmth and satisfaction 50 chilly winter days. Maybe that simple, heartfelt goodness is exactly where their magic really lies. Passage 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists have long recognized the value of national parks for scientific research. Many parks have become important 51 (site) for studying biodiversity and climate change since the 1990s. For example, in a famous park in South America, researchers 52 (conduct) experiments on endangered plants for over a decade. They 53 (recent) put forward a new 54 (assume) that these plants can adapt to rising temperatures 55 (well) than previously thought. To collect data, the team uses AI-powered devices to monitor the plants’ 56 (grow) . The devices can send real-time information to the scientists’ smart homes, 57 allows them to analyze data even when they are not in the park. However, the team also faces challenges. Some local people do not understand the importance of the research and have damaged the equipment. To improve communication, the scientists have learned about local 58 (culture) body language and customs, which has helped them build trust with the community. The research team is committed to 59 (protect) the park’s ecosystem. They hope their work will not only contribute to scientific knowledge but also inspire more people 60 (take) part in conservation efforts. Passage 7 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 William N. Brown was a young airman in the U.S. Air Force when he first became interested in China. Driven by 61 (curious), William moved with his family to Xiamen in 1988, which 62 (impress) him greatly with the changes in the past thirty years. It’s because of his unique experiences 63 this book, Off The Wall-How We Fell For China, was published. Our editorial team chose 64 (near) 50 of his original letters to family and close friends 65 (write) between 1988 and 2017 for this book. One particularly humorous letter 66 (detail) Dr. Brown’s difficulties in managing to buy a turkey for thanksgiving in 1989, despite no turkeys being sold in Xiamen back then. Published for the first time, this book serves as 67 unique window into the changes of the past 40 years in both Xiamen and China as a whole. In the beginning, William’s father strongly objected to his move to China, 68 over time he came to support William’s choice as he read his son’s letters about the sweeping changes in this country. This book by William, made up 69 his personal letters in the past three decades, shows overseas 70 (reader) both China’s changes and the author’s strong fondness for China and its people. Passage 8 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 The 15th National Games, co-hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, has attracted wide attention. There are 105 venues (场馆) in the three regions, most of 71 are upgraded from existing facilities instead of 72 (build) new ones. Guangdong Olympic Sports Center Stadium, the opening ceremony venue, has got a big renovation recently. Workers 73 (replace) its roof and built a modern command center, which can 74 (perfect) meet the needs of various events. 75 is more exciting is that an 800-meter track around it will be open to the public 76 fitness after the games. Tianhe Sports Center is another great venue. It is a near-zero-carbon stadium in China. It uses clean energy like solar power and smart energy management 77 (approach) . Visitors can use AR navigation 78 (locate) their seats easily. The second floor of the stadium has become a fitness area and people can play table tennis or run here. In Hong Kong, Kai Tak Sports Park is a new landmark with a retractable roof. In Macao, the East Asian Games Dome is famous for 79 (it) egg-like shape, so people call it “Macao Egg” which hosts volleyball matches. All these venues are not only for the National Games but also for people’s daily sports. They show the game’s concept of “simple, safe and wonderful” and make sports and 80 (culture) exchanges in the Greater Bay Area closer. It is really wonderful to visit these amazing venues. Passage 9 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nanjing Yunjin, or “cloud brocade,” is a stunningly fine silk fabric (织物) that holds the 81 (distinct) of being a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. With a history dating back over 1,600 years, it was once reserved exclusively 82 Chinese royal families. The weaving process is 83 (extraordinary) complex — few traditional fabric crafts worldwide are 84 (compare) to it in precision. Traditional looms (织布机) are massive, operated by two weavers sitting together-one above the loom and one below. They pass the shuttle back and forth, creating patterns with gold, silver, and colorful silk threads. A piece of Yunjin can take several months or even years to complete. However, for a long time, this exquisite craft faced the risk of fading away. Fortunately, recent efforts 85 (rejuvenate) it have brought new life. Designers are now actively integrating Yunjin patterns into modern fashion items 86 evening dresses, handbags, and even smartphone cases. Major fashion shows in Paris and Milan 87 (feature) Yunjin collections in recent years, stunning global audiences. Furthermore, the Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute has opened 88 (it) doors to the public. Visitors can not only see the ancient looms but also try basic weaving under guidance. Online workshops and digital museums have made this heritage accessible to young people nationwide. This combination of preserving core techniques while embracing modern aesthetics and business models 89 (be) key to its revival. Yunjin is no longer a relic of the past 90 a living, breathing art form connecting centuries of craftsmanship with the contemporary world. Passage 10 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For Tom, a student from Australia, Fenghuang Ancient Town was full of surprises. What made it 91 (remark) was not big, famous sites but small details that felt like pieces of history. Winding along streets with old stone paths, he watched wooden houses leaning over the Tuojiang River, their windows pictured by green plants that swung 92 (gentle) in the breeze (微风). He’d brought only 93 (essential) — comfortable shoes, a notebook, and a camera — never thinking the town would affect him so much. An old tailor, 94 shop had been on the street for 40 years, let Tom try making a small bag. The tailor’s hands, though 95 (line) with age, moved quickly, showing Tom steps that had been passed down in his family. When Tom left, the tailor gave him the small bag he’d made. This kind of warm, unplanned moment went far beyond Tom’s 96 (expect) of just another old town. What touched Tom most 97 (be) the kindness of the people. One evening, when he got lost 98 lanes (小巷) lit by red lanterns, a local man offered 99 (lead) him back, who shared with him how the town had kept its attraction while changing with the times. It was the warmth of these chance connections that turned a simple visit into 100 unforgettable memory, making Fenghuang feel more like a home than a destination. Passage 11 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 “As a foreigner who has lived in China for 18 years, it is also my mission to tell Chinese stories well,” said Stuart Wiggin, 101 British vlogger, upon receiving the Friendship Envoy Award. Over the past decade, Wiggin 102 (publish) hundreds of vlogs on social media platforms, sharing genuine and objective perspectives on China 103 (promote) cultural exchange and deepen global understanding of the country. His journey through China began with a graduation trip, 104 the obvious enthusiasm and confidence surrounding Beijing’s 2008 Olympics fascinated him. The dynamism of Chinese culture, alongside the deep sense of history he felt when walking through the hutongs, 105 (make) him fall in love with the capital. Living in China has taken Wiggin to countless cities and villages, 106 (immerse) him in diverse local customs. Among his most 107 (impress) experiences was a journey aboard a “slow train for public good” in Sichuan Province, which highlighted the train’s vital role in supporting remote communities and reducing 108 (poor). Onboard, he talked with many locals, whose conversations served as a reminder of how welcoming and friendly Chinese people are. Influenced by Chinese culture, he now approaches everything with a broader perspective, particularly attaching great value 109 family. “Cultural exchange is extremely significant because it promotes mutual (相互的) understanding, and that is 110 (essential) the key to achieving peace and harmony,” said Wiggin. Passage 12 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Professor Yang Zhenning, 111 world-famous physicist, Nobel Prize winner in Physics, Professor at Tsinghua University, and Honorary Director of the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua University, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, due to illness, at the age of 103. Yang Zhenning, born on October 1, 1922 in Hefei City, Anhui Province, was a Chinese theoretical physicist who 112 (remarkable) advanced statistics in science, simple physical systems, basic particle (粒子) study and material science and proved 113 (he) to be a genius in cross-disciplinary research through decades of efforts. He and Li Zhengdao received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics, becoming two of the earliest Chinese Nobel Prize winners 114 (honour) with the award. Yang Zhenning, who 115 (pride) himself on having been nurtured (滋养) by Chinese culture, made a speech when 116 (accept) the Nobel Prize, “I am heavy with an awareness of the fact 117 I am in more than one sense a product of both the Chinese and Western cultures, in harmony 118 in conflict. I should like to say that I am as proud of my Chinese heritage and background as I am devoted 119 modern science.” The Organizing Committee of “2021 Annual Touching China” said, “It’s amazing to stand at the intersection of science and tradition. Few understand the 120 (deep) of your contribution to the world; Your devotion to your country is so pure, we all know that. Once, you stood in the front row of the world; Now, you are moving forward with the country.” Passage 13 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Typhoons are powerful storm systems that form over warm ocean water. They bring strong winds and heavy rain, 121 can lead to flooding and landslides. Understanding how typhoons develop and move is necessary for people living in coastal areas to prepare for their 122 (arrive). Weather experts use satellites and radar to track these storms from space. By 123 (examine) the data collected, they can predict (预测) the path and strength of a typhoon. This advanced warning allows governments 124 (make) preparations and, if necessary, organize the evacuation of people in dangerous areas. This technology 125 (improve) greatly over the years, making predictions more reliable than ever before. One of the key factors in a typhoon’s formation is the temperature of the ocean water. The warmer the water, 126 more energy the storm takes in. This is why typhoons are most common in late summer and early autumn when the sea surface is at its 127 (hot). Communication systems are 128 (extreme) important for spreading warnings quickly. Today, messages are sent through TV, radio, and mobile phones, making sure everyone receives the information in time. It is also suggested that families prepare emergency kits with food, water, and medicines. In short, 129 typhoons are among the most destructive. (毁灭性的) natural events, scientific progress greatly improves our ability to predict them in advance. With continuing research, we are sure to be better prepared 130 such natural events. Passage 14 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lady White Snake is a dance production by Shanghai Grand Theater. It will make its first US 131 (appear) at the “Summer at the Lincoln Center” festival in New York. The performances will show the artistic vision 132 cultural vitality of contemporary China to global audiences. Three shows of the dance theater’s reinterpretation of the classic Chinese legend 133 (schedule) to be held at the David H. Koch Theater, a 134 (symbol) venue (场所) within the Lincoln Center complex, on July 26 and 27. These performances 135 (showcase) the talents of Chinese artists will allow US audiences to gain a profound experience of cultural imagination. 136 also makes this event significant is its intention to promote international cooperation and people-to-people exchange through cultural interaction. The dance is an 137 (artistic) groundbreaking recreation of China’s folk legend, The Tale of the White Snake. Zhang Xiaoding, general manager of SGT, said that the company’s aim of creating Lady White Snake in 2021 was 138 (innovate): “We want to converge (汇集) different types of art, and retell 139 legend through a blend of classical ballet and Chinese classical dance.” This innovative approach allows the production to move 140 traditional narrative (叙述), exploring human emotions and expressing the inner spirit of human beings. Passage 15 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Scots may well have standardized golf as we know it, making 141 a game of 18 holes. But it is still uncertain 142 first came up with the idea. The Romans played a game called paganica, in which a ball stuffed with feathers and wool 143 (hit) with a bent stick, while the Dutch played a stick-and-ball game called colf as early as the 13th century. But the most interesting — and in many ways convincing — evidence ever 144 (document) of an early version of golf comes from China. A game called chuiwan became popular in the Song dynasty. Players used ten clubs to hit wooden balls towards 145 (bright) coloured flags — sound familiar? They had a club for long distances, a precursor (前身) of the modern-day driver, and the tee was called the ji, or base 146 English. There was even an early version of the R&A Rules of Golf: Wan Jing, or The Classic of the Ball, published during the Yuan dynasty. It 147 (lay) out the rules, and placed great 148 (emphasize) on sportsmanship and correct behaviour — similar to modern golf. There’s also a reference in an ancient book to an official of the Southern Tang dynasty 149 (tell) his daughter to “dig holes in the ground” so he could hit a ball into them using a special stick. The game seems 150 (die) out in China during the Qing dynasty, but it certainly qualifies as a royal and ancient game. ( 第 1 页 共 33 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第04讲 语法填空提升讲解 精讲语法填空提升 一、题型特点与要求 语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的语言知识与技能，其命题原则是“突出语篇，强调运用”，旨在通过完整、真实、综合的语境考查考生活学活用语言知识的能力。在解题时，要强化语篇的整体意识：首先要通读语篇，在理解语篇大意、把握时态的基础上，再逐空解题，否则就会犯“只见树木，不见森林”的方向性错误。 1. 掌握语法知识在语篇中的运用能力 2. 熟悉动词相关语法项目 3. 熟练掌握词性转换及虚词的使用 二、知识要点讲解 （一）时态和语态 考点一谓语动词 谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，主要包括实义动词和动词短语。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句，则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致。 一、确定是否谓语动词 确定谓语动词两步骤 第一步：确定谓语动词 分析句子结构来判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句。若是简单句，主语后面的就是谓语动词；若是并列句，前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词；若是复合句，主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。 第二步：确定谓语动词的形式 1．根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； 2．根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系确定语态； 3．根据主语的单复数确定谓语动词的形式，做到主谓一致。 二、如何判断谓语动词的时态 方法(一)　寻找时间状语 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 1．看到often, seldom, occasionally, usually, always, every time, sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 2．看到previously, yesterday, last year, in 2022, the other day, two days ago, 一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。 3．看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 4．看到at this moment, at present, now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。 5．看到since, recently, lately, already, in (over, during) the last/past few years, so far/up to now, for＋时间段， ever since等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 6．看到by then, by the end of等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。 方法(二)　依据平行关系 1．可根据并列连词and, but, or, rather than, neither ...nor ..., either ...or, not only ...but also ...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 2．同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语的时态要一致。 方法(三)　利用固定句式 常见的固定句式 1．was/were doing ...when＋一般过去时 2．was/were about to do ...when＋一般过去时 3．it is the＋序数词＋time＋that＋现在完成时 4．it was the＋序数词＋time＋that＋过去完成时 5．No sooner had＋主语＋done ...than＋一般过去时 6．Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done ...when＋一般过去时 7．It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时 8．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 9．It's (high) time that ...did/should do sth.(should不能省略) 方法(四)　借助语境暗示 空处作谓语，在没有标志性的时间状语且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境，即通过题干或上下中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。 三、如何判断谓语动词的语态 1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 2．被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词，情态动词＋be done。 3．做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。 4．常考的被动语态有： 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词 一般将来时 will be＋过去分词 现在完成时 has/have been＋过去分词 过去完成时 had been＋过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋过去分词 四、如何判断谓语动词的单复数 方法(一)　利用语法一致原则 主语 谓语 不可数名词、可数名词单数、动名词(短语)或动词不定式、主语从句，the number of＋可数名词复数 单数 可数名词复数，and连接的两个名词表示两者以上，a number of＋可数名词复数 复数 方法(二)　利用意义一致原则 主语 谓语 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念 单数 强调整体的集合名词 单数 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现 单数 方法(三)　利用就近一致原则 主语 谓语 neither ...nor ..., either ...or ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...but ...等连接的主语 与邻近主语一致 “here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致 考点二：非谓语动词 非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能作谓语的动词，它没有人称和数的变化，主要包括不定式、现在分词(动词-ing)和过去分词。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 一、如何确定是否作非谓语 确定非谓语动词两步骤 第一步：确定是否为非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式 1．提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式； 2．提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式。 二、如何确定填何种非谓语形式 方法(一)　成分分析法 非谓语动词的“意义区别” 1．作主语、宾语或表语 (1)动词-ing：抽象性、经常性动作；已知的事或经验。 (2)不定式：具体性、一次性动作；未完的事或目的。2.作表语 (1)动词-ing：多表示主语的特征。 (2)过去分词：主要是表示主语的状态。 3．作定语 (1)动词-ing：正在发生、主动的动作。 (2)过去分词：已经完成、被动的动作。 (3)动词不定式：一般式表示未发生或经常性的动作；完成式表示已发生的动作。 4．作状语 (1)动词-ing：与主语是主谓关系，一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生；完成式表示先于谓语动作发生。 (2)过去分词：与主语是动宾关系，先于谓语动作发生。 (3)动词不定式：主动式表示与主语是主谓关系；被动式表示与主语是动宾关系。一般式表示在谓语动作后发生；完成式表示在谓语动作前发生。 5.作补语 1动词-ing：主动、进行的动作。 2过去分词：被动、完成的动作。 3动词不定式：将来的动作。 方法(二)　 线索暗示法 1．看到介词或带介词的固定搭配要想到用动词-ing形式作宾语。 2．看到介词but/except要想到后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省略to。如We had no choice but to obey./He wouldn't talk about work, except to say that he was busy./What can we do but sit and wait? 3．看到并列连词and, but, or，要想到其前后的非谓语动词应保持一致。 方法(三)　 逻辑关系法 1．找逻辑主语 (1)作定语时，所修饰的中心词是逻辑主语； (2)作状语时，句子的主语是逻辑主语； (3)作补足语时，句子的宾语是逻辑主语。 2．判断逻辑关系 (1)逻辑主语和不定式之间为主动关系时，用动词不定式的主动形式；逻辑主语和不定式之间为被动关系时，用动词不定式的被动形式。 (2)逻辑主语和分词之间为主动关系时，用动词-ing；逻辑主语和分词之间为被动关系时，用过去分词。 方法(四)　固定搭配法 1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语 (1)决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend (2)主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help 2．下列动词(短语)只能用动词-ing作宾语 (1)考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (2)避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate (3)禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡 forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape 3．其后接动词-ing或不定式作宾语(意义不同)的动词：remember, regret, need, try, mean等。 4．其后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell，order，allow，permit，enable，persuade，force，warn，encourage，inspire, expect等。 5．其他常用搭配 (1)spend time doing sth. (2)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. (3)have a good time (in) doing sth. (4)waste ...(in) doing sth. (5)It is/was＋形容词(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. (6)It is no use/good doing sth. (7)It takes sb.some time to do sth. (8)It's worthwhile to do/doing sth. 考点三 并列连词与主从复合句 无提示词类是语法填空考查的重点之一，尤其对于连词和三大从句的考查更是一个难点。此类题目要求考生能够准确分析句子结构，弄清空处上下文之间的逻辑关系，确定空处在句中所作成分。因此，考生需要较强的综合分析能力。鉴于此，本讲将重点阐释连词和三大从句的解题要领，以期帮助考生提高做题的准确率。 一、并列连词 方法(一)　关系分析法 分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。 1．表示并列或递进关系的连词有and, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ...等； 2．表示选择关系的连词有or, either ...or ..., whether ...or ..., neither ...nor ...等； 3．表示转折或对比关系的连词有but/yet, while, not ...but ...等； 4．表示因果关系的连词有because, so, for等； 5．表示让步关系的连词有although，though和while等。 方法(二)　固定句型法 1．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 2．be doing sth.when ...　正在做某事，这时…… had just done sth. when ... 刚做完某事，这时…… be about to do sth.when ... 正要做某事，这时…… be on the point of doing sth. when ... 正要做某事，这时…… hardly ...when ... 一……就…… 二、定语从句关系词 4步法确定定语从句关系词 第一步：确定是定语从句 分析句子结构，设空处无提示词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句的关系词。 第二步：分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。 (1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句； (2)which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容； (3)as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如”。 第三步：寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间、地点，还是原因) (1)先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导； (2)先行词指物用that/which/whose引导； (3)表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。 第四步：判断从句中所缺成分，确定关系词 (1)缺少主语用that/which/who； (2)缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom； (3)缺少介词的宾语用whom/which； (4)缺少定语用whose； (5)缺少时间、地点或原因状语时，分别用when、 where、 why。 三、名词性从句 “名词性从句”语法填空的4个思考方向 方向1：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整 分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分。 方向2：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整 分析句子结构，从句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时，则应考虑whether引导名词性从句，if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。 方向3：从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语 分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，考虑用连接代词what、 who、 whom、 which、 whatever等。 方向4：从句中缺少状语 分析句子结构并结合句意判断，从句中缺少状语，考虑用连接副词where (表示地点)、 when (表示时间)、 how (表示方式)、 why (表示原因)等。 四、状语从句连接词 方法(一)　句意法 1．根据句意确定是什么状语从句，进而确定连接词。 2．常见的状语从句的连接词有： (1)时间状语从句while/when/as/since/before/after/until (2)条件状语从句if/unless/once (3)让步状语从句though/although/while/as (4)地点状语从句where (5)原因状语从句because/since/as 方法(二)　固定句式法 根据固定句式来确定连接词，常见的固定句式有： 1.so/such ...that ... 2.not ...until ... 3.It will/won't be＋ ...＋before ... 4.It was＋ ...＋before ... 5.It is some time＋since ... 6.whether ...or not ... 7.no sooner ...than ... 8.hardly ...when ... 四、词性转换 这要求考生熟悉各种词性的基本构成和用法。 例如，形容词变副词一般是在形容词词尾加 -ly，但也有一些特殊情况，如 “true - truly”“happy - happily”。 当句子中需要修饰动词、形容词或其他副词时，要用副词。如：“He runs quickly.（他跑得很快）”，“quickly” 修饰动词 “runs”。 名词和动词之间也可以相互转换。例如，“develop（动词，发展）” 可以转换为 “development（名词，发展）”。在句子 “The development of science and technology has changed our lives.（科技的发展改变了我们的生活）” 中，就需要用名词形式。 五、冠词、介词和代词 （1）冠词： 冠词分为不定冠词（a/an）和定冠词（the）。不定冠词表示泛指，“a” 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，“an” 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。例如：“a book（一本书）”，“an apple（一个苹果）”。定冠词 “the” 表示特指，或者用于上文已经提到过的事物、独一无二的事物等。如：“The sun is shining brightly.（太阳正明亮地照耀着）”。 （2）介词： 有很多固定搭配。例如，“in + 年 / 月 / 季节”（in 2024, in December, in winter），“on + 具体日期 / 星期几”（on December 19th, on Thursday），“at + 具体时刻”（at 8 o'clock）。还有一些动词和介词的搭配，如 “look at（看）”，“listen to（听）” 等。 （3）代词： 包括人称代词（I, you, he, she, it, we, they 等）、物主代词（my, your, his, her, its, our, their 等）、反身代词（myself, yourself, himself 等）等。在句子中要根据具体的语境和指代关系来正确使用代词。例如：“He hurt himself when he was running.（他跑步的时候伤到自己了）”，这里 “himself” 是反身代词，表示动作的承受者是主语本身。 （二）解题步骤和技巧 1、通读全文： 在开始填空之前，先快速通读短文，了解文章的大致内容、主题和文体（记叙文、说明文还是议论文等）。这有助于把握文章的语境和逻辑关系。 2、分析句子结构： 对于每个空，要仔细分析句子结构，判断所缺部分在句子中充当的成分（主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等）。例如，如果句子缺少谓语动词，就需要考虑时态和语态；如果缺少定语，可能要填一个形容词或定语从句引导词。 3、结合语境和语法知识填空： 根据上下文语境和语法规则来确定要填的单词。如果是根据所给单词的适当形式填空，要注意单词的词性变化和语法要求。例如，所给单词是 “success”，如果需要一个形容词来修饰名词，就应该填 “successful”。 4、检查核对： 填完所有的空后，要再次通读全文，检查语法是否正确，单词拼写是否有误，以及所填单词是否符合语境和逻辑。 （三）语法填空的做题步骤是什么？ 以下是语法填空的详细做题步骤： 1、通读全文，理解大意 目的：这是做题的第一步，也是非常关键的一步。通过快速浏览文章，了解文章的主题、体裁（如记叙文、说明文、议论文等）和大致内容，为后续填空建立一个整体的语境基础。 操作方式：阅读时，不要过于纠结文中的空格，重点关注文章的开头、结尾以及每段的首句，这些部分通常能帮助你把握文章的主旨和脉络。例如，如果是一篇记叙文，你可以快速确定故事的主人公、事件发生的背景和大致经过等。 2、分析句子结构，确定词性和语法功能 目的：仔细观察每个空格所在的句子，确定空格处所需单词的词性（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、冠词等）和语法功能（作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等）。 3、操作方式： 找句子的主干部分，即主语和谓语。例如，在句子 “_____ (walk) in the park, I saw a beautiful flower.” 中，先找到谓语 “saw”，再分析句子结构可以知道，空格处的词应该是一个非谓语动词，且与主语 “I” 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以可能是 “Walking”。 根据句子中的其他成分来进一步确定空格处的词性。如果空格后是一个名词，且空格处的词用来修饰这个名词，那么这个词很可能是形容词；如果空格前是一个动词，且这个动词需要一个副词来修饰其动作的方式、程度等，那么空格处可能是副词。 4、结合语法规则和上下文语境填空 目的：根据已确定的词性和语法功能，结合语法知识（如时态、语态、从句、词性转换等规则）和上下文的语义线索来确定要填入的单词。 5、操作方式： （1）语法规则方面： 如果确定空格处需要一个动词，且根据时间状语或上下文判断是一般过去时，就要使用动词的过去式。例如，文章中有 “yesterday” 这个时间状语，空格处又是一个谓语动词，就应该考虑使用过去式形式。 对于从句，要根据先行词和从句在句中的作用来选择合适的引导词。如在定语从句中，如果先行词是 “人” 且在从句中作主语，可选择 “who” 或 “that” 作为引导词。 考虑词性转换。若空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词，而所给的是一个名词形式的单词，就需要将其转换为形容词。例如，给出单词 “beauty”，要修饰名词 “scenery”，则应填入 “beautiful”。 （2）上下文语境方面： 注意文章中的指代关系。如果前文提到了一个人或事物，后面再次提及并需要一个代词来指代时，要根据具体的单复数、性别等情况选择合适的代词（如 he、she、it、they 等）。 关注逻辑关系词。像 “but” 表示转折，“and” 表示并列，“because” 表示原因等。根据这些逻辑关系来选择合适的单词填空，使句子在语义上通顺连贯。例如，“He is rich, but he is not happy.（他很富有，但他不开心）”，通过 “but” 这个转折词可以确定前后句的语义关系。 （3）检查答案，确保语法和语义正确 目的：对填入的单词进行检查，确保整个句子的语法正确、单词拼写无误，并且填入后的内容在文章的语境中逻辑通顺、语义完整。 操作方式： 检查语法方面，包括时态是否一致、语态是否正确、从句结构是否完整合理、词性是否符合句子要求等。例如，检查一个被动语态的句子，要确保 “be + 过去分词” 的结构完整，并且 “be” 动词的时态正确。 检查语义方面，将填入单词后的句子放入原文中通读，看是否符合文章的主题和上下文的逻辑关系。如果发现填入某个单词后句子意思变得奇怪或者不符合逻辑，就需要重新考虑答案。 （四）语法填空解题时需注意哪些固定搭配 （1）动词与介词的搭配 look 相关搭配 look at 表示 “看”，强调看的动作和对象。例如：“Look at the blackboard, please.（请看黑板）”。 look for 意思是 “寻找”，重点在于寻找的过程。如：“I'm looking for my keys.（我在找我的钥匙）”。 look after 意为 “照顾；照料”。例如：“My mother looks after my little sister at home. look up 有 “查阅；向上看；改善” 等多种意思。在 “Look up the word in the dictionary. put 相关搭配 put on 表示 “穿上；上演；增加（体重等）”。比如：“Put on your coat. It's cold outside.外面很冷）”； put off 意思是 “推迟；拖延”。例如：“We have to put off the meeting because of the bad weather. put up 有 “张贴；举起；搭建；提供住宿” 等意思。“Put up the poster on the wall.（把海报贴在墙上）”；“He put up his hand to answer the question.（他举手回答问题）” “They put up a tent by the river.（他们在河边搭起了一个帐篷）”； take 相关搭配 take off 有 “脱下；起飞；（事业）腾飞；请假” 等意思。 take up 意思是 “占据（时间、空间等）；开始从事；拿起”。 take after 意思是 “（外貌、性格等）与…… 相像”。形容词与介词的搭配 be good at表示 “擅长”，后接名词、代词或动名词。 be interested in意思是 “对…… 感兴趣”，同样后接名词、代词或动名词。 “She is interested in reading novels.（她对读小说感兴趣）”。 be different from表示 “与…… 不同”，用于比较两个事物之间的差异。 例如：“His opinion is different from mine.（他的观点和我的不同）”。 （2）名词与介词的搭配 the key to 意思是 “…… 的关键；…… 的答案”，to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。例如：“The key to success is hard work.（成功的关键是努力工作）”；“The key to solving the problem is to find more information.（解决这个问题的关键是找到更多信息）”。 have an influence on 表示 “对…… 有影响”，例如：“Parents have a great influence on their children's growth.（父母对他们孩子的成长有很大的影响）”。 动词与副词的搭配 give up 意思是 “放弃”，后接名词、代词或动名词。例如：“Don't give up your dream.（不要放弃你的梦想）”；“He gave up smoking last year.（他去年戒烟了）”。 pick up 有 “捡起；（偶然）学会；接收（信号等）；开车接人” 等多种意思。如：“Pick up the pen from the floor.（从地板上捡起钢笔）”；“I picked up some French when I was in France.（我在法国的时候偶然学会了一些法语）”；“My radio can pick up many stations.（我的收音机能接收很多电台）”；“I'll pick you up at the airport.（我会去机场接你）”。 其他常见搭配 as well as 表示 “和；也；不但…… 而且”，用于连接并列的单词、短语或句子。例如：“He is good at math as well as English.（他不但擅长数学，而且擅长英语）”。 either...or... 意思是 “要么…… 要么……；或者…… 或者……”，连接两个并列的成分，表示选择关系。例如：“Either you or he has to clean the classroom.（要么你，要么他得打扫教室）”。 not only...but also... 表示 “不但…… 而且……”，用于连接两个并列的成分，强调递进关系。 例如：“He can speak not only English but also French.（他不但会说英语，而且会说法语）”。 语法填空提升精练试题 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese calligraphy, 1 is not only a feast for the eyes but also a carrier of culture, has a history of thousands of years. Yang Shilin, 2 honorable calligrapher, is one of the most dedicated artists in reviving people’s passion for this art form. His exhibition, Dao in Emptiness and Stillness, at the National Art Museum of China, displays works 3 (carry) his decades of artistic exploration. His works, combining the beauty of form and the 4 (deep) of philosophy, encourage people to think about the harmony between man and nature. The strokes in his calligraphic pieces, integrating various historical styles, convey a charm that goes 5 literal (字面上的) meanings. “Calligraphy should lead viewers into a spiritual journey,” says Yang. “When people appreciate the works, their inner peace 6 (awaken) gradually.” In his creation, every brush movement is a deliberate act. He tries to let the energy of the brush follow his inspiration 7 (perfect) the work. The exhibition, with its elegant arrangements and profound artworks, has attracted many visitors. It is the beauty in 8 (artistic) designed layouts 9 the emotional resonance (共鸣) from each piece that make it a remarkable event. Visitors can also enjoy digitally 10 (present) videos about his creative process. 【答案】 1．which 2．an 3．carrying 4．depth 5．beyond 6．is awakened 7．to perfect 8．artistically 9．and 10．presented 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍书法家杨士林的书法理念、作品特色及展览亮点，客观阐述中国书法的艺术价值与精神内涵。 1．考查定语从句。句意：中国书法不仅是一场视觉盛宴，更是一种文化载体，拥有数千年的历史。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese calligraphy，指物，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系which代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填which。 2．考查冠词。句意：杨士林是一位德高望重的书法家，也是复兴人们对这门艺术热爱的最执着的艺术家之一。根据空格后的单数名词calligrapher可知，空格处应该用不定冠词表示泛指，honorable的发音是元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他在中国国家美术馆举办的“道在虚静”展览，展示了承载他数十年艺术探索的作品。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词works，动词carry与名词works之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词carrying作定语。故填carrying。 4．考查名词。句意：他的作品融合了形式之美与哲学之深邃，鼓励人们思考人与自然的和谐。根据上文的动词combining和and可知，空格处应该用名词depth与the beauty并列作宾语。故填depth。 5．考查介词。句意：其书法作品中的笔触整合了多种历史风格，传达出超越字面意义的魅力。go beyond“超越”是固定搭配。故填beyond。 6．考查时态和语态。句意：当人们欣赏作品时，内心的平静会逐渐被唤醒。空格处是谓语动词，主语their inner peace与动词awaken之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，根据从句的时态是一般现在时可知，主句用一般现在时，描述客观情况。故填is awakened。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图让笔墨的气韵跟随灵感，以完善作品。空格处作目的状语，应该用不定式形式。故填to perfect。 8．考查副词。句意：正是艺术性设计的布局之美，以及每件作品带来的情感共鸣，使其成为一场非凡的盛会。空格处修饰下文的动词designed，应该用副词artistically作状语。故填artistically。 9．考查连词。句意：正是艺术性设计的布局之美，以及每件作品带来的情感共鸣，使其成为一场非凡的盛会。空格前的the beauty...与空格后的the emotional resonance (共鸣) from each piece是并列关系，应该用连词and连接。故填and。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：参观者还可以欣赏以数字方式呈现的关于他创作过程的视频。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰下文的名词videos，动词present与名词videos之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词presented作定语。故填presented。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Known as the “panda of the plant kingdom” because of its rarity and beauty, a critically endangered magnolia (木兰) species named Parakmeria omeiensis has recently blossomed (开花) on Emei Mountain in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province. 11 (describe) the blossoming flower, which has creamy-white fleshy petals (花瓣), as “a miracle”, Yu Daoping, a botanist who found the flower, said, “Parakmeria omeiensis exists nowhere else on earth 12 on China’s Emei Mountain.” Parakmeria omeiensis was first discovered in the 1940s on Emei Mountain, and then disappeared for nearly half a century before being discovered in 1987. It is 13 (extreme) rare and therefore has been listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species under 14 category of “Critically Endangered” species. The recent Parakmeria omeiensis blossomed at a manmade site 15 researchers copied the wild habitat best suited to Parakmeria omeiensis. Under local botanists’ care, the Parakmeria omeiensis blossomed around 10 years earlier than its 16 (expect) flowering time. Due to the species pollination (传粉) barriers, Parakmeria omeiensis typically needs over 20 years of growth to bloom. “The early flowering shows that our 17 (effort) to rescue Parakmeria omeiensis have paid off,” said Yu, adding that the recovered species is an important 18 (indicate) of the local environment’s rich biodiversity. A total of five manmade sites have been established around Emei Mountain since 2016 19 (conserve) Parakmeria omeiensis. So far, the number of Parakmeria omeiensis in China 20 (rise) to 3,200. 【答案】 11．Describing 12．but 13．extremely 14．the 15．where 16．expected 17．efforts 18．indicator 19．to conserve 20．has risen 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。最近，一种极度濒危、因其稀有和美丽被称为“植物界的大熊猫”的白玉兰物种在中国西南部四川省的峨眉山开花了。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：发现这株花的植物学家余道平，将这枚长着乳白肉质花瓣、正值盛放的花朵称作 “奇迹”，他表示：“峨眉拟单性木兰全球独有，仅生长于中国峨眉山。”describe与其逻辑主语Yu Daoping存在逻辑上的主谓关系，应用所给动词的现在分词，在句中作伴随状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Describing。 12．考查介词。句意：发现这株花的植物学家余道平，将这枚长着乳白肉质花瓣、正值盛放的花朵称作 “奇迹”，他表示：“峨眉拟单性木兰全球独有，仅生长于中国峨眉山。”根据句意“峨眉拟单性木兰除了在中国的峨眉山，地球上其他任何地方都不存在了”可知，该空用介词but。故填but。 13．考查副词。句意：这种植物极为罕见，因此已被列入国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录，属于“极度濒危”物种类别。此处修饰形容词rare，应用副词extremely“极度”，作状语。故填extremely。 14．考查冠词。句意：这种植物极为罕见，因此已被列入国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录，属于“极度濒危”物种类别。该句中的“Critically Endangered’ species”表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。 15．考查定语从句。句意：近期，峨眉拟单性木兰在一处人工培育基地绽放，这里的研究人员复刻了最适宜该物种生长的野生生存环境。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是site，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：在当地植物学家的精心照料下，这株峨眉拟单性木兰比预期花期提前约10年绽放。所填词与其逻辑主语flowering time存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用所给动词的过去分词expected，作定语。故填expected。 17．考查名词复数。句意：余道平表示：“此次提前开花，说明我们拯救峨眉拟单性木兰的努力已见成效。” 他还补充道，该物种的成功繁育是当地生态环境生物多样性丰富的重要标志。根据该句中的谓语动词have paid off可知，该空需用所给名词的复数efforts，作主语。故填efforts。 18．考查名词。句意：余道平表示：“此次提前开花，说明我们拯救峨眉拟单性木兰的努力已见成效。” 他还补充道，该物种的成功繁育是当地生态环境生物多样性丰富的重要标志。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，应用单数名词indicator“标志”。故填indicator。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：自2016年起，峨眉山周边已建成共计 5 处人工培育基地，专门用于保护峨眉拟单性木兰。此处作目的状语，应用所给动词的不定式形式。故填to conserve。 20．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：截至目前，中国境内的峨眉拟单性木兰数量已增长至 3200 株。根据该句中的时间状语So far可知，该空需用现在完成时，主语为the number of Parakmeria omeiensis，助动词用has，故填has risen。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is known as a state of etiquette (礼仪) and ceremonies. Take the example of an interesting story. Once upon a time, a man went on a long tour 21 (visit) his friend with a swan as a gift. But it escaped from the cage on the way and in his effort to catch it, he caught nothing but a feather. When his friend received this unexpected gift — the swan feather, he was deeply moved by the sincerity. 22 (gradual), the saying “the gift is nothing much, but it is the thought 23 counts” spreads far and wide. Gifts are regarded as an important part to show politeness in China. 24 is appropriate to give gifts on 25 (occasion) such as festivals and birthdays. If you are invited 26 a family party, small gifts like wine, tea or candies are welcomed. Also fruit, cookies, and flowers are a safe 27 (choose). Chinese used to cup one hand in the other before the chest as a salute. This tradition, nowadays seldom 28 (follow) except in the Spring Festival, has a history of more than 2,000 years. Shaking hands, which should be firm and brief but not too strong, 29 (consider) formal greeting behavior in China. If you follow the usual rules of etiquette in China, there is no need to worry about the cultural barriers, for the warm and friendly Chinese will try their best to respect your customs when 30 (communicate). 【答案】 21．to visit 22．Gradually 23．that 24．It 25．occasions 26．to 27．choice 28．followed 29．is considered 30．communicating 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国作为礼仪之邦，在送礼和问候方面的传统和习俗。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：从前，一个人带着一只天鹅作为礼物，进行了一次长途旅行去拜访他的朋友。“(visit) his friend”是“a man went on a long tour”的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to visit。 22．考查副词。句意：渐渐地，“礼轻情意重”这句话就广为流传了。提示词修饰整个句子，用副词gradually作状语，意为“逐渐地，渐渐地”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Gradually。 23．考查强调句。句意：渐渐地，“礼轻情意重”这句话就广为流传了。这是一个强调句型，结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；本句中强调的是原句主语“the thought”，句子其它部分只能由that引出。故填that。 24．考查代词。句意：在节日和生日等场合送礼物是合适的。“__4__ is appropriate to give gifts...”是固定句型“it is+形容词+to do...”，意为“做……是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面不定式短语；句首单词首字母大写。故填It。 25．考查名词复数。句意：在节日和生日等场合送礼物是合适的。可数名词occasion(场合)作宾语，结合“such as festivals and birthdays”可知，不止一个场合，用复数形式。故填occasions。 26．考查介词。句意：如果你被邀请参加家庭聚会，像酒、茶或糖果这样的小礼物是受欢迎的。invite sb. to...是固定搭配，意为“邀请某人去……”，句中使用了其被动形式be invited to...，to是介词。故填to。 27．考查名词。句意：此外，水果、饼干和鲜花也是安全的选择。提示词作表语，用名词choice，意为“选择”，由空前不定冠词a可知，应用单数形式。故填choice。 28．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一传统如今已很少遵循，除了在春节期间，已有2000多年的历史。“nowadays seldom (follow) except in the Spring Festival”作后置定语修饰名词tradition，follow(遵循)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语tradition之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填followed。 29．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：握手在中国被认为是一种正式的问候方式，握手应该坚定而简短，但不要太用力。consider(认为)是谓语动词，与主语Shaking hands之间是被动关系，描述一般性事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是动名词短语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is considered。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你遵循中国通常的礼仪规则，就没有必要担心文化障碍，因为热情友好的中国人在交流时会尽力尊重你的习俗。“when __10__ (communicate)”作时间状语，communicate(交流)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语the warm and friendly Chinese之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填communicating。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Winter Solstice, or Dongzhi, is one of the 24 solar terms in the traditional Chinese calendar, usually falling between December 21 and 23 each year, 31 marks the shortest day and the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. The 32 (arrive) of the Winter Solstice not only symbolizes the change of seasons but also holds deep cultural meaning, 33 (represent) the start of the coldest period. In Chinese culture, this day is of great significance. In many regions, various 34 (ceremony) are held to honor ancestors. Additionally, the Winter Solstice is 35 symbol of reunion, with many families gathering together 36 (share) meals. In the south, there is a tradition of eating tangyuan, meaning family unity, 37 in the north, jiaozi are traditionally eaten to drive away the cold. From a medical perspective, the Winter Solstice 38 (consider) the best time for health maintenance. As the Yang energy is the 39 (weak) during this cold period, it’s the best time to nourish the body and rest. These traditions — from family gatherings to health practices — are not merely customs. They carry people’s hopes for warmth, reunion, and well-being. Therefore, Dongzhi serves 40 a heartwarming reminder that even in the deepest winter, we have brighter days ahead. 【答案】 31．which 32．arrival 33．representing 34．ceremonies 35．a 36．to share 37．while 38．is considered 39．weakest 40．as 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了冬至是中国重要节气，标志季节更替，兼具深厚文化内涵，有南北不同食俗，还被视为养生佳期，承载着人们对温暖、团圆与安康的期许。 31．考查定语从句。句意：冬至是中国传统历法中二十四节气之一，通常在每年12月21日至23日之间，这一天标志着北半球一年中白昼最短的一天和黑夜最长的一天。先行词是the Winter Solstice，从句缺主语，非限定从用which引导，故填which。 32．考查名词。句意：冬至的到来不仅象征着季节的更替，还蕴含着深厚的文化意义，代表着最寒冷时期的开始。作主语，用名词arrival，不可数。故填arrival。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：冬至的到来不仅象征着季节的更替，还蕴含着深厚的文化意义，代表着最寒冷时期的开始。主语the arrival和represent是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填representing。 34．考查名词的数。句意：在许多地区，人们会举行各种仪式来祭奠祖先。根据后文are可知主语为复数。故填ceremonies。 35．考查冠词。句意：此外，冬至也是一个象征团聚的节日，许多家庭会聚在一起共进晚餐。a symbol of表示“……的一种象征”，表示泛指。故填a。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，冬至也是一个象征团聚的节日，许多家庭会聚在一起共进晚餐。此处share作目的状语，用不定式。故填to share。 37．考查连词。句意：在南方，有吃汤圆的习俗，寓意家庭团圆；而在北方，人们则通常吃饺子来驱散寒冷。前文讲南方吃汤圆，后文讲北方吃饺子，是南北习俗对比，while可表“然而、而”，表对比关系最贴切。故填while。 38．考查时态语态。句意：从医学角度来看，冬至被视为维护健康的最佳时机。主语the Winter Solstice和consider是被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is considered。 39．考查最高级。句意：由于在这个寒冷时期阳气最为虚弱，所以正是滋养身体和休息的好时机。根据后文during this cold period可知用形容词最高级。故填weakest。 40．考查介词。句意：因此，冬至这一天就像是一份温馨的提醒：即便在最寒冷的冬日里，我们也会迎来更加明媚的未来。短语serve as表示“作为”。故填as。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Roasted sweet potato is a traditional Chinese snack, yet the sweet potato itself is not native to China. 41 (know) scientifically as Ipomoea batatas, it originated in the Americas and 42 (introduce) to China from the Philippines and Vietnam in the late 16th century during the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty. Because it was easy to grow and highly 43   (produce), the sweet potato soon became a vital famine-relief crop, especially during the Ming and Qing dynasties 44 the population grew rapidly and natural disasters were frequent. Over time, 45 (especial) in rural northern China, sweet potatoes were processed into dried strips, flour, glass noodles, porridge, and rice, becoming a staple food for many ordinary families. As a result, sweet potatoes carry strong 46 (memory) of hardship and resilience for older generations. As their cultivation spread nationwide, street vendors began selling roasted sweet potatoes, which gradually evolved into 47 popular everyday snack. Roasting sweet potatoes is simple. The key is to maintain a steady temperature (around 180 — 220℃) for even heating. Keep them from direct flame, 48 (prevent) the outside from burning before the inside is cooked. In northern rural areas, people once roasted sweet potatoes in the warm embers of wood stoves. Today, many families use ovens or air fryers 49 (make) them at home. With no complicated cooking skills or expensive ingredients, roasted sweet potatoes deliver the most direct warmth and satisfaction 50 chilly winter days. Maybe that simple, heartfelt goodness is exactly where their magic really lies. 【答案】 41．Known 42．was introduced 43．productive 44．when 45．especially 46．memories 47．a 48．preventing 49．to make 50．on 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章本文介绍了烤红薯的起源、在中国的发展及文化意义。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：红薯在科学上被称为Ipomoea batatas，它起源于美洲，在明朝万历时期（16世纪后期）从菲律宾和越南传入中国。句中已有谓语动词originated，故此处使用非谓语动词形式，其与逻辑主语“it（指代the sweet potato）”构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Known。 42．考查动词时态和语态。句意：红薯在科学上被称为Ipomoea batatas，它起源于美洲，在明朝万历时期（16世纪后期）从菲律宾和越南传入中国。空处和originated并列作谓语，所以introduce在句中应用谓语动词形式，根据in the late 16th century可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，introduce和主语“it（指代the sweet potato）”之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was introduced。 43．考查形容词。句意：因为它易于种植且产量高，红薯很快成为了一种重要的救荒作物，特别是在明清时期，当时人口迅速增长，自然灾害频繁发生。空处和easy并列作表语，所以空处应用形容词形式，produce的形容词为productive，意为“产量高的”。故填productive。 44．考查定语从句。句意：因为它易于种植且产量高，红薯很快成为了一种重要的救荒作物，特别是在明清时期，当时人口迅速增长，自然灾害频繁发生。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the Ming and Qing dynasties，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 45．考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，尤其是在中国北方的农村地区，红薯被加工成干条、面粉、粉丝、粥和米饭，成为许多普通家庭的主食。空处修饰介词短语in rural northern China，应用副词形式，especial的副词为especially，意为“尤其”。故填especially。 46．考查名词复数。句意：因此，红薯对于老一辈人来说承载着艰辛和坚韧的强烈记忆。空处作宾语，应用名词形式，memory意为“记忆”，为可数名词，根据句意可知，老一辈人对红薯的艰辛和坚韧的记忆不止一个，应用复数形式。故填memories。 47．考查冠词。句意：随着红薯在全国的种植，街头小贩开始卖烤红薯，烤红薯逐渐演变成一种受欢迎的日常小吃。空处修饰名词snack，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，popular发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：避免让它们直接接触火焰，防止红薯外面在内部煮熟之前被烧焦。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词Keep，所以prevent在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，意为“避免外皮在内部熟透前烤焦”。故使用preventing。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，许多家庭在家里使用烤箱或空气炸锅来制作红薯。use sth. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”。故填to make。 50．考查介词。句意：烤红薯不需要复杂的烹饪技巧或昂贵的食材，在寒冷的冬日里，它能带来最直接的温暖和满足感。空处表示“在寒冷的冬日里”，应用介词on，on chilly winter days表示“在寒冷的冬日里”。故填on。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists have long recognized the value of national parks for scientific research. Many parks have become important 51 (site) for studying biodiversity and climate change since the 1990s. For example, in a famous park in South America, researchers 52 (conduct) experiments on endangered plants for over a decade. They 53 (recent) put forward a new 54 (assume) that these plants can adapt to rising temperatures 55 (well) than previously thought. To collect data, the team uses AI-powered devices to monitor the plants’ 56 (grow) . The devices can send real-time information to the scientists’ smart homes, 57 allows them to analyze data even when they are not in the park. However, the team also faces challenges. Some local people do not understand the importance of the research and have damaged the equipment. To improve communication, the scientists have learned about local 58 (culture) body language and customs, which has helped them build trust with the community. The research team is committed to 59 (protect) the park’s ecosystem. They hope their work will not only contribute to scientific knowledge but also inspire more people 60 (take) part in conservation efforts. 【答案】 51．sites 52．have conducted 53．recently 54．assumption 55．better 56．growth 57．which 58．cultural 59．protecting 60．to take 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章阐述国家公园作为重要科学研究基地的价值，并以一个南美洲公园的植物研究为例，说明科学家如何运用现代技术进行长期生态监测，应对研究挑战。 51．考查名词的数。句意：自20世纪90年代以来，许多公园已成为研究生物多样性和气候变化的重要场所。此处“site”在句中作表语，且主语为many parks，故此处应用名词的复数形式，故填sites。 52．考查时态。句意：例如，在南美洲一个著名的公园里，研究人员对濒危植物进行了十多年的实验。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为researchers，为复数，与conduct之间为主动关系，且根据时间状语for over a decade可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填have conducted。 53．考查副词。句意：他们最近提出了一个新假设，认为这些植物对气温上升的适应能力比之前认为的更强。此处在句中作状语，故应用副词“recently”修饰动词put forward，故填recently。 54．考查名词。句意：同上。此处作宾语，故应用名词“assumption”，且空前有冠词a，故此处应用名词的单数形式，故填assumption。 55．考查比较级。句意：他们最近提出了一个新假设，认为这些植物对气温上升的适应能力比之前认为的更强。根据空后的than可知，此处应用副词的比较级better修饰动词adapt to，故填better。 56．考查名词。句意：为了收集数据，该团队使用人工智能设备监测植物的生长情况。此处在句中作宾语，故应用名词“growth”，故填growth。 57．考查定语从句。句意：这些设备可以将实时信息发送到科学家的智能家居中，使他们即使不在公园里也能分析数据。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“The devices can send real-time information to the scientists’ smart homes”这件事，故应用which引导，指代整个主句，从句中作主语，故填which。 58．考查形容词。句意：为了改善沟通，科学家们学习了当地文化中的肢体语言和习俗，这帮助他们与社区建立了信任。此处作定语，修饰body languages and customs，故应用形容词“cultural”，故填cultural。 59．考查动名词。句意：研究团队致力于保护公园的生态系统。此处意为“致力于做某事”，表达为be committed to doing sth.，故应用动名词作介词宾语，故填protecting。 60．考查不定式。句意：他们希望自己的工作不仅能促进科学知识的积累，还能激励更多人参与到保护行动中来。此处意为“激励某人做某事”，表达为inspire sb. to do sth.，故此处应用不定式作宾补，故填to take。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 William N. Brown was a young airman in the U.S. Air Force when he first became interested in China. Driven by 61 (curious), William moved with his family to Xiamen in 1988, which 62 (impress) him greatly with the changes in the past thirty years. It’s because of his unique experiences 63 this book, Off The Wall-How We Fell For China, was published. Our editorial team chose 64 (near) 50 of his original letters to family and close friends 65 (write) between 1988 and 2017 for this book. One particularly humorous letter 66 (detail) Dr. Brown’s difficulties in managing to buy a turkey for thanksgiving in 1989, despite no turkeys being sold in Xiamen back then. Published for the first time, this book serves as 67 unique window into the changes of the past 40 years in both Xiamen and China as a whole. In the beginning, William’s father strongly objected to his move to China, 68 over time he came to support William’s choice as he read his son’s letters about the sweeping changes in this country. This book by William, made up 69 his personal letters in the past three decades, shows overseas 70 (reader) both China’s changes and the author’s strong fondness for China and its people. 【答案】 61．curiosity 62．has impressed 63．that 64．nearly 65．written 66．details 67．a 68．but 69．of 70．readers 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了美国的威廉・N・布朗先生与中国的结缘故事，以及他的著作《我不见外：老潘的中国来信》。 61．考查名词。句意：受好奇心驱使，威廉于1988年携家人迁居厦门，过去三十年间，这里的种种变迁，给他留下了极为深刻的印象。空处作宾语，需填名词，curious的名词形式是curiosity，为不可数名词，故填curiosity。 62．考查时态。句意：受好奇心驱使，威廉于1988年携家人迁居厦门，过去三十年间，这里的种种变迁，给他留下了极为深刻的印象。空处作谓语，根据时间状语in the past thirty years可知，本句应该用现在完成时，主语是which，指代前面整个句子，所以助动词用has。故填has impressed。 63．考查强调句。句意：正是因为这些独特的经历，他才出版了《我不见外：老潘的中国来信》这本书。本句是强调句，强调原因状语because of his unique experiences，强调句结构为：it is/was+强调部分+that+其它。故填that。 64．考查副词。句意：我们的编辑团队从他1988至2017年间写给家人和密友的亲笔书信中，精选了近50封收录进本书。空处修饰空后的数词50，应该用副词修饰，near的副词形式是nearly。故填nearly。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的编辑团队从他1988至2017年间写给家人和密友的亲笔书信中，精选了近50封收录进本书。本句已有谓语动词chose，所以write应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是letters，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填written。 66．考查时态。句意：其中有一封格外风趣的信，详细讲述了布朗博士在1989年的经历：当年他费尽心思，想置办一只火鸡过感恩节，可彼时的厦门根本买不到火鸡。空处作谓语，本句描述的是事实，应该用一般现在时，主语是letter，谓语动词用单数形式。故填details。 67．考查冠词。句意：这本书首次出版，它就像一扇独特的窗口，让人们得以窥见厦门乃至整个中国过去四十年的沧桑巨变。window是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且unique发音是以辅音音素开头，应该用不定冠词a。故填a。 68．考查连词。句意：起初，威廉的父亲极力反对他迁居中国，但随着时间推移，当他读到儿子信中笔下这个国家翻天覆地的变化后，便渐渐开始支持威廉的这个选择。上文提到“威廉的父亲起初强烈反对他迁居中国”，下文提到“后来渐渐支持他的选择”，上下文是转折关系，应该用but连接。故填but。 69．考查介词。句意：这本由威廉过去三十年的私人书信汇编而成的著作，向海外读者展现了中国的发展变迁，也流露着作者对中国与中国人民那份浓烈的喜爱之情。固定搭配be made up of，意为“由……组成”。故填of。 70．考查名词复数。句意：这本由威廉过去三十年的私人书信汇编而成的著作，向海外读者展现了中国的发展变迁，也流露着作者对中国与中国人民那份浓烈的喜爱之情。空处应该填名词作宾语，reader是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，所以应该用复数形式。故填readers。 Passage 8 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 The 15th National Games, co-hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, has attracted wide attention. There are 105 venues (场馆) in the three regions, most of 71 are upgraded from existing facilities instead of 72 (build) new ones. Guangdong Olympic Sports Center Stadium, the opening ceremony venue, has got a big renovation recently. Workers 73 (replace) its roof and built a modern command center, which can 74 (perfect) meet the needs of various events. 75 is more exciting is that an 800-meter track around it will be open to the public 76 fitness after the games. Tianhe Sports Center is another great venue. It is a near-zero-carbon stadium in China. It uses clean energy like solar power and smart energy management 77 (approach) . Visitors can use AR navigation 78 (locate) their seats easily. The second floor of the stadium has become a fitness area and people can play table tennis or run here. In Hong Kong, Kai Tak Sports Park is a new landmark with a retractable roof. In Macao, the East Asian Games Dome is famous for 79 (it) egg-like shape, so people call it “Macao Egg” which hosts volleyball matches. All these venues are not only for the National Games but also for people’s daily sports. They show the game’s concept of “simple, safe and wonderful” and make sports and 80 (culture) exchanges in the Greater Bay Area closer. It is really wonderful to visit these amazing venues. 【答案】 71．which 72．building 73．replaced 74．perfectly 75．What 76．for 77．approaches 78．to locate 79．its 80．cultural 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了第十五届全运会场馆建设的亮点。 71．考查定语从句。句意：三地共有105个场馆，其中大多数是对现有设施进行升级改造，而非新建。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为105 venues，指物，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，应用which引导，故填which。 72．考查动名词。句意同上。空前的instead of“而不是”为介词短语，故应用动名词作宾语，故填building。 73．考查动词。句意：工作人员更换了屋顶并建造了一个现代化指挥中心，能够完美满足各类赛事需求。此处作谓语动词，主语为workers，根据后文的and built可知，此处应用一般过去时，讲述过去发生的动作，故填replaced。 74．考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰动词meet，故应用副词“perfectly完美地”作状语，故填perfectly。 75．考查主语从句。句意：更令人兴奋的是，赛后将向公众开放一条环绕体育场的800米跑道，供市民健身使用。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指“令人激动的事物”，故应用what引导主语从句，故填What。 76．考查介词。句意同上。此处意为“用于健身”，故应用介词for，故填for。 77．考查名词的数。句意：它采用太阳能等清洁能源及智能能源管理技术。此处approach“方法，技术”为名词，在句中作宾语，且此处指前文“solar power”和“smart energy management”这两种技术，故应用名词的复数形式，故填approaches。 78．考查不定式。句意：观众可使用AR导航轻松找到座位。此处意为“用……做……”，表达为use…to do…，故此处应用不定式to do作目的状语，故填to locate。 79．考查代词。句意：在澳门，东亚运动会体育馆因其蛋形外观而闻名，被民众亲切地称为“澳门蛋”，这里将举办排球比赛。此处指代“东亚运动会体育馆的”，故应用不定代词its“它的”作定语，修饰名词egg-like shape，故填its。 80．考查形容词。句意：它们展现了“简约、安全、精彩”的办赛理念，并推动粤港澳大湾区的体育与文化交融更趋紧密。此处作定语，修饰名词changes，故应用形容词“cultural文化的”，故填cultural。 Passage 9 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nanjing Yunjin, or “cloud brocade,” is a stunningly fine silk fabric (织物) that holds the 81 (distinct) of being a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage. With a history dating back over 1,600 years, it was once reserved exclusively 82 Chinese royal families. The weaving process is 83 (extraordinary) complex — few traditional fabric crafts worldwide are 84 (compare) to it in precision. Traditional looms (织布机) are massive, operated by two weavers sitting together-one above the loom and one below. They pass the shuttle back and forth, creating patterns with gold, silver, and colorful silk threads. A piece of Yunjin can take several months or even years to complete. However, for a long time, this exquisite craft faced the risk of fading away. Fortunately, recent efforts 85 (rejuvenate) it have brought new life. Designers are now actively integrating Yunjin patterns into modern fashion items 86 evening dresses, handbags, and even smartphone cases. Major fashion shows in Paris and Milan 87 (feature) Yunjin collections in recent years, stunning global audiences. Furthermore, the Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute has opened 88 (it) doors to the public. Visitors can not only see the ancient looms but also try basic weaving under guidance. Online workshops and digital museums have made this heritage accessible to young people nationwide. This combination of preserving core techniques while embracing modern aesthetics and business models 89 (be) key to its revival. Yunjin is no longer a relic of the past 90 a living, breathing art form connecting centuries of craftsmanship with the contemporary world. 【答案】 81．distinction 82．for 83．extraordinarily 84．comparable 85．to rejuvenate 86．like 87．have featured/have been featuring 88．its 89．is 90．but 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国非物质文化遗产——南京云锦。 81．考查名词。句意：南京云锦，或称“云锦”，是一种精美绝伦的丝绸织物，它享有入选联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产的殊荣。空处作宾语，需填名词，distinct的名词形式是distinction。故填distinction。 82．考查介词。句意：它的历史可追溯至1600多年前，曾一度专供中国皇室享用，平民无权使用。reserve sth. exclusively for sb.是固定短语，意为“专供某人使用；专属留给某人”，此处是被动形式be reserved exclusively for。故填for。 83．考查副词。句意：云锦的织造工艺极为繁复，在工艺精准度方面，全球鲜有传统织物技艺能与之媲美。空处修饰空后的形容词complex，应该用副词修饰，extraordinary的副词形式是extraordinarily。故填extraordinarily。 84．考查形容词。句意：云锦的织造工艺极为繁复，在工艺精准度方面，全球鲜有传统织物技艺能与之媲美。空处放在系动词are后面作表语，应该用形容词，compare的形容词形式是comparable。故填comparable。 85．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，最近重振它的努力带来了新的生机。本句已有谓语动词have brought，所以rejuvenate应该用非谓语形式，修饰名词efforts，常用用不定式，作后置定语。故填to rejuvenate。 86．考查介词。句意：设计师们正积极地将云锦纹样融入各类现代时尚单品中，比如晚礼服、手提包，甚至是手机壳。空后evening dresses, handbags, and even smartphone cases是具体的举例内容，介词like表示“比如；像”，用来列举同类事物。故填like。 87．考查时态。句意：近些年来，巴黎和米兰的各大时装秀上都展出了云锦系列作品，惊艳了全球的观众。空处作本句的谓语，根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应该用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，或者表示动作从过去开始，对现在造成的影响，或者表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，有可能继续下去，可以用现在完成进行时，主语shows是复数，助动词用have。故填have featured或have been featuring。 88．考查代词。句意：此外，南京云锦研究所也向公众敞开了大门。修饰名词doors，空处应填形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词是its。故填its。 89．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种坚守核心技艺，同时拥抱现代审美与商业模式的融合之道，正是云锦得以复兴的关键。空处作本句的谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语This combination是单数，所以be动词用is。故填is。 90．考查连词。句意：如今的云锦，不再是尘封的历史遗迹，而是一门鲜活灵动的艺术形式，它串联起数百年的匠心工艺，与当下的时代紧紧相连。not…but…为固定句型，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。 Passage 10 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For Tom, a student from Australia, Fenghuang Ancient Town was full of surprises. What made it 91 (remark) was not big, famous sites but small details that felt like pieces of history. Winding along streets with old stone paths, he watched wooden houses leaning over the Tuojiang River, their windows pictured by green plants that swung 92 (gentle) in the breeze (微风). He’d brought only 93 (essential) — comfortable shoes, a notebook, and a camera — never thinking the town would affect him so much. An old tailor, 94 shop had been on the street for 40 years, let Tom try making a small bag. The tailor’s hands, though 95 (line) with age, moved quickly, showing Tom steps that had been passed down in his family. When Tom left, the tailor gave him the small bag he’d made. This kind of warm, unplanned moment went far beyond Tom’s 96 (expect) of just another old town. What touched Tom most 97 (be) the kindness of the people. One evening, when he got lost 98 lanes (小巷) lit by red lanterns, a local man offered 99 (lead) him back, who shared with him how the town had kept its attraction while changing with the times. It was the warmth of these chance connections that turned a simple visit into 100 unforgettable memory, making Fenghuang feel more like a home than a destination. 【答案】 91．remarkable 92．gently 93．essentials 94．whose 95．lined 96．expectation 97．was 98．in 99．to lead 100．an 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了澳大利亚学生汤姆游览凤凰古城，被古城细节、老手艺人的热情和当地人的善良打动，这次旅行成为他一段难忘的珍贵回忆。 91．考查形容词。句意：使其独具特色的并非那些宏伟的著名建筑，而是那些看似蕴含着历史痕迹的小细节。此处为“make +宾语+形容词”结构，需填形容词作宾语补足语，remark的形容词形式是remarkable（非凡的，值得注意的）。故填remarkable。 92．考查副词。句意：沿着布满古老石板路的街道前行，他看到那些木制房屋依偎在沱江岸边，窗户上布满了随风轻轻摇曳的绿色植物图案。修饰动词swung（摇摆）要用副词，gentle的副词形式是gently（轻柔地）。故填gently。 93．考查名词的数。句意：他只带了必需品——舒适的鞋子、一个笔记本和一台相机——从未料到这个小镇会对他产生如此大的影响。根据破折号后的列举（舒适的鞋子、笔记本、相机），可知此处指“必需品”，essential作名词时常用复数形式。故填essentials。 94．考查定语从句。句意：一位年长的裁缝，他的店铺在这条街上已经经营了40年，让汤姆试做了一个小袋子。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是An old tailor，从句中shop与先行词为所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 95．考查非谓语动词。句意：裁缝的手虽然饱经岁月的沧桑，但动作却十分敏捷，向汤姆展示出了家族世代相传的技艺步骤。此处hands与line（布满皱纹）是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填lined。 96．考查名词。句意：这种温馨而突如其来的时刻，远远超出了汤姆对这座普通小镇的预期。形容词性物主代词Tom’s后需接名词expectation。故填expectation。 97．考查时态。句意：最让汤姆感动的是那些人的善良品质。句子主语是What touched Tom most（一个主语从句），谓语动词用单数形式；全文为一般过去时，故填was。 98．考查介词。句意：一天晚上，当他迷失在由红灯笼照亮的小巷中时，一位当地居民主动提出带他回去。这位居民还向他讲述了这个城镇如何在与时俱进的同时依然保持着其魅力。get lost in意为“在…… 里迷路”，故填in。 99．考查非谓语动词。句意：一天晚上，当他迷失在由红灯笼照亮的小巷中时，一位当地居民主动提出带他回去。这位居民还向他讲述了这个城镇如何在与时俱进的同时依然保持着其魅力。offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”，故填to lead。 100．考查冠词。句意：正是这些偶然的相遇所带来的温暖，将一次普通的旅行变成了难以忘怀的回忆，让凤凰这个地方更像是一个家，而非一个目的地。unforgettable以元音音素开头，且memory在此处为可数名词单数，表示 “一段难忘的回忆”，故填不定冠词an。故填an。 Passage 11 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 “As a foreigner who has lived in China for 18 years, it is also my mission to tell Chinese stories well,” said Stuart Wiggin, 101 British vlogger, upon receiving the Friendship Envoy Award. Over the past decade, Wiggin 102 (publish) hundreds of vlogs on social media platforms, sharing genuine and objective perspectives on China 103 (promote) cultural exchange and deepen global understanding of the country. His journey through China began with a graduation trip, 104 the obvious enthusiasm and confidence surrounding Beijing’s 2008 Olympics fascinated him. The dynamism of Chinese culture, alongside the deep sense of history he felt when walking through the hutongs, 105 (make) him fall in love with the capital. Living in China has taken Wiggin to countless cities and villages, 106 (immerse) him in diverse local customs. Among his most 107 (impress) experiences was a journey aboard a “slow train for public good” in Sichuan Province, which highlighted the train’s vital role in supporting remote communities and reducing 108 (poor). Onboard, he talked with many locals, whose conversations served as a reminder of how welcoming and friendly Chinese people are. Influenced by Chinese culture, he now approaches everything with a broader perspective, particularly attaching great value 109 family. “Cultural exchange is extremely significant because it promotes mutual (相互的) understanding, and that is 110 (essential) the key to achieving peace and harmony,” said Wiggin. 【答案】 101．a 102．has published 103．to promote 104．where 105．made 106．immersing 107．impressive 108．poverty 109．to 110．essentially 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了英国博主18年来，通过制作vlog分享真实的中国故事，积极促进跨文化交流。 101．考查冠词。句意：“作为一名在中国生活了 18 年的外国人，我也有责任将中国的故事讲述得精彩动人。”英国视频博主斯图尔特·威金在接受“友好使者”奖时说道。此处vlogger为泛指，且British是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 102．考查时态。句意：在过去十年里，威金在社交媒体平台上发布了数百个视频博客，分享了关于中国的真实且客观的观点，以促进文化交流并加深全球对这个国家的了解。根据时间状语over the past decade可知为现在完成时，主语为Wiggin，助动词用has。故填has published。 103．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去十年里，威金在社交媒体平台上发布了数百个视频博客，分享了关于中国的真实且客观的观点，以促进文化交流并加深全球对这个国家的了解。此处promote作目的状语，用不定式。故填to promote。 104．考查定语从句。句意：他对中国之旅的开端是一次毕业旅行，在那次旅行中，围绕着北京2008年奥运会所展现出的明显热情和自信深深吸引了他。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a graduation trip，先行词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 105．考查时态。句意：中国文化的活力，以及他在漫步于胡同时所感受到的浓厚历史氛围，使他深深地爱上了这座首都城市。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故填made。 106．考查非谓语动词。句意：在华生活让威金游历了众多城市和乡村，让他深入体验了各地独特的风俗习惯。此处immerse与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填immersing。 107．考查形容词。句意：在他最为难忘的经历中，有一段是在四川省乘坐“服务于公共利益的慢速列车”的经历，这段经历凸显了该列车在支持偏远地区和减少贫困方面所发挥的重要作用。修饰名词experiences用形容词impressive。故填impressive。 108．考查名词。句意：在他最为难忘的经历中，有一段是在四川省乘坐“服务于公共利益的慢速列车”的经历，这段经历凸显了该列车在支持偏远地区和减少贫困方面所发挥的重要作用。本空位于动词reduce后，需要名词poverty作宾语。故填poverty。 109．考查介词。句意：受到中国文化的影响，他现在看待一切问题都更具全局性，尤其非常重视家庭。短语attach…to…表示“把……附在……上”。故填to。 110．考查副词。句意：威金说：“文化交流意义重大，因为它有助于增进彼此的了解，而这正是实现和平与和谐的关键所在。”修饰整个句子用副词essentially。故填essentially。 Passage 12 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Professor Yang Zhenning, 111 world-famous physicist, Nobel Prize winner in Physics, Professor at Tsinghua University, and Honorary Director of the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua University, passed away in Beijing on October 18, 2025, due to illness, at the age of 103. Yang Zhenning, born on October 1, 1922 in Hefei City, Anhui Province, was a Chinese theoretical physicist who 112 (remarkable) advanced statistics in science, simple physical systems, basic particle (粒子) study and material science and proved 113 (he) to be a genius in cross-disciplinary research through decades of efforts. He and Li Zhengdao received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics, becoming two of the earliest Chinese Nobel Prize winners 114 (honour) with the award. Yang Zhenning, who 115 (pride) himself on having been nurtured (滋养) by Chinese culture, made a speech when 116 (accept) the Nobel Prize, “I am heavy with an awareness of the fact 117 I am in more than one sense a product of both the Chinese and Western cultures, in harmony 118 in conflict. I should like to say that I am as proud of my Chinese heritage and background as I am devoted 119 modern science.” The Organizing Committee of “2021 Annual Touching China” said, “It’s amazing to stand at the intersection of science and tradition. Few understand the 120 (deep) of your contribution to the world; Your devotion to your country is so pure, we all know that. Once, you stood in the front row of the world; Now, you are moving forward with the country.” 【答案】 111．a 112．remarkably 113．himself 114．honoured 115．prided 116．accepting 117．that 118．and 119．to 120．depth 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了杨振宁先生的逝世，回顾他在理论物理领域的跨学科成就、1957年与李政道共获诺贝奖的里程碑，并强调其融合中西文化的学术视野与赤诚报国的精神。 111．考查冠词。句意：世界著名物理学家、诺贝尔物理学奖得主、清华大学教授、清华大学高等研究院名誉院长杨振宁教授，于2025年10月18日因病在北京逝世，享年103岁。此处介绍杨振宁先生的身份，泛指“一位世界著名的物理学家”，应用不定冠词，且world-famous的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 112．考查副词。句意：杨振宁1922年10月1日出生于安徽省合肥市，是一名中国理论物理学家，他在统计学、简单物理系统、基本粒子研究和材料科学领域取得显著突破，并通过数十年努力证明了自己是跨学科研究的天才。空处修饰动词advanced，副词remarkably符合题意，意为“显著地”。故填remarkably。 113．考查代词。句意：杨振宁1922年10月1日出生于安徽省合肥市，是一名中国理论物理学家，他在统计学、简单物理系统、基本粒子研究和材料科学领域取得显著突破，并通过数十年努力证明了自己是跨学科研究的天才。空处作proved的宾语，此处“证明”这一动作的实施者和承受者为同一人，空处应用he的反身代词形式himself，意为“他自己”。故填himself。 114．考查非谓语动词。句意：他与李政道获得1957年诺贝尔物理学奖，成为最早获得该荣誉的两位中国科学家。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作winners的后置定语，honour“表彰，给……荣誉”和winners逻辑上是被动关系，因此用honour的过去分词形式。故填honoured。 115．考查动词时态。句意：杨振宁以深受中华文化滋养为荣，在领取诺贝尔奖时曾发表演讲……空处作从句的谓语，结合全文主要用一般过去时可知，此处时态保持一致，同样叙述过去发生的事，pride“以……自豪”需用过去式的形式。故填prided。 116．考查状语从句中的省略。句意：杨振宁以深受中华文化滋养为荣，在领取诺贝尔奖时曾发表演讲……此处用了when引导时间状语从句，从句无主语，为省略形式，对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，accept“领取”和被省略的主语Yang Zhenning之间是主动关系，accept应用现在分词形式。故填accepting。 117．考查同位语从句。句意：我深刻意识到，从多重意义上说，我是中西文化共同孕育的产物——既有和谐，也有冲突。空处引导名词性从句作the fact的同位语，同位语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。 118．考查连词。句意：我深刻意识到，从多重意义上说，我是中西文化共同孕育的产物——既有和谐，也有冲突。“in harmony (和谐)”与“in conflict (冲突)”是并列关系，体现中西方文化对他影响的两个方面，需用并列连词and连接。故填and。 119．考查介词。句意：我想说，我为自己的中国血统与背景感到自豪，正如我投身于现代科学一样。be devoted to是固定短语，意为“致力于,献身于”。故填to。 120．考查名词。句意：鲜有人理解您对世界贡献的深度；您对祖国的赤诚纯净，世人皆知。空处作understand的宾语，名词depth符合题意，意为“深度”。故填depth。 Passage 13 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Typhoons are powerful storm systems that form over warm ocean water. They bring strong winds and heavy rain, 121 can lead to flooding and landslides. Understanding how typhoons develop and move is necessary for people living in coastal areas to prepare for their 122 (arrive). Weather experts use satellites and radar to track these storms from space. By 123 (examine) the data collected, they can predict (预测) the path and strength of a typhoon. This advanced warning allows governments 124 (make) preparations and, if necessary, organize the evacuation of people in dangerous areas. This technology 125 (improve) greatly over the years, making predictions more reliable than ever before. One of the key factors in a typhoon’s formation is the temperature of the ocean water. The warmer the water, 126 more energy the storm takes in. This is why typhoons are most common in late summer and early autumn when the sea surface is at its 127 (hot). Communication systems are 128 (extreme) important for spreading warnings quickly. Today, messages are sent through TV, radio, and mobile phones, making sure everyone receives the information in time. It is also suggested that families prepare emergency kits with food, water, and medicines. In short, 129 typhoons are among the most destructive. (毁灭性的) natural events, scientific progress greatly improves our ability to predict them in advance. With continuing research, we are sure to be better prepared 130 such natural events. 【答案】 121．which 122．arrival 123．examining 124．to make 125．has improved 126．the 127．hottest 128．extremely 129．while/though/although 130．for 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了台风的形成、影响，以及人们如何利用科技预测和应对台风。 121．考查定语从句。句意：它们带来强风和暴雨，这可能会引发洪水和山体滑坡。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是strong winds and heavy rain，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 122．考查名词。句意：了解台风的形成和移动方式，对于沿海地区的人们为台风的到来做准备是必要的。根据介词for可知，此处应用名词arrival，意为“到来”，作宾语。故填arrival。 123．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过检查收集到的数据，它们可以预测台风的路径和强度。根据介词by可知，此处应用动名词examining，作宾语。故填examining。 124．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种提前预警让政府能够做好准备，必要时还能组织危险地区的人员撤离。 allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式to make，作宾补。故填to make。 125．考查动词时态。句意：这些年来，这项技术已经有了很大的改进，使得预测比以往任何时候都更可靠。根据时间状语over the years可知，此处应用现在完成时。technology与improve是主谓关系，且主语technology是单数，此处谓语应用has improved。故填has improved。 126．考查冠词。句意：海水温度越高，风暴吸收的能量就越多。此处是固定句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 127．考查形容词最高级。句意：这就是为什么台风在夏末秋初最常见，此时海面温度达到它的最高值。根据“in late summer and early autumn”及“at its... (处于……的状态)”可知，此处表示“最高温度”，应用形容词最高级hottest。故填hottest。 128．考查副词。句意：通信系统对于快速传播预警极为重要。此处修饰形容词important，应用副词extremely，意为“极其地”，作状语。故填extremely。 129．考查连词。句意：简而言之，虽然台风是最具破坏性的自然事件之一，但科学进步极大地提高了我们提前预测它们的能力。根据前后句的逻辑关系可知，此处表示让步，用连词while/though/although。故填while/though/although。 130．考查介词。句意：随着研究的不断深入，我们一定能更好地应对这类自然事件。be prepared for是固定搭配，意为“为……做好准备”，此处应用介词for。故填for。 Passage 14 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lady White Snake is a dance production by Shanghai Grand Theater. It will make its first US 131 (appear) at the “Summer at the Lincoln Center” festival in New York. The performances will show the artistic vision 132 cultural vitality of contemporary China to global audiences. Three shows of the dance theater’s reinterpretation of the classic Chinese legend 133 (schedule) to be held at the David H. Koch Theater, a 134 (symbol) venue (场所) within the Lincoln Center complex, on July 26 and 27. These performances 135 (showcase) the talents of Chinese artists will allow US audiences to gain a profound experience of cultural imagination. 136 also makes this event significant is its intention to promote international cooperation and people-to-people exchange through cultural interaction. The dance is an 137 (artistic) groundbreaking recreation of China’s folk legend, The Tale of the White Snake. Zhang Xiaoding, general manager of SGT, said that the company’s aim of creating Lady White Snake in 2021 was 138 (innovate): “We want to converge (汇集) different types of art, and retell 139 legend through a blend of classical ballet and Chinese classical dance.” This innovative approach allows the production to move 140 traditional narrative (叙述), exploring human emotions and expressing the inner spirit of human beings. 【答案】 131．appearance 132．and 133．are scheduled 134．symbolic 135．showcasing 136．What 137．artistically 138．to innovate 139．the 140．beyond 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海大剧院的舞剧《白蛇传》将首次在美国林肯中心“夏日艺术节”上演，讲述了该剧演出安排、艺术创新之处以及其在促进国际文化交流方面的重要意义。 131．考查名词。句意：它将在纽约“林肯中心夏日艺术节”上首次在美国亮相。空处前有形容词性物主代词its和序数词first修饰，且作动词make的宾语，应用名词形式，appear的名词为appearance，表示“亮相；出现”。故填appearance。 132．考查连词。句意：这些演出将向全球观众展示当代中国的艺术视野和文化活力。“artistic vision”与“cultural vitality”为并列关系，应用连词and连接，译为“和”。故填and。 133．考查谓语动词。句意：这部对中国经典传说重新演绎的三场舞剧演出定于7月26日和27日在林肯中心建筑群内具有象征意义的场馆——David H. Koch剧院举行。主语“Three shows”与谓语动词schedule之间为被动关系，且描述的是计划的事情，应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，又因主语为复数，应用are scheduled。故填are scheduled。 134．考查形容词。句意：这部舞剧对中国经典传说重新演绎的三场演出定于7月26日和27日在林肯中心建筑群内具有象征意义的场馆——David H. Koch Theater举行。空处修饰名词venue，应用形容词形式，symbol的形容词为symbolic，译为“象征的；具有象征意义的”。故填symbolic。 135．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些展示中国艺术家才华的演出将让美国观众获得深刻的文化想象体验。此句中已有谓语动词will allow，此处需用非谓语形式，空处修饰名词performances，且与performances之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，showcase的现在分词为showcasing，译为“展示；展现”。故填showcasing。 136．考查主语从句。句意：让这一活动具有重要意义的还有，它旨在通过文化交流促进国际合作和民间交往。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，表示“……的事情”，句首单词首字母需大写。故填What。 137．考查副词。句意：这部舞剧是对中国民间传说《白蛇传》具有艺术开创性的重新创作。空处修饰形容词groundbreaking，应用副词形式，artistic的副词为artistically，译为“艺术地；在艺术方面”。故填artistically。 138．考查非谓语动词。句意：上海大剧院总经理张晓丁表示，剧院2021年创作《白蛇传》的目的是创新。空处作表语，说明aim的具体内容，应用动词不定式形式，innovate的动词不定式为to innovate，译为“创新”。故填to innovate。 139．考查冠词。句意：我们想要汇集不同类型的艺术，通过古典芭蕾与中国古典舞的融合来重新讲述这个传说。此处特指上文提到的“The Tale of the White Snake”这一传说，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 140．考查介词。句意：这种创新的方式让这部作品超越了传统叙事，探索人类情感并表达人类的内在精神。此处表示“超越（传统叙事）”，应用介词beyond，表示“超越；超出”。故填beyond。 Passage 15 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Scots may well have standardized golf as we know it, making 141 a game of 18 holes. But it is still uncertain 142 first came up with the idea. The Romans played a game called paganica, in which a ball stuffed with feathers and wool 143 (hit) with a bent stick, while the Dutch played a stick-and-ball game called colf as early as the 13th century. But the most interesting — and in many ways convincing — evidence ever 144 (document) of an early version of golf comes from China. A game called chuiwan became popular in the Song dynasty. Players used ten clubs to hit wooden balls towards 145 (bright) coloured flags — sound familiar? They had a club for long distances, a precursor (前身) of the modern-day driver, and the tee was called the ji, or base 146 English. There was even an early version of the R&A Rules of Golf: Wan Jing, or The Classic of the Ball, published during the Yuan dynasty. It 147 (lay) out the rules, and placed great 148 (emphasize) on sportsmanship and correct behaviour — similar to modern golf. There’s also a reference in an ancient book to an official of the Southern Tang dynasty 149 (tell) his daughter to “dig holes in the ground” so he could hit a ball into them using a special stick. The game seems 150 (die) out in China during the Qing dynasty, but it certainly qualifies as a royal and ancient game. 【答案】 141．it 142．who 143．was hit 144．documented 145．brightly 146．in 147．laid 148．emphasis 149．telling 150．to have died 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了高尔夫运动的起源存在不确定性，且早期版本的相关证据显示其可能源于中国。 141．考查代词。句意：苏格兰人很可能将我们所熟知的高尔夫运动标准化，使其成为一项18洞的运动。此处指代前面的golf，作making的宾语，用代词it。故填it。 142．考查主语从句。句意：但目前仍不确定是谁首先提出了这个想法。句中it作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指人，需用连接代词who引导。故填who。 143．考查动词时态和语态。句意：罗马人玩一种叫做paganica的游戏，用弯曲的棍子击打塞满羽毛和羊毛的球，而荷兰人在13世纪早期就玩一种叫做colf的棍球游戏。根据played和as early as the 13th century可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，定语从句的主语a ball和hit为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was hit。 144．考查非谓语动词。句意：但迄今为止，关于高尔夫早期版本的最有趣的——在许多方面也是最有说服力的——证据来自中国。句子谓语动词是comes from，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词evidence，document和与其逻辑主语evidence为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填documented。 145．考查副词。句意：玩家们用十根球杆将木球击向颜色鲜艳的旗帜——听起来很熟悉吧？修饰形容词coloured需用副词brightly“明亮地；鲜明地”作状语。故填brightly。 146．考查介词。句意：他们有一种用于长距离的球杆，是现代一号木杆的前身，而发球台在英语中被称为“ji”或“base”。in English为固定短语，意为“用英语”。故填in。 147．考查动词时态。句意：它制定了规则，并非常强调体育精神和正确的行为——类似于现代高尔夫。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，lay的过去式是laid，lay out为固定搭配，意为“制定，列出”。故填laid。 148．考查名词。句意同上。空处需填emphasize的名词形式emphasis作宾语，place emphasis on为固定短语，意为“强调”。故填emphasis。 149．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一本古籍中还提到南唐的一位官员告诉他的女儿“在地上挖洞”，这样他就可以用一根特殊的棍子把球打进洞里。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词official，tell与其逻辑主语official为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填telling。 150．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种运动在清朝时期似乎在中国已经消亡，但它无疑是一种皇室和古老的运动。seem to do sth.为固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，根据during the Qing dynasty可知，此处表示已经消亡，需用动词不定式的完成式to have done。故填to have died。 ( 第 1 页 共 13 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $