第02讲 八年级下册Unit 1 Time to Relax 语法、写作篇（寒假预习讲义）八年级英语新教材人教版

第02讲 八年级下册Unit 1 Time to Relax 语法、写作篇（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 语法（动词不定式） （一）动词不定式的结构 (1) 肯定式：to + 动词原形（有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义） It’s nice to meet you. (2) 否定式：not + (to +) 动词原形 He told me not to leave this room （二）动词不定式的句法功能 知识点1. 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： ① It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。 ② It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂ To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 【注意】在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 知识点2. 作宾语 （1）动词plan、hope、decide、want等后常接动词不定式作宾语。 I want to learn more about the Sanxingdui Ruins site. 我想要多了解三星堆遗址。 （2）有些及物动词要跟复合宾语，如果是动词不定式作宾语，要把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置，真正的宾语（动词不定式）放在宾语补足语之后。 I think it interesting to talk with him. 我觉得跟他说话很有意思。 知识点3. 作宾语补足语 （1）动词ask、teach、tell、advise、invite等后接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 Mr Smith advised us not to stay by the lake. 史密斯先生建议我们不要待在湖边。 （2）使役动词(let、make、have等)和感官动词(see、hear、watch、feel、notice等)后接不带 to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 That funny boy often makes us laugh. 那个滑稽的男孩儿经常使我们大笑。 I often see the girl go home alone. 我经常看见那个女孩独自回家。 （3）动词help后作宾语补足语的动词不定式可带to, 也可不带to。 Do you often help your mother (to) do the housework? 你经常帮助你妈妈做家务吗？ 知识点4. 作状语 动词不定式可作状语, 表示目的、原因、结果等, 可位于句首或句尾。 We get together to practice speaking English every Friday. 我们每周五聚在一起练习说英语。 To keep healthy, I run an hour every day. 为了保持健康，我每天跑步一小时。 I’m so happy to hear from my best friend. 我很高兴能收到我最好的朋友的来信。 5.作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 【注意】如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 The room is big enough for 10 people to live in . 这个房间大到足够给10个人住。 知识点6. 作表语 表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。 What she likes is watching/to watch children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 My wish is to become a good teacher. 我的愿望就是要当个好老师。 （三）动词不定式的特殊用法 1. 使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，则要加上to。 2. 动词不定式的否定形式是not to do。 Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 3. 常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 随堂训练 1．— I often have hamburgers for lunch. — You’d better not. It’s bad for you ________ too much junk food. A．eat B．eating C．to eat D．ate 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我午餐经常吃汉堡包。——你最好不要。吃太多垃圾食品对你有害。 考查非谓语动词。eat吃，动词原形；eating吃，动名词或现在分词形式；to eat吃，动词不定式；ate吃，过去式。根据句子结构可知，该句中使用了句型“It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”“对于某人来说做某事是……的”，应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故选C。 2．It’s important ________ animals. A．save B．saves C．to save D．saving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：拯救动物是很重要的。 考查非谓语动词。save拯救，动词原形；saves拯救，动词第三人称单数形式；to save拯救，动词不定式；saving拯救，动名词或现在分词。“It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……”，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，所以此处用“to save”。故选C。 3．It’s difficult ______ the top of the blackboard. A．clean B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：黑板顶部很难清理。 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定句型It’s+形容词+to do sth“做某事是怎么样的”，空处用不定式作真正主语。故选B。 4．________ our duty ________ the classroom clean. A．It’s; keep B．That’s; to keep C．It’s; to keep D．It’s; keeping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：保持教室干净是我们的责任。 考查it作形式主语和非谓语动词。It’s它是；That’s那是；keep保持，动词原形；to keep保持，动词不定式；keeping保持，动名词或现在分词。根据“... our duty ... the classroom clean.”可知，该句使用了句型“It’s one’s duty to do sth.”表示“做某事是某人的责任”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故选C。 5．—Look at the rubbish. It’s careless ________ you ________ it here. —Sorry. I will pick it up right away. A．of; to leave B．for; to leave C．of; leaving D．for; leaving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——看这些垃圾。你把它留在这里真是太粗心了。 ——对不起。我马上把它捡起来。 考查固定句型及非谓语动词。“It’s + adj. + of + sb. + to do sth.”表示“某人做某事是……的”，其中形容词描述人的品质或性格；“It’s + adj. + for + sb. + to do sth.”表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，其中形容词描述事物的性质。此处“careless”是描述人的品质，应用介词of；且句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，因此第二空用to leave。故选A。 6．She decided ________ some English clubs and practice her spoken English. A．join B．joined C．joining D．to join 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她决定加入一些英语俱乐部来练习她的英语口语。 考查非谓语动词。join加入，动词原形；joined动词过去式；joining动名词/现在分词；to join动词不定式。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，固定搭配，此处要用动词不定式作宾语。故选D。 7．As soon as the school bell rings, the kids can’t wait ________ out to play football on the playground. A．going B．go C．to go D．went 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学校铃声一响，孩子们就迫不及待地出去到操场上踢足球。 考查非谓语动词。going动名词/现在分词；go动词原形；to go动词不定式；went动词过去式。根据固定短语“can’t wait to do sth.”可知，此处需填动词不定式。故选C。 8．Qiqi hopes ________ medicine in Sichuan University. A．studies B．studying C．to study D．study 【答案】C 【详解】句意：琪琪希望去四川大学学医。 考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth“希望做某事”，动词短语，此处应用to study。故选C。 9．The Internet makes ________ possible for everyone ________ education anywhere and anytime. A．it; get B．it; getting C．that; to get D．it; to get 【答案】D 【详解】句意：互联网使每个人在任何时间任何地点获得教育成为可能。 考查it的固定句型。此处是结构make it possible for sb. to do sth.“使做某事对某人来说是可能的”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。故选D。 10．My good friend will come back from Germany soon. I expect ________ her. A．seeing B．saw C．see D．to see 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的好朋友很快就会从德国回来了。我很期待见到她。 考查非谓语。expect to do“期待做某事”，是固定搭配，空处应是不定式to see。故选D。 11．Tom’s dream is ________ a volunteer so that he can help those people ________. A．to be, in need B．being, with need C．being, in need D．to be, in needing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆的梦想是成为一名志愿者，这样他就可以帮助那些有需要的人。 考查非谓语动词和介词短语。to be成为，动词不定式；being成为，现在分词或动名词；in need有需要的；with need有需要；in needing错误表达。根据“Tom’s dream is…a volunteer”可知，汤姆的梦想是成为一名志愿者，be动词后应跟动词不定式作表语，表示将来的动作或状态，所以第一空应填to be；根据“he can help those people…”可知，他可以帮助那些有需要的人，in need“有需要的”，固定短语，所以第二空应填in need。故选A。 12．Mr. Li’s job is________this company. A．in charge of B．take charge of C．to be in charge of D．be in charge of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：李先生的工作是管理这家公司。 考查短语辨析。in charge of负责，介词短语；take charge of负责，动词短语；to be in charge of负责，动词不定式；be in charge of负责，动词短语。此处应用动词不定式表示李先生的工作是管理这家公司。故选C。 13．His dream is _________ other young people who stutter. A．to help B．help C．helps D．helped 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他的梦想是帮助其他口吃的年轻人。 考查非谓语动词。根据“His dream is”可知，设空处需要用不定式作表语。故选A。 14．Marie Curie was the first person ________ two Nobel Prizes, and many think of her as ________ scientist of all time. A．to win; a great B．winning; a great C．to win; the greatest D．winning; the greatest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽·居里是第一个获得两项诺贝尔奖的人，许多人认为她是有史以来最伟大的科学家。 考查非谓语动词及形容词最高级。to win赢得，动词不定式；a great 一个伟大的，形容词原级；winning赢得，现在分词；the greatest最伟大的，形容词最高级。根据“Marie Curie was the first person...two Nobel Prizes”可知，the first person to do sth.意为“第一个做某事的人”；of all time表示范围，在这个范围内进行比较要用最高级。故选C。 15．The Mid-Autumn Festival is a good time for Chinese families ________ together. A．getting B．got C．to getting D．to get 【答案】D 【详解】句意：中秋节对中国家庭来说是团聚的好时候。 考查非谓语动词。根据“a good time…to get together”可知，此处用不定式作后置定语修饰time，表示“做某事的时间”。故选D。 16．At present my family has enough rooms ___________. A．for live B．living in C．to live in D．living 【答案】C 【详解】句意：目前我家有足够的房间住。 考查非谓语动词。live in“居住在”，动词短语；根据“has enough rooms”可知，此处是指有足够用来居住的房间，应用动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词“rooms”，即enough rooms to live in。故选C。 17．What is the best way ________ out the math problem? A．work B．working C．to work D．to working 【答案】C 【详解】句意：解决这道数学题的最好方法是什么？ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词，根据“What is the best way…out the math problem?”的语境可知，此处用不定式结构，作后置定语，修饰“the best way”。故选C。 18．The best time ________ your teeth is ten minutes after meals. A．brush B．to brush C．brushes D．to brushing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：刷牙的最佳时间是饭后10分钟。 考查非谓语形式。brush动词原形；to brush动词不定式；brushes动词三单；to brushing介词to+动名词。固定短语the best time to do sth“做某事最佳时机”，故用to brush。故选B。 19．We don’t permit ________ here. But you are permitted ________ in the garden. A．smoking; to smoke B．to smoke; to smoke C．smoking; smoking D．to smoke; smoking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们不允许在这里吸烟，但允许你在花园里吸烟。 考查非谓语动词。permit doing sth“允许做某事”，空一处用动名词作宾语；空二处是sb be permitted to do sth“某人被允许做某事”，用不定式作主语补足语。故选A。 20．Daniel was made ________ the streets because he didn’t obey the rules. A．to clean B．cleaning C．clean D．to be cleaning 【答案】A 【详解】句意：丹尼尔被要求打扫街道，因为他不遵守规则。 考查非谓语动词。be made to do sth.“被迫做某事”，是固定搭配，根据“Daniel was made…the streets because he didn’t obey the rules.”的语境并结合选项可知，此处指被要求打扫街道，A项符合。故选A。 21．—Does she like singing English songs? —Yes. She is often heard ________ English songs in her room. A．sing B．singing C．sung D．to sing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——她喜欢唱英文歌吗？——是的。经常听到她在房间里唱英文歌。 考查动词不定式作主语补足语。hear sb do sth“听见某人做了某事”；hear sb doing sth“听见某人正在做某事”。主语she和谓语动词heard之间是被动语态，故要使用动词不定式to do作主语补足语。故选D。 22．—In the past the children were made ________ 15 hours a day. —Then we made the law ________ them. A．working; protecting B．to work; to protect C．to work; protecting D．working; to protect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——过去孩子们被迫每天工作15个小时。——然后我们制定法律保护他们。 考查不定式结构。根据“make sb. do”使某人做某事，改为被动语态时，必须还原动词不定式符号to，也就是be made to do，排除AD，第二个空是不定式结构表示目的，所以排除C。故选B。 23．—Do you often see William ________ on the playground? —No, but he is often seen ________ Chinese Kongfu in the park. A．run; to play B．run; play C．running; play D．running; to play 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你经常看见William在操场上跑步吗？——不，我经常看见他在公园里练中国功夫。 考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做了某事”，强调做某事的全过程，或者表述客观事实；see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，强调正在进行。根据“Do you often see William...on the playground?”可知，此处强调做某事的全过程，第一个空用run；根据“he is often seen...Chinese Kongfu in the park”可知，此处是含有感官动词的被动语态，此时to要还原，所以第二个空用to play。故选A。 24．My mother wants me ________ milk every day. A．drink B．drinks C．drinking D．to drink 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妈妈希望我每天喝牛奶。 考查非谓语动词。drink喝，动词原形；drinks第三人称单数形式；drinking现在分词或动名词形式；to drink动词不定式形式。根据题干可知，本句考查want的用法，want sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to drink作宾语补足语。故选D。 25．Online museums allow people ________ art from the comfort of their homes. A．to experience B．experiencing C．to experiencing D．experience 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在线博物馆让人们能够在舒适的家中领略艺术的魅力。 考查非谓语动词。 allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，故选A。 26．My teacher advised me ________ my homework early so that I wouldn’t have to rush it later. A．start B．to start C．started D．starting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的老师建议我早点开始做作业，这样之后就不用赶了。 考查动词不定式作宾补。advise sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“建议某人做某事”，因此空格处需用不定式“to start”。故选B。 27．His father wants him ________ a doctor in the future. A．is B．are C．be D．to be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他的父亲希望他将来成为一名医生。 考查非谓语动词。is系动词单数；are系动词复数；be系动词原形；to be动词不定式。want sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”。故选D。 28．Miss Li is very funny. She often makes her students _________. A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing D．laughed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：李老师很有趣。她经常让学生们哈哈大笑。 考查非谓语动词。根据“makes her students”可知，此处应用动词短语make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。 29．Parents always do whatever they can ________ a clean and comfortable environment for us. A．provide B．to provide C．providing D．provides 【答案】B 【详解】句意：父母总是尽他们所能为我们提供一个干净舒适的环境。 考查非谓语动词。provide动词原形；to provide动词不定式；providing动名词或现在分词；provides动词三单形式。根据“Parents always do whatever they can...a clean and comfortable environment for us.”可知，这里说父母总是尽他们所能为我们提供一个干净舒适的环境，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。 30．—My father has tried every possible way he can think of ________. But he’s still feeling tired. —Don’t worry. Maybe he needs a holiday. A．relaxing B．to relaxing C．to relax D．relax 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我爸爸已经尝试了他能想到的所有可能的方法来放松。但他仍然感觉很累。——别担心。也许他需要一个假期。 考查非谓语动词的用法。句中“he can think of”是定语从句，修饰先行词“every possible way”，主句的谓语动词是“has tried”，此处需要不定式作目的状语，因此这里应使用“to relax”，说明“尝试所有方法”的目的是“放松”。故选C。 31．You can use a computer ________ you with calculations. A．to help B．helping C．help D．to helping 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你可以用电脑来帮助你进行计算。 考查非谓语动词。to help动词不定式；helping动名词；help动词原形；to helping介词to+动名词。根据“You can use a computer...you with calculations.”可知，此处是在描述使用电脑的目的是帮助计算，所以应该用动词不定式“to help”作目的状语。故选A。 32．My brother often ________ his dictionary ________ the meaning of the new word. A．uses; to look in B．use; to look in C．use; for looking up D．uses; to look up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我哥哥经常用字典查新单词的意思。 考查动词时态和短语搭配。look in顺便访问；look up查阅。第一空主语为“My brother”，是第三人称单数，且时态为一般现在时，动词需用三单形式。第二空表示“去查阅”，用不定式表示目的，look up表示“查阅”。故选D。 33．________ the final exam, Jack refused ________ with his friends last weekend. A．To pass; to go out B．Passing; going out C．To pass; going out D．Passing; to go out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了通过期末考试，上周末Jack拒绝与朋友外出。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Jack refused...with his friends last weekend.”可知，这里表示目的，用不定式“To pass the final exam”最恰当，表示“为了通过期末考试”。“refuse”后接不定式“to go out”表示拒绝去做某事，也是常用搭配，故空格处应分别填“To pass”和“to go out”。故选A。 34．We are glad ________ that traditional Chinese medicine can work wonders in preventing some diseases. A．know B．to know C．knowing D．knows 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们很高兴知道中医在预防某些疾病方面有奇效。 考查非谓语动词。be glad to do sth“很高兴做某事”，故选B。 35．I was ________ to ________ the bus. A．enough lucky; catch B．lucky enough; catch C．enough lucky; catching D．lucky enough; catching 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我足够幸运，赶上了公交车。 考查enough及不定式的用法。enough修饰形容词/副词时，放在形容词/副词后面，故排除A和C；分析句子结构可知，第二空是不定式to do结构作状语，可排除D。故选B。 36．The children were so happy to ________ some birds’ eggs in the forest. A．invent B．discover C．inventing D．discovering 【答案】B 【详解】句意：孩子们很高兴在森林里发现了一些鸟蛋。 考查动词辨析。invent发明；discover发现；inventing发明（现在分词）；discovering发现（现在分词）。根据“...some birds’ eggs in the forest”可知，指的是孩子们在森林里“发现”鸟蛋，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故选B。 37．Everybody in our class thinks he is easy ________. A．to get on B．to get on with C．for getting on D．getting on with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们班的每个人都认为与他相处是容易的。 考查动词短语。get on with sb.与某人和睦相处；get on上车。又根据“Everybody in our class thinks he is easy...”可知，此处表示与他相处是容易的，故排除选项A和C；be easy to do sth.“做某事容易”，因此填不定式。故选B。 38．Although Linda felt sad ________ certain toys, she gave many to children ______. A．to part with, in need B．part with, in need C．part with, of need D．to part with, on need 【答案】A 【详解】 句意：虽然琳达要舍弃某些玩具而感觉很伤心，但她还是把许多玩具给了有需要的孩子。 考查非谓语动词和介词短语。第一空应用动词不定式表示原因，即感觉伤心是因为要舍弃某些玩具；第二空表示把玩具给有需要的孩子，in need有需要的，为固定短语，在句中作后置定语修饰“children”。故选A。 39．—The table is ______ heavy for me ________ carry. —Let me give you a hand. A．as; as B．too; to C．so; that D．such; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这张桌子太重了，我搬不动。——让我来帮你吧。 考查固定用法。as...as和……一样；too...to太……而不能，to后加动词原形；so...that如此……以至于，that后加从句；such...that如此……以至于，that后加从句。根据“The table is ... heavy for me ... carry.”可知，桌子太重而搬不动，carry是动词原形，故“too...to”符合语境和用法。故选B。 40．Our English teacher is patient enough ________ much time ________ grammar rules to us. A．spend; explaining B．spending; to explain C．to spend; explaining D．to spend; explain 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师足够耐心，愿意花很多时间给我们讲解语法规则。 考查非谓语动词。be patient enough to do sth.表示“足够耐心做某事”，后跟不定式。spend time doing sth.表示“花时间做某事”，后跟动名词。因此第一个空应填to spend，第二个空应填explaining。故选C。 单元写作 本单元的主题是“闲暇时间的活动”,要求学生能够运用所学的词汇、语法及句式描述个人在休闲时间的爱好,并探讨放松对生活的重要性。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①休闲活动的类型与内容(如运动、艺术、科技等);②参与活动的体验与感受;③兴趣爱好对个人成长的积极影响。 中考书面表达与此主题相关的命题形式多样,例如在论坛回帖中分享个人爱好、撰写日记记录兴趣培养过程、通过书信向朋友推荐有益的休闲活动等。写作内容通常涵盖以下要点:休闲活动的类型与细节,结合个人经历说明兴趣的起源,强调兴趣爱好对身心健康、技能提升或人际交往的作用等。 1.写作实例 　　在繁忙的学习生活中,你是如何度过宝贵的空闲时间的呢?有没有哪件事能够让你放松身心,给你带来乐趣和自信呢?请以“One thing I always do in my free time”为题,根据以下要点和要求,用英语写一篇短文,介绍自己在空闲时间总是做的一件事。 要点:(1)你在空闲时间喜欢做什么事? (2)你为什么喜欢做这件事? (3)你从这件事中收获了什么? 要求:1.参考提示内容,可适当发挥;2.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整;3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名、地名等);4.词数不少于80。 One thing I always do in my free time 2.审题指导 1.体裁:记叙文    2.时态:以一般现在时为主    3.人称:以第一人称和第三人称为主 4.必备词句: ①balance study and life 平衡学习与生活　 ②discover hidden talents 发现隐藏的才能 ③explore new routes 探索新的路线　 ④I find it fun to explore new routes, and it makes me really happy when I reach the top of a hill after a tough climb. 我发现探索新的路线很有趣,当我经过艰难的攀登到达山顶时,我真的很开心。 ⑤This hobby not only keeps me healthy but also teaches me to embrace challenges bravely.这个爱好不仅使我保持健康,而且教会我勇敢地迎接挑战。 谋篇布局 优秀范文 One thing I always do in my free time Hobbies are like keys to a peaceful mind. They help me balance study and life while I discover hidden talents. My favourite free-time activity is cycling. I started this activity when I was nine, after receiving a blue bicycle as a gift. At first, I wobbled and fell often, but my father taught me to keep trying. Now, I ride through parks and quiet streets every weekend.It lets me feel the wind on my face and enjoy nature’s beauty. Watching cherry blossoms while cycling in spring always lifts my spirits. I find it fun to explore new routes, and it makes me really happy when I reach the top of a hill after a tough climb. Cycling also helps me stay energetic and focused on school tasks. This hobby not only keeps me healthy but also teaches me to embrace challenges bravely. Every ride reminds me that effort leads to rewarding views. 一．单项选择 1．—Can we have snacks in the computer room? —No. I think our teacher won’t allow us ________ them. A．eat B．to eat C．ate D．eating 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们可以在机房吃零食吗？——不。我想我们的老师不会允许我们吃它们。 考查非谓语动词。根据空格前“allow us”可知，此处考查：allow sb to do sth“允许做某事”，固定搭配，所以应该填入不定式to eat，作宾语补足语。故选B。 2．—Peter will enter the English competition tomorrow. —He is good at speaking English. I expect him ________. A．win B．winning C．to win D．won 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——彼得明天要参加英语竞赛。——他擅长说英语，我期待他获胜。 考查非谓语动词。expect sb. to do sth. 意为“期待某人做某事”，因此空格处应填动词不定式的to win。故选C。 3．We should do everything we can ________ the animals in danger. A．save B．saved C．saving D．to save 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该尽一切努力去拯救处于危险中的动物。 考查非谓语动词。根据“do everything we can”和“the animals in danger”可知，此处需要动词不定式“to save”作目的状语，表示我们做一切能做的事情是为了拯救处于危险中的动物。故选D。 4．The students plan ________a farewell party next week. A．hold B．holds C．to hold D．holding 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生们计划下周举办一场告别派对。 考查非谓语。plan to do sth“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 5．—I have a sore throat. Should I go to the doctor? —Well, I think you just need ________ some hot tea with honey. A．drank B．to drink C．to drinking D．drinking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我喉咙痛。我应该去看医生吗？——嗯，我觉得你只需要喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。 考查非谓语。need to do sth表示“需要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选B。 6．I bought a big box ________ books for kids in Africa. A．collects B．to collect C．collect D．collected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我买了一个大箱子用来收集给非洲孩子们的书籍。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I bought a big box”和“books for kids”可知，买大箱子的目的是收集书籍。空处表示目的，用动词不定式to collect。故选B。 7．The teachers asked us ________ football on the street. A．don’t play B．not play C．not to play D．to not 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师让我们不要在街上踢足球。 考查动词不定式的否定形式。ask sb not to do sth“让某人不要做某事”，因此此处需用“not to play”。故选C。 8．Our school library allows students ________ up to five books at a time. A．to borrow B．borrow C．borrowing D．borrowed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校图书馆允许学生一次最多借五本书。 考查非谓语动词。to borrow动词不定式；borrow借，动词原形；borrowing动名词或现在分词；borrowed过去式。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，空处用动词不定式。故选A。 9．—Did you enjoy yourself last weekend? —Yes. Lingling invited me ________ strawberries on her grandparents’ farm. A．picking B．picked C．pick D．to pick 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——上周末过得愉快吗？——是的。玲玲邀请了我去她爷爷奶奶的农场摘草莓。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Lingling invited me”可知，考查invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”，为固定短语，因此需要填动词不定式“to pick”，故选D。 10．The boy was made ________ the streets without money in the old days. A．clean B．cleaned C．be cleaned D．to clean 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去，那个男孩被迫无偿打扫街道。 考查动词不定式作宾补。在主动语态中，使役动词make后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，即“make sb. do sth.”结构，表示“使某人做某事”；但在被动语态中，原来省略的to要还原，即变为“be made to do sth.”结构。原句中“The boy was made...”是被动语态结构，意思是“这个男孩被使得……”，所以此处要用“to clean”。故选D。 11．—Dale, could you please remind me ________ the windows after school? —No problem. A．close B．closed C．to close D．to closing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Dale，你放学后能提醒我关窗户吗？——没问题。 考查非谓语动词。“remind sb. to do sth.”表示“提醒某人做某事”，因此此处应用动词不定式“to close”作宾语补足语。故选C。 12．Alice always writes down her mistakes in her notebook, and she hopes not ________ the same mistake again. A．make B．to make C．making D．makes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：爱丽丝总是把她的错误写在笔记本上，她希望不要再犯同样的错误。 考查非谓语动词。根据“she hopes not”可知，hope (not) to do sth.意为“希望(不)做某事”，其中“to do”为不定式作宾语。故选B。 13．In our free time, we can make plans ________ the sick children in the hospital. A．to help B．help C．helped D．helping 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在我们空闲的时候，我们可以制定计划去帮助医院里的生病的孩子。 考查非谓语动词。to help（去帮助，动词不定式）；help（帮助，动词原形）；helped（帮助，动词过去式 / 过去分词）；helping（帮助，动名词 / 现在分词）。“make plans to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“制定计划做某事”，此处用动词不定式表目的。故选A。 14．It’s really kind ________ the students ________ a charity sale for the homeless cats. A．for; to organize B．for; organizing C．of; to organize D．of; organizing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生们为无家可归的猫组织了一次义卖，他们真是太好了。 考查it固定句型。该句考查固定句型“It is+形容词+of/for+sb+to do sth”的用法，本句中的形容词“kind”修饰人的品质，第一空填of；第二空填不定式作真正的主语。故选C。 15．Lucy is confident enough ________ in front of the whole class during the English speech contest. A．to speak B．speaks C．speaking D．spoke 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在英语演讲比赛中，露西有足够的信心在全班同学面前演讲。 考查非谓语动词。“形容词+enough+to do sth”是一个常见结构，表示“足够……以至于可以做某事”，因此填不定式。故选A。 二．写作 下表是哈尔滨市某中学八年级学生业余活动的调查结果。假设你是李冰，你的英国笔友Mike看了这个调查结果以后想了解你是如何安排你的业余活动的。请你给他写一封回信，介绍你的业余活动, 并告诉他你喜欢该活动的原因。词数100左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 What do you do in your free time? Doing sports Reading books Using electronic products (电子产品) Taking art lessons Others 20% 15% 35% 10% 20% Dear Mike, How are you doing? Knowing that you’re interested in my free-time activities, let me tell you about them. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! Yours, Li Bing 【写作提示】 1.主题：业余活动安排 2.体裁：书信 3.人称：以第一人称和第三人称为主 4.时态：以一般现在时为主 5.要点：业余活动安排、喜欢该活动的原因 6.写作思路：开头介绍写信目的（已给出），接着介绍业余活动安排以及业余活动的益处，最后总结全文。 【范文】 Dear Mike, How are you doing? Knowing that you’re interested in my free-time activities, let me tell you about them. I like to spend my spare time doing sports. Sports keep me healthy, and they help me feel less stressed. They also make it easier for me to focus in class. After school, I usually play basketball or run in the park. Besides sports, I enjoy reading books in my free time. It’s a good way to relax, and it broadens my horizons. Reading not only makes my language skills better but also improves my thinking ability. In short, I spend most of my free time doing sports and reading. I think these activities help me grow. Best wishes! Yours, Li Bing 　　学校举办英语演讲比赛,请参考以下内容提示,以“My Hobby”为题写一篇介绍你的业余爱好的演讲稿。 内容提示:1.What’s your favorite hobby in your free time? 2.Why do you like it best? 3.What do you learn from it? 注意:(1)短文须包括以上所有内容提示,可适当发挥;(2)文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名;(3)词数不少于80。 My Hobby 【范文】 My Hobby Good morning, everyone! Having a hobby is important because it helps us relax after study and makes our life more colorful. Today, I want to share my favorite hobby with you. My hobby is reading. I spend at least 30 minutes reading every day.I enjoy it because books take me to different worlds. Through reading, I can visit ancient Egypt, talk with wise people, and even travel to space! What I like most is that reading teaches me new words and ideas quietly. Last month, I won our school book report competition because of my daily reading habit. From this hobby, I’ve learned that small daily efforts can bring big results. Reading also makes me understand different cultures better. Let’s all find a hobby we love and grow with it! Thank you. 知识导图记忆 动词不定式的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us =It is not easy for us to speak English. 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday. =To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play? —He likes to play basketball. 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）。 I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 一．填空题 1．We should encourage teens (help) the old. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：我们应该鼓励青少年帮助老年人。“encourage sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，“to help”在句中作宾语补足语，补充说明“encourage”的对象“teens”要做的事。故填to help。 2．Please allow me (introduce) myself. I’m Sam from the U.S. 【答案】to introduce 【详解】句意：请允许我介绍一下我自己。我是来自美国的山姆。根据“Please allow me ... (introduce) myself.”可知，此处考查固定短语allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，空格处需填动词不定式形式。故填to introduce。 3．I think it’s our duty (protect) the environment. 【答案】to protect 【详解】句意：我认为保护环境是我们的责任。protect保护，动词。“it’s one’s duty to do sth.”(做某事是某人的责任)，固定句型。句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，因此动词protect需用不定式形式to protect。故填to protect。 4．The 15-minute class break gives students more time and get ready for the next class. (relax) 【答案】to relax 【详解】句意：15分钟的课间休息给学生更多时间放松并为下一节课做准备。relax“放松”，动词；此处应用不定式to relax，作目的状语。故填to relax。 5．Don’t hurry (make) a decision! 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：不要急着做决定！“hurry to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“匆忙做某事，急着做某事”，所以这里要用动词make的不定式形式to make。故填to make。 6．We can’t afford (make) any mistakes because it is an important task. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：我们承担不起犯任何错误，因为这是一项重要的任务。afford to do sth.表示“承担得起做某事”，固定词组。故填to make。 7．My parents don’t allow me (go) to the party. 【答案】to go 【详解】句意：我的父母不允许我去参加派对。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to go。故填to go。 8．Please don’t let her (waste) time anymore. 【答案】waste 【详解】句意：请不要再让她浪费时间了。let sb do sth“让某人做某事”。故填waste。 9．The teacher encouraged the students (ask) questions in class. 【答案】to ask 【详解】句意：老师鼓励学生在课堂上提问。根据“encouraged the students”可知，考查encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，所以此处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to ask。 10．Our teacher always encourages us (study) hard and never give up. 【答案】to study 【详解】句意：我们的老师总是鼓励我们努力学习，永不放弃。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to study。 11．In the face of difficulties, we should encourage each other (stay) positive. 【答案】to stay 【详解】句意：面对困难时，我们应该互相鼓励以保持积极。encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定用法。stay的动词不定式为to stay。故填to stay。 12．It’s easy (understand) the question. 【答案】to understand 【详解】句意：这个问题很容易理解。“It’s+形容词+to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”；此处用动词不定式to understand作真正的主语，it为形式主语。故填to understand。 13．Don’t forget to the main character in your story. (description) 【答案】describe 【详解】句意：不要忘记在你的故事中描述主角。forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”，固定搭配，所以这里应用动词原形，应将description改为其动词形式describe“描述”。故填describe。 14．It is not a bad way to (explanation) what water is. 【答案】explain 【详解】句意：这是解释什么是水的一个不错的方法。根据“It is not a bad way to…what water is.”以及提示词可知，这是解释什么是水的一个不错的方法，explain“解释”，动词；不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填explain。 15．He did his best (change) his reading habits. 【答案】to change 【详解】句意：他尽最大努力去改变他的阅读习惯。do one’s best to do sth.“尽某人最大努力做某事”，所以此处要用动词不定式形式。故填to change。 二．语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺连贯。 Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi province. It lies in 1 north of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 2 (give) it the name Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved its great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 3 (build) their ancient capitals. Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still left in China, is a good example. It 4 (go) around the city and is an important cultural site. In central Xi’an there is the Bell Tower—the 5 (large) bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed as an emergency alarm to warn of danger, 6 it was very often used to tell people the time. While Xi’an is a city 7 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best 8 (know) as a center for software research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 9 (city). Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 (it) and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past. 【答案】1．the 2．gave 3．building 4．goes 5．largest 6．but 7．with 8．known 9．cities 10．itself 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了西安的历史地位、文化古迹以及在现代作为软件研究等中心的重要性，展现了这座城市在传承与发展中的独特魅力。 1．句意：它位于中国的北方。in the north of是固定搭配，意为“在……的北方” ，表示方位时，north前要加定冠词the。故填the。 2．句意：他给它取名为长安。本文讲述过去的事情，时态为一般过去时，give的过去式是gave。故填gave。 3．句意：韩国和日本在建造它们古代都城时以西安为榜样。in是介词，后接动词-ing形式，build的-ing形式是building。故填building。 4．句意：它环绕着这座城市，是一处重要的文化遗址。本句陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语It是第三人称单数，谓语动词go要用第三人称单数形式goes。故填goes。 5．句意：西安中心有钟楼——中国现存最大的钟楼。根据空前的定冠词the和“in China”可知，这里表示“最大的”，用large的最高级largest。故填largest。 6．句意：这口钟最初被设计为紧急警报以警示危险，但它经常被用来告知人们时间。前后句是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 7．句意：虽然西安是一座历史悠久的城市，但它也是现代世界的重要组成部分。with表示“具有，带有”，with a long history意为“有着悠久的历史”，作后置定语修饰city。故填with。 8．句意：它作为软件研究、开发和服务中心最为人所知。be known as是固定搭配，意为“作为……而闻名”。故填known。 9．句意：从历史上看，西安一直是一座在艺术、工业和商业方面领先于许多其他城市的城市。other后接可数名词复数，city的复数形式是cities。故填cities。 10．句意：西安是一座不断重塑自我并展望未来的城市，同时保留着过去的精华。remake的宾语与主语Xi’an指同一事物，所以用反身代词itself。故填itself。 三．写作 爱好让我们的生活多姿多彩，也让我们受益无穷。假如你是李斌，你校下周将举办以“My Favorite Hobby”为题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示内容，用英语写一篇演讲稿参赛。 提示：1. What is your favorite hobby? 2. Why do you like this hobby best? 3. Will you turn this hobby into your job in the future? Why? 参考词汇：reading, collecting stamps, be interested in, relaxed, learn about, help sb. do,… 要求：1. 可使用参考词汇，亦可适当发挥； 2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3. 文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)； 4. 词数：不少于60词。(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数) My Favorite Hobby Good morning, everyone. It’s my great honor to stand here to talk about my hobby. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you. That’s all. 【答案】 例文 My Favorite Hobby Good morning, everyone. It’s my great honor to stand here to talk about my hobby. My favorite hobby is reading. I enjoy it because books help me learn about different cultures and make me feel relaxed. When I read, I can travel to new places in my mind. I like reading best for two reasons. Firstly, it expands my vocabulary. Secondly, it teaches me how to solve problems. For example, stories show me clever ways to face challenges. In the future, I hope to turn this hobby into my job as a writer. If I write books, I can share wonderful stories with others, just like how my favorite books help me. Thank you. That’s all. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为演讲稿； ②时态：以“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示的信息，适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇礼貌问候听众，表明演讲主题； 第二步，点明自己最喜欢的爱好是阅读，并说明阅读的好处和喜欢阅读的原因； 第三步，表达未来期望，希望将阅读爱好转化为作家职业； 第四步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①my favorite hobby我最喜欢的爱好 ②different cultures不同文化 ③feel relaxed感到放松 ④expand vocabulary扩充词汇量 ⑤solve problems解决问题 ⑥face challenges面对挑战 [高分句型] ①I enjoy it because books help me learn about different cultures and make me feel relaxed.（because引导的原因状语从句） ②When I read, I can travel to new places in my mind.（when引导的时间状语从句） ③If I write books, I can share wonderful stories with others, just like how my favorite books help me.（if引导的条件状语从句） 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 八年级下册Unit 1 Time to Relax 语法、写作篇（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 语法（动词不定式） （一）动词不定式的结构 (1) 肯定式：to + 动词原形（有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义） It’s nice to meet you. (2) 否定式：not + (to +) 动词原形 He told me not to leave this room （二）动词不定式的句法功能 知识点1. 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： ① It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。 ② It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂ To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 【注意】在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 知识点2. 作宾语 （1）动词plan、hope、decide、want等后常接动词不定式作宾语。 I want to learn more about the Sanxingdui Ruins site. 我想要多了解三星堆遗址。 （2）有些及物动词要跟复合宾语，如果是动词不定式作宾语，要把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置，真正的宾语（动词不定式）放在宾语补足语之后。 I think it interesting to talk with him. 我觉得跟他说话很有意思。 知识点3. 作宾语补足语 （1）动词ask、teach、tell、advise、invite等后接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 Mr Smith advised us not to stay by the lake. 史密斯先生建议我们不要待在湖边。 （2）使役动词(let、make、have等)和感官动词(see、hear、watch、feel、notice等)后接不带 to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 That funny boy often makes us laugh. 那个滑稽的男孩儿经常使我们大笑。 I often see the girl go home alone. 我经常看见那个女孩独自回家。 （3）动词help后作宾语补足语的动词不定式可带to, 也可不带to。 Do you often help your mother (to) do the housework? 你经常帮助你妈妈做家务吗？ 知识点4. 作状语 动词不定式可作状语, 表示目的、原因、结果等, 可位于句首或句尾。 We get together to practice speaking English every Friday. 我们每周五聚在一起练习说英语。 To keep healthy, I run an hour every day. 为了保持健康，我每天跑步一小时。 I’m so happy to hear from my best friend. 我很高兴能收到我最好的朋友的来信。 5.作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 【注意】如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 The room is big enough for 10 people to live in . 这个房间大到足够给10个人住。 知识点6. 作表语 表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。 What she likes is watching/to watch children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 My wish is to become a good teacher. 我的愿望就是要当个好老师。 （三）动词不定式的特殊用法 1. 使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，则要加上to。 2. 动词不定式的否定形式是not to do。 Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 3. 常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 随堂训练 1．— I often have hamburgers for lunch. — You’d better not. It’s bad for you ________ too much junk food. A．eat B．eating C．to eat D．ate 2．It’s important ________ animals. A．save B．saves C．to save D．saving 3．It’s difficult ______ the top of the blackboard. A．clean B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned 4．________ our duty ________ the classroom clean. A．It’s; keep B．That’s; to keep C．It’s; to keep D．It’s; keeping 5．—Look at the rubbish. It’s careless ________ you ________ it here. —Sorry. I will pick it up right away. A．of; to leave B．for; to leave C．of; leaving D．for; leaving 6．She decided ________ some English clubs and practice her spoken English. A．join B．joined C．joining D．to join 7．As soon as the school bell rings, the kids can’t wait ________ out to play football on the playground. A．going B．go C．to go D．went 8．Qiqi hopes ________ medicine in Sichuan University. A．studies B．studying C．to study D．study 9．The Internet makes ________ possible for everyone ________ education anywhere and anytime. A．it; get B．it; getting C．that; to get D．it; to get 10．My good friend will come back from Germany soon. I expect ________ her. A．seeing B．saw C．see D．to see 11．Tom’s dream is ________ a volunteer so that he can help those people ________. A．to be, in need B．being, with need C．being, in need D．to be, in needing 12．Mr. Li’s job is________this company. A．in charge of B．take charge of C．to be in charge of D．be in charge of 13．His dream is _________ other young people who stutter. A．to help B．help C．helps D．helped 14．Marie Curie was the first person ________ two Nobel Prizes, and many think of her as ________ scientist of all time. A．to win; a great B．winning; a great C．to win; the greatest D．winning; the greatest 15．The Mid-Autumn Festival is a good time for Chinese families ________ together. A．getting B．got C．to getting D．to get 16．At present my family has enough rooms ___________. A．for live B．living in C．to live in D．living 17．What is the best way ________ out the math problem? A．work B．working C．to work D．to working 18．The best time ________ your teeth is ten minutes after meals. A．brush B．to brush C．brushes D．to brushing 19．We don’t permit ________ here. But you are permitted ________ in the garden. A．smoking; to smoke B．to smoke; to smoke C．smoking; smoking D．to smoke; smoking 20．Daniel was made ________ the streets because he didn’t obey the rules. A．to clean B．cleaning C．clean D．to be cleaning 21．—Does she like singing English songs? —Yes. She is often heard ________ English songs in her room. A．sing B．singing C．sung D．to sing 22．—In the past the children were made ________ 15 hours a day. —Then we made the law ________ them. A．working; protecting B．to work; to protect C．to work; protecting D．working; to protect 23．—Do you often see William ________ on the playground? —No, but he is often seen ________ Chinese Kongfu in the park. A．run; to play B．run; play C．running; play D．running; to play 24．My mother wants me ________ milk every day. A．drink B．drinks C．drinking D．to drink 25．Online museums allow people ________ art from the comfort of their homes. A．to experience B．experiencing C．to experiencing D．experience 26．My teacher advised me ________ my homework early so that I wouldn’t have to rush it later. A．start B．to start C．started D．starting 27．His father wants him ________ a doctor in the future. A．is B．are C．be D．to be 28．Miss Li is very funny. She often makes her students _________. A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing D．laughed 29．Parents always do whatever they can ________ a clean and comfortable environment for us. A．provide B．to provide C．providing D．provides 30．—My father has tried every possible way he can think of ________. But he’s still feeling tired. —Don’t worry. Maybe he needs a holiday. A．relaxing B．to relaxing C．to relax D．relax 31．You can use a computer ________ you with calculations. A．to help B．helping C．help D．to helping 32．My brother often ________ his dictionary ________ the meaning of the new word. A．uses; to look in B．use; to look in C．use; for looking up D．uses; to look up 33．________ the final exam, Jack refused ________ with his friends last weekend. A．To pass; to go out B．Passing; going out C．To pass; going out D．Passing; to go out 34．We are glad ________ that traditional Chinese medicine can work wonders in preventing some diseases. A．know B．to know C．knowing D．knows 35．I was ________ to ________ the bus. A．enough lucky; catch B．lucky enough; catch C．enough lucky; catching D．lucky enough; catching 36．The children were so happy to ________ some birds’ eggs in the forest. A．invent B．discover C．inventing D．discovering 37．Everybody in our class thinks he is easy ________. A．to get on B．to get on with C．for getting on D．getting on with 38．Although Linda felt sad ________ certain toys, she gave many to children ______. A．to part with, in need B．part with, in need C．part with, of need D．to part with, on need 39．—The table is ______ heavy for me ________ carry. —Let me give you a hand. A．as; as B．too; to C．so; that D．such; that 40．Our English teacher is patient enough ________ much time ________ grammar rules to us. A．spend; explaining B．spending; to explain C．to spend; explaining D．to spend; explain 单元写作 本单元的主题是“闲暇时间的活动”,要求学生能够运用所学的词汇、语法及句式描述个人在休闲时间的爱好,并探讨放松对生活的重要性。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①休闲活动的类型与内容(如运动、艺术、科技等);②参与活动的体验与感受;③兴趣爱好对个人成长的积极影响。 中考书面表达与此主题相关的命题形式多样,例如在论坛回帖中分享个人爱好、撰写日记记录兴趣培养过程、通过书信向朋友推荐有益的休闲活动等。写作内容通常涵盖以下要点:休闲活动的类型与细节,结合个人经历说明兴趣的起源,强调兴趣爱好对身心健康、技能提升或人际交往的作用等。 1.写作实例 　　在繁忙的学习生活中,你是如何度过宝贵的空闲时间的呢?有没有哪件事能够让你放松身心,给你带来乐趣和自信呢?请以“One thing I always do in my free time”为题,根据以下要点和要求,用英语写一篇短文,介绍自己在空闲时间总是做的一件事。 要点:(1)你在空闲时间喜欢做什么事? (2)你为什么喜欢做这件事? (3)你从这件事中收获了什么? 要求:1.参考提示内容,可适当发挥;2.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整;3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名、地名等);4.词数不少于80。 One thing I always do in my free time 2.审题指导 1.体裁:记叙文    2.时态:以一般现在时为主    3.人称:以第一人称和第三人称为主 4.必备词句: ①balance study and life 平衡学习与生活　 ②discover hidden talents 发现隐藏的才能 ③explore new routes 探索新的路线　 ④I find it fun to explore new routes, and it makes me really happy when I reach the top of a hill after a tough climb. 我发现探索新的路线很有趣,当我经过艰难的攀登到达山顶时,我真的很开心。 ⑤This hobby not only keeps me healthy but also teaches me to embrace challenges bravely.这个爱好不仅使我保持健康,而且教会我勇敢地迎接挑战。 谋篇布局 优秀范文 One thing I always do in my free time Hobbies are like keys to a peaceful mind. They help me balance study and life while I discover hidden talents. My favourite free-time activity is cycling. I started this activity when I was nine, after receiving a blue bicycle as a gift. At first, I wobbled and fell often, but my father taught me to keep trying. Now, I ride through parks and quiet streets every weekend.It lets me feel the wind on my face and enjoy nature’s beauty. Watching cherry blossoms while cycling in spring always lifts my spirits. I find it fun to explore new routes, and it makes me really happy when I reach the top of a hill after a tough climb. Cycling also helps me stay energetic and focused on school tasks. This hobby not only keeps me healthy but also teaches me to embrace challenges bravely. Every ride reminds me that effort leads to rewarding views. 一．单项选择 1．—Can we have snacks in the computer room? —No. I think our teacher won’t allow us ________ them. A．eat B．to eat C．ate D．eating 2．—Peter will enter the English competition tomorrow. —He is good at speaking English. I expect him ________. A．win B．winning C．to win D．won 3．We should do everything we can ________ the animals in danger. A．save B．saved C．saving D．to save 4．The students plan ________a farewell party next week. A．hold B．holds C．to hold D．holding 5．—I have a sore throat. Should I go to the doctor? —Well, I think you just need ________ some hot tea with honey. A．drank B．to drink C．to drinking D．drinking 6．I bought a big box ________ books for kids in Africa. A．collects B．to collect C．collect D．collected 7．The teachers asked us ________ football on the street. A．don’t play B．not play C．not to play D．to not 8．Our school library allows students ________ up to five books at a time. A．to borrow B．borrow C．borrowing D．borrowed 9．—Did you enjoy yourself last weekend? —Yes. Lingling invited me ________ strawberries on her grandparents’ farm. A．picking B．picked C．pick D．to pick 10．The boy was made ________ the streets without money in the old days. A．clean B．cleaned C．be cleaned D．to clean 11．—Dale, could you please remind me ________ the windows after school? —No problem. A．close B．closed C．to close D．to closing 12．Alice always writes down her mistakes in her notebook, and she hopes not ________ the same mistake again. A．make B．to make C．making D．makes 13．In our free time, we can make plans ________ the sick children in the hospital. A．to help B．help C．helped D．helping 14．It’s really kind ________ the students ________ a charity sale for the homeless cats. A．for; to organize B．for; organizing C．of; to organize D．of; organizing 15．Lucy is confident enough ________ in front of the whole class during the English speech contest. A．to speak B．speaks C．speaking D．spoke 二．写作 下表是哈尔滨市某中学八年级学生业余活动的调查结果。假设你是李冰，你的英国笔友Mike看了这个调查结果以后想了解你是如何安排你的业余活动的。请你给他写一封回信，介绍你的业余活动, 并告诉他你喜欢该活动的原因。词数100左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 What do you do in your free time? Doing sports Reading books Using electronic products (电子产品) Taking art lessons Others 20% 15% 35% 10% 20% Dear Mike, How are you doing? Knowing that you’re interested in my free-time activities, let me tell you about them. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! Yours, Li Bing 　　学校举办英语演讲比赛,请参考以下内容提示,以“My Hobby”为题写一篇介绍你的业余爱好的演讲稿。 内容提示:1.What’s your favorite hobby in your free time? 2.Why do you like it best? 3.What do you learn from it? 注意:(1)短文须包括以上所有内容提示,可适当发挥;(2)文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名;(3)词数不少于80。 My Hobby 知识导图记忆 动词不定式的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us =It is not easy for us to speak English. 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday. =To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play? —He likes to play basketball. 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）。 I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 一．填空题 1．We should encourage teens (help) the old. 2．Please allow me (introduce) myself. I’m Sam from the U.S. 3．I think it’s our duty (protect) the environment. 4．The 15-minute class break gives students more time and get ready for the next class. (relax) 5．Don’t hurry (make) a decision! 6．We can’t afford (make) any mistakes because it is an important task. 7．My parents don’t allow me (go) to the party. 8．Please don’t let her (waste) time anymore. 9．The teacher encouraged the students (ask) questions in class. 10．Our teacher always encourages us (study) hard and never give up. 11．In the face of difficulties, we should encourage each other (stay) positive. 12．It’s easy (understand) the question. 13．Don’t forget to the main character in your story. (description) 14．It is not a bad way to (explanation) what water is. 15．He did his best (change) his reading habits. 二．语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺连贯。 Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi province. It lies in 1 north of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 2 (give) it the name Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved its great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 3 (build) their ancient capitals. Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still left in China, is a good example. It 4 (go) around the city and is an important cultural site. In central Xi’an there is the Bell Tower—the 5 (large) bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed as an emergency alarm to warn of danger, 6 it was very often used to tell people the time. While Xi’an is a city 7 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best 8 (know) as a center for software research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 9 (city). Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 (it) and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past. 三．写作 爱好让我们的生活多姿多彩，也让我们受益无穷。假如你是李斌，你校下周将举办以“My Favorite Hobby”为题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示内容，用英语写一篇演讲稿参赛。 提示：1. What is your favorite hobby? 2. Why do you like this hobby best? 3. Will you turn this hobby into your job in the future? Why? 参考词汇：reading, collecting stamps, be interested in, relaxed, learn about, help sb. do,… 要求：1. 可使用参考词汇，亦可适当发挥； 2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； 3. 文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)； 4. 词数：不少于60词。(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数) My Favorite Hobby Good morning, everyone. It’s my great honor to stand here to talk about my hobby. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you. That’s all. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $