Unit 4 Customs and Traditions A部分-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册期末词汇复习（沪外版）

期末词汇复习 必修第一册·沪外版·Unit4 CustomsandTraditionsA部分 一、 重点单词详解 1:responsibility 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.责任；义务：职责 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：response(n.回应) 动词：respond/r'spond/(vi.回应；负责) 形容词：responsible/r'sponsabl/(adj.负责的；有责任的) 名词：responsibility（由responsible+-iity构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(respond) respond to sb./sth.(回应/负责某人/某事) 1 espond with(以…回应) respond by doing sth..(通过做某事回应) 形容词（responsible) be responsible for(对…负责) be responsible to sb.(对某人负责) a1 esponsible person/job(负责任的人/工作) 名词(responsibility) take/shoulder/bear responsibility for(承担…的责任) sense of responsibility(责任感) have a responsibility to do sth.(有责任做某事) 四、拓展用法 可数/不可数差异：泛指？责任”不可数；特指”具体职责可数(（如many responsibilities) 固定句型：Itis one's responsibility to do sth.(做某事是某人的责任) 固定句型：hold sb.esponsible for sth.(认为某人对某事负责) 五、作文高级句型 Everyone must be responsible for their actions,for a strong sense of responsibility is key to a harmonious society. 最重要的是，每个人都应该对自己的行为负责，因为正是责任感促成了和谐的社会。 2:perform 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.履行执行；表演；表现 构词法（词性转换） 名词：performance/p3f6mns/(n.表演；表现：履行) 名词：performer/p3'fma(/(n.表演者；执行者) 三、 用法与常见搭配 及物动词 perform a task/duty(执行任务/履行职责) perform an experiment（做实验) perform a play(表演戏剧) 不及物动词 perform well/badly(表现好/差) perform on stage(在舞台上表演) 四、词义辨析 perform vs.do:perform强调按要求、标准完成较复杂的行动，如perform surgery（做手 术)；do为通用词，如do homework(做作业)。 五、作文高级句型 Only when we perform our duties wholeheartedly can we achieve our personal goals and con- tribute to society. 只有全心全意为履行我们的职责，我们才能实现个人目标并为社会做出贡献。 3:represent 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v,代表；象征；描述；主张 构词法（词性转换） 名词：representation/,reprIzen'tern/(n.代表；表现；描述) 名词：representative/,repr'zentatrv/(n.代表；代理人；adj.典型的；有代表性的) 形容词：representative(由动词represent+-ative构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 represent sb.sth.(代表某人/某物) represent...as..(把…描述为…) represent sth.tosb.(向某人说明某事) be represented by(由…代表) 四、词义辨析 represent vs.stand for:represent侧重于”代表某人/组织行使权利或表达意见，如 represent the class(代表班级)；stand for侧重于”符号、标志等象征意义”，如WTO” stands for World Trade Organization. 五、 作文高级句型 The red flag represents the courage and unity of the nation,inspiring generations to strive for a better future. 红旗象征着民族的勇气和团结，激励着一代又一代人为更美好的未来而奋斗。 4:vary 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.变化；改变；不同 构词法（词性转换） 名词：variety/va'rareti/(n.种类；多样性) 形容词：various/vearias/(adj.各种各样的；不同的) 形容词：variable/'veariab/(adj.可变的；易变的；n.变量) 副词：variously/'veariasli/(adv.不同地：多方面地) 三、 用法与常见搭配 vary from.to..（从…到…变化) vary with sth.(随某物变化) vary in sth.（在某方面不同) a variety of=various(各种各样的) 四、词义辨析 vary vs..changes:vay强调”在同一范畴内的差异或变化”，如Prices vary from shop to shop.（价格各不相同)；change强调”本质或状态的改变，如change the plan(改变计 划)。 五、作文高级句型 People's hobbies vary from reading to traveling,but the pursuit of happiness is the common goal. 人们的爱好从阅读到旅行各不相同，但追求幸福是共同的日标。 5:specific 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词（adj.) 核心义：ad.具体的；明确的；特定的；特有的 feeding、构词法（词性转换） 名词：specificity/,.spesI'fisati/(n.特异性；特殊性；明确性) 副词：specifically/sp'srfi/(adv.具体地；明确地；专门地) 名词：specification/,spesifi'kerfn/(n.规格；说明书；详述) 三、 用法与常见搭配 specific details(具体细节) specific instructions(明确指示) specific to.…（特定于…：对…特有的) be specific about(对…明确) 四、词义辨析 specific vs.particular:specific强调”详细、精确”，如give a specific example(举个具体 例子)；particular强调”个别、特定的”，如a particular person(某个特定的人)。 五、作文高级句型 To solve the problem effectively,we need to take specific measures based on the actual situa- tion. 为了有效解决这个问题，我们需要根据实际情况采取具体措施。 6:intellectual 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)、名词（n.) 核心义：adj.智力的；理智的有才智的；n.知识分子；脑力劳动者 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：intellect./'ntalekt//(n.智力；才智；知识分子) 副词：intellectually/nte'lekt fuali/(adv.智力上；理智地) 二、 用法与常见搭配 形容词 intellectual ability(智力) intellectual activities(智力活动) intellectual curiosity(求知a欲) 名词 an intellectual(一位知识分子) 四、词义辨析 intellectual vs.intelligent:intellectual强调”与智力、知识相关的”，如intellectual work (脑力工作)：intelligent强调”聪明的、有智慧的，如an intelligent child(聪明的孩子)。 五、作文高级句型 Reading classic literature not only enriches our knowledge but also enhances our intellectual capacity. 阅读经典文学不仅丰富我们的知识，还能提高我们的智力能力。 7:transition 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.过渡；转变；变迁；v.转变；过渡 二、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：transitional/traen'zIfonl/(adj.过渡的；转型的) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词 transition from.to.（从…到…的过渡)》 a period of transition（过渡时期) smooth transition（平稳过渡) 动词 transition to sth.（向某事过渡) transition into(转变为) 四、词义辨析 transition vs.change:ransition指”从一种状态、阶段到另一种状态、阶段的逐渐变化”， 如transition from childhood to adulthood(从童年到成年的过渡)：change泛指？任何” 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.As citizens,we have the to protect the environment. A)respond B)responsible C)responsibility D)response 2.The doctor managed to the operation successfully despite the difficulties A)perform B)do C)make D)carry 3.The red cross humanitarian aid in many disaster areas around the world. A)stands for B)represents C)presents D)performs 4.Prices of vegetables_with the seasons in this region. A)change B)vary C)turn D)alter 5.Please give medetails about your travel plan so I can arrange the accommodation. A)particular B)specific C)special D)especial 6.Reading widely is an effective way to improve your_abilities. A)intelligent B)intellectual C)wisdom D)mind 7.The company is going through a from traditional production to digital technology. A)change B)shift C)transition D)transformation 8.It is our to help those in need and contribute to society. A)duty B)responsible C)responsibility D)respond 9.The studentwell in the final exam and won a scholarship A)did B)performed C)acted D)behaved 10.The survey results should beof the entire population to ensure accuracy. A)representative B)representing C)representation D)represented (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.Her excellent_(perform)in the competition impressed all the judges. 2.We need to take(specifically)measures to solve this environmental problem. 3.A good leader should have a strong sense of(responsible). 4.The data shows a wide_(vary)in temperature between day and night. 5.The artist's work-(representation)the beauty of rural life 6.During the_(transition)period,we must remain patient and flexible. 7.She is known for her(intellect)curiosity and love for learning. 8.The committee elected two_(represent)to attend the conference. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Everyone must take r for their own choices and actions. 2.The theater will pa new play by a famous director next month. 3.The five-star red flag r the People's Republic of China. 4.The menu vslightly depending on the season and local ingredients. 5.For more s information about the project,please contact our office 6.The professor's lecture was full ofi insights into modern literature. 7.The country is in a period oft from a planned economy to a market economy. 8.The team's p in the championship game was better than expected. 9.A vof books are available in the school library,from novels to science journals. 10.She was chosen as the rof her class to speak at the graduation ceremony. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：C A BBBB CC B A 解析1（第1题）： 考查responsibility的固定用法。have the responsibil lity证to do sth.表示”有责任做某事”， 符合句意”作为公民，我们有责任保护环境”；respond是动词，responsible是形容词， response是名词但意为”回应”，均不符合语境，故选C。 解析2（第2题）： 考查perform的固定用法。perform an operation表示”做手术”，符合句意”尽管有困难， 医生还是成功完成了手术”；do为通用词，make和camy不与operation搭配，故选A。 解析3（第3题）： 考查represent的固定用法。represent表示”代表”，符合句意”红十字会在世界各地的许 多灾区代表人道主义援助”；stands for强调”象征意义”，presents表示”呈现”，performs 表示”执行”，均不符合语境，故选B。 2.补全句子答案： 1.performance 2.specific 3.responsibility 4.variety 5.represents 6.transitional 7.intellec- tual 8.representatives 3.首字母填空答案： 1.responsibility 2.perform 3.represents 4.varies 5.specific 6.intellectual 7.transition 8. performance 9.variety 10.representative 英语词汇复习手册·必修第一册·Unit4 Customs and Traditions A部分