Unit 6 When disaster strikes核心单词,词性转换,短语,语法,句型精练 - 2025-2026学年外研版（2024）八年级上册英语

Unit 6 When disaster strikes 试卷答案解析 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共20分） 1. universities 解析：“several”（几个）后接可数名词复数，“university”的复数形式为“universities”（以“y”结尾且“y”前为辅音字母，变“y”为“i”加“es”），故填“universities”。 2. service 解析：形容词“excellent”（出色的）后接名词，“serve”的名词形式为“service”（服务，不可数名词），故填“service”。 3. herself 解析：此处表示“她对自己说”，用反身代词，“she”的反身代词为“herself”，故填“herself”。 4. bleed 解析：“start to do sth.”（开始做某事）为固定搭配，“blood”（血液，名词）的动词形式为“bleed”（流血），故填“bleed”。 5. danger 解析：“in great danger”为固定短语（处于极大危险中），“dangerous”（危险的，形容词）的名词形式为“danger”，故填“danger”。 6. honesty 解析：形容词性物主代词“his”后接名词，“honest”（诚实的，形容词）的名词形式为“honesty”（不可数名词），故填“honesty”。 7. convenient 解析：此处作表语，需用形容词，“convenience”（便利，名词）的形容词形式为“convenient”（方便的），故填“convenient”。 8. payment 解析：“make a payment”为固定短语（付款），“pay”（支付，动词/名词）的名词形式“payment”（付款，不可数名词，此处用单数形式）符合语境，故填“payment”。 9. shocking 解析：此处修饰名词“news”，需用形容词；“shock”的形容词形式“shocking”（修饰事物，意为“令人震惊的”）符合语境，故填“shocking”。 10. scared 解析：“be scared of doing sth.”为固定短语（害怕做某事），“scare”的形容词形式“scared”（修饰人，意为“感到害怕的”），故填“scared”。 11. developed 解析：此处缺少谓语动词，“development”（发展，名词）的动词形式为“develop”（获得，形成）；结合语境“通过这次旅行”，用一般过去时，“develop”的过去式为“developed”，故填“developed”。 12. to explore 解析：“a chance to do sth.”为固定搭配（做某事的机会），故填“to explore”。 13. safety 解析：介词“of”后接名词，“safe”（安全的，形容词）的名词形式为“safety”（安全，不可数名词），故填“safety”。 14. uncomfortable 解析：根据后句“made him feel tired”“buy a more comfortable one”可知，这把椅子是“不舒服的”；“comfortable”的否定形式为“uncomfortable”，故填“uncomfortable”。 15. surprise 解析：“to one’s surprise”为固定短语（令某人惊讶的是），“surprising”（令人惊讶的，形容词）的名词形式为“surprise”，故填“surprise”。 16. was mopping 解析：根据“at this time yesterday”（昨天这个时候）可知，动作正在进行，用过去进行时（was/were + 现在分词）；主语“I”为单数，“mop”的现在分词为“mopping”，故填“was mopping”。 17. coaches 解析：“how many”后接可数名词复数，“coach”的复数形式为“coaches”（以“ch”结尾，加“es”），故填“coaches”。 18. was lying 解析：根据“When I got home”（当我到家时）可知，“躺”这个动作正在进行，用过去进行时；主语“my pet dog”为单数，“lie”（躺）的现在分词为“lying”，故填“was lying”。 19. had spread 解析：“spread”（传播）发生在“lockdown”（封锁）之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时（had + 过去分词）；“spread”的过去分词为“spread”，故填“had spread”。 20. historical 解析：此处修饰名词“costumes”（服装），需用形容词；“history”（历史，名词）的形容词形式“historical”（历史的，与历史相关的）符合语境，故填“historical”。 二、根据汉语提示完成单词（每小题1分，共10分） 1. service 解析：“服务”译为“service”，为不可数名词，故填“service”。 2. flood 解析：“洪水”译为“flood”，此处特指“导致人们离家”的那场洪水，用单数形式，故填“flood”。 3. personal 解析：“个人的”译为“personal”，形容词修饰名词“photos”，故填“personal”。 4. opposite 解析：“在……的对面”译为“opposite”，介词，“opposite our school”（在我们学校对面），故填“opposite”。 5. address 解析：“地址”译为“address”，此处与“name”并列，用单数形式，故填“address”。 6. ages 解析：“极长的一段时间”译为“ages”，“take ages”为固定表达（花费很长时间），故填“ages”。 7. encourage 解析：“鼓励”译为“encourage”，主语“The new teaching methods”为复数，时态为一般现在时，用动词原形，故填“encourage”。 8. reaction 解析：“反应”译为“reaction”，此处用单数形式（指代父母听到决定后的反应），故填“reaction”。 9. community 解析：“社区”译为“community”，空前有“our”，用单数形式，故填“community”。 10. straight 解析：“径直地”译为“straight”，副词，“go straight ahead”为固定搭配（一直往前走），故填“straight”。 三、完成句子（每小题3分，共30分） 1. raining heavily 解析：“下大雨”译为“rain heavily”；while引导的时间状语从句中，用过去进行时（was + 现在分词），故填“raining heavily”。 2. to look after 解析：“too...to...”为固定结构（太……而不能……），“照顾自己”译为“look after oneself”，故填“to look after”。 3. broke her dream 解析：“打破梦想”译为“break one’s dream”；根据语境，用一般过去时，“break”的过去式为“broke”，“她的”用“her”，故填“broke her dream”。 4. come out 解析：“出来”译为“come out”，此处为祈使句，与“turn off”并列，用动词原形，故填“come out”。 5. some risks 解析：“一些风险”译为“some risks”，“risk”为可数名词，用复数形式，故填“some risks”。 6. use the bathroom 解析：“想用一下浴室”译为“would like to use the bathroom”，故填“use the bathroom”。 7. poured; on 解析：“把爱倾注在……上”译为“pour one’s love on...”；根据前句“had”可知用一般过去时，“pour”的过去式为“poured”，故填“poured; on”。 8. closed down 解析：“关门大吉”译为“close down”；根据“last month”可知用一般过去时，“close”的过去式为“closed”，故填“closed down”。 9. crowded with 解析：“挤满……”译为“be crowded with”，为固定短语，故填“crowded with”。 10. left; behind 解析：“忘记拿；遗留”译为“leave behind”；“must have + 过去分词”表示对过去事情的推测，“leave”的过去分词为“left”，故填“left; behind”。 四、短文填空（每小题2分，共40分） 第一篇短文 1. were having 解析：根据“while”（当……时）可知，主句动作发生时，从句动作正在进行；主句时态为一般过去时，从句用过去进行时；主语“most people”为复数，故填“were having”。 2. But 解析：前文“People had rebuilt the bridge many times”（人们多次重建桥梁）与后文“it was still washed away”（它仍然被冲走）为转折关系，用“But”连接，故填“But”。 3. with 解析：“What’s wrong with...?”为固定句型（……怎么了？），故填“with”。 4. worked 解析：文章讲述隋朝的事情，时态为一般过去时，“work”的过去式为“worked”，故填“worked”。 5. was thinking 解析：“be doing sth. when...”为固定结构（正在做某事时，突然……）；主语“he”为单数，用过去进行时，故填“was thinking”。 6. floods 解析：“flood”（洪水）为可数名词，此处表示泛指，用复数形式“floods”，故填“floods”。 7. the 解析：此处特指前文提到的“a new Zhaozhou Bridge”，用定冠词“the”，故填“the”。 8. happily 解析：此处修饰动词“danced”，需用副词；“happy”的副词形式为“happily”，故填“happily”。 9. safe 解析：此处作表语，需用形容词；“safety”（安全，名词）的形容词形式为“safe”（安全的），故填“safe”。 10. has become 解析：根据“now”和“over 1,400 years”可知，用现在完成时（表示从过去持续到现在的状态）；主语“this great stone bridge”为单数，故填“has become”。 第二篇短文 1. a 解析：“heavy rainstorm”（暴雨）为可数名词单数，“heavy”以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词“a”修饰，故填“a”。 2. and 解析：“both...and...”为固定搭配（既……又……），连接“flashlights”和“radio”，故填“and”。 3. matches 解析：“match”（火柴）为可数名词，空前有“some”，用复数形式“matches”，故填“matches”。 4. was helping 解析：“be doing sth. when...”为固定结构（正在做某事时，突然……）；主语“Ben”为单数，用过去进行时，故填“was helping”。 5. to play 解析：“decide to do sth.”为固定搭配（决定做某事），故填“to play”。 6. In 解析：“in the beginning”为固定短语（起初），句首首字母大写，故填“In”。 7. asleep 解析：“fall asleep”为固定短语（入睡），“sleep”（睡觉，动词/名词）的形容词形式为“asleep”，故填“asleep”。 8. his 解析：此处修饰名词“family”，需用形容词性物主代词；“he”的形容词性物主代词为“his”，故填“his”。 9. Luckily 解析：此处修饰整个句子，需用副词；结合“the neighborhood became clean and tidy soon”，可知是“幸运地”，“luck”的副词形式为“luckily”，句首首字母大写，故填“Luckily”。 10. closer 解析：根据“than before”可知，用形容词比较级；“close”的比较级为“closer”，故填“closer”。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 6 When disaster strikes 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．There are several famous ________ in the city. (university) 2．Our guide offered excellent ________ (serve) during the trip. 3．“Just one more month!” she said to ________ (she). 4．He fell off his bike and started to ________ (blood) from his knee. 5．The little bird fell out of its nest and was in great ________ (dangerous). 6．Mr Brown praised his son for his ________ (honest). 7．Most people communicate with each other on WeChat at present. It’s ________ (convenience). 8．You can make a ________ (pay) in any bank. 9．Everybody was completely surprised when hearing the ________ (shock) news. 10．I am ________ (scare) of going out alone at night. 11．Through this trip, Lindsay ________ a deeper understanding of the Great Wall. (development) 12． The science exhibition in the city museum offers a good chance ________ (explore) the world of science. 13．Teachers always emphasize (强调) the importance of ________ (safe) when students go on a school trip. 14．The ________ (comfortable) chair made him feel tired after sitting for a long time. He decided to buy a more comfortable one. 15．I thought I failed the Maths test. I made so many mistakes during the exam. But to my ________ (surprising), I got an A. 16．I ________ (mop) up the water at this time yesterday. 17．How many ________ (coach) are there in the square? 18．When I got home, my pet dog ________ (lie) on the floor. 19．The virus ________ (spread) rapidly through the community before the lockdown. 20．At the fancy dress party, people are all wearing ________ (history) costumes. 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 1．Moon Cinema has the best ________ (服务) in our city. 2．It’s said that thousands of people are forced to leave their homes because of the ________ (洪水). 3．You should avoid positioning ________ (个人的) photos on social media. 4．The bookstore is ________ (在……的对面) our school. 5．Please write your name and ________ (地址) clearly on the envelope. 6．It took ________ (极长的一段时间) to clean up after the party. 7．The new teaching methods ________ (鼓励) children to think for themselves. 8．Imagine your parents’ ________ (反应) when they hear your decision. 9．There is a small park in our _______ (社区), and we often play there after school. 10．Go ________ (径直地) ahead, and you’ll see the hospital on your left. 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 1．当昨天下大雨时，我在图书馆读书。 While it was ________ ________ yesterday, I was reading a book in the library. 2．他太小了，还没办法照顾自己。 He is too young ________ ________ ________ himself. 3．这场突如其来的意外打破了她成为一名职业舞者的梦想。 The sudden accident ________ ________ ________ of becoming a professional dancer. 4．朵拉，关了水龙头再出来。 Dora, turn off the tap and ________ ________. 5．投资股票总是有一些风险。 Investing in stocks always carries ________ ________. 6．如果可以的话，我想用一下浴室。 I’d like to ________ ________ ________ if that’s all right. 7．她没有子女，就把所有的爱倾注在了她的三只猫咪身上。 She had no children and ________ her love ________ her three cats. 8．这家店因为生意不好，上个月关门大吉了。 The shop ________ ________ last month because of the poor business. 9．浅水区挤满了嬉水的儿童。 The shallow water was ________ ________ paddling children. 10．我们走得太匆忙，我肯定是忘了拿钥匙。 We left in a hurry and I must have ________ my keys ________. 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the Sui Dynasty, a terrible flood happened on the Xiao River outside the city of Zhaozhou while most people 1 (have) dinner. The flood brought down a large stone bridge. People had rebuilt the bridge many times. 2 it was still washed away over and over again. “What’s wrong 3 it?” Li Chun, the most famous local engineer at that time, asked himself. He 4 (work) day and night at the drawing of the bridge and found out that the stone supports (支柱) couldn’t stand the force of the flood. One day, he 5 (think) about it when an idea came into his mind! He thought of building bow-shaped arches (拱) instead of stone supports. And there would be only one big arch, supported at each end by two small ones. When 6 (flood) came, the waters would run through the four small arches, bringing little influence on 7 bridge. He was so excited by the idea that he danced 8 (happy) right at his desk. A new Zhaozhou Bridge was built. It was 9 (safety) and beautiful. Now, this great stone bridge with a history of over 1,400 years 10 (become) a classical (经典的) example of China’s arched bridges. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（每空不超过三个单词） Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. Black clouds were making the sky very dark. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. The news on TV reported that there would be 1 heavy rainstorm in the area. Everyone in the neighborhood was busy. Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure both the flashlights 2 radio were working. She also put some candles and 3 (match) on the table. Ben 4 (help) his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. After dinner, they decided 5 (play) a card game, but it was hard to have fun with a terrible storm happening outside. 6 the beginning, Ben could not sleep at all. At last, he fell 7 (sleep) when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. When he woke up, the sun was up. He went outside with 8 (he) family and found that many fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere around the neighborhood. 9 (luck), with the help of many people, the neighborhood became clean and tidy soon. And Ben also joined them to clean up the neighborhood together. The storm broke many things apart, but it brought families and neighbors 10 (close) together than before. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $