Unit 4 Achievements二-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册期末词汇复习（沪教版）

期末词汇复习 必修第二册·沪教版（上海教育出版社）·Unit4 Achievements. 一、 重点单词详解 1:dramatically 一、核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.巨大地；显著地；戏剧性地 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：drama(n.戏剧：戏剧性事件) 形容词：dramatic/dre'maetrk/(adj.戏性的；急剧的) 副词：dramatically（由dramatic+-ally构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰动词：change dramatically(急剧变化)：increase/decrease dramatically（显著增加/减 少) 修饰形容词：dramatically different(截然不同) 四、重点辨析 dramatically vs.greatly:前者强调变化的”戏剧性/突然性”，后者侧重程度”极大地；例： The situation improved dramatically(局势戏剧性好转)vs.greatly improved(大幅改善) 2:curious 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山j.) 核心义：adj.好奇的；求知欲强的；奇特的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：curiosity/,kjai'psati/（好奇心；奇物) 副词：riously/'kjvariasli/（好奇地；奇怪地) 三、用法与常见搭配 be curious about sth.(对某事好奇) be curious to do sth.(渴望做某事) It is curious that..…（奇怪的是…) 四、重点辨析 curious vs.eager: 前者侧重”对未知事物的好奇，后者强调”积极渴望”；例：cous about space（对太空好奇)vs.eager to learn(渴望学习) 3:shortage “、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.不足；短缺 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：shot/t/（短的；短缺的) 动词短语：run short of(缺乏…) 名词：shortage(由shot+-age构成，表”状态/数量) 三、 用法与常见搭配 a shortage of sth.（…的短缺)》 food/water/personnel shortage(食物/水/人员短缺) 四、重点辨析 shortage vs.lack:前者为可数名词，侧重”资源不足”；后者为不可数名词，强调”完全 没有或数量不够”；例：a shortage of funds(资金短缺)vs.lack of evidence(缺乏证据) 4:self-sufficient 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.自给自足的；自立的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 前缀：self-（自我的)+sufficient/sa'mt/(adj.足够的) 名词：self-sufficiency/,self sa'fnsi/(自给自足) 副词：self-sufficiently（自给自足地) 三、用法与常见搭配 be self-sufficient in sth.（在某方面自给自足) a self-sufficient community（自给自足的社区) 5:outstanding 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.优秀的；杰出的；未解决的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：stand out(突出；显眼) 副词：outstandingly/aut'staendnli/（杰出地) 三、用法与常见搭配 outstanding achievements（杰出成就) outstanding problem(未解决的问题) 四、重点辨析 outstanding vs..excellent:前者强调”超越同类、突出”，后者侧重”质量极好；例：an outstanding student（尖子生)vs.excellent grades(优异成绩) 6:realistic 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.现实的；实事求是的；逼真的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：reality /ri'elti/(现实)：realist/i:alst/(现实主义者) 动词：1 ealize/'i:alaz（意识到；实现) 副词：realistically/,i:e'lrstrkli/(现实地) 三、用法与常见搭配 be realistic about sth.(对某事实事求是) 1 realistic goals(切实可行的目标) 四、拓展 反义：nrealistic/,mIe'lIstrk/(不切实际的) 7:professional 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人士 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：profession /pra'fefn/(职业；专业) 副词：professionally/pra'fefanli/(专业地) 三、用法与常见搭配 professional skills（专y业技能) professional advice(专y业建议) as a professional(作为专业人士) 四、重点辨析 professional vs.expert:前者指”从事某职业的专业人员”，后者强调”某领域权威”：例： professional doctor(职业医生)Vs.medical expert(医学专家) 8:permanently 一、核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.永久地；永恒地 二、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：permanent./p3:menent/(永久的) 名词：permanence/'p3 menens/（永久性) 三、用法与常见搭配 permanently damage（永久损坏) settle permanently（永久定居) 四、重点辨析 permanently vs.forever:前者为正式书面语，后者口语化；例：permanently closed(永 久关闭)vs.love forever(永远爱) 9:setback 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.挫折；阻碍 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词短语：set back(推迟；阻碍) 名词：setback（由set back名词化构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 suffer/experience a setback(遭遇挫折) a major/minor setback(重大/小挫折) 10:false 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.错误的；不真实的；伪造的 二、构词法（词性转换） 副词：falsely/fo:lsli/(错误地；虚假地) 名词：falsehood /'f6 lshud/(谎言；虚假) 三、 用法与常见搭配 false information（虚假信息) false identity（假身份) 四、重点辨析 false vs.wrong:前者侧重”与事实不符”，后者强调”不正确/不合适”；例：false hope (虚假希望)vs.wrong answer(错误答案) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The number of students in our school has increased_since last year. A)dramatically B)greatly C)highly D)widely 2.Children are naturallyabout everything around them. A)eager B)curious C)anxious D)worried 3.There is a serious_of fresh water in some desert areas A)lack B)shortage C)absence D)failure 4.The small village tries to be in food production to avoid relying on outside supplies A)self-satisfied B)self-confident C)self-sufficient D)self-centered 5.Herperformance in the competition won her a gold medal. A)outstanding B)excellent C)wonderful D)brilliant 6.It's important to set_goals instead of impossible ones. A)real B)realistic C)actual D)true 7.You need training to become a qualified engineer. A)professional B)expert C)skilled D)technical 8.The old building wasclosed after the earthquake. A)forever B)permanently C)constantly D)temporarily 9.Despite the_,the team continued to work towards their project deadline. A)setback B)difficulty C)problem D)challenge 10.Spreading information online can cause serious social problems. A)wrong B)false C)incorrect D)mistaken (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The company's profits have increased_(dramatic)over the past five years 2.Her(curious)about ancient history led her to study archaeology. 3.The _(short)of medical staff has affected the hospital's services. 4.The community aims to achieve_(self-sufficient)in energy by using solar power. 5.He is known for his (outstandingly)contributions to environmental protection. 6.We must be_(realistic)about the time needed to complete the task. 7.She received_(profession)training in graphic design before joining the company. 8.The accident left him_(permanent)disabled. 9.After several_(setback),they finally succeeded in developing the new technology. 10.The witness admitted giving (false)testimony in court. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The price of housing in the city has risen d in recent years. 2.Babies often show cby touching and examining new objects. 3.As of rainfall this year has caused drought in many regions. 4.The farm grows its own vegetables and raises animals,so it is s-sufficient. 5.The scientist was awarded a prize for his oresearch on climate change. 6.It's more important to have rexpectations than to dream big without action. 7.Only pathletes can participate in the Olympic Games. 8.The factory was pshut down due to environmental concerns. 9.Losing the key project was a major sto the company's expansion plan. 10.The article was criticized for containing f claims about the product's effects. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AB B CA B ABAB 2.补全句子答案： 1.dramatically 2.curiosity 3.shortage 4.self-sufficiency 5.outstanding 6.realistic 7.profes- sional 8.permanently 9.setbacks 10.false 3.首字母填空答案： 1.dramatically 2.curiosity 3.shortage 4.self 5.outstanding 6.realistic 7.professional 8. permanently 9.setback 10.false 英语词汇复习手册·必修第二册·Unit4 Achievements二