Unit 2 Things that matter一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（沪教版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第三册·沪教版（上海教育出版社）·Unit2 Thingst hatm atter 一、重点单词详解 1:sentimental 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：ad.情感的（非理性的） 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：sentiment(n.情感；情绪) 名词：sentiment（由拉丁语sentire”感觉”派生) 形容词：sentimental(sentiment+-al形容词后缀，表示”具有…性质的) 副词：sentimentally(sentimental+-ly副词后缀) 三、 用法与常见搭配 be sentimental about sth.(对某事感情用事) sentimental value(情感价值) sentimental music(抒情音乐) 四、重点辨析 sentimental vs.sensitive: -sentimental侧重'多愁善感的；情感用事的”（非理性） -sensitive侧重”敏感的；易受影响的”（对刺激反应强） 2:reluctant 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.不情愿的；勉强的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：reluct(v.勉强；不情愿，罕见) 形容词：reluctant(re-”相反”+luct”挣扎”+-ant形容词后缀→”挣扎着不愿做的”) 副词：reluctantly(reluctant+-ly) 名词：reluctance(reluctant+-ance名词后缀) 三、用法与常见搭配 be reluctant to do sth.(不情愿做某事) reluctant agreement（勉强的同意) show reluctance to do sth.(表现出不愿做某事) 四、拓展用法 近义替换：nwilling(更常用)，但reluctant语气更强，暗含内心挣扎 3:permanent 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：per-”贯穿”+man”停留”+-emt形容词后缀→”始终停留的” 副词：permanently(permanent+-ly) 名词：permanence(permanent+-ence名词后缀) 反义词：temporary(adj.短暂的；临时的) 三、用法与常见搭配 permanent address（永久地址) permanent damage（永久性损伤) permanent solution(长久解决方案) be permanent in..（在…中是永恒的) 四、重点辨析 permanent vs.eternal: -permanent侧重'时间上长久不变”（如permanent job) -eternal侧重”超越时间的永恒”（如eternal love) 4:resist 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V,抵制；阻挡；抵抗 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：re-”反对”+sist”站立”→”站在对立面” 名词：resistance(resist+-ance名词后缀，意为”抵抗；阻力”) 形容词：resistant(resist+-ant形容词后缀，意为”抵抗的；有抵抗力的”) 三、用法与常见搭配 resist sth./doing sth.(抵制某事/做某事) resist the temptation(抵制诱惑) resist attack(抵抗攻击) be resistant to(对…有抵抗力，如resistant to disease) 四、拓展用法 及物/不及物差异：作”抵抗”时可及物(resist enemies)或不及物(resist against) 5:hazardous 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.危险的：有害的 二、构词法(word性转换) 名词：hazard(n.危险；危害) 形容词：hazardous(hazard+-ous形容词后缀，表示”充满…的) 副词：hazardously(hazardous+-ly) 三、用法与常见搭配 hazardous chemicals（危险化学品) hazardous conditions（危险环境) be hazardous to health(对健康有害) hazardous work(危险工作) 四、重点辨析 hazardous vs.dangerous: -hazardous侧重”有潜在风险，需谨慎处理”（如hazardous waste) -dangerous侧重”直接威胁安全”(（如dangerous animal) 6:abnormal 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.不正常的；反常的；变态的 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：ab-”偏离”+normal(adj.正常的)→”偏离正常的” 副词：abnormally(abnormal+-iy) 名词：abnormality（abnormal+-ity名词后缀，意为”反常；畸形) 反义词：normal(adj.正常的) 三、用法与常见搭配 abnormal behavior(反常行为) abnormal temperature(异常体温) abnormal levels(异常水平) 四、拓展用法 医学领域：常指生理或心理上的”病态异常”（如abnormal cells) 7:tendency 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.倾向；偏好：趋势 构词法（词性转换） 动词：tend(vi.倾向于；趋向) 名词：tendency(tend+-ency名词后缀) 形容词：tending(tend+-ing,意为”趋向于…的) 三、用法与常见搭配 have a tendency to do sth.(有做某事的倾向) tendency towards sth.(朝向某事的趋势) general tendency（,总体趋势) natural tendency(自然倾向) 四、句式转换 tend to do sth.(动词短语)=have a tendency to do sth.（名词短语) l:He tends to be late.=He has a tendency to be late 8:currency ·、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.通用：流行；流传；货币 二、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：current（adj.当前的；流通的) 名词：currency(current-+-cy名词后缀) 副词： currently (curent+-ly) 三、用法与常见搭配 foreign currency(外币) gain currency(开始流行，如The idea gained currency.) in common currency(广泛使用的) currency exchange（货币兑换) 四、多义辨析 -货币（具体）：paper currency（纸币) 流行（抽象）：the currency of a phrase（短语的流行度) 9:friction 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.分歧；不合；摩擦 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：frictional(friction+-al形容词后缀，意为”摩擦的；引起分歧的”) 动词：fict(v.摩擦，罕见) 三、用法与常见搭配 friction between A and B(A与B之间的分歧) reduce friction(减少摩擦/分歧) cause friction(引起不合) mechanical friction(机械摩擦，物理术语) 四、语境差异 -物理：指”摩擦力”（如friction force) -社会：指”人际分歧”（如family friction) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.She has aattachment to the old house where she grew up A)sentimental B)sensitive C)sensible D)sensational 2.Many people are to change their daily habits,even if they know it's good for them. A)willing B)reluctant C)eager D)ready 3.The company offerscontracts to its full-time employees. A)temporary B)eternal C)permanent D)momentary 4.He_the urge to check his phone during the meeting. A)resisted B)persisted C)insisted D)assisted 5.Workers must wear protective gear when handlingmaterials. A)dangerous B)hazardous C)risky D)perilous 6.The test results showed levels of sugar in his blood. A)normal B)formal C)abnormal D)informal 7.There is a growing-for people to work from home instead of offices. A)tendency B)possibility C)opportunity D)necessity 8.The local_is the yuan,but many stores also accept US dollars. A)money B)cash C)currency D)fund 9.Family_often arises from misunderstandings and lack of communication A)conflict B)fiiction C)struggle D)debate 10.The museum's new policy has_among visitors since last month A)gained currency B)lost value C)taken effect D)made progress (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.She was_to leave her hometown for a new job.(reluctance) 2.The accident causeddamage to his eyesight.(permanent) 3.Some plants areto certain diseases.(resist) 4.The_of the old custom is gradually decreasing.(currency) 5.His behavior made his parents worried.(abnormal) 6.There is a for prices to rise during the holiday season.(tend) 7.The chemical is highly and should be handled with care.(hazard) 8.She kept the old letter for its-value,not its monetary worth.(sentiment) (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The old photo album has great svalue for my grandmother. 2.He was rto admit that he had made a mistake. 3.My address is temporary;I need to find a p_one soon. 4.The country tried to r the invasion with all its military power. 5.Exposure to radiation can be hto human health. 6.A weather patterns have led to more natural disasters recently. 7.There is a tfor students to choose science majors over arts. 8.Foreign cexchange rates change daily based on market conditions. 9.Constant f between siblings can affect family harmony 10.The new law has gained cand is now widely accepted by the public. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AB C A B CAC BA 解析1（第1题）： 考查sentimental的固定用法。sentimental表示情感的：多愁善感的”，符合句意”她对 长大的老房子有情感依恋；sensitive表示”敏感的”，sensible表示”明智的”，sensational 表示”轰动的”，均不符合语境，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查reluctant的固定用法。be reluctant to do sth.表示”不情愿做某事”，符合句意许多 人不愿意改变日常习惯”；willing表示”愿意的”，eager表示”渴望的”，ready表示”准 备好的”，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第4题）： 考查resist的固定用法。1 esist sth.表示”抵制某事，符合句意”他抵制住了开会时查看 手机的冲动；persist表示”坚持”，insist表示”坚持要求”，assist表示”帮助”，均不符 合语境，故选A。 2.补全句子答案： 1.reluctant 2.permanent 3.resistant 4.currency 5.abnormal 6.tendency 7.hazardous 8 sentimental 3.首字母填空答案： 1.sentimental 2.reluctant 3.permanent 4.resist 5.hazardous 6.Abnormal 7.tendency 8. currency 9.friction 10.currency 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第三册·Unit2 Things that matter一