Unit 3 Mind and body三-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（沪教版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第三册·沪教版（上海教育出版社）·Unit3 Mindan dbody三 一、重点单词详解 1:massive 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.大量的；大规模的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：mass(n.块；大量) 形容词：massive（nass+-ive形容词后缀，表具有…性质的) 副词：massively/'maesrvli/(adv.大量地；严重地) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰名词：massive destruction(大规模破坏)；massive investment(巨额投资) 固定搭配：a massive amount of(大量的，后接不可数名词)；massive numbers of(大量 的，后接可数名词复数) 四、重点辨析 massive vs.large:massive强调”体积、数量或程度极大”，带有强烈的视觉或印象冲击： 1arge侧重”尺寸或数量超过一般水平”，较为通用。 例：The mountain has a massive base.(这座山的底部很大。)/a large house(一栋大房子) 2:patience 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.耐心；忍耐力 构词法（词性转换） 词根：patient(adj.有耐心的) 形容词：patient(patient+-ent形容词后缀) 副词：patiently/'pexfntli/(adv.耐心地) 名词：patience(由patient去-t+-ce构成，抽象名词) 反义词：impatience/im'peIfns/(n.不耐烦) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：have/lose patience with sb.sth.(对…有/失去耐心)；show patience(表现出 耐心) 固定句型：with patience=patiently(耐心地) 例：Teaching young children requires a lot of patience.(教幼儿需要很大的耐心。) 3:ambition 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.野心；雄心；志向 、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：ambitious/en'brs/(adj.有野心的；有抱负的) 副词：ambitiously/em'brsi/(adv.雄心勃勃地) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：have/harbour ambition（有野心/抱负)；achieve one's ambition(实现志向) 介词搭配：ambition for sth.(对某事的渴望)；ambition to do sth.(做某事的志向) 例：Her ambition is to become a doctor.(她的志向是成为一名医生。) 4:vivid 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.生动的；清晰的；鲜明的 二、构词法（词性转换） 副词：vividly/VIvIdli/(adv.生动地；清晰地) 名词：vividness'vIvIdnas/(n.生动：鲜明) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰名词：vivid description(生动的描述)；vivid memory（清晰的记忆) 固定搭配：vivid imagination（丰富的想象力)；as vivid as.（像…一样鲜明) 例：The artist created a vivid painting of the sunset..（画家创作了一幅色彩鲜明的日落画。) 5:reject 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.拒绝接受；不予考虑：n.被拒者 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：ject（扔，投掷，如eject'驱逐，inject"注射) 前缀：e(回，反)+ject(扔)→”扔回”→拒绝 名词：rejection/I'd3ekn/(n.拒绝；排斥) 三、 用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：reject an offer/proposal(拒绝提议)；reject sb.'s advice(不接受某人的建议) 辨析：reject vs..refuse:reject语气更强，强调”正式拒绝或否定”，直接接宾语；refuse 侧重”主观不愿接受，常用refuse to do sth 例：The committee rejected his application.（委员会拒绝了他的申请。)/He refused to help (他拒绝帮忙。) 6:proportion 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.比例；均衡；部分 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：proportional/pra'p3:∫an/(adj.成比例的；均衡的) 副词：proportionally/pra'po:Teneli/（adv.成比例地) 用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：in proportion to(与…成比例)：out of propo1tion(不成比例；过分) 动词搭配：bear proportion to(与…相称)；adjust the proportion（调整比例) 例：The proportion of boys to girls in the class is3:2.(班里男女生比例是3：2。) 7:wrinkle 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.(使)起皱纹；n.皱纹 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：wrinkle(vi.起皱；vt.使起皱) 形容词：wrinkled/Tkld/(adj.有皱纹的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：wrinkle(p)one's forehead(皱起额头)；wrinkled with age(因年老起皱) 名词搭配：deep wrinkles(深皱纹)；iron out wrinkles(熨平褶皱) 例：Her face wrinkled when she smiled.（她笑的时候脸上起了皱纹。) 8:pace 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.(移动的)速度；步速；v.来回踱步 二、用法与常见搭配 名词搭配：set the pace（定速度；领先)；keep pace with(跟上…的步伐) 动词搭配：pace up and down(来▣踱步)；pace oneself(控制节奏) 辨析：pace vs.speed:pace侧重”行走或做事的节奏、步速”；speed强调”运动的速度”， 可用于交通工具等。 例：He walked at a slow pace.(他缓慢地走着。)/The car picked up speed.(汽车加速了。) 9:pure 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.纯的；纯净的；纯粹的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 副词：purely/pjvali/(adv.纯粹地；仅仅) 名词：purity/pjuareti/(n.纯净；纯度) 反义词：impure/u'pja)/(adj.不纯的) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰名词：pure water(纯净水)；pure gold(纯金)；pure luck(纯粹的运气) 固定搭配：pure and simple(纯粹的；不折不扣的) 例：Her voice was as pure as a bird's song.(她的声音像鸟鸣一样清脆。) 10:nightmare 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.噩梦；梦魇；可怕的经历 二、构词法（词性转换） 复合词：ight(夜晚)+mare(古英语”妖怪”，传说中夜间压在人身上的恶魔)→夜 间的妖怪→噩梦 形容词：nightmarish/'nartmeerI/(adj.噩梦般的；可怕的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：have a nightmare(做噩梦)；live a nightmare(经历可怕的事) 比喻用法：a nightmare journey(糟糕的旅程)：the nightmare of exams(考试的噩梦) 例：Failing the exam was a nightmare for him.(考试不及格对他来说是一场噩梦。) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The company announced a investment in renewable energy projects last week A)massive B)large C)big D)huge 2.Teaching young children requires a lot of_ A)patient B)patience C)impatient D)impatience 3.Herto become a famous scientist has driven her to work day and night. A)ambitious B)ambition C)ambitiously D)ambitions 4.The author gave a_description of the ancient city in her novel. A)vivid B)vividly C)vividness D)living 5.The committee his proposal because it was not practical. A)refused B)rejected C)denied D)declined 6.The of boys to girls in this school is almost 1:1. A)proportion B)proportional C)portion D)rate 7.The old man's face was_with age. A)wrinkle B)wrinkling C)wrinkled D)wrinkles 8.We need to_ourselves to finish the task on time. A)speed B)pace C)rate D)step 9.The water in this mountain stream is so that you can drink it directly A)pure B)purely C)purity D)purify 10.Losing her way in the dark forest was a_experience for the little girl. A)night B)mare C)nightmare D)dream (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.He has a(mass)collection of stamps from all over the world. 2.The teacher spoke(patient)to the students who were slow to understand. 3.She is an_(ambition)young woman who wants to start her own business. 4.The artist(vivid)painted the beautiful scenery of the countryside. 5.His(reject)by the university made him very disappointed. 6.The salary is_(proportion)to the amount of work done. 7.The shirt(wrinkle)easily,so you need to iron it carefully 8.He(pace)up and down the room while waiting for the important call. 9.This is a_(pure)academic question,not related to politics. 10.The(nightmare)journey through the storm lasted for more than 6 hours. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The earthquake caused mdamage to the city. 2.You need to have pwhen dealing with difficult customers. 3.His a is to become the CEO of a multinational company. 4.The movie's v special effects made the audience feel like they were in the scene. 5.The company had to r many job applicants because of the limited positions. 6.The pof students who passed the exam this year has increased by 10%. 7.She tried to iout the wrinkles in her dress before the interview. 8.It's hard to k pace with the rapid development of technology 9.The diamond is ofhigh pand worth a lot of money 10.After the accident,he often had n about cars crashing. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AB B AB AC B A C 解析1（第1题）： 考查massive的用法。massive强调”体积、数量或程度极大”，符合句意”公司上周宣布 了对可再生能源项日的大规模投资？；large、big、huge虽然也表示”大”，但massive更 强调规模巨大。 解析2（第2题）： 考查patience的用法。require a lot of patience表示”需要很多耐心”，符合句意”教幼儿 需要很大的耐心”；patient是形容词，impatient和impatience表示”不耐烦，均不符合 语境。 解析3（第5题）： 考查reject的用法。reject表示”正式拒绝或否定”，符合句意”委员会拒绝了他的提议， 因为它不实用”；refuse、deny、decline虽然也表示”拒绝”，但reject语气更强，强调正 式拒绝。 2.补全句子答案： 1.massive 2.patiently 3.ambitious 4.vividly 5.rejection 6.proportional 7.wrinkles 8. paced 9.purely 10.nightmarish 3.首字母填空答案： 1.massive 2.patience 3.ambition 4.vivid 5.reject 6.proportion 7.iron 8.keep 9.purity 10. nightmares 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第三册·Unit3 Mind and body三