Unit 1 The media and the message二-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（沪教版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第四册·沪教版（上海教育出版社）·Unit1 Themed iaandthemessage二 一、重点单词详解 1:prosecute 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.起诉；控告：检举 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：secut(=follow,跟随) 同根词：persecute/'p3skju:t/(v.迫害；纠缠) 名词：prosecution/,prosI'kju:Jn/(n.起诉；诉讼) 名词（人)：prosecutor/'prDsikju:ta()/(n.检察官；原告律师) 三、用法与常见搭配 及物动词：prosecute sb.for sth.(因某事起诉某人) 例：He was prosecuted for theft.(他因盗窃被起诉。) 不及物动词：prosecute for（为…起诉) 例：The police decided not to prosecute.(警方决定不起诉。) 四、重点辨析 prosecute vs.accuse: -prosecute强调”通过法律程序正式起诉，搭配for: -accuse侧重”指控、指责”，搭配of(accuse sb.of sth.)。 2:prejudice 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v,) 核心义：n.偏见：成见：v损害；使抱偏见 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀：pre(预先)+judice(=judge,判断)→”预先判断”→偏见 形容词：prejudiced/'pred3udst/(adj.有偏见的；偏心的) 副词：prejudicedly/'pred3 udrsli/(adv.带偏见地) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词： have prejudice against sb./sth.(对…有偏见) 例：She has a prejudice against foreigners.（她对外国人有偏见。) without prejudice to(不损害…) 动词： prejudice sb.against sth.(使某人对某事产生偏见) 例：His remarks prejudiced me against the plan,(他的话让我对这个计划产生了偏见。) 四、拓展用法 固定短语：racial prejudice(种族偏见)；gender prejudice(性别偏见) 3:suspect 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.怀疑（某人有罪）；猜想；n.嫌疑犯 二、了 构词法（词性转换） 前缀：sms-(=nder,在…之下)+pect(=look,看)→”在下面看”→怀疑 形容词：suspicious/sa'spIfas/,(adj.可疑的：怀疑的) 名词：suspicion/s3'sp/(n.怀疑；嫌疑) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词（怀疑）： suspect sb.of doing sth.(怀疑某人做某事) 例：The police suspect him of murder..(警方怀疑他谋杀。) suspect that...(怀疑…) 例：I suspect that he is lying.(我怀疑他在撒谎。) 动词（猜想）： suspect sth.tobe(猜想某事是…) 例：I suspect the truth to be different..(我猜想真相并非如此。) 四、重点辨析 suspect vs.doubt: -suspect表示”认为某事可能是真的”（肯定性怀疑）： -doubt表示？认为某事可能不真实”（否定性怀疑），搭配whether/if。 4:instinct 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n本能；天性 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：instinctive/m'stuktrv/.(adj.本能的；直觉的) 副词：instinctively/mn'stmktrvli/(adv.本能地) 三、 用法与常见搭配 介词搭配：by instinct(凭本能) 例：Birds learn to fly by instinct.（鸟儿凭本能学会飞行。) have an instinct for(对…有天赋) 例：She has an instinct for music.(她有音乐天赋。) 动词搭配：follow one's instinct(遵循本能) 四、拓展用法 固定句型：It is instinct that..（是本能使得…) 例：It is instinct that drives parents to protect their children.(父母保护孩子是出于本能。) 5:expectation 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.预料；预期；期待 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：expect/ik'spekt/(v.期待：预料) 形容词：expected/ik'spektrd/(adj.预期的；意料之中的) 形容词：nexpected./,mk'spektrd/(adj.意外的；未预料到的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：meet/live up to expectations(达到预期) 例：The film failed to meet expectations..(这部电影未达预期。) beyond expectations(超出预期) 例：Her performance was beyond expectations.(她的表现超出了预期。) 名词短语：high/low expectations（高/低期望) 四、拓展用法 可数/不可数差异：表示”具体期望的事物”时可数（如expectations):泛指”期待”时不 可数。 6:blame 二、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.把…归咎于；责备：n.责备：责任 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：blameless/blemmlas/,(adj.无过错的；无可指责的) 副词：blamelessly/blermlasli/(adv.无可指责地) 三、 用法与常见搭配 动词： blame sb.for sth.(因某事责备某人) 例：They blamed him for the accident..（他们因事故责备他。) blame sth.onsb.(把某事归咎于某人) 例：He blamed his failure on bad luck.(他把失败归咎于运气不好。) 名词： take the blame for(为…承担责任) 例：She took the blame for the mistake..（她为错误承担了责任。) put/lay blame on sb.(指责某人) 四、固定句型 be to blame for(对…应负责任) 例：The driver was to blame for the crash.(司机应对车祸负责。) 7:cheat 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.欺骗；作弊；n.骗子；欺骗行为 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词（人）：cheater/'ti:ta()/(n.骗子；作弊者) 形容词：cheating/ti:t画/(adj.欺骗的；作弊的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词（欺骗）： cheat sb.out of sth.(骗取某人某物) 例：He cheated her out of her money.(他骗了她的钱。) 动词（作弊)： cheat in an exam(考试作弊) 例：She was caught cheating in the test.(她考试作弊被抓。) 名词： a cheat(骗子；骗局) 例：He is a cheat.(他是个骗子。) 四、重点辨析 cheat vs.deceive: -cheat侧重通过不正当手段占便宜”，如作弊、骗钱； deceive强调”通过谎言或误导使人相信虚假之事”(deceive sb.into doing sth.)。 8:lower 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v,)、形容词(adj.) 核心义：v.使…降下；降低；adj.较低的；下游的 二、构词法（词性转换） 反义词：raise/reIz(v.提高；举起) 比较级：lower(原形本身为low的比较级) 最高级：lowest/leurst/(adj.最低的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词（及物)： lower sth.to..(把某物降到…) 例：He lowered his voice to a whisper..(他把声音压低到耳语。) lower prices/taxes 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The police decided to him for drunk driving. A)accuse B)prosecute C)suspect D)blame 2.Heragainst immigrants made it hard for her to work with them. A)instinct B)expectation C)prejudice D)blame 3.The witness_that the suspect was at the crime scene A)suspected B)doubted C)accused D)prosecuted 4.Parents protect their children almost_ A)instinctively B)suspiciously C)prejudicedly D)blamelessly 5.The team's performance was far_expectations. A)without B)beyond C)below D)under 6.Don't me for the mistake-I wasn't even there! A)cheat B)blame C)suspect D)prejudice 7.He was caught in the final exam and got punished. A)cheating B)blaming C)prosecuting D)suspecting 8.The government plans totaxes to help small businesses. A)raise B)lower C)suspect D)sustain 9.She has a natural for music and plays the piano beautifully. A)instinct B)expectation C)prejudice D)blame 10.The_decided to drop the case due to lack of evidence. A)prosecutor B)suspect C)cheater D)victim (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.His(prejudice adj.)remarks offended many people 2.The company tried to(lower v.)costs by reducing staff. 3.She felt a strong(instinct adj.)fear of heights. 4.The_(prosecute n.)of the case will begin next month. 5.We have high(expect v.)for the new product. 6.The_(suspect n.)was arrested at the airport yesterday. 7.He(blame v.)his failure on the bad weather. 8.The teacher warned students not to(cheat n.)in exams. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The police need more evidence to pthe suspect. 2.Racial pstill exists in some parts of the world. 3.By i,cats can climb trees quickly. 4.Her performance was beyond all e 5.Don't b_others for your own mistakes. 6.He was caught c in the game and was banned. 7.The price of oil is 1 than last month. 8.I s_that she was lying about her whereabouts. 9.She has a natural i for languages 10.The accident was partly due to his pdriving. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B CA A BB AB AA 2.补全句子答案： 1.prejudiced 2.lower 3.instinctive 4.prosecution 5.expectations 6.suspect 7.blamed 8. cheat 3.首字母填空答案： 1.prosecute 2.prejudice 3.instinct 4.expectations 5.blame 6.cheating 7.lower 8.suspect 9.instinct 10.prejudiced 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第四册·Unit 1 The media and the message二