内容正文:
第02讲 七年级下册Unit 1 Animal friends语法、写作篇(寒假预习讲义)
内容导航——预习三步曲
第一步:学
析教材 学知识:教材精讲精析、全方位预习
练习题 讲典例:教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法
练考点 强知识:核心考点精准练
第二步:记
串知识 识框架:思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握
第三步:测
过关测 稳提升:小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升
语法1(why、what与where引导的特殊疑问句)
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头的对句中某一部分进行提问的疑问句。
回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。回答时要针对具体情况来作出回答。
它的结构是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
特殊疑问词分为两类:疑问代词(what, who, which, whose, whom);疑问副词(when, where, why, how)。
此处主要讲why、 what与where引导的特殊疑问句。
知识点1. why引导的特殊疑问句
why意为“为什么”,常用于询问原因、理由,一般用because来回答。
—Why do you like English? 你为什么喜欢英语?
—Because it’s interesting. 因为它有趣。
知识点2. what引导的特殊疑问句
what意为“什么”,常对姓名、物品、事件、天气等进行提问,还可以和名词构成疑问词组,如what colour、what time等。
—What is your name?你叫什么名字?
—My name is Zhang Tong.我叫张彤。
知识点3. where引导的特殊疑问句
where意为“在哪里”,常对地点进行提问。
—Where is your sister?你妹妹在哪里?
—She is in her bedroom.她在她的卧室。
注意其他常见的特殊疑问词
特殊疑问词
含义
用法
who
谁(主格)
对主语进行提问
whom
谁(宾格)
对宾语进行提问
whose
谁的
对归属进行提问
when
什么时候
对时间进行提问
how
怎样;如何
对身体状况、方式等进行提问
which
哪一个;哪一些
对“哪一个;哪一些”进行提问
—Whom do they invite?他们邀请谁了?—Lily and Simon.莉莉和西蒙。
—Which do you like better, the red one or the black one?你更喜欢哪一个,那个红色的还是黑色的?
—The black one.那个黑色的。
一.用方框中所给疑问词的适当形式填空
what,when,how,why,who
1.—______does Jenny like geography?
—Because she thinks it's interesting.
2.—______is your day, Lucy?
—It s OK.
3.—______is Alice's favorite color?
—Red.
4.—______is the woman in red?
—My mother.
5.—______do you go to bed?
—At about 11:00.
二.对画线部分提问
1.He likes English because it's interesting.
______ ______he like English?
2.Her favorite food is the hot dog.
______ ______her favorite food?
3.Her computer is on the desk.
___ ___is her computer?
4.My grandpa is 75 years old.
______ ______is your grandpa?
5.She has an art lesson at 11:00 on Tuesday.
______does she______an art lesson?
语法2(可数名词与不可数名词)
知识点1. 概念
一般来说,可以计数的名词是可数名词;不可以计数的名词是不可数名词。
知识点2. 变化形式
(1)规则变化
可数名词有复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式。可数名词单数变复数的规则,可归纳为:
规则
例词
一般在名词词尾加-s。
apple→apples
map→maps
以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的名词,在词尾加-es。
class→classes
watch→watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词应先变y为i, 然后再加-es。
dictionary→dictionaries
family→families
以f或fe结尾的大多数名词,应将f或fe变为v,再加-es。
leaf→leaves
knife→knives
(2)不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母
man→men 男人 woman→women 女人
foot→feet 脚 tooth→teeth 牙齿
②词尾有变化
child→children 孩子
③单数和复数形式相同
sheep→sheep 绵羊 Chinese→Chinese 中国人
Japanese→Japanese 日本人
知识点3. 修饰语
可数名词可直接用不定冠词、数词或many等修饰;不可数名词不能直接用它们来修饰。不可数名词可用much,a little等修饰。some和a lot of/lots of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。
知识点4. 如何表示确切的数量
可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来表示确切的数量,如three apples, ten bananas等;不可数名词要表示确切数量时,用“单位名词+of+不可数名词”结构,若表示复数,则把of前的单位名词变为复数。如one cup of tea(一杯茶), three pieces of bread(三片面包)。
知识点5. 作主语时,谓语动词的形式
(1)可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据主语而定。
There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
There are five boats on the river. 河面上有五只船。
(2)不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。但当不可数名词前表示数量的名词是复数时,谓语动词也要用复数形式。
There is some bread on the table. 桌子上有些面包。
There are five cups of tea on the table. 桌子上有五杯茶。
知识点6. 对可数名词和不可数名词数量的提问
(1)对可数名词数量的提问常用how many。
How many books do you have? 你有多少本书?
(2)对不可数名词数量的提问常用how much。但也要视具体情况而定。如对不可数名词前的全部修饰语进行提问时,疑问词用how much;如对不可数名词前表示数量的数词进行提问时,疑问词用how many。
I want two cups of tea.我想要两杯茶。→ How much tea do you want? 你想要多少茶?
They want two cups of tea.他们想要两杯茶。→ How many cups of tea do they want?他们想要多少杯茶?
注意 还有一类词根据意思的不同,既可以作可数名词,又可以作不可数名词,如chicken(鸡肉)不可数,chickens(小鸡)可数。
一.名词复数训练
1.两个男孩___________________2.四把尺子____________________
3.十辆汽车___________________4.二十个盒子_________________
5.十一支铅笔________________
二.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. These are my _______(brother).They are in No.11 Middle School.
2. —Are _______ (that)your parents?
—Yes, they are.
3. —Who's that?(电话中)
—_______(these)is Jack speaking.
4. Here are three _______(photo)of my family.
They are beautiful.
5. Those are my _______(friend). They are friendly to me.
单元写作
本单元的标题是“Animal Friends”,话题是“动物”。本单元要求学生使用所学的词汇和句式写一篇介绍你最喜欢的动物的书面表达。与此有关的写作内容通常包括介绍自己或他人最喜欢的动物、说明喜欢某种动物的原因、描述某种动物的外形特征或生活习性等。
该话题对应的书面表达的体裁以说明文为主。在写说明文的时候要做到条理清晰、层次分明。
1.写作实例
每个人都有自己最喜欢的动物。假设你最喜欢的动物是企鹅。请根据以下提示内容写一篇约80词的文章,介绍一下企鹅。
外形和习性
1.有翅膀,身体是黑白色的;
2.不会飞行,但游泳游得很快;
3.主要吃小的海洋动物;
4.主要来自南极,通过挤在一起的方式取暖。
现状
处于危险中
要求:1.必须包含表格中提到的所有要点。 2.可适当发挥想象。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.审题指导
1.体裁:说明文 2.时态:以一般现在时为主 3.人称:以第三人称为主
4.必备词汇:
①one's favourite animal某人最喜欢的动物
②sea animal海洋动物
③come from来自
④close together挨得很近
⑤keep warm保暖
⑥in danger处于危险中
⑦try one's best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事
谋篇布局
优秀范文
Everyone has his or her favourite animal. The penguin is my favourite animal.I like penguins because they are very cute and they look friendly.
Penguins have wings and black-and-white bodies. They can't fly like other birds, but they can swim fast. They mainly feed on small sea animals. They mostly come from Antarctica, a very cold place.Penguins often stand close together. It helps them keep warm.
Now penguins are in danger. I will try my best to help the penguins.
一.选择填空
1.—________ colours do you like to wear, warm colours or cool colours?
—I look better in warm colours like red, yellow and orange.
A.Which B.What C.How much D.How many
2.—This sweater looks nice. ________ is it?
—It’s twenty dollars.
A.How old B.What color C.How much D.What sport
3.— _________ is the teachers’ building?
— It’s next to the classroom building.
A.What B.Where C.How D.Who
4.—________ do you like English?
—Because it’s interesting and fun.
A.When B.Why C.Where D.What
5.—________ don’t you like hamburgers?
—Because they’re not healthy.
A.When B.Why C.What D.How
6.—________do you usually get up in the morning, Peter?
—At 6 o’clock.
A.What time B.How C.Which D.Who
7.—Lily, ________?
—Oh, it’s big and nice.
A.where is your school B.how old is your school
C.when do you go to school D.what’s your new school like
8.— ________ do you like history?
—Because it’s interesting.
A.Why B.What C.How D.When
9.—________ is your schoolbag?
—It’s black and white.
A.What B.What color C.How D.Where
10.—________ is your cousin?
— Li Ming.
A.Who B.Why C.What D.When
二.写作
假如你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom得知你最近养了只兔子当宠物, 想多了解它的相关信息。请根据以下表格,写一篇90词左右的回信。
Name
Jimmy
Age
2 years old
Looks
long ears, red eyes, a short tail
Food
vegetables, fruit
Activities
run after me, play on the grass
注意事项:
1. 短文须包含表格中所有内容,可以适当发挥。
2. 开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Dear Tom,
How are you these days? Now let me tell you something about my pet. It’s a rabbit.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Please tell me about your pet in the next email.
Yours,
Li Hua
一.填空题
1.—W do you usually play basketball?
—After school.
2.—W do you like winter?
—Because I can make a snowman with my brother.
3.What’s the weather today?
4.— do you do after dinner?
—Sometimes I read books or do my homework.
5.— fishing rod is this?
—It’s my father’s.
6.—What e can you see?
—An apple.
7. (who) violin is that?
8.How often your father (go) jogging?
9.My bag is on the desk. What a yours?
10.What (do) Peter have in his schoolbag?
11.As students of Grade 7, we should have different (hobby).
12.The book says our grandparents’ habits and (fashion) show their lifestyles.
13.Mary is good with so she likes maths. (number)
14.This T-shirt is only 10 (dollar).
15.These (pencil box) are purple.
16.Their (dictionary) are on the desk.
17.Do you know all your family (member) full names?
18.There are lots of (different) between the twins.
19.The two kilos of are five yuan. (tomato)
20.There are twenty (teach) in our school.
21.Look! There are many (sheep) on the hill.
22.When do you usually brush your (tooth)?
23.The four (grandchild) often bring their grandparents much fun.
24.My mother and aunt are good (housewife). They always keep the house clean and safe.
25.The two (fisherman) like going fishing together.
二.写作
请根据以下要点提示,写一篇短文介绍你最喜欢的动物——大熊猫。
要点:1.大熊猫拥有黑白色的皮毛,看起来很可爱;
2.它们生活在中国四川、陕西等地的森林和山区;
3.它们喜欢吃竹子,每天花很多时间吃东西和睡觉;
4.大熊猫是中国的象征之一,目前世界上仅存大约2,000只野生大熊猫,因此我们会尽力保护它们。
要求:1.包含所有要点,可适当发挥; 2.词数80左右,短文标题和开头已给出,不计入总词数。
My favourite animal—the giant panda
There are many kinds of animals in the world,
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知识导图记忆
常见的特殊疑问词(组)
特殊疑问词(组)
询问对象
含义
例句
what
事物
什么
What's your name?你叫什么名字?
what color
颜色
什么颜色
What color is your car?你的车是什么颜色的?
where
地点
在哪里
Where's my schoolbag?我的书包在哪里?
why
原因
为什么
Why do you like fruit?你为什么喜欢水果?
when
时间
什么时候
When is your birthday?你的生日在什么时候?
how
方式、程度
怎样;如何
How did you solve the problem?你是怎样解决这个问题的?
who
人
谁
Who's she?她是谁?
how much
价钱
多少(钱)
How much is this Jacket?这件夹克多少钱?
how old
年龄
多大年纪
How old is your grandma?你奶奶多大年纪?
可数名词有复数形式
可数名词有复数形式,构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)规则变化
规则
例词
一般情况下加-s
apple-apples ruler-rulers
以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加-es
bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes
以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变成i再
加-es
city-cities country-countries
以f或fe结尾的,把f或fe变成v,再加-es
knife-knives leaf-leaves
以o结尾的,有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s
在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下3个:tomato-tomatoes、potato-potatoes、hero-heroes
(2)不规则变化
a.单复数同形的:deer-deer、sheep-sheep、fish-fish(表示鱼的数量)、people-people
b.熟记下列词的复数变化:man-men、woman-women、policeman-policemen、foot-feet、tooth-teeth、mouse-mice、child-children、goose-geese
c.以man、 woman作定语构成的复合名词,变复数时要全变:a man teacher-two men teachers;其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变:a girl student-two girl students
d.“某国人”的复数口诀:中日不变,英法变,其他统统加-s:Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,American-Americans,German-Germans
一、单项选择
1.—______ is your favourite teacher?
—Mrs. Wang. She is our English teacher and she is kind to us.
A.How old B.Who C.Where D.When
2.— ________ did Tang Shengjie stay in the space station?
—About half a year.
A.How old B.How long C.How far D.How soon
3.—________ is it from Kunming to Xishuangbanna?
—It’s about seven hours’ drive.
A.How much B.How long C.How old D.How far
4.—_________ is it from Kunming South Station to Dounan Flower Market?
—It’s about fourteen kilometers.
A.How far B.How long C.How much D.How often
5.—Are all the students in your school from ________?
—No. Only a small number of them ________.
A. Germany; are Germans B.Germany; are Germen
C.German; is Germany D.Germen; is Germany
6.We should brush our ________ twice a day to keep them healthy.
A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths
7.These ________ have saved many children’s lives.
A.woman doctors B.womans’ doctors
C.women doctors D.women’s doctors
8.The artist ________ day and night and many of his art pieces are famous ________.
A.work, works B.works, works C.works, work D.work, work
9.My father told me ________ just now.
A.two piece of news B.two pieces of news C.two news D.two pieces of newses
10.Mr. Li gives us many good ________ on how to protect the environment.
A.advices B.pieces of advices C.pieces of advice D.an advice
11.Perhaps there won’t be ________ for everybody in thirty years’ time.
A.enough room B.enough rooms C.rooms enough D.room enough
二.语法填空
(23-24七年级下·湖南长沙·期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese New Year is 1 important festival in China. People like to spend time 2 their family at this time. They cook many 3 (kind) of delicious food. Then they have a big dinner.
The dumpling is one of the specials of Chinese New Year. It 4 (have) a history of about 1,800 years. It is 5 (get) popular even around the world now. Sometimes people put a coin (硬币) in one of the dumplings. If you eat the dumpling with the coin, you’ll be 6 (luck) in the next year. They think it can 7 (bring) good luck. Usually, people make dumplings with meat and vegetables. There 8 (be) also many other kinds of dumplings.
Fish is another lucky food for Chinese people. In Chinese, “fish” 9 (sound) like “surplus” (盈余). Chinese people like to have a surplus at the end of a year.
If you come to China, don’t forget 10 (taste) these specials.
三.写作
英语老师要求同学们在下一节英语课中介绍自己最喜欢的动物。请你根据下面表格的内容提示,以My favourite animals为题,用英语写一篇短文。词数80~100。
名称:白老虎
外貌:皮毛黑白相间;蓝色眼睛
能力:跑得不快;善于游泳
食物:各种动物
看法:数量不多,应该保护它们
My favourite animals
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第02讲 七年级下册Unit 1 Animal friends语法、写作篇(寒假预习讲义)
内容导航——预习三步曲
第一步:学
析教材 学知识:教材精讲精析、全方位预习
练习题 讲典例:教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法
练考点 强知识:核心考点精准练
第二步:记
串知识 识框架:思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握
第三步:测
过关测 稳提升:小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升
语法1(why、what与where引导的特殊疑问句)
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头的对句中某一部分进行提问的疑问句。
回答特殊疑问句时不能用yes或no。回答时要针对具体情况来作出回答。
它的结构是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
特殊疑问词分为两类:疑问代词(what, who, which, whose, whom);疑问副词(when, where, why, how)。
此处主要讲why、 what与where引导的特殊疑问句。
知识点1. why引导的特殊疑问句
why意为“为什么”,常用于询问原因、理由,一般用because来回答。
—Why do you like English? 你为什么喜欢英语?
—Because it’s interesting. 因为它有趣。
知识点2. what引导的特殊疑问句
what意为“什么”,常对姓名、物品、事件、天气等进行提问,还可以和名词构成疑问词组,如what colour、what time等。
—What is your name?你叫什么名字?
—My name is Zhang Tong.我叫张彤。
知识点3. where引导的特殊疑问句
where意为“在哪里”,常对地点进行提问。
—Where is your sister?你妹妹在哪里?
—She is in her bedroom.她在她的卧室。
注意其他常见的特殊疑问词
特殊疑问词
含义
用法
who
谁(主格)
对主语进行提问
whom
谁(宾格)
对宾语进行提问
whose
谁的
对归属进行提问
when
什么时候
对时间进行提问
how
怎样;如何
对身体状况、方式等进行提问
which
哪一个;哪一些
对“哪一个;哪一些”进行提问
—Whom do they invite?他们邀请谁了?—Lily and Simon.莉莉和西蒙。
—Which do you like better, the red one or the black one?你更喜欢哪一个,那个红色的还是黑色的?
—The black one.那个黑色的。
一.用方框中所给疑问词的适当形式填空
what,when,how,why,who
1.—______does Jenny like geography?
—Because she thinks it's interesting.
2.—______is your day, Lucy?
—It s OK.
3.—______is Alice's favorite color?
—Red.
4.—______is the woman in red?
—My mother.
5.—______do you go to bed?
—At about 11:00.
【答案】1.Why2.How3.What 4.Who 5.When
二.对画线部分提问
1.He likes English because it's interesting.
______ ______he like English?
2.Her favorite food is the hot dog.
______ ______her favorite food?
3.Her computer is on the desk.
___ ___is her computer?
4.My grandpa is 75 years old.
______ ______is your grandpa?
5.She has an art lesson at 11:00 on Tuesday.
______does she______an art lesson?
【答案】1.Why does 2.What _is3.Where 4.How old 5.When have
语法2(可数名词与不可数名词)
知识点1. 概念
一般来说,可以计数的名词是可数名词;不可以计数的名词是不可数名词。
知识点2. 变化形式
(1)规则变化
可数名词有复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式。可数名词单数变复数的规则,可归纳为:
规则
例词
一般在名词词尾加-s。
apple→apples
map→maps
以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的名词,在词尾加-es。
class→classes
watch→watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词应先变y为i, 然后再加-es。
dictionary→dictionaries
family→families
以f或fe结尾的大多数名词,应将f或fe变为v,再加-es。
leaf→leaves
knife→knives
(2)不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母
man→men 男人 woman→women 女人
foot→feet 脚 tooth→teeth 牙齿
②词尾有变化
child→children 孩子
③单数和复数形式相同
sheep→sheep 绵羊 Chinese→Chinese 中国人
Japanese→Japanese 日本人
知识点3. 修饰语
可数名词可直接用不定冠词、数词或many等修饰;不可数名词不能直接用它们来修饰。不可数名词可用much,a little等修饰。some和a lot of/lots of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。
知识点4. 如何表示确切的数量
可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来表示确切的数量,如three apples, ten bananas等;不可数名词要表示确切数量时,用“单位名词+of+不可数名词”结构,若表示复数,则把of前的单位名词变为复数。如one cup of tea(一杯茶), three pieces of bread(三片面包)。
知识点5. 作主语时,谓语动词的形式
(1)可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据主语而定。
There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
There are five boats on the river. 河面上有五只船。
(2)不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。但当不可数名词前表示数量的名词是复数时,谓语动词也要用复数形式。
There is some bread on the table. 桌子上有些面包。
There are five cups of tea on the table. 桌子上有五杯茶。
知识点6. 对可数名词和不可数名词数量的提问
(1)对可数名词数量的提问常用how many。
How many books do you have? 你有多少本书?
(2)对不可数名词数量的提问常用how much。但也要视具体情况而定。如对不可数名词前的全部修饰语进行提问时,疑问词用how much;如对不可数名词前表示数量的数词进行提问时,疑问词用how many。
I want two cups of tea.我想要两杯茶。→ How much tea do you want? 你想要多少茶?
They want two cups of tea.他们想要两杯茶。→ How many cups of tea do they want?他们想要多少杯茶?
注意 还有一类词根据意思的不同,既可以作可数名词,又可以作不可数名词,如chicken(鸡肉)不可数,chickens(小鸡)可数。
一.名词复数训练
1.两个男孩___________________2.四把尺子____________________
3.十辆汽车___________________4.二十个盒子_________________
5.十一支铅笔________________
【答案】two boys; four rulers; ten cars; twenty boxes; eleven pencils;
二.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. These are my _______(brother).They are in No.11 Middle School.
2. —Are _______ (that)your parents?
—Yes, they are.
3. —Who's that?(电话中)
—_______(these)is Jack speaking.
4. Here are three _______(photo)of my family.
They are beautiful.
5. Those are my _______(friend). They are friendly to me.
【答案】1.brothers 2.those 3.This 4.photos 5.friends
单元写作
本单元的标题是“Animal Friends”,话题是“动物”。本单元要求学生使用所学的词汇和句式写一篇介绍你最喜欢的动物的书面表达。与此有关的写作内容通常包括介绍自己或他人最喜欢的动物、说明喜欢某种动物的原因、描述某种动物的外形特征或生活习性等。
该话题对应的书面表达的体裁以说明文为主。在写说明文的时候要做到条理清晰、层次分明。
1.写作实例
每个人都有自己最喜欢的动物。假设你最喜欢的动物是企鹅。请根据以下提示内容写一篇约80词的文章,介绍一下企鹅。
外形和习性
1.有翅膀,身体是黑白色的;
2.不会飞行,但游泳游得很快;
3.主要吃小的海洋动物;
4.主要来自南极,通过挤在一起的方式取暖。
现状
处于危险中
要求:1.必须包含表格中提到的所有要点。 2.可适当发挥想象。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.审题指导
1.体裁:说明文 2.时态:以一般现在时为主 3.人称:以第三人称为主
4.必备词汇:
①one's favourite animal某人最喜欢的动物
②sea animal海洋动物
③come from来自
④close together挨得很近
⑤keep warm保暖
⑥in danger处于危险中
⑦try one's best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事
谋篇布局
优秀范文
Everyone has his or her favourite animal. The penguin is my favourite animal.I like penguins because they are very cute and they look friendly.
Penguins have wings and black-and-white bodies. They can't fly like other birds, but they can swim fast. They mainly feed on small sea animals. They mostly come from Antarctica, a very cold place.Penguins often stand close together. It helps them keep warm.
Now penguins are in danger. I will try my best to help the penguins.
一.选择填空
1.—________ colours do you like to wear, warm colours or cool colours?
—I look better in warm colours like red, yellow and orange.
A.Which B.What C.How much D.How many
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你喜欢穿哪种颜色的衣服,暖色还是冷色?——我穿暖色的衣服比较好看,比如红色、黄色和橙色。
考查特殊疑问句。Which哪一个;What什么;How much多少,修饰不可数名词;How many多少,修饰可数名词。根据“warm colours or cool colours”可知,提供了两个具体选项,需用“which”表示从有限选择中询问偏好,故选A。
2.—This sweater looks nice. ________ is it?
—It’s twenty dollars.
A.How old B.What color C.How much D.What sport
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这件毛衣看起来不错。它多少钱?——它是二十美元。
考查疑问词辨析。How old几岁;What color什么颜色;How much多少钱;What sport什么运动。根据答语“It’s twenty dollars.”可知,此处询问价格。故选C。
3.— _________ is the teachers’ building?
— It’s next to the classroom building.
A.What B.Where C.How D.Who
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——教师楼在哪里?——它在教学楼旁边。
考查疑问词辨析。What什么;Where哪里;How如何;Who谁。根据答语“It’s next to the classroom building.”可知,此处应询问地点,需用表示地点的疑问词。故选B。
4.—________ do you like English?
—Because it’s interesting and fun.
A.When B.Why C.Where D.What
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你为什么喜欢英语?——因为它有趣和好玩。
考查特殊疑问词。When什么时候;Why为什么;Where在哪里;What什么。根据答句“Because it’s interesting and fun.”可知,答句在解释原因,因此问句应使用Why询问原因。故选B。
5.—________ don’t you like hamburgers?
—Because they’re not healthy.
A.When B.Why C.What D.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你为什么不喜欢汉堡包?——因为它们不健康。
考查疑问词辨析。When什么时候,询问时间;Why为什么,询问原因;What什么,询问事物;How怎样,询问方式或程度。根据答语“Because they’re not healthy.”可知,问句是在询问不喜欢汉堡包的原因,应用疑问词Why。故选B。
6.—________do you usually get up in the morning, Peter?
—At 6 o’clock.
A.What time B.How C.Which D.Who
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——Peter,你早上通常几点起床?——6点钟。
考查疑问词辨析。What time几点;How怎样;Which哪一个;Who谁。根据“At 6 o’clock.”可知,询问的是具体的时间点,应用What time。故选A。
7.—Lily, ________?
—Oh, it’s big and nice.
A.where is your school B.how old is your school
C.when do you go to school D.what’s your new school like
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——莉莉,你的新学校怎么样?——哦,它又大又漂亮。
考查特殊疑问句辨析。where is your school你的学校在哪里;how old is your school你的学校有多少年了;when do you go to school你什么时候去上学;what’s your new school like你的新学校怎么样。根据“Oh, it’s big and nice.”可知,此处询问学校怎么样。故选D。
8.— ________ do you like history?
—Because it’s interesting.
A.Why B.What C.How D.When
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你为什么喜欢历史?——因为它有趣。
考查特殊疑问句。Why为什么;What什么;How如何;When什么时候。根据答语“Because it’s interesting.”可知,问句询问原因,需用Why提问。故选A。
9.—________ is your schoolbag?
—It’s black and white.
A.What B.What color C.How D.Where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你的书包是什么颜色?——它是黑白的。
考查特殊疑问词辨析。What什么;What color什么颜色;How如何;Where哪里。根据答语“It’s black and white.”可知,此处询问书包的颜色。故选B。
10.—________ is your cousin?
— Li Ming.
A.Who B.Why C.What D.When
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——谁是你的表弟?——李明。
考查疑问词辨析。Who谁;Why为什么;What什么;When什么时候。根据答句“Li Ming”可知,是一个人名,问句询问的是人的身份,因此需用表示“谁”的疑问词“Who”提问。故选A。
二.写作
假如你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom得知你最近养了只兔子当宠物, 想多了解它的相关信息。请根据以下表格,写一篇90词左右的回信。
Name
Jimmy
Age
2 years old
Looks
long ears, red eyes, a short tail
Food
vegetables, fruit
Activities
run after me, play on the grass
注意事项:
1. 短文须包含表格中所有内容,可以适当发挥。
2. 开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Dear Tom,
How are you these days? Now let me tell you something about my pet. It’s a rabbit.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Please tell me about your pet in the next email.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作提示】
1.主题:介绍宠物
2.人称:以第三人称为主
3.时态:一般现在时
4.要点:兔子的名字、年龄、外貌、食物、活动、你对它的感情等
5.写作思路:开篇引出介绍的对象(已给出);接着详细介绍兔子的名字、年龄、外貌、食物及喜爱的活动等,并表达自己对它的感情;结尾表达期待对方回信(已给出)。
【范文】
Dear Tom,
How are you these days? Now let me tell you something about my pet. It’s a rabbit.
His name is Jimmy and he is 2 years old. He has long ears, red eyes and a short tail. He looks cute and lovely. He’s very quiet and seldom makes any sound. Jimmy eats fruit and vegetables every day, and his favourite food is carrots. When I come home from school, he always runs after me. I often take him out for a walk in my free time. He enjoys playing on the grass. We have so much fun together. I think he is the best pet in the world.
Please tell me about your pet in the next email.
Yours,
Li Hua
一.填空题
1.—W do you usually play basketball?
—After school.
【答案】When/hen
【详解】句意:——你通常什么时候打篮球?——放学后。根据首字母提示“W”和答语“After school”可知,此处询问“时间”。疑问词When“什么时候”符合语境。故填When。
2.—W do you like winter?
—Because I can make a snowman with my brother.
【答案】Why/hy
【详解】句意:——你为什么喜欢冬天?——因为我可以和弟弟一起堆雪人。根据“Because”及首字母W可知,特殊疑问词Why符合语境 。句子为特殊疑问句,“Why”置于句首,首字母大写,故填Why。
3.What’s the weather today?
【答案】like
【详解】句意:今天天气怎么样?分析题干可知,问句询问天气;“What’s the weather like?”是询问天气的常用固定表达,意为“天气怎么样?”,其中“like”是介词,用于询问事物的特征或状况。故填like。
4.— do you do after dinner?
—Sometimes I read books or do my homework.
【答案】What
【详解】句意:——你晚饭后做什么?——有时我看书或者做作业。根据答语“Sometimes I read books or do my homework.”可知,问句是对“做的事情”提问,应用疑问词What,“What do you do...?”是固定句型,用于询问对方做什么事。句首首字母大写,故填What。
5.— fishing rod is this?
—It’s my father’s.
【答案】Whose
【详解】句意:——这根鱼竿是你的吗?——这是我父亲的。根据“It’s my father’s.”可知,此处询问物品的所属,应使用whose“谁的”。故填Whose。
6.—What e can you see?
—An apple.
【答案】else/lse
【详解】句意:——你还能看到什么别的?——一个苹果。根据答语“An apple.”以及首字母提示,可知此处是问“你还能看到什么别的”,what else“别的什么”,故填else。
7. (who) violin is that?
【答案】Whose
【详解】句意:那是谁的小提琴?who“谁”,疑问代词。空处修饰名词“violin”,用whose“谁的”,表示小提琴的归属,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Whose。
8.How often your father (go) jogging?
【答案】 does go
【详解】句意:你爸爸多久去慢跑一次?句子用一般现在时,主语“your father”是第三人称单数,特殊疑问句需借助助动词does,实义动词go用原形,故填does;go。
9.My bag is on the desk. What a yours?
【答案】(a)bout
【详解】句意:我的包在桌子上。你的呢?根据“What…yours?”以及首字母提示可知,此处询问“你的呢”,用“What about…”,询问对方类似事物的情况。故填(a)bout。
10.What (do) Peter have in his schoolbag?
【答案】does
【详解】句意:彼得书包里有什么?该句是特殊疑问句,且是对事实提问,为一般现在时,句中有实义动词“have”,主语是“Peter”,需借助助动词does构成特殊疑问句。故填does。
11.As students of Grade 7, we should have different (hobby).
【答案】hobbies
【详解】句意:作为七年级的学生,我们应该有不同的爱好。different后跟可数名词复数,hobby的复数形式为hobbies。故填hobbies。
12.The book says our grandparents’ habits and (fashion) show their lifestyles.
【答案】fashions
【详解】句意:这本书说我们祖父母的习惯和时尚展现了他们的生活方式。空处与habits并列,用名词复数形式fashions“时尚”。故填fashions。
13.Mary is good with so she likes maths. (number)
【答案】numbers
【详解】句意:玛丽擅长数字,所以她喜欢数学。此处表示“擅长数字”,表示泛指用名词复数形式,故填numbers。
14.This T-shirt is only 10 (dollar).
【答案】dollars
【详解】句意:这件 T 恤衫只要 10 美元。dollar意为“美元”,单数可数名词,根据前面的“10”可知,需要将其变为复数dollars。故填dollars。
15.These (pencil box) are purple.
【答案】pencil boxes
【详解】句意:这些铅笔盒是紫色的。 “these(这些)”后接可数名词复数,“pencil box”是复合名词,复数形式需将后面的“box”变为“boxes”,即“pencil boxes”。故填pencil boxes。
16.Their (dictionary) are on the desk.
【答案】dictionaries
【详解】句意:他们的字典在桌子上。dictionary是可数名词,意为“字典”;根据“are”可知,此处使用名词复数形式,dictionary的复数形式是dictionaries。故填dictionaries。
17.Do you know all your family (member) full names?
【答案】members’
【详解】句意:你知道你所有家人的全名吗?根据“all your family...full names”可知,应填member复数形式members的所有格形式members’,作定语,表示所有家人的全名。故填members’。
18.There are lots of (different) between the twins.
【答案】differences
【详解】句意:这对双胞胎之间有很多差异。different“不同的”,空格处应填名词,选用different名词形式difference “差异;差别” ,是可数名词;a lot of修饰可数名词时,接复数形式;在此句中强调两者之间有很多差异,用复数形式更合适。故填differences。
19.The two kilos of are five yuan. (tomato)
【答案】tomatoes
【详解】句意:这两公斤西红柿五元钱。根据“two kilos of”可知,其后应接可数名词的复数形式tomato意为“西红柿”,其复数形式为tomatoes。故填tomatoes。
20.There are twenty (teach) in our school.
【答案】teachers
【详解】句意:我们的学校有20位老师。teach是动词,空处作主语,应填名词teacher,twenty后接可数名词复数形式,teacher的复数形式是teachers。故填teachers。
21.Look! There are many (sheep) on the hill.
【答案】sheep
【详解】句意:看!山上有很多羊。根据提示可知,“sheep”是可数名词,其复数形式与单数形式一致;“many”用于修饰可数名词复数,因此此处填“sheep”。故填sheep。
22.When do you usually brush your (tooth)?
【答案】teeth
【详解】句意:你通常什么时候刷牙?tooth“牙”,此处填复数形式teeth,泛指类别。故填teeth。
23.The four (grandchild) often bring their grandparents much fun.
【答案】grandchildren
【详解】句意:这四个孙子经常给他们的祖父母带来很多欢乐。grandchildren“孙子;孙女”,可数名词;由“four”可知,此处用可数名词复数。故填grandchildren。
24.My mother and aunt are good (housewife). They always keep the house clean and safe.
【答案】housewives
【详解】句意:我的妈妈和阿姨都是很棒的家庭主妇。她们总是把家里保持得干净又安全。housewife“家庭主妇”,名词。根据“My mother and aunt are ...”可知,此处应用名词复数。故填housewives。
25.The two (fisherman) like going fishing together.
【答案】fishermen
【详解】句意:那两个渔民喜欢一起去钓鱼。fisherman“渔民”是可数名词。由数词“two”可知,此处应用复数形式。fisherman的复数形式为fishermen。故填fishermen。
二.写作
请根据以下要点提示,写一篇短文介绍你最喜欢的动物——大熊猫。
要点:1.大熊猫拥有黑白色的皮毛,看起来很可爱;
2.它们生活在中国四川、陕西等地的森林和山区;
3.它们喜欢吃竹子,每天花很多时间吃东西和睡觉;
4.大熊猫是中国的象征之一,目前世界上仅存大约2,000只野生大熊猫,因此我们会尽力保护它们。
要求:1.包含所有要点,可适当发挥; 2.词数80左右,短文标题和开头已给出,不计入总词数。
My favourite animal—the giant panda
There are many kinds of animals in the world,
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【范文】
My favourite animal—the giant panda
There are many kinds of animals in the world, but my favourite is the giant panda.
Giant pandas are very cute animals with black-and-white fur. They usually live in the forests and mountains of Sichuan and Shaanxi. They mainly live on bamboo. They seem to be lazy because they spend much time eating and sleeping. Giant pandas look shy and quiet.
Giant pandas are one of the greatest symbols of China. Nevertheless, now there are only about 2,000 wild giant pandas in the world. In fact, they are in great danger. We must try our best to save them.
知识导图记忆
常见的特殊疑问词(组)
特殊疑问词(组)
询问对象
含义
例句
what
事物
什么
What's your name?你叫什么名字?
what color
颜色
什么颜色
What color is your car?你的车是什么颜色的?
where
地点
在哪里
Where's my schoolbag?我的书包在哪里?
why
原因
为什么
Why do you like fruit?你为什么喜欢水果?
when
时间
什么时候
When is your birthday?你的生日在什么时候?
how
方式、程度
怎样;如何
How did you solve the problem?你是怎样解决这个问题的?
who
人
谁
Who's she?她是谁?
how much
价钱
多少(钱)
How much is this Jacket?这件夹克多少钱?
how old
年龄
多大年纪
How old is your grandma?你奶奶多大年纪?
可数名词有复数形式
可数名词有复数形式,构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)规则变化
规则
例词
一般情况下加-s
apple-apples ruler-rulers
以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加-es
bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes
以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变成i再
加-es
city-cities country-countries
以f或fe结尾的,把f或fe变成v,再加-es
knife-knives leaf-leaves
以o结尾的,有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s
在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下3个:tomato-tomatoes、potato-potatoes、hero-heroes
(2)不规则变化
a.单复数同形的:deer-deer、sheep-sheep、fish-fish(表示鱼的数量)、people-people
b.熟记下列词的复数变化:man-men、woman-women、policeman-policemen、foot-feet、tooth-teeth、mouse-mice、child-children、goose-geese
c.以man、 woman作定语构成的复合名词,变复数时要全变:a man teacher-two men teachers;其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变:a girl student-two girl students
d.“某国人”的复数口诀:中日不变,英法变,其他统统加-s:Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,American-Americans,German-Germans
一、单项选择
1.—______ is your favourite teacher?
—Mrs. Wang. She is our English teacher and she is kind to us.
A.How old B.Who C.Where D.When
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你最喜欢的老师是谁?——王老师。她是我们的英语老师,她对我们很好。
考查特殊疑问句。how old多少岁;who谁;where在哪里;when什么时候。根据“Mrs. Wang.”可知,对人提问用疑问词who,故选B。
2.— ________ did Tang Shengjie stay in the space station?
—About half a year.
A.How old B.How long C.How far D.How soon
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——唐胜杰在空间站待了多长时间?——半年左右。
考查特殊疑问句。How old多大,是对年龄进行的提问;How long多长,是对长度或一段时间的提问;How far多远,是对距离进行提问;How soon多久以后,常对动作还有多久发生进行提问, 一般用于将来时,回答用“in+时间段”。根据答语“About half a year.”可知此处是对一段时间进行的提问,因此疑问词用How long。故选B。
3.—________ is it from Kunming to Xishuangbanna?
—It’s about seven hours’ drive.
A.How much B.How long C.How old D.How far
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——从昆明到西双版纳有多远? ——开车大约要7个小时。
考查特殊疑问句。How much多少;How long多长;How old几岁;How far多远。根据答语“It’s about seven hours’ drive.”可知,此处是询问从昆明到西双版纳的距离,用how far引导特殊疑问句。故选D。
4.—_________ is it from Kunming South Station to Dounan Flower Market?
—It’s about fourteen kilometers.
A.How far B.How long C.How much D.How often
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——从昆明南站到斗南花市有多远?——大约14公里。
考查特殊疑问句。How far多远;How long多长时间;How much多少钱;How often多久一次。根据“It’s about fourteen kilometers.”可知,询问距离,应用how far。故选A。
5.—Are all the students in your school from ________?
—No. Only a small number of them ________.
A. Germany; are Germans B.Germany; are Germen
C.German; is Germany D.Germen; is Germany
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你们学校所有的学生都来自德国吗?——不,只有一小部分学生是德国人。
考查名词和主谓一致。Germany德国,名词;German德国人,名词单数形式;Germen是错误形式;is是第三人称单数形式;are是复数形式。根据“Are all the students in your school from...”可知,第一空指的是“德国”,应用名词Germany;第二空主语a small number of them指的是“他们中的一小部分人”,是复数,所以be动词应用are,且“德国人”应用German的复数形式Germans。故选A。
6.We should brush our ________ twice a day to keep them healthy.
A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们应该每天刷牙两次,以保持牙齿健康。
考查可数名词的复数。牙齿不止一个,故此处用名词复数teeth。故选C。
7.These ________ have saved many children’s lives.
A.woman doctors B.womans’ doctors
C.women doctors D.women’s doctors
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这些女医生们拯救过许多儿童的生命。
考查复合名词的复数。woman doctors错误表达;womans’ doctors错误表达;women doctors女医生们;women’s doctors女人们的医生。根据“have saved many children’s lives”和选项可知,此处是指女医生们;根据“these”可知,后面所接名词要用复数形式;但因此处是由“woman”和“doctor”组成的复合名词,故两个词都要变复数形式,所以填women doctors。故选C。
8.The artist ________ day and night and many of his art pieces are famous ________.
A.work, works B.works, works C.works, work D.work, work
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这位艺术家日夜工作,他的许多艺术作品都是著名的作品。
考查动词和名词辨析。“work”既可作动词,表示“工作”,也可作“名词”,表示作品,第一空根据“The artist ... day and night”可知,此处表达“这位艺术家日夜工作”,需用动词,本句时态为一般现在时,主语为“The artist”,第三人称单数,谓语需用三单形式。第二空根据“many of his art pieces are famous”可知,此处表达为“作品”,根据“many of his art pieces are”可知,需填名词复数。故选B。
9.My father told me ________ just now.
A.two piece of news B.two pieces of news C.two news D.two pieces of newses
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我爸爸刚才告诉我两条消息。
考查名词的数。news“消息”是不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除D选项。表示“几条消息”时,要用“数词+piece(s) of+news”结构,piece是可数名词,其单复数形式要根据数词来决定,two是基数词,所以piece要用复数形式。故选B。
10.Mr. Li gives us many good ________ on how to protect the environment.
A.advices B.pieces of advices C.pieces of advice D.an advice
【答案】C
【详解】句意:李先生给了我们许多关于如何保护环境的好建议。
考查不可数名词的用法。“advice”是不可数名词,不能直接加“s”或与“an”连用,表达“许多条建议”时需用pieces of advice。故选C。
11.Perhaps there won’t be ________ for everybody in thirty years’ time.
A.enough room B.enough rooms C.rooms enough D.room enough
【答案】A
【详解】句意:三十年后,也许不会有足够的空间容纳每个人。
考查不可数名词和enough的用法。enough足够的,限定词,用于复数名词或不可数名词前;room空间,不可数名词;rooms房间,可数名词复数形式。根据语境可知,30年后,我们居住的空间会变小,可推测此处是也许不会有足够的空间容纳每个人,room应为“空间”,不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除B和C,又因限定词enough修饰名词时应在名词前。故选A。
二.语法填空
(23-24七年级下·湖南长沙·期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese New Year is 1 important festival in China. People like to spend time 2 their family at this time. They cook many 3 (kind) of delicious food. Then they have a big dinner.
The dumpling is one of the specials of Chinese New Year. It 4 (have) a history of about 1,800 years. It is 5 (get) popular even around the world now. Sometimes people put a coin (硬币) in one of the dumplings. If you eat the dumpling with the coin, you’ll be 6 (luck) in the next year. They think it can 7 (bring) good luck. Usually, people make dumplings with meat and vegetables. There 8 (be) also many other kinds of dumplings.
Fish is another lucky food for Chinese people. In Chinese, “fish” 9 (sound) like “surplus” (盈余). Chinese people like to have a surplus at the end of a year.
If you come to China, don’t forget 10 (taste) these specials.
【答案】1.an 2.with 3.kinds 4.has 5.getting 6.lucky 7.bring 8.are 9.sounds 10.to taste
【导语】本文介绍了中国新年的食物。
1.句意:中国新年在中国是一个重要的节日。festival是单数可数名词,用不定冠词修饰,important是元音音素开头,因此用不定冠词an修饰,故填an。
2.句意:人们喜欢在这个时候与家人共度时光。with sb“和某人一起”,故填with。
3.句意:他们做很多美味的食物。kind“种类”,是名词, 有many修饰,用复数名词,故填kinds。
4.句意:它有着大约1800年的历史。have“有”,主语it是第三人称单数形式,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填has。
5.句意:现在甚至在世界各地它变得受欢迎。get“变得”,根据“now”可知,此处用现在进行时,故填getting。
6.句意:如果吃带有硬币的饺子,你在来年会很幸运。luck“运气”,是名词,作为系动词be的表语,用形容词,故填lucky。
7.句意:他们认为它能带来好运。bring“带来”,can是情态动词,后面接动词原形,故填bring。
8.句意:还有很多其他种类的饺子。there be“有”,主语many other kinds of dumplings是复数形式,谓语用复数形式,故填are。
9.句意:在汉语中,“鱼”听起来像“余”。sound“听起来”,主语“fish”是第三人称单数,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填sounds。
10.句意:如果你来中国,不要忘了品尝这些特色食物。taste“品尝”,forget to do sth“忘记做某事”,故填to taste。
三.写作
英语老师要求同学们在下一节英语课中介绍自己最喜欢的动物。请你根据下面表格的内容提示,以My favourite animals为题,用英语写一篇短文。词数80~100。
名称:白老虎
外貌:皮毛黑白相间;蓝色眼睛
能力:跑得不快;善于游泳
食物:各种动物
看法:数量不多,应该保护它们
My favourite animals
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My favourite animals
Do you know the white tigers? They are my favourite animals and I don't think they are very scary.We can see them in the zoo.
The white tigers look very beautiful.Their fur is black and white, and their eyes are blue.The white tigers can run. However, they can't run fast.The white tigers are not afraid of water.They are good at swimming.What food do the white tigers eat? Oh, they eat all kinds of animals.
There are not many white tigers in the world.We must protect them.
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