Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson1-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（北师大版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·北师大版·Unit9:Hum anBiology Lesson1 、 重点单词详解 1:ethical 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的 二、必记搭配与例句 ethical issues/problems(伦理问题)：The rapid development of technology has raised urgent ethical questions that society must address. ethical standards(道德标准)：Doctors must follow strict ethical guidelines when treating patients ethical behavior（合乎道德的行为)：Companies should encourage ethical behavior among employees. 三、 重点辨析 moral vs.ethical:moral侧重个人或社会普遍的道德观念（如moral values道德价值观）； ethical更强调与职业、学科相关的伦理准则（如ethical guidelines for doctors医生的伦 理指南)。 2:provoke 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：vt.激起，引起；挑衅 二、必记搭配与例句 provoke sb.to do sth.(激怒某人做某事)：His rude comments provoked her to leave the room angrily provoke anger/outrage/violence(激起愤怒/公愤/暴力)：Unfair treatment of minority groups may provoke social unrest and undermine stability. provoke a reaction/response(引起反应/▣应)：The new policy provoked strong reactions from the public. 三、重点用法 被动语态：be provoked by(被…激怒)：She was provoked by his rude comments.. 3:identical 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：ad山j.完全相同的，非常相似的 二、 必记搭配与例句 identical to/with sth.(与…完全相同)：Her dress is identical to mine. identical twins(同卵双胞胎)：Cloned animals are genetically identical to their donors but may differ in behavior. 三、重点辨析 same vs.identical:same需加定冠词the,强调无差别(the same as);identical语气更强， 指在性质、特征上完全一致（可省略he)。 4:crucial 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.至关重要的，关键性的 一、 必记搭配与例句 be crucial to/.for sth.(对…至关重要)：Access to quality education is crucial for breaking the cycle of poverty a crucial factor/role/decision(关键因素/角色/决定)：Teamwork plays a crucial role in the success of this project. crucial moment(关键时刻)：This is a crucial moment for our company's development. 三、重点用法 It is crucial that.句型（从句用虚拟语气should-+动词原形，should可省略）：It is crucial that we (should)take immediate action. 5:abuse 核心考点 词性：动词(v.);名词(n.) 核心义：t.滥用；虐待；n.滥用；虐待 二、必记搭配与例句 abuse power/authority(滥用权力/权威)：The abuse of social media algorithms may lead to the spread of misinformation. abuse drugs/,alcohol(滥用药物/酗酒)：Drug abuse can cause serious health problems abuse sb.physically/emotionally(身体/情感虐待某人)：Child abuse is a serious social problem. 重点辨析 abuse vs..isuse:abuse强调恶意或非法使用（如abuse power滥用权力)：misuse侧重” 误用？（如misuse a word用词错误）。 6:inferior 核心考点 词性：形容词（ad.);名词(n.) 核心义：adj.低级别的；差的，次的；n.下级，下属 二、 必记搭配与例句 inferior to sth./sb.(比…差；低于…)：This product is inferior to the one we bought last year. inferior quality（劣质)：Judging others as inferior based on race or gender is a violation of human rights social inferiors（社会地位较低者)：In ancient times,women were often treated as social inferiors 重点用法 避免错误：不可说”more inferior?”,直接用inferior to”表示比较。 7:reproductive 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.繁殖的，生殖的 二、必记搭配与例句 reproductive system(生殖系统)：Pollution can have severe impacts on the reproductive capacity of marine organisms. reproductive health（生殖键康)：The government should pay more attention to women's reproductive health reproductive rights(生育权)：Reproductive rights are fundamental human rights. 三、重点用法 科学语境搭配：sexual reproduction(有性繁殖)；asexual reproduction(无性繁殖，如 cloning） 8:barrier 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.障碍，壁垒；屏障 必记搭配与例句 language/cultural barier（语言/文化障碍)：Prejudice remains a major barrier to achieving gender equality in the workplace. trade barrier(贸易壁垒)：The government plans to reduce t女ade barriers to promote economic growth barrier to sth.(…的障碍)：Lack of education is a barrier to social mobility. 三、重点辨析 barrier vs.obstacle:barrier侧重具体或抽象的”屏障’（如Great Barrier Reef大堡礁)： obstacle侧重阻碍前进的困难”（如overcome obstacles克服困难）。 9:accurate 、 核心考点 词性形容词(adj.) 核心义adj.准确的，正确的 必记搭配与例句 accurate data/information(准确的数据/信息)：Scientific research requires accurate data collection accurate description(准确的描述)：The witness provided an accurate description of the suspect. highly accurate(高度准确的)：This instrument provides highly accurate measurements 三、重点用法 副词：accurately(准确地)；名词：accuracy(准确性) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The rapid development of AI has raised urgent_questions that society must address. A)moral B)ethical C)mortal D)mental 2.The politician's dishonest remarks_widespread criticism from the public. A)promoted B)provoked C)promised D)prevented 3.The two paintings are so similar that only experts can tell they are not_ A)same B)equal C)identical D)uniform 4.It is_that we protect endangered species before they disappear forever. A)crucial B)casual C)curious D)cautious 5.The report exposed the_of power by some government officials. A)misuse B)abuse C)use D)reuse 6.This brand claims its products are never_to any others in quality. A)superior B)junior C)senior D)inferior 7.Marine pollution threatens the health of fish and other sea creatures. A)reproductive B)productive C)respective D)restrictive 8.Language differences can be a major_to effective communication A)obstacle B)barrier C)border D)boundary 9.To ensure the experiment's success,the data must beand reliable. A)accurate B)approximate C)arbitrary D)abstract 10.His behavior towards his subordinates led to his dismissal. A)abusive B)useful C)amused D)amazed (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.Doctors must follow strictguidelines when treating patients.(ethic→名词复数) 2.The manager's harsh words caused_among the staff.(provoke→名词) 3.The twins have almostpersonalities despite their different upbringings.(identity 容词) 4.,we need to prioritize environmental protection over short-term economic gains.(cru- cial→副词) 5.The organization works to prevent._of children in conflict zones.(abuse→动词过去分 词作定语) 6.Her constant comparison with othe1 s gave her a strong sense of一.(inferior→名词) 7.Many plants rely on insects for_reproduction.(sex→形容词) 8.Cultural differences should not be seen as abut as an opportunity for learning.(barrier →同义词) 9.The witness provided an_description of the accident.(accuracy→形容词) 10.The company was accused of its market dominance to eliminate competitors.(abuse →动词现在分词) (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The new medical technology has sparked heated debates about its e implications. 2.His rude comments were intended to pa fight,but no one responded. 3.The two phones are i in design,but differ in performance. 4.Access to clean water is cfor the survival of people in drought-stricken areas. 5.The mayor was arrested for the a of public funds. 6.Products with iquality are often sold at lower prices but pose safety risks. 7.The research focuses on improving the refficiency of endangered species. 8.Prejudice remains a bto achieving true equality in society. 9.The map must be a to guide travelers through the mountainous region. 10.The teacher warned students not to a their freedom to use mobile phones in class. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BBCABDABAA 解析1（第1题）： 考查ethical的用法。ethical questions表示”伦理问题，符合句意”AI的快速发展引发了 社会必须解决的紧迫伦理问题”；moral侧重个人道德，mortal意为”致命的”，mental意 为”精神的”，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析2（第2题）： 考查provoke的用法。provoke criticism表示”引起批评”，符合句意”政客的不诚实言论 引起了公众的广泛批评；promote意为”促进”，promise意为”承诺’，prevent意为”阻 止”，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第4题）： 考查crucial的用法。It is crucial that..表示.…至关重要”，符合句意”我们在濒危物 种永远消失之前保护它们至关重要”；casual意为”随意的”，curious意为”好奇的”， cautious意为”谨慎的”，均不符合语境，故选A。 2.补全句子答案： 1.ethics 2.provocation 3.identical 4.Crucially 5.abused 6.inferiority 7.sexual 8.obstacle 9.accurate 10.abusing 3.首字母填空答案： 1.ethical 2.provoke 3.identical 4.crucial 5.abuse 6.inferior 7.reproductive 8.barrier 9. accurate 10.abuse 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit9:Human Biology Lesson 1