Unit 9 Human Biology Topic Talk-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（北师大版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·北师大版·Unit9:Hum anBiology TopicTalk 一、重点单词详解 1:capability 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.(完成困难事情的能力，才能 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：capable(adj.有能力的) 形容词：capable'kerpabl/(adj.有能力的；能胜任的) 名词：capability(由capable+-ity构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词(capable) be capable of doing sth.(有能力做某事) capable leader/team(有能力的领导者/团队) 名词（capability) develop/improve capability(培养/提升能力) beyond/within capability(超出/在能力范围内) technical/operational capability(技术/操作能力) 四、重点辨析 capability:侧重'潜在/综合能力”，尤指完成复杂任务的能力（如technological capability)。 ability:侧重”实际操作能力”，搭配不定式(ability to do sth.)。 五、作文高级句型 The development of innovation capability is crucial for teenagers to adapt to future chal- lenges 培养创新能力对青少年适应未来挑战至关重要。 2:justify 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.证明…有道理，为…辩护 一、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：just(adj.公正的；合理的) 形容词：justifiable/d3 Astrfarabl/(adj.可辩解的；有道理的) 名词：justification/,d3 stifi'ker/(n.正当理由；辩护) 三、用法与常见搭配 justify sth.（证明某事合理) justif)doing sth.(证明做某事有理) justify oneself(为自己辩护) hard to justify(难以辩解) 四、拓展用法 被动语态：be justified in doing sth.(做某事有正当理由) She was justified in asking for an explanation. 五、作文高级句型 No excuse can justify cheating in exams,as honesty is the foundation of study. 任何借口都不能为考试作弊辩护，因为诚信是学习的基础。 3:infer 核心考点 词性：动词(t) 核心义：vt推断，推定 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：inference/Infarens/(n.推断；结论) 形容词：inferential/,mf'renl/(adj.推理的；推论的) 三、用法与常见搭配 infer sth.from sth.（从…推断出…) 例：We can infer the result from the data. it is inferred that..(据推断…) 四、重点辨析 infer:”由证据推断”（主语是人)，搭配fom。 imply:”暗示”（主语是事物），如His silence implied agreement. 五、作文高级句型 Readers can infer the author's attitude from the tone of the passage. 读者可以从文章语气中推断作者的态度。 4:calculate 一、核心考点 词性：动词(vt.) 核心义：t计算，核算 二flies、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：calculated'kaelkjulertrd/(ad.故意的；计算出的) 名词：calculation/,kaelkju'len/(n.计算；估计) 计算器：calculator/kalkjulerta/(n.计算器) 三、用法与常见搭配 calculate sth.(计算某物) calculate the cost/isk/result（计算成本/风险/结果) calculate on sth.（指望某事) 例：We calculated on his support. 四、拓展用法 被动语态：be calculated to do sth.(旨在做某事) The policy is calculated to reduce pollution. 五、作文高级句型 Scientists calculated that the project would take three years to complete. 科学家们估算这项工程需要三年完成。 5:innovate 一、核心考点 词性：动词(i.&vt.) 核心义：i.&t.革新，创新，改革 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：innovative/'navertrv/(adj.创新的；新颖的) 名词：innovation/,m3'vern/(n.创新；革新) 创新者：innovator/neveita/(n.创新者) 三、用法与常见搭配 innovate in sth.(在某领域创新) innovate on/upon(对…进行改革) innovative ideas/technology(创新理念/技术) drive innovation(推动创新) 四、重点辨析 innovate: 侧重？改进现有事物”（如innovate a design)。 create: 侧重”从无到有创造”(create a new product)。 五、作文高级句型 Only by innovating continuously can companies stay competitive in the market. 企业只有不断创新才能在市场中保持竞争力。 6:betterment 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高 构词法（词性转换） 词根：better(adj.更好的；v.改进) 动词：better/bete/(v.改善；超过) 形容词比较级：better(good/well的比较级) 三、用法与常见搭配 social/,economic betterment(社会/经济改善) strive for betterment(追求进步) contribute to betterment(促进改善) 四、拓展用法 动词(better) better oneself(提升自我) 例：She studied hard to better herself, 五、作文高级句型 Education is the key to personal betterment and social progress 教育是个人提升与社会进步的关键。 7:resilience 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.恢复力，复原力，适应力 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：resilient /rI'zrlient/(adj.有韧性的；能复原的) 三、用法与常见搭配 mental resilience(心理韧性) build/strengthen resilience(培养/增强适应力) resilience to stress/failure(对压力/失败的承受力) 四、语境应用 Athletes need strong resilience to overcome injuries. 五、作文高级句型 Cultivating resilience helps teenagers bounce back from setbacks. 培养韧性有助于青少年从挫折中恢复。 8:participant 、核心考点 词性：名词(.) 核心义：n.参加者，参与者 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：participate/pa:'tIsIpert/（vi.参加；参与) 形容词：participatory /pa:,tsr'pertari/(adj.参与式的) 三、用法与常见搭配 participant in sth.(某活动的参与者) active participant(积极参与者) 动词搭配(participate) participate in(参加…) 例：All students participated in the debate. 四、重点辨析 participant:侧重”主动参与”（如a participant in the game)。 attendant:侧重”出席者”（如a conference attendant)。 五、作文高级句型 Every participant in the project contributed unique ideas. 项目中的每位参与者都贡献了独特的想法。 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The company is working hard to develop its technologicalto compete globally. A)capability B)ability C)capacity D)talent 2.No reason can_such rude behavior towards teachers in class. A)justify B)infer C)calculate D)innovate 3.From the data collected,scientists can that climate change is accelerating. A)imply B)infer C)conclude D)suggest 4.The project team_that the construction would require an additional two months. A)calculated B)inferred C)justified D)participated 5.To stay ahead in the market,companies must continuously_their products and services. A)create B)innovate C)discover D)invent 6.Education plays a key role in theof individuals and society as a whole. A)betterment B)development C)improvement D)growth 7.Mental helps people recover quickly from failures and setbacks A)resistance B)resilience C)persistence D)tolerance 8.All in the debate competition will receive a certificate of participation. A)attendants B)participants C)audiences D)observers 9.The new policy is_to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas A)calculated B)designed C)aimed D)intended 10.The research team_a new method to improve energy efficiency in buildings. A)innovated B)created chem C)discovered D)invented (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.She showed great (resilient)in overcoming the challenges of her illness. 2.The government's new plan is focused on the(better)of rural living conditions. 3.We need to(calculation)the total cost before starting the project. 4.His(justify)for being late was not accepted by the teacher. 5.The team's(innovate)approach solved the problem efficiently. 6.The(participate)in the workshop will receive a training manual. 7.It is difficult to(inference)the author's intention from the vague description. 8.The company's technical_(capable)has been widely recognized in the industry. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The school provides various courses to develop students'creative c_ 2.You need to jyour decision to leave the team with a valid reason 3.From his silence,we can i that he disagrees with the proposal. 4.Engineers c_the risk of the bridge collapsing under extreme weather 5.The company aims to iin renewable energy technology next year. 6.Reading widely contributes to personal band intellectual growth. 7.Athletes must build strong r to deal with the pressure of competitions 8.All p in the experiment signed a consent form before starting. 9.The new software is cto simplify data analysis for researchers. 10.Continuous i is essential for a company to survive in a competitive market. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AAB A BA BBAA 解析1（第1题）： 考查capability的固定用法。technological capability表示”技术能力”，符合句意”公司 正在努力发展其技术能力以在全球竞争”；ability强调”实际操作能力”，capacity强调” 容量”，talent强调”天赋”，均不符合语境，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查justify的固定用法。justify表示”证明…有道理”，符合句意”没有任何理由可以 为课堂上对老师的粗鲁行为辩护；infer表示推断”，calculate表示”计算”，innovate 表示”创新”，均不符合语境，故选A。 解析3（第3题）： 考查infer的固定用法。infer表示”从证据推断”，符合句意”从收集的数据中，科学家 可以推断气候变化正在加速；imply表示”暗示”，conclude表示”得出结论”，suggest 表示”建议”，均不符合语境，故选B。 2.补全句子答案： 1.resilience 2.betterment 3.calculate 4.justification 5.innovative 6.participants 7.infer 8. capability 3.首字母填空答案： 1.capability 2.justify 3.infer 4.calculated 5.innovate 6.betterment 7.resilience 8.partici- pants 9.calculated 10.innovation 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit9:Human Biology Topic Talk