Unit 5 Education Lesson1-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册期末词汇复习（北师大版）

期末词汇复习 选修2·北师大版·Unit5:EducationLesson1 一、重点单词详解 1:enlighten 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v,) 核心义：t启迪；指导，教导 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：ight(n.光：v.照亮) 前缀en-(使…)+light（光)+-en(动词后缀)→使获得光明→启迪 形容词：enlightened(开明的；有见识的〉 名词：enlightenment(启迪；启蒙运动) 三、用法与常见搭配 enlighten sb.on/about sth.(启发某人了解某事) be enlightened by(被…启发) The teacher enlightened us on the importance of critical thinking. 四、重点辨析 enlighten vs.instruct enlighten侧重”启发智慧、使人顿悟；instruct侧重”系统教授知识或技能？。 2:exceptionally 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.极其，非常 二、了 构词法（词性转换） 词根：except(v.除外) 形容词：exceptional(杰出的；例外的) 副词：exceptionally(exceptional+-ly) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰形容词/副词：exceptionally beautiful(极其美丽)；exceptionally well(做得非常好) 例：She is exceptionally talented in music. 四、拓展 反义词：normally(通常地)；commonly(一般地) 3:severe 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.很严重的；严厉的 构词法（词性转换） 副词：severely(严重地；严厉地) 名词：severity(严重性；严厉) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰名词：severe pain(剧痛)；severe punishment(严厉惩罚)；severe weather(恶劣天 气) 固定搭配：be severe with sb.(对某人严厉) The region suffered severe damage from the earthquake. 四、重点辨析 severe vs.strict severe强调”程度严重或态度苛刻；strict侧重”遵守规则时的严格”。 4:stubborn 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.固执的；倔强的 构词法 词源关联：sb(n.树桩)→像树桩一样难以移动→固执 名词：stubbornness(固执) 三、用法与常见搭配 描述人/行为：a stubborn child(固执的孩子)；stubborn resistance(顽强抵抗) 固定搭配：be stubborn about sth.（对某事固执) 例：He was stubborn about refusing help 四、拓展 近义词：obstinate(更正式)；adamant(语气更强，”坚定不移) 5:grasp 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t理解，领会；抓住n.抓住；理解 二、构词法 多词性：动词/名词同形 形容词：grasping（贪婪的；紧抓的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：grasp the meaning（理解意思)；grasp an opportunity（抓住机会) 名词搭配：have a good grasp of(精通…)；beyond one's grasp(无法理解/触及) 例：She has a firm grasp of advanced mathematics. 四、重点辨析 grasp vs.seize grasp侧重”心智上的理解或牢牢抓住；seize侧重突然/用力抓住。 6:complex 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.复杂的；难以理解的n.综合体 构词法（词性转换） 动词：complicate(使复杂) 名词：complexity(复杂性) 副词：complexly（复杂地) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰名词：a complex problem（复杂问题)；a shopping complex（购物中心) 固定搭配：be complex in structure(结构复杂) The relationship between the two countries is complex. 四、重点辨析 complex vs.complicated complex强调”由多部分组成的复杂”；complicated侧重”因混乱而难以理解”。 7:puzzle 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：vt.使困惑n.谜题；困惑 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：puzzled(困惑的)：puzzling(令人困惑的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：puzzle sb.(使某人困惑)；puzzle over sth.(苦苦思索某事) 名词搭配：solve a puzzle(解谜)；in a puzzle（困惑不解) 例：Her strange behavior puzzled her friends. 四、拓展 近义词：confuse(使混淆)；bewilder(使茫然) 8:breakthrough 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.突破；重大进展 构词法 合成词：break(打破)+through(穿过)→突破障碍→重大进展 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：make/achieve a breakthrough(取得突破) 介词搭配：a breakthrough in sth.(某领域的突破) Scientists announced a breakthrough in cancer research. 四、拓展 近义词：advance(进展)；innovation（创新) 9:abstract 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（adj.) 核心义：adj.抽象的n.摘要 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：abstract（/eb'straekt//t.提取；抽象化) 名词：abstraction(抽象概念) 三、 用法与常见搭配 修饰名词：abstract art(抽象艺术)；abstract ideas(抽象概念) 固定搭配：in the abstract(抽象地；理论上) Abstract thinking is an important cognitive skill 四、重点辨析 abstract vs.concrete abstract(抽象的)与concrete(具体的)互为反义词。 10:enthusiastic 核心考点 词性：形容词（ad) 核心义：adj.热心的；热衷的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：enthusiasm（热情；热衷) 副词：enthusiastically(热情地) 三、用法与常见搭配 固定搭配：be enthusiastic about sth./doing sth.(热衷于某事/做某事) Students are enthusiastic about the new project. 四、拓展 近义词：passionate(充满激情的)：zealous(狂热的，语气更强) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择（10题) 1.The teacher tried to the students on the importance of environmental protection. A)instruct B)enlighten C)inform D)educate 2.She performed_well in the piano competition and won first prize. A)normally B)commonly C)exceptionally D)usually 3.The government has taken strict measures to deal with the_air pollution in big cities A)severe B)strict C)serious D)harsh 4.Despite repeated advice,he remained_about changing his bad habits A)stubborn B)strict C)severe D)obstinate 5.It took me a long time to the main idea of the complex article A)seize B)grasp C)catch D)hold 6.The relationship between the two companies requires careful handling. A)complicated B)complex C)confused D)composite 7.Her sudden decision to quit her job_all her colleagues. A)confused B)puzzled C)bewildered D)amazed 8.Scientists have made a major in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A)advance B)innovation C)breakthrough D)progress 9.art often uses shapes and colors instead of realistic images. A)Abstract B)Concrete C)Specific D)Detailed 10.The students areabout participating in the upcoming science fair. A)passionate B)zealous C)enthusiastic D)eager (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The professor's lecture provided great_(enlighten)for our research. 2.The team's_(perform)was exceptionally good in the final match. 3.The(severely)of the storm surprised meteorologists 4.His(stubborn)made it difficult to reach an agreement. 5.She has a good(grasp)of English grammar and vocabulary. 6.The_(complex)of the problem requires a collaborative solution. 7.We were_(puzzle)by the sudden disappearance of the historical document. 8.This new technology is a significant(breakthrough)in renewable energy 9.The_(abstract)of the paper summarizes its key findings. 10.Their(enthusiastic)for volunteer work inspired many young people (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Reading widely can e your mind and expand your horizons 2.The mountain region is ecold in winter,with temperatures below-20C 3.The patient is suffering from s headaches that require immediate treatment 4.My little brother is sabout refusing to eat vegetables,no matter how we persuade him 5.It's important to gevery opportunity to improve your skills 6.The new subway system connects several residential and commercial c_. 7.The meaning of the poem was pand took me hours to understand. 8.After years of research,the scientists finally made a bin cancer treatment. 9.Children often find it hard to understand aconcepts like justice or freedom. 10.The teacher was ewhen she heard her students had won the national competition. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BCA A BBB CA C 解析1（第1题）： 考查enlighten的固定用法。enlighten sb.on/about sth.表示”启发某人了解某事”，符合 句意”老师试图启发学生了解环境保护的重要性”；instruct侧重”系统教授”，inform侧 重”告知信息”，educate侧重”教育培养”，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析2（第2题)： 考查exceptionally的用法。exceptionally well表示？做得非常好”，符合句意”她在钢琴 比赛中表现得非常好并赢得一等奖；normally表示”通常”，commonly表示”一般地， usually表示”通常”，均不符合语境，故选C。 解析3（第7题）： 考查puzzle的用法。puzzle sb.表示”使某人困惑”，符合句意”她突然决定辞职让所有 同事都感到困惑”；confuse强调”混淆”，bewilder强调”使茫然”，amaze强调”使惊讶”， 均不符合语境，故选B。 2.补全句子答案： 1.enlightenment 2.performance 3.severity 4.stubbornness 5.grasp 6.complexity 7.puz- zled 8.breakthrough 9.abstract 10.enthusiasm 3.首字母填空答案： 1.enlighten 2.exceptionally 3.severe 4.stubborn 5.grasp 6.complexes 7.puzzling 8 breakthrough 9.abstract 10.enthusiastic 英语词汇复习手册·选修2·Unit5:Education Lesson 1