内容正文:
期末词汇复习
选修3·北师大版·Unit8:LiteratureLesson3
一、重点单词详解
1:violent
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.强烈的;暴力的,强暴的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:iol(力量,暴力)+-et(形容词后缀,表示”具有…性质的)
名词:violence /'varelans/.(暴力;猛烈)
副词:violently /'varelantli/(猛烈地;暴力地)
三、用法与常见搭配
表示”暴力的”:violent crime(暴力犯罪):violent attack(暴力袭击)
表示”强烈的”:violent storm(猛烈的风暴):violent reaction(强烈反应)
固定搭配:be violent towards sb.(对某人施暴);a violent death(暴力致死)
四、拓展辨析
violent vs.fierce:violent侧重”暴力性、破坏性,如violent protests(暴力抗议);fierce
侧重”凶猛、激烈,如fierce competition(激烈竞争)
2:recollection
一、
核心考点
词性:名词(n)
核心义:n.想起,记起;回忆
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:collect(收集)→re-(再次)+collect(收集)+-ion(名词后缀)→”再次收集
记忆”→回忆
动词:recollect/reka'lekt/(记起,回忆)
形容词:recollective/,reka'lektrv/(回忆的,记忆的)
三、用法与常见搭配
不可数名词(表”记忆能力”):have a good/bad1 ecollection of(对…记忆好/差)
可数名词(表”具体回忆?):pleasant1 ecollections(愉快的回忆)
固定句型:in recollection(在回忆中);to the best of one's recollection(据某人所能回忆)
四、拓展辨析
recollection vs..memory:recollection更正式,强调”有意识地回忆?”;memory泛指”记
忆”,如childhood memory(童年记忆)
3:desperation
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.绝望;拼命,不顾一切
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:despair(绝望)→desper(由despair变形)+-ation(名词后缀)
形容词:desperate/desparat/(绝望的;拼命的)
副词:desperately/desperetli/(绝望地;极度地)
三、用法与常见搭配
表”绝望”:drive sb.to desperation(使某人陷入绝望);in desperation(绝望地)
表”拼命”:act from desperation(出于绝望而行动);a desperate attempt(孤注一掷的尝
试)
四、拓展用法
desperate的特殊含义:”极度渴望的”,如be desperate for success(渴望成功);极困
难的”,如desperate situation(绝境)
4:preservation
、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.维护;保护;保存
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:seve(保存,服务)→pre-(预先)+sev(保存)+-ation(名词后缀)→预先
保存”→保护
动词:preserve /pII'Z3:v/(保护;保存)
形容词:preservative/pr'z3:vatv/(防腐的;保护性的)
三、用法与常见搭配
固定搭配:preservation of cultural heritage(文化遗产保护);food preservation(食品保
存)
介词搭配:in preservation(保存完好);for preservation(为了保护)
四、拓展辨析
preservation vs.conservation:preservation侧重”保持原样不被破坏”,如preservation of
ancient buildings(古建筑保护);conservation侧重”合理利用与保护”,如conservation
of energy(能源节约)
5:nevertheless
、
核心考点
词性:副词(adv.)
核心义:adv.然而,不过;尽管如此
二、构词法
由never(从不)+he+less(较少)构成,字面意为”从不更少”→”依然,然而”
三、用法与常见搭配
作副词,修饰整个句子,可位于句首、句中或句尾:
-He was ti位ed,nevertheless,.he kept working..(他很累,然而仍在工作。)
-Nevertheless,we must try again..(尽管如此,我们必须再试一次。)
作连词(非正式),相当于however,但语气较弱
四、拓展辨析
nevertheless vs.however::nevertheless语气更正式,强调”尽管有前因,结果仍不变;
however可位于句中,用逗号隔开,如He,however,,disagreed.(然而他不同意。)
6:evidently
核心考点
词性:副词(adv.)
核心义:adv.明显地,显然
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:evidence(证据)→evident(adj.明显的)+-y(副词后缀)
形容词:evident/evident/(明显的,显然的)
名词:evidence/evidans/(证据;迹象)
三、用法与常见搭配
修饰句子或动词,表”根据证据判断”:Evidently,she has made up her mind.(显然她已下
定决心。)
固定句型:It is evident that..(显然…),如It is evident that he is lying.(显然他在撒
谎。)
四、拓展辨析
evidently vs..obviously:evidently侧重有证据支持的明显”;obviously侧重’一目了然
的明显”,如obviously wrong(明显错误)
7:utter
一、核心考点
词性:动词(vt.)、形容词(adj.)
核心义:vt.(尤指吃力地)发出(声音);adj.完全的,彻底的
二、
构词法(多词性转换)
动词:utter(发音;表达)→形容词:utter(完全的,由动词引申为”彻底发出的”→”
完全的”)
副词:utterly/'Ateli/(完全地,彻底地)
三、用法与常见搭配
作动词:utter a sound/word(发出声音/说出单词);utter a sigh(发出叹息)
作形容词(只用于名词前):utter darkness(漆黑一片);utter nonsense(一派胡言)
副词搭配:utterly exhausted(筋疲力尽):utterly different(完全不同)
四、拓展辨析
utter vs.peak:uter侧重”艰难地发出声音”,如utter a weak cry(发出微弱的哭声);
speak泛指”说话,如speak English(说英语)
8:polished
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:ad.擦亮的,磨光的:
精湛的:精致的
二、构词法(词性转换)
动词:polish/pDlY(擦亮;润色)polish+-ed(形容词后缀,表示”已完成的”)
名词:polish/pol(光泽;润色)
三、用法与常见搭配
表示”擦亮的':polished shoes(擦亮的鞋子):polished surface(光滑的表面)》
表示精湛的:polished演技(精湛的演技):polished writing(精炼的写作)
固定搭配:polished manners(优雅的举止);highly polished(高度精炼的)
四、拓展用法
polish作动词的常见搭配:polish sth.up(把某物擦亮/润色),如polish up an essay(润
色论文)
9:construction
、
核心考点】
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:.建筑物:建造物;建造,建筑;结构
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:struct(建造)→con-(共同)+struct(建造)+-ion(名词后缀)
动词:construct./kn'strakt/(建造;构思)
形容词:constructive/kan'straktrv/(建设性的;有益的)
三、
用法与常见搭配
表”建造”(不可数):construction of the bridge(桥梁建造);under construction(在建造
中)
表”建筑物”(可数):modern constructions(现代化建筑)
表”结构”:sentence construction(句子结构);grammatical construction(语法结构)
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.The_storm caused severe damage to the coastal village.
A)violent
B)fierce
C)evident
D)polished
2.To the best of my I have never seen this man before.
A)memory
B)recollection
C)preservation
D)desperation
3.The company is in a_situation and may have to close down.
A)desperate
B)violently
C)utter
D)constructive
4.The government has taken measures for the_of ancient temples.
A)conservation
B)preservation
C)construction
D)recollection
5.She was very tired;_,she continued to work on her project.
A)therefore
B)otherwise
C)nevertheless
D)obviously
6.he has decided to quit his job and travel around the world.
A)Evidently
B)Utterly
C)Desperately
D)Violently
7.The old man could hardly_a word due to his illness.
A)speak
B)utter
C)polish
D)construct
8.Her_performance in the play impressed the audience deeply
A)violent
B)desperate
C)polished
D)evident
9.The new bridge is still underand will open next year.
A)construction
B)preservation
C)desperation
D)recollection
10.The villagers acted from-when their homes were destroyed by the flood.
A)violence
B)desperation
C)memory
D)evidence
(二)根据提示补全句子(6题)
1.The police are investigating the(violent)that occurred last night.
2.She has a good(recollect)of her childhood in the countryside.
3.The team made a(desperation)attempt to win the game in the last minute.
4.We need to take action for the(preserve)of endangered species.
5.He was(utter)shocked by the news of his friend's death
6.The-(construct)of the new airport will create thousands of jobs
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.The patient's condition deteriorated vafter the operation.
2.In r,she realized she had made a big mistake.
3.The villagers were driven to d by the long drought
4.Salt has been used for food pfor centuries
5.He failed the exam;n,he didn't lose confidence
6.E,the company will need to hire more employees next month
7.The little girl u a cry of surprise when she saw the gift
8.The(p)surface of the table reflected the light brightly
9.The sentence c_is too complicated for beginners to understand.
10.The old photo brought back p recollections of her youth.
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:A B A B CA B CA B
解析1(第1题):
考查violent的用法。iolent storm表示”猛烈的风暴’,符合句意”猛烈的风暴对沿海村
庄造成了严重破坏;fierce侧重”凶猛”,evident表示明显的”,polished表示”精致
的”,均不符合语境,故选A。
解析2(第2题):
考查recollection的固定搭配。to the best of one's recollection表示”据某人所能回忆”,符
合句意”据我回忆,我以前从未见过这个人;memory泛指”记忆”,preservation表示”
保护,desperation表示”绝望”,均不符合语境,故选B。
解析3(第5题):
考查nevertheless的用法。nevertheless表示”然而,不过”,符合句意”她很累;然而,她
继续做她的项目”;therefore表示”因此”,otherwise表示否则,obviously表示”显然”,
均不符合语境,故选C。
2.补全句子答案:
1.violence 2.recollection 3.desperate 4.preservation 5.utterly 6.construction
3.首字母填空答案:
1.violently 2.recollection 3.desperation 4.preservation 5.nevertheless 6.Evidently 7.ut-
tered 8.polished 9.construction 10.pleasant
英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit8:Literature Lesson3