Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson3-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册期末词汇复习（北师大版）

期末词汇复习 必修2·北师大版·Unit5:HumansandNature Lesson.3 、 重点单词详解 1:preparation 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.预备，准备 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：prepare(V.准备) 动词：prepare(t.准备；使适合) 形容词：prepared(adj.准备好的；有准备的) 名词：preparation（由prepare+-ation名词后缀构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词(prepare) prepare for sth.（为某事做准备) prepare to do sth.(准备做某事) prepare sb.for sth.(使某人对某事做好准备) 名词（preparation) make preparations for(为…做准备) in preparation for(作为…的准备) without preparation(毫无准备地) 四、拓展用法 可数与不可数：表示准备工作”时常用复数preparations;表示抽象概念”准备”时不可 数（如The plan needs careful preparation..) 2:anxious 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山j) 核心义：adj.焦虑的；渴望的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 副词：anxiously/ankfasli/（焦虑地；不安地) 名词：anxiety/e)'zareti/(n.焦虑；渴望) 三、 用法与常见搭配 be anxious about sth.(为某事焦虑) be anxious for sb./sth.(渴望某人/某物) be anxious to do sth.(渴望做某事) be anxious that..（担心…；渴望…，从句用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可 省略) 四、辨析 anxious vs.eager:anxious强调因担心而”焦虑的渴望”，eager侧重”积极的渴望（如 He is eager to succeed.他渴望成功。He is anxious about the exam.他为考试焦虑。) 3:ambition 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.抱负，雄心；追求 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：ambitious/em'brs/(adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的) 动词：ambition(vt.追求；有…的野心，较少见) 三、用法与常见搭配 achieve/realize one's ambition(实现某人的抱负) have the ambition to do sth.(有做某事的抱负) 形容词搭配：great//strong ambition(远大/强烈的抱负) 四、拓展用法 ambition可作可数或不可数名词，指”具体抱负”时可数，指”抽象野心”时不可数（如 His ambition is to become a scientist.) 4:exploration 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.探险；探索 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：explore /ik'spl:)/(vt.探索；勘探) 名词：explorer /ik'splb:Ira/(n.探险者；勘察者) 三、用法与常见搭配 space/ocean exploration(太空/海洋探索) the exploration of sth.(对某事的探索) 动词搭配：carry out exploration（进行探索) 四、拓展 explore的常见搭配：explore a new area(探索新领域)；explore the possibility(探讨可能 性) 5:prove 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v,证明：证实；结果是 二、词性转换与用法 prove可作系动词，后接形容词或名词，意为”结果是；被发现是”（如The task proved dif伍clt.任务结果很困难。) 动词搭配：prove sth.tosb.(向某人证明某事) prove+that从句（证明…） prove oneself(证明自己的能力) 拓展 prove的过去分词有两种形式：proven（多用于形容词，如a proven method经过验证的 方法)和proved(用于动词过去分词，如He has proved his innocence..) 6:distant 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.遥远的；疏远的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：distance/drstans//(n.距离；疏远) 动词：distance/distans/(vt.疏远；与…保持距离) 三、用法与常见搭配 be distant from(离…遥远) in the distant past/ftre(在遥远的过去/未来) distant relative（远亲) 四、拓展 distance的搭配：keep one's distance from(与…保持距离)；at a distance（在远处) 7:sincere 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.真诚的；诚挚的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：sincerity/srn'serati/(n.真诚，真挚) 副词：sincerely/srn'sreli/(真诚地；诚挚地，书信结尾常用Sincerely yours) 三、 用法与常见搭配 be sincere about sth.(对某事真诚) a sincere apology(真诚的道歉) 四、辨析 sincere vs..honest::sincere侧重情感或态度的”真诚”（如sincere thanks诚挚的感谢）， honest强调”诚实不撒谎？（如an honest person诚实的人） 8:bravery 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.勇气；勇敢的行为 二、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：brave/brerv/(adj.勇敢的) 动词：brave/brerv/(vt.勇敢面对；冒风险) 三、用法与常见搭配 show/display bravery(表现出勇气) act of bravery(勇敢的行为) 四、拓展 brave的搭配：brave the storm（冒着暴风雨)；brave enough to do sth.（足够勇敢做某事) 9:polar 、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.极地的；地极的；完全相反的 二、用法与常见搭配 polar bear（北极熊) polar region（极地地区) polar opposite(完全相反的事物) 三、拓展 构词联想：pole /paul/(n.极；杆)，polar由pole十-ar（形容词后缀，表.…的)构成 10:base 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(t.) 核心义：n.基地，大本营；基础/t以…为基地 二、词性转换与用法 形容词：basic/bersik/(adj.基本的：基础的) 副词：basically/bersikli/(基本上；大体上) 动词搭配：base A on B(把A建立在B的基础上，如The theory is based on facts.理论 以事实为基础。) 名词搭配：military base（军事基地)：the base of sth.(某物的底部/基础) 三、辨析 base vs.basis::base侧重具体的”基地；底部？（如a mountain base山脚），basis侧重抽 象的”基础”（如on the basis of基于…) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The team spent three months in_for the upcoming competition. A)prepare B)preparation C)prepared D)preparing 2.She was_about her son's safety when he didn't return home on time. A)anxious B)eager C)sincere D)honest 3.His lifelong_is to become a leading scientist in the field of environmental protection. A)ambition B)anxious C)bravery D)exploration 4.The_of the Amazon rainforest has led to many new discoveries A)explore B)explorer C)exploration D)explored 5.The new treatment to be effective in clinical trials. A)proved B)proven C)proving D)proves 6.The small village is located in a_area,far from any big cities. A)distance B)distant C)basing D)polar 7.Please accept my_apology for the mistake I made yesterday. A)sincere B)honestly C)sincerity D)anxious 8.The soldier was awarded a medal for his_during the rescue mission A)brave B)bravery C)bravely D)braving 9.bears are facing increasing threats due to climate change in the Arctic. A)Pole B)Polar C)Basing D)Distant 10.The company decided to its European operations in Berlin. A)base B)basis C)basic D)basically (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.We need to make full_(prepare)for the exam next week. 2.Her(anxious)about the result made her unable to sleep 3.He is an_(ambition)young man who wants to start his own business. 4.The astronauts carried out a series of space_(explore)tasks. 5.This method has been(prove)to be reliable over the years. 6.The(distant)between the two cities is about 500 kilometers 7.She spoke with (sincere)about her love for music. 8.The little girl showed great_(brave)when she saved her brother from the fire. 9.The North and South(pole)regions are covered with ice all year round. 10.The theory is_(base)on extensive research and data analysis. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Without proper p,the project is likely to fail. 2.Parents are often aabout their children's academic performance. 3.Having a clear acan help you stay motivated in life 4.The team is planning a new eto study the deep-sea ecosystem 5.Facts have pthat exercise is beneficial to mental health 6.In the d past,people used horses as the main means of transport. 7.A ssmile can make communication more pleasant and effective. 8.His act of b in the face of danger inspired many people around him 9.P bears rely on sea ice for hunting seals and raising their cubs. 10.The company's success is bon its commitment to quality and innovation. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BAACABABBA 2.补全句子答案：preparations anxiety ambitious exploration proven distance sincerity bravery Pole based 3.首字母填空答案：preparation anxious ambition exploration proven distant sincere bravery Polar based 英语词汇复习手册·必修2·Unit5:umans and Nature Lesson3