寒假作业05 动词时态（巩固培优）（高考真题+名校热点话题练习）高二英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 动词时态 谓语动词的16种时态（以动词do为例） 体 时间 一般体 进行体 完成体 完成进行体 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing Had done had been doing 将来 will /shall do will/shall be doing will/shall have done will/shall have been doing 过去将来 would/should do would/should do would/should have done would/should have been doing 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、高考真题练习 1.（2025年全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” 【60题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 【61题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 2.（2025年全国二卷）The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____61____ (be) one of them. 答案：is。 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 3.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____ ____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【答案】walks 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 4.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 5.（2024年浙江卷1月语法填空）Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】have started 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 6.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）They ________（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 二、单句语法填空 1．It was only in his darkest hours that he (refer) to himself in the third person. 【答案】referred 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：只有在他最黑暗的时刻，他才会用第三人称来称呼自己。本句为强调句型，强调的是时间状语only in his darkest hours，空格处是句子的谓语部分，根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，refer的过去式是referred。故填referred。 2．Given the complexity of the experiment, I hope you (maintain) concentration during the process. 【答案】will maintain 【详解】考查情态动词+do。句意：考虑到实验的复杂性，我希望在这个过程中你保持专注。空处为宾语从句的谓语，结合句意可知，此处应为一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作，所以此处谓语动词为will maintain。故填can maintain/will maintain。 3．He works overtime at weekends a lot, and it (be) two months since he visited his parents. 【答案】has been/is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他周末经常加班，离他上次看望父母已经两个月了。根据句意和句中“since he visited his parents”可知，句子应用现在完成时，句式为“have/has done”，it为句子主语，助动词用has，be的过去分词为been，主语it指的是是时间，此处可使用一般现在时，所以谓语动词为也可以is。故填has been/is。 4．As a famous talk show host, he (entertain) millions of viewers every week with his witty humor. 【答案】entertains 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：作为著名脱口秀主持人，他每周都用诙谐的幽默为数百万观众带来欢乐。根据时间状语“every week”和语境可知，“entertain (娱乐、使欢乐)”是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，且主语“he”为第三人称单数，谓语动词“entertain”应用第三人称单数形式。故填entertains。 5．The soldiers (flee) the battlefield when they realized they were outnumbered. 【答案】fled 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：士兵们意识到自己寡不敌众时就逃离了战场。该句中“when”引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时（realized），主句也用一般过去时，flee的过去式为fled，符合时态要求和语境。故填fled。 6．As the doors opened and Wang (step) onto the platform, his watch showed just 40 seconds remaining—an exciting margin (差距) 198 success and failure. 【答案】stepped 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当车门打开，王踏上站台时，他的手表显示仅剩 40 秒 —— 这是成功与失败之间激动人心的差距。空处为句子谓语动词，句子描述过去发生的动作，且 step（踏，踩）与前文 opened（打开）为并列谓语，时态需一致，所以用一般过去时。故填 stepped。 7．In ancient times, people   (light) firecrackers to drive away evil spirits. 【答案】lit 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在古代，人们会燃放鞭炮来驱赶邪灵。根据句中时间状语“in ancient times (在古代)”和语境可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词“light”用不规则变化的过去式lit。故填lit。 8．The craft (follow) an old and strict process: firstly, plump (饱满的) local soybeans are immersed in spring water for 12 hours... 【答案】follows 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该工艺遵循着一套古老且严格的流程：首先，饱满的当地大豆会被浸泡在泉水中 12 个小时……句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，The craft 是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填follows。 9．“Hanfu has a unique beauty as its design (showcase) distinct Chinese style,” she told Xinhua. 【答案】showcases 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“汉服有着独特的美，因为它的设计彰显了鲜明的中国风格，”她在接受新华社采访时表示。根据语境可知，句子描述的是“汉服设计彰显中国风格”这一客观特点，应用一般现在时；主语“its design”为单数概念，谓语动词“showcase”应用第三人称单数形式。故填showcases。 10．A number of students (participate) in the English speech contest at the moment. 【答案】are participating 【详解】考查谓语动词的时态与主谓一致。句意：目前有许多学生正在参加英语演讲比赛。“a number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；at the moment为现在进行时的标志，强调动作正在进行，故填 are participating。 11．The research team (achieve) remarkable progress in developing new energy vehicles since 2023. 【答案】has achieved 【详解】考查谓语动词的时态与主谓一致。句意：自 2023 年以来，该研究团队在新能源汽车研发方面取得了显著进展。主语the research team表示“团队整体”，视为单数；“since 2023”为现在完成时的标志词，强调动作从过去持续到现在，故填has achieved。 12．Each dog (weigh) about 65 kilograms and can work in heavy rain or extreme heat. 【答案】weighs 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每只狗重约65公斤，能在大雨或极端高温下工作。句子描述的是狗的体重特征这一客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“Each dog”为单数概念，谓语动词“weigh”应用第三人称单数形式。故填weighs。 13．Krasznahorkai visited China in 1991 and (become) interested in Chinese culture ever since. 【答案】has become 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：克拉斯纳霍凯于1991年访问中国，此后便对中国文化产生了兴趣。根据句中时间状语“ever since (从那以后)”和语境可知，此处强调动作从过去（1991年访问中国）开始持续到现在，应用现在完成时；主语“Krasznahorkai”为单数，助动词用“has”。故填has become。 14．Not only Labubu dolls appear on everyone’s lips, but they also boost Pop Mart’s shares by 180%. 【答案】do 【详解】考查部分倒装，时态和主谓一致。句意：拉布布玩偶（Labubu dolls）不仅成为人们热议的话题，而且它们还使泡泡玛特（Pop Mart）的股价上涨了180%。Not only位于句首时，引起句子部分倒装，有助动词，be动词或情态动词时，将助动词，be动词或情态动词提前到主语前面，没有这些的时候人为添加助动词do，does，did，由boost可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语Labubu dolls是复数，因此助动词用do，将do提前到主语Labubu dolls前。故填do。 15．Not only the young engineer solve the technical problem, but he also improved the production efficiency. 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：这位年轻的工程师不仅解决了技术难题，还提高了生产效率。Not only置于句首时，其所在分句需部分倒装，将助动词提到主语前。根据“improved”可知，此句是一般过去时，且主语 the young engineer为单数，此空应是助动词did。故填did。 16．He told me that he (prepare) for the upcoming exam all day yesterday. 【答案】was preparing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他告诉我，他昨天一整天都在为即将到来的考试做准备。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，根据句中all day yesterday可知，从句表示过去某一时间一直在发生的事，应用过去进行时，主语he是第三人称单数，be动词使用was。故填was preparing。 17．The final term (start) on September 1st, which means we have only two weeks of summer vacation left. 【答案】starts 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：本学期将于9月1日开始，这意味着我们只剩下两周暑假了。根据means以及句意可知，空处表示按时刻表或日程安排要发生的事情，应用一般现在时。主语term是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填starts。 18．Don’t call me between 8 and 10 pm tonight, as I (watch) my favorite TV series then. 【答案】will be watching 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：今晚8点到10点之间不要给我打电话，因为那时我正在看我最喜欢的电视剧。根据时间状语between 8 and 10 pm tonight可知，并强调在该时间段内将持续进行的动作，使用将来进行时。故填will be watching。 19．The writer, along with all the editors, (work) from home on Fridays according to the new policy. 【答案】works 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：按照新政策，作者和所有编辑在星期五都在家工作。根据“on Fridays”可知，这是一个习惯性、规律性的动作，故用一般现在时，主语部分有along with连接，遵循就远原则，谓语与the writer保持一致，是第三人称单数。故填works。 20．By the end of 2025, China (build) over 50,000 5G base stations in rural areas, providing high-speed internet access to millions of farmers. 【答案】will have built 【详解】考查将来完成时。句意：到2025年底，中国将在农村地区建成5万多个5G基站，为数百万农民提供高速互联网接入。根据时间状语by the end of 2025（到2025年底）可知，此处表示将来某个时间点前已经完成的动作，需用将来完成时。故填will have built。 21．Snow skin mooncakes (gain) popularity for their refreshing texture and vibrant colors in recent years. 【答案】have gained 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：近年来雪皮月饼因其清新的口感和鲜艳的色泽广受喜爱。根据时间状语in recent years（近年来）可知，此处需用现在完成时；主语snow skin mooncakes为复数，助动词用have。故填have gained。 22．The two-day event (feature) five Chinese films making their Italian debut. 【答案】featured 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：这场为期两天的活动展映了五部首次在意大利上映的中国影片。根据语境，活动发生在过去，需用一般过去时。故填featured。 23．During the famine, many people almost (starve) to death. 【答案】starved 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在饥荒期间，许多人几乎饿死。题干中“During the famine”（在饥荒期间）是表示过去的时间状语，描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时。所给词“starve”为动词原形，其过去式为规则变化“starved”。故填starved。 24．The company will (release) its new product next month. 【答案】release 【详解】考查动词。句意：公司将于下个月发布新产品。此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，结合空前will可知，空处应为动词原形。故填release。 25．The committee (consist) of ten members from different departments. 【答案】consists 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：该委员会由来自不同部门的十名成员组成。consist of意为“由……组成”；句子陈述一般事实，时态用一般现在时；主语The committee是第三人称单数，谓语用consist的第三人称单数形式。故填consists。 26．At that moment, the door (swing) open, and Roy walked in. 【答案】swung 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：正在这时，门开了，罗伊走了进来。空处作谓语，swing open意为“（旋转）打开”，结合“walked”可知，时态应用一般过去时，需用swing的过去式swung。故填swung。 27．The prices of the new models (range) from $500 to $2000. 【答案】range 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：新款产品的价格在500美元到2000美元之间。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故填range。 28．Last year, the company (seek) partnerships with three international firms to expand its business. 【答案】sought 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：去年，该公司为拓展业务，寻求与三家国际企业建立合作关系。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语Last year，应用一般过去时，故填sought。 29．Fan Jinshi’s life conveys a powerful truth that some of the most precious treasures (save) not in a hurry, but through a lifetime of patience, attention, and love. 【答案】are saved 【详解】考查动词的语态和时态。句意：樊锦诗的人生传递出一个深刻的真理：一些最珍贵的财富不是靠匆忙就能保存下来的，而是需要一生的耐心、专注和热爱。主语treasures与save之间是被动关系，且此处陈述客观真理，需用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are saved。 30．A moderate earthquake (strike) the northeastern United States early on Saturday. 【答案】struck 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：周六早些时候，一次中等强度的地震袭击了美国东北部。本空是句子谓语，根据时间状语early on Saturday可知，描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用strike“突击，攻击”的过去式。故填struck。 31．The table (measure) at least 1.50 meters in length. 【答案】measures 【详解】考查时态。句意：这张桌子的长度至少有1.5米。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为table，谓语用三单形式。故填measures。 32．To master basic English grammar rules (be) the key to improving your writing ability quickly. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：掌握基本的英语语法规则是快速提高写作能力的关键。“To master basic English grammar rules”是动词不定式短语作主语，看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，故填is。 33．As we (approach) the airport, we could see many planes taking off. 【答案】approached 【详解】考查时态。句意：当我们接近机场时，我们可以看到许多飞机起飞。本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用approach“接近”的过去式approached。故填approached。 34．The United Kingdom (comprise) of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 【答案】is composed 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。句意：英国由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。be composed of“由……组成”是固定搭配。句子描述客观情况用一般现在时，主语是The United Kingdom，be动词用is。故填is composed 35．She practiced hard every day. This is why she (win) the competition. 【答案】won 【详解】考查时态。句意：她每天都刻苦练习。这就是她赢得比赛的原因。空处为表语从句的谓语动词。根据“She practiced hard every day.”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，win的过去式是won。 故填won。 36．There is evidence that acupuncture (date) back to Stone age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. 【答案】dates 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：有证据表明，针灸可以追溯到石器时代，当时被称为“砭”的石制工具被用来按压身体部位。date back to意为“追溯到”。本空为that引导的同位语从句的谓语，从句描述的是客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语acupuncture“针灸”为不可数名词，谓语动词应用date的第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 37．Spring plowing, known as chun geng in Chinese, (set) the foundation for the year’s grain production. 【答案】sets 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：Spring plowing(春耕)，在中国被称为“chun geng (春耕)”，为全年的粮食生产奠定了基础。空处作句子的谓语，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为Spring plowing，和谓语动词set之间为主动关系，所以应用一般现在时的主动语态，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填sets。 38．Traditional wooden toys (gain) popularity among young parents in recent years. 【答案】have gained 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：近年来，传统木制玩具在年轻父母中流行起来。“in recent years”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，主语“Traditional wooden toys”为复数，助动词用have。故填have gained。 39．If you (plant) the seeds in spring, they will grow into strong seedlings by autumn with proper care. 【答案】plant 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你在春天播种，经过适当照料，它们将在秋天长成茁壮的幼苗。plant本为名词“植物”，此处通过转化法变为动词“种植”，词形不变。句子为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句中用一般现在时，从句主语为you，谓语动词用原形。故填plant。 40．During the charity activity, many kind-hearted people (donate) the homeless children warm clothes and daily necessities. 【答案】donated 【详解】考查时态。句意：在慈善活动期间，许多好心人给无家可归的孩子们捐赠了保暖衣物和日用品。句中During the charity activity提示动作发生在过去，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填donated。 41．When I arrived at the party, most people (dance) happily. 【答案】were dancing 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：我到达派对时，大多数人正在开心地跳舞。分析句子可知，“when”引导的从句用一般过去时，主句表正在进行的动作，用“was/were + 现在分词”，主语“most people”是复数，所以填“were dancing”。故填were dancing。 42．By the time we arrive at the station, the train (leave) for 15 minutes. 【答案】will have been away 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：等我们到达车站时，火车已经开了15分钟了。“By the time + 一般现在时”表将来时间，主句需用将来完成时；“leave”是短暂性动词，与“for 15 minutes”连用时需转化为延续性短语“be away”。故填will have been away。 43．When I was young, I (prefer) to play hide and seek with my parents. 【答案】preferred 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我小时候更喜欢和父母玩捉迷藏。根据“When I was young”可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，“prefer”的过去式为“preferred” 。故填preferred。 44．Some experts estimate that by 2050, the world population (reach) 9 billion. 【答案】will have reached 【详解】考查时态。句意：一些专家估计，到2050年，世界人口将达到90亿。根据by 2050可知，此处指将来某个时间点前已经完成的动作，应用将来完成时。故填will have reached。 45．This is the second time that she (set) foot on this wonderful land and her excitement is beyond words. 【答案】has set 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是她第二次踏上这片神奇的土地，她的激动之情难以言表。that之前的主句中使用一般现在时，在“This/It is the+序数词+time+that从句”结构中，从句应使用现在完成时。从句主语为第三人称单数，空处应填has set。故填has set。 46．Time (fly) fast when you are focused on your work. 【答案】flies 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当你专注于工作时，时间过得飞快。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，time是不可数名词，因此空格处用第三人称单数。故填flies。 47．The fresh bread (smell) delicious. I can’t wait to try some. 【答案】smells 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这新鲜面包闻起来真香。我等不及要尝一些了。系动词smell意为“闻起来”，作谓语，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态，主语是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填smells。 48．The teacher (explain) the grammar rules clearly to us yesterday. 【答案】explained 【详解】考查时态。句意：老师昨天清楚地给我们解释了语法规则。根据yesterday可知，本句为一般过去时。故填explained。 49．When I came home half an hour ago, my sister (listen) to music. 【答案】was listening 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：半小时前我回家时，我妹妹正在听音乐。此处为谓语动词，根据“When”引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时可知，主句动作“listen”在从句动作“came home”发生时正在进行，需用过去进行时，结构为“was/were +现在分词”，主语“my sister”为第三人称单数。故填was listening。 50．Neighbors suddenly (spot) smoke coming out of the house and called 911 immediately. 【答案】spotted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：邻居们突然发现房子里冒出烟来，立刻拨打了911。此处为谓语动词，and连接两个并列谓语，时态需保持一致，called为一般过去式，所以spot也需用过去式spotted。故填spotted。 51．Tears (sweep) down her cheeks as she heard the touching news. 【答案】swept 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：听到这个感人的消息，泪水从她的脸颊滑落。此处缺少谓语动词，根据从句中 heard 可知，句子表示的是过去发生的动作，主句谓语动词应使用一般过去时，sweep 的过去式为 swept。故填 swept。 52．Not knowing where I’m going (be) what inspires me to travel. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不知道我要去往何处正是激励我去旅行的原因。句子描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，“Not knowing where I’m going”是动名词短语作主语，be动词用单数形式is。故填is。 53．Great changes (take) place in Shanghai in the past ten years. 【答案】have taken 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，上海发生了巨大的变化。动词短语take place意为“发生”，没有被动语态，作谓语，结合时间状语“in the past ten years”可知，强调已经发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时态，主语“Great changes”是复数名词，谓语用复数形式have taken。故填have taken。 54．During the meeting, I (lose) track of the main points because the discussion kept jumping from topic to topic. 【答案】lost 【详解】考查时态。句意：会议期间，我跟不上要点了，因为讨论一直在频繁切换话题。空处为主句谓语动词，根据从句谓语kept可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，lose用过去式lost。故填lost。 55．Every morning Tom gets up at 6:30, (brush) his teeth for two minutes and then reads English words aloud behind his house. 【答案】brushes 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每天早上汤姆六点半起床，刷牙两分钟，然后在屋后大声读英语单词。空处与“gets up”和“reads”是三个并列的谓语动词，主语均为“Tom”（第三人称单数），“Every morning”说明时态为一般现在时。故填brushes。 56．During the meeting, I (lose) track of the main points because the discussion kept jumping from topic to topic. 【答案】lost 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：会议期间，我跟不上要点了，因为讨论总是从一个话题跳到另一个话题。根据“during the meeting”和“kept”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，lose的过去式为lost。故填lost。 57．The teacher told us in class that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：老师在课上告诉我们，火星上的重力只有大约地球上重力的八分之三。此处在宾语从句中作谓语动词，主语为the gravity on Mars，为单数，且从句描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，故填is。 58．In his science report, Tom correctly stated that water (freeze) at 0 degrees Celsius. 【答案】freezes 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：汤姆在科学报告中正确指出，水在0摄氏度时会结冰。描述的是水的冰点这一科学定律。即使主句动词stated用的是过去时，从句中表达的客观事实仍需保持一般现在时。从句主语是不可数名词water，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填freezes。 59．The garden also (contain) a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 【答案】contains 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：花园里还有一条蜿蜒的小路，引导游客穿过丝绸之路的十二个区域。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The garden是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填contains。 60．Over the past three years, Tom (gain) a lot of practical experience through part-time jobs in his free time. 【答案】has gained 【详解】考查动词时态 句意：在过去的三年里，汤姆利用空闲时间做兼职，已经积累了大量实践经验。句中时间状语Over the past three years是现在完成时的典型标志。主语Tom为第三人称单数，现在完成时的助动词需用has；gain的过去分词形式为gained，故填has gained。 一、完形填空 （25-26高二上·辽宁朝阳·月考）All my life, I thought it was good to be busy. I graduated on a Saturday from college and was already looking for a 1 by Monday, eager to commit to any field with innovation. Then I taught in a high school, contributing to a newspaper, and joining clubs… At thirty, I got married and had my first 2 , I showered love upon that baby. All the while, I kept 3 duties: birthday parties, life skills, pets, etc., which made my schedule vary constantly. My father often advised that people need to 4 . When I’d claim the educational benefits of some high-tech preschool programs, he’d say, “Let the kids have free time for natural interaction — it’s 5 !” When I’d sign my children up for fitness classes, he’d say, “Get close to nature. It’s great exercise.” I was puzzled by the 6 “With all the daily tasks, why bother going out to 7 places?” I’d think. Besides, I was often 8 from such activities due to work. I always thought he had retired, and his ideas were 9 . But he still 10 outdoor experiences. I chose to 11 his advice, refusing to switch from my busy routine. I wanted us to live a 12 life. However, after years of overwork, I became 13 — I was confused! One day after hospital discharge, I sat in a wheelchair, watching my kids play on the lawn. I’d been a woman with many duties, yet found joy in their freedom. The unpleasant 14 hit me, then I came to a firm conclusion: It’s healthy to let life grow slowly. My father was 15 . From then on, I learned to balance work and leisure. 1．A．challenge B．lesson C．job D．project 2．A．child B．task C．house D．car 3．A．complaining B．avoiding C．adding D．paying 4．A．hold back B．slow down C．shoot up D．push forward 5．A．incredible B．pointless C．demanding D．efficient 6．A．decision B．performance C．suggestion D．behavior 7．A．close B．familiar C．distant D．famous 8．A．present B．absent C．free D．missing 9．A．original B．outdated C．valuable D．ambitious 10．A．encouraged B．monitored C．managed D．described 11．A．seek B．ignore C．share D．limit 12．A．peaceful B．pleasant C．relaxing D．productive 13．A．sad B．crazy C．ill D．busy 14．A．reality B．innovation C．interaction D．conclusion 15．A．right B．gentle C．friendly D．strict 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述作者曾沉迷忙碌生活，忽视父亲“放慢节奏”的建议，过度劳累致病后幡然醒悟，认同父亲观点，学会平衡工作与休闲。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我于周六从大学毕业，周一就已开始寻找工作，渴望投身于任何具有创新性的领域。A. challenge挑战；B. lesson课程；C. job工作；D. project项目。根据下文“eager to commit to any field with innovation”可知，作者周一就已开始寻找工作，渴望投身于任何具有创新性的领域。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：三十岁时，我结婚了，并迎来了我的第一个孩子。我全心全意地爱着那个小宝贝。A. child孩子；B. task任务；C. house房子；D. car汽车。根据下文“I showered love upon that baby”可知，作者有了第一个孩子。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在此期间，我不断地增加各种任务：生日聚会、生活技能训练、照顾宠物等等，这使得我的日程安排总是变化不定。A. complaining投诉；B. avoiding避免；C. adding增加；D. paying支付。根据下文“duties: birthday parties, life skills, pets, etc., which made my schedule vary constantly”可知，作者不断地增加各种任务：生日聚会、生活技能训练、照顾宠物等等，这使得我的日程安排总是变化不定。故选C。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我父亲常常告诫人们要放慢脚步。A. hold back阻止；B. slow down减速；C. shoot up迅速上升；D. push forward推进。根据下文“It’s healthy to let life grow slowly.”可知，父亲告诫的是放慢脚步。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我提及某些高科技早教项目的教育效果时，他会说：“让孩子们有足够的时间进行自然的互动吧——这效果简直太神奇了！”A. incredible难以置信的；B. pointless毫无意义的；C. demanding要求高的；D. efficient有效的。根据上文“Let the kids have free time for natural interaction”可知，父亲认为孩子自然互动的自由时光是极好的，故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被这个建议弄得有些困惑：“面对那么多日常事务，为什么要特意去遥远的地方呢？”我这样想道。A. decision决定；B. performance表现；C. suggestion建议；D. behavior行为。根据上文“Let the kids have free time for natural interaction”可知，作者对父亲给出的建议感到困惑，故选C。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被这个建议弄得有些困惑：“面对那么多日常事务，为什么要特意去遥远的地方呢？”我这样想道。A. close亲密的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. distant遥远的；D. famous出名的。根据上文“Let the kids have free time for natural interaction”可知，和自然互动需要走到远的地方去，故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于工作原因，我常常无法参加这类活动。A. present目前的；B. absent缺席的；C. free自由的；D. missing失踪的。根据下文“due to work”可知，作者因为工作常缺席这类户外活动，故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直以为他已经退休了，而且他的想法也已经过时了。A. original起初的；B. outdated过时的；C. valuable宝贵的；D. ambitious有抱负的。根据上文“I always thought he had retired”可知，作者认为父亲已退休，其理念是过时的，故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他仍然鼓励人们多去户外活动。A. encouraged鼓励；B. monitored监督；C. managed设法；D. described描述。根据下文“outdoor experiences”以及上文“Let the kids have free time for natural interaction”可知，尽管作者不认同，父亲仍鼓励户外体验，故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我选择不听他的建议，拒绝改变自己忙碌的生活方式。A. seek寻找；B. ignore忽视；C. share分享；D. limit限制。根据下文“refusing to switch from my busy routine”可知，作者忽视了父亲的建议，故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望我们能过上富有成效的生活。A. peaceful和平的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. relaxing放松的；D. productive富有成效的。根据上文“birthday parties, life skills, pets, etc., which made my schedule vary constantly”可知，作者坚持忙碌日常，认为要过高效的、有成效的生活，故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于长期过度劳累，我生病了——我简直糊涂了！A. sad悲伤的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. ill生病的；D. busy忙碌的。根据下文“hospital discharge（出院）”、“sat in a wheelchair” 说明作者因过度劳累生病了，故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那令人不快的现实向我袭来，随后我得出了一个坚定的结论：让生活慢慢发展是件有益的事情。A. reality现实；B. innovation创新；C. interaction互动；D. conclusion结论。根据上文“One day after hospital discharge, I sat in a wheelchair, watching my kids play on the lawn. I’d been a woman with many duties, yet found joy in their freedom.(出院后的某一天，我坐在轮椅上，看着孩子们在草坪上玩耍。我曾是一个肩负诸多责任的女性，但从中却感受到了无尽的快乐，感受到了他们的自由所带来的喜悦)”可知，作者看到孩子自由玩耍，对比自己的忙碌与病痛，意识到了残酷的现实，故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父亲是对的。A. right正确的；B. gentle温和的；C. friendly友好的；D. strict严格的。根据上文“It’s healthy to let life grow slowly.”可知，作者最终领悟“让生活慢下来才健康”，意识到父亲的建议是正确的，故选A。 二、阅读理解 （25-26高二上·陕西咸阳·月考）Nowadays robots are taking the world of sports by storm, from the six-legged skier to the ping pong ace and the expert curler (冰壶手). Four-legged robot goalkeeper Mini Cheetah, a four-legged robot, was trained up by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley’s Hybrid Robotics Lab. The robot can handle a range of thrown and kicked shots from humans. It can squat, jump, sidestep and dive to stop shots. It can save 87% of shots taken on goal, compared to the average for human keepers of around 69%. Google’s ping-pong arm Google’s ping-pong robot arm recently completed an epic 340-shot rally (对打) with a human. The arm plays “cooperatively” to get a good rally going, but according to Google, its skills could be built up to match the level of a serious human competitor. Researchers wanted to train it up in a simulation so it could play with humans in the real world. China’s badminton bot In China, researchers have created a robot called the Robomintoner that can play badminton against human competitors. The machine looks a bit like a lawnmower, but it firmly grips its badminton racket just like any human player would. It also gets sufficient power into the shuttlecock using a swift flicking motion, and zips around the court on four wheels. Expert skier Also in China, experts from the Shanghai JiaoTong University created a skiing robot that can control its own descent down a snowy slope. The machine stands with two legs on each ski and grips ski poles with its middle legs, which it can manoeuvre (操纵) to control direction. The robot can stay upright, turn and avoid crashing to people. It is also capable of skiing at more than 30 feet per second across a 1,300-foot course on an 18-degree slope. 1．Which of the following is true about “the four-legged robot goalkeeper”? A．It can jump and dive to avoid shots. B．It was trained up by experts from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. C．Researchers wanted to train it up so that it could play with humans in the real world. D．It can act as a goalkeeper and deal with shots from humans. 2．What do Google’s ping-pong robot arm and Robomintoner have in common? A．They are both about robots on four wheels. B．They can play against human competitors. C．They are created by Chinese researchers. D．They look a bit like a lawnmower. 3．Which can be seen to display at a snowy slope? A．Four-legged robot goalkeeper. B．Google’s ping-pong arm. C．Expert skier. D．China’s badminton bot. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍多款进军体育界的机器人，包括四足守门机器人、乒乓球机器人等，展现它们的独特功能与运动能力。 1．细节理解题。根据Four-legged robot goalkeeper部分中的“The robot can handle a range of thrown and kicked shots from humans. It can squat, jump, sidestep and dive to stop shots. (这款机器人能够应对人类射出的各种投掷球和踢球。它可以下蹲、跳跃、横移以及俯冲来扑球)”可知，这款四足机器人可以充当守门员，应对人类的射门。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据Google’s ping-pong arm部分中的“Google’s ping-pong robot arm recently completed an epic 340-shot rally with a human. (谷歌的乒乓球机器人手臂最近与人类完成了一场史诗般的340回合对打)”以及China’s badminton bot部分中的“In China, researchers have created a robot called the Robomintoner that can play badminton against human competitors. (在中国，研究人员研发出了一款名为羽毛球机器人的设备，它可以和人类选手对战羽毛球)”可知，谷歌的乒乓球机器人手臂和中国的羽毛球机器人的共同点是都能和人类选手比赛。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据Expert skier部分中的“Also in China, experts from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University created a skiing robot that can control its own descent down a snowy slope. (同样在中国，上海交通大学的专家研发出一款滑雪机器人，它能够自主控制在雪坡上的下滑动作)”可知，能够在雪坡上展示运动能力的是这款滑雪机器人。故选C项。 （25-26高二上·山东济宁·期中）A fully soft, 3D-printed robot that operates without any electronics has been developed by engineers at the University of California, San Diego. Led by mechanical engineer Yichen Zhai, the team created an insect-inspired robot with six flexible legs that moves completely using air from a container. Remarkably, the entire robot is printed as one single piece from plastic, a process taking about two and a half days. Unlike conventional robots needing electricity, this innovation relies on air pressure. Because of this design, the robot is waterproof, as demonstrated when it successfully walked through beach shallows during testing. The six-legged design provides excellent stability on rough surfaces. When moving, three legs step while the other three remain grounded, preventing the robot from tipping over easily. Perla Maiolino, a soft robotics expert at the University of Oxford, finds the design “quite interesting”, highlighting its unique single-material, single-piece construction unlike typical multi-part constructed robots. This electronics-free approach holds significant promise for future applications. Such robots could potentially work in dangerous environments where electronics fail or pose risks, such as underwater, in mines, or even in space. They represent a step towards free-standing robots useful in tough conditions without power wires. However, the current model has limitations. Its speed is only about 4 centimeters per second—faster than a snail but slower than a turtle—and it can only operate for 80 seconds on an air container. It also moves only in a straight line and cannot yet turn or avoid barriers. Zhai’s team is actively working on a faster version and aims to develop a turning system, potentially using controlled airflow to move around like a simple self-driving device. While not yet ready for demanding tasks, Zhai emphasizes the robot’s current accessibility. “The robot is like a toy,” he says. Being cheaply and easily 3D printable means “If people love it, they can make it. That’s enough.” 1．What is a key feature of the robot? A．It requires complex tools to build. B．It is printed as a single plastic piece. C．It has electronic sensors for movement. D．It uses various materials for flexibility. 2．What is Perla Maiolino’s attitude towards the robot’s design? A．Positive. B．Unconcerned. C．Doubtful. D．Careful. 3．What aspect of the robot is expected to be improved in the future research? A．Its built-in tracking system. B．Its use of electronic parts. C．Its ability to get around flexibly. D．Its data processing speed. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Development of Printing B．The Prospect of Soft Robots C．A 3D-Printed Educational Toy D．A Novel Air-Powered Robot 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了加州大学圣地亚哥分校工程师研发出无电子设备、3D 打印一体的气动软体六足机器人，防水稳定，适用于危险环境，目前有速度等局限，团队正优化改进。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Remarkably, the entire robot is printed as one single piece from plastic, a process taking about two and a half days.( 值得注意的是，整个机器人是用塑料打印成一个整体的，这个过程大约需要两天半的时间。)”可知，机器人的关键特征是它是由塑料一体打印而成。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Perla Maiolino, a soft robotics expert at the University of Oxford, finds the design “quite interesting”, highlighting its unique single-material, single-piece construction unlike typical multi-part constructed robots.( 牛津大学的软体机器人专家Perla Maiolino认为这个设计“非常有趣”，突出了它独特的单一材料、单件结构，不像典型的多部件结构机器人。)”可推知，Perla Maiolino对这款机器人的设计是持积极态度的。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“It also moves only in a straight line and cannot yet turn or avoid barriers. Zhai’s team is actively working on a faster version and aims to develop a turning system, potentially using controlled airflow to move around like a simple self-driving device.( 它也只能在直线上移动，还不能转弯或避开障碍物。Zhai的团队正在积极研发一个更快的版本，目标是开发一个转弯系统，可能会像一个简单的自动驾驶装置一样，利用可控气流来移动。)”可推知，机器人在未来的研究中需要改进的是其灵活行动的能力。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“A fully soft, 3D-printed robot that operates without any electronics has been developed by engineers at the University of California, San Diego. Led by mechanical engineer Yichen Zhai, the team created an insect-inspired robot with six flexible legs that moves completely using air from a container. Remarkably, the entire robot is printed as one single piece from plastic, a process taking about two and a half days.( 加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师们开发出了一种完全柔软的3D打印机器人，它可以在没有任何电子设备的情况下工作。在机械工程师Yichen Zhai的带领下，该团队创造了一个受昆虫启发的机器人，它有六条灵活的腿，完全依靠容器中的空气移动。值得注意的是，整个机器人是用塑料打印成一个整体的，这个过程大约需要两天半的时间。)”可知，全文围绕“加州大学圣地亚哥分校研发的新型 3D 打印机器人”展开，核心特征为“无电子设备、空气驱动、单一整体打印”，选项需涵盖“新型”“空气驱动”“机器人”三大核心要素。由此可知，文章最好的标题是“新型空气动力机器人”。故选D项。 （25-26高二上·浙江金华·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China named 24 teachers and a group of Baoding University graduates, 1 volunteered to teach in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as 2 nation’s “Most Beautiful Teachers” for 2025, 3 (mark) China’s 41st celebration of Teachers’ Day on Wednesday. The honorees have been recognized 4 exemplary (模范的) members of China’s 18.85 million-strong teaching force, the backbone of the world’s 5 (large) education system. The honored include special education teachers who developed diverse learning resources for students with special needs, those who have long served schools in central and western China and rural 6 (community), and teachers who have made enduring contributions to national strategic initiatives and 7 (science) research. For more than three decades, Ding Meizhen from Shanghai in East China has led a team dedicated to improving learning for students with special needs and developing 38 regionally shared courses, hundreds of teaching aids and an intelligent platform 8 (identify) the needs of students with disabilities who remain in mainstream classes. In 2000, 15 graduates from Baoding University in North China’s Hebei province voluntarily 9 (choose) to teach in Xinjiang, thousands of kilometers from home, turning down job offers and opportunities for further study. Despite challenging conditions, they never backed down, devoting 10 (they) to advancing education in this northwestern region. 【答案】 1．who 2．the 3．marking 4．as 5．largest 6．communities 7．scientific 8．to identify 9．chose 10．themselves 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了2025年中国评选出24名教师和一组保定大学毕业生为“最美教师”，他们自愿到中国西北的新疆维吾尔自治区任教，以此纪念中国第41个教师节。 1．考查定语从句。句意：中国评选出24名教师和一组自愿到中国西北新疆维吾尔自治区任教的保定大学毕业生为2025年“最美教师”，以此纪念周三的中国第41个教师节。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是teachers and a group of Baoding University graduates，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 2．考查冠词。句意同上。“nation’s “Most Beautiful Teachers””表示特指，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。已有谓语动词named，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，China’s 41st celebration of Teachers’ Day on Wednesday和mark为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填marking。 4．考查介词。句意：这些获奖者被誉为中国1885万教师队伍中的模范成员，他们是世界上最大教育体系的支柱。be recognized as为固定短语，意为“被誉为”。故填as。 5．考查形容词最高级。句意同上。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词education system，由“the world’s”可知，此处表示“世界上最大的教育体系”，需用形容词最高级。故填largest。 6．考查名词复数。句意：受表彰者包括为有特殊需要的学生开发多样化学习资源的特殊教育教师、长期在中国中西部和农村社区服务的教师，以及为国家战略举措和科学研究做出持久贡献的教师。community为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填communities。 7．考查形容词。句意同上。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词research，scientific为形容词，意为“科学的”。故填scientific。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：三十多年来，来自中国东部上海的丁美珍带领团队致力于改善有特殊需要学生的学习，开发了38门区域共享课程、数百种教学辅助工具和一个智能平台，以识别留在主流班级的残疾学生的需求。句中已有谓语动词has led，空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，需填动词不定式形式。故填to identify。 9．考查动词时态。句意：2000年，中国北部河北省保定大学的15名毕业生自愿选择到离家数千公里的新疆任教，拒绝了工作邀请和进一步学习的机会。根据时间状语“In 2000”可知，此处使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填chose。 10．考查代词。句意：尽管条件艰苦，他们从未退缩，致力于推动这个西北地区的教育发展。devote oneself to为固定短语，意为“致力于”，此处表示“他们自己”，需用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 （25-26高二上·湖北·月考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s experience in developing its national carbon market drew 1 (globe) attention from participants at the COP30 conference in November, 2025, Belem, Brazil. Li Gao, Chinese vice minister of ecology and environment, outlined 2 China has learned in fostering a market of the kind during a side event 3 (title) “High-Quality Development and Experience Sharing of China’s Carbon Market” on Monday. Li 4 (detail) three major takeaways from China’s experience-building a market suited to national conditions, enhancing data quality and management through technology, and 5 (deepen) international cooperation and mutual recognition in carbon markets. “Since 2024, China’s emissions trading system (ETS) has expanded to include the steel, cement and aluminum industries,” he said, adding that by the end of October, 2025, cumulative trading volume 6 (go) beyond 770 million tonnes of carbon allowances, with 7 total value of over 51.8 billion yuan. “The market of voluntary emission 8 (reduce) is also growing rapidly, promoting low-carbon technologies and the monetization of ecological products, he said. Valerie Hickey, director for Climate Change at the World Bank, called China’s ETS “a model of steady and expanding growth” and urged the international community to strengthen exchanges 9 (make) carbon markets more efficient and inclusive. Diana Acconcia, director for international affairs and climate finance at the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Climate Action, said she was glad to see China enhancing its emissions trading system. The European Union is ready to deepen cooperation with China on carbon pricing and to support other developing countries 10 the establishment of effective systems. 【答案】 1．global 2．what 3．titled 4．detailed 5．deepening 6．had gone 7．a 8．reduction 9．to make 10．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了2025年COP30气候大会期间，中国全国碳市场的发展经验成为国际关注焦点。中国生态环境部副部长李高在一个主题边会上分享了中国在建设适合国情的碳市场、利用技术提升数据质量与管理以及深化国际合作三方面的经验。 1．考查形容词。句意：2025年11月，在巴西贝伦举行的COP30会议上，中国发展国家碳市场的经验引起了全球与会者的关注。空格后是名词attention，需要用形容词作定语修饰，globe 的形容词形式是global，draw global attention 表示“引起全球关注”。故填global。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：周一，中国生态环境部副部长李高在一场名为“中国碳市场高质量发展与经验分享”的会外活动上概述了中国在培育碳市场方面的经验。此处引导宾语从句，作outlined的宾语，从句中has learned 缺少宾语，指代“学到的内容”，故用连接代词what引导。故填what。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：周一，中国生态环境部副部长李高在一场名为“中国碳市场高质量发展与经验分享”的会外活动上概述了中国在培育碳市场方面的经验。分析句子可知，空格处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰 a side event，event 与 title（命名）是被动关系，故用过去分词 titled。故填titled。 4．考查动词时态。句意：李详细介绍了中国的三个主要经验：建立适合国情的市场，通过技术提高数据质量和管理，深化碳市场的国际合作和相互认可。此处是句子的谓语动词，结合上下文的时态（一般过去时），描述过去发生的动作，故用 detail 的过去式 detailed（意为 “详细阐述”）。故填detailed。 5．考查动名词。句意：李详细介绍了中国的三个主要经验：建立适合国情的市场，通过技术提高数据质量和管理，深化碳市场的国际合作和相互认可。此处与前文的 building和enhancing 构成并列结构，作介词from的宾语，故用动名词形式deepening。故填deepening。 6．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“自2024年以来，中国的排放交易体系（ETS）已扩大到包括钢铁、水泥和铝行业，”他说，并补充说，截至2025年10月底，累计交易量已超过7.7亿吨碳配额，总价值超过518亿元。时间状语by the end of October, 2025 表示“到过去某个时间点为止”，句子需用过去完成时，结构为had + 过去分词，所以填had gone。故填had gone。 7．考查冠词。句意：“自2024年以来，中国的排放交易体系（ETS）已扩大到包括钢铁、水泥和铝行业，”他说，并补充说，截至2025年10月底，累计交易量已超过7.7亿吨碳配额，总价值超过518亿元。固定搭配a total value of 表示“总价值为……”，故填不定冠词a。故填a。 8．考查名词。句意：他说，自愿减排市场也在迅速发展，促进了低碳技术和生态产品的货币化。分析句子可知，空处作of的宾语，需用名词形式，“reduce”的名词形式为“reduction”，名词短语“voluntary emission reduction”意为“自愿减排”。故填reduction。 9．考查动词不定式。句意：世界银行（World Bank）气候变化局局长瓦莱丽•希基（Valerie Hickey）称中国的碳排放交易体系是“稳定和不断扩大增长的典范”，并敦促国际社会加强交流，使碳市场更有效率、更具包容性。根据句意可知，此处为动词不定式to do作目的状语，表示“为了让碳市场更高效、更具包容性”，故用动词不定式to make。故填to make。 10．考查固定短语。句意：欧盟愿与中国深化碳定价合作，支持其他发展中国家建立有效的碳定价机制。此处为固定搭配support sb. in sth. 表示“在某事上支持某人”，此处指“在建立有效体系方面支持其他发展中国家”。故填in。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 动词时态 谓语动词的16种时态（以动词do为例） 体 时间 一般体 进行体 完成体 完成进行体 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing Had done had been doing 将来 will /shall do will/shall be doing will/shall have done will/shall have been doing 过去将来 would/should do would/should do would/should have done would/should have been doing 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、高考真题练习 1.（2025年全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” 2.（2025年全国二卷）The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____61____ (be) one of them. 3.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____ ____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 4.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 5.（2024年浙江卷1月语法填空）Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 6.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）They ________（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 二、单句语法填空 1．It was only in his darkest hours that he (refer) to himself in the third person. 2．Given the complexity of the experiment, I hope you (maintain) concentration during the process. 3．He works overtime at weekends a lot, and it (be) two months since he visited his parents. 4．As a famous talk show host, he (entertain) millions of viewers every week with his witty humor. 5．The soldiers (flee) the battlefield when they realized they were outnumbered. 6．As the doors opened and Wang (step) onto the platform, his watch showed just 40 seconds remaining—an exciting margin (差距) 198 success and failure. 7．In ancient times, people   (light) firecrackers to drive away evil spirits. 8．The craft (follow) an old and strict process: firstly, plump (饱满的) local soybeans are immersed in spring water for 12 hours... 9．“Hanfu has a unique beauty as its design (showcase) distinct Chinese style,” she told Xinhua. 10．A number of students (participate) in the English speech contest at the moment. 11．The research team (achieve) remarkable progress in developing new energy vehicles since 2023. 12．Each dog (weigh) about 65 kilograms and can work in heavy rain or extreme heat. 13．Krasznahorkai visited China in 1991 and (become) interested in Chinese culture ever since. 14．Not only Labubu dolls appear on everyone’s lips, but they also boost Pop Mart’s shares by 180%. 15．Not only the young engineer solve the technical problem, but he also improved the production efficiency. 16．He told me that he (prepare) for the upcoming exam all day yesterday. 17．The final term (start) on September 1st, which means we have only two weeks of summer vacation left. 18．Don’t call me between 8 and 10 pm tonight, as I (watch) my favorite TV series then. 19．The writer, along with all the editors, (work) from home on Fridays according to the new policy. 20．By the end of 2025, China (build) over 50,000 5G base stations in rural areas, providing high-speed internet access to millions of farmers. 21．Snow skin mooncakes (gain) popularity for their refreshing texture and vibrant colors in recent years. 22．The two-day event (feature) five Chinese films making their Italian debut. 23．During the famine, many people almost (starve) to death. 24．The company will (release) its new product next month. 25．The committee (consist) of ten members from different departments. 26．At that moment, the door (swing) open, and Roy walked in. 27．The prices of the new models (range) from $500 to $2000. 28．Last year, the company (seek) partnerships with three international firms to expand its business. 29．Fan Jinshi’s life conveys a powerful truth that some of the most precious treasures (save) not in a hurry, but through a lifetime of patience, attention, and love. 30．A moderate earthquake (strike) the northeastern United States early on Saturday. 31．The table (measure) at least 1.50 meters in length. 32．To master basic English grammar rules (be) the key to improving your writing ability quickly. 33．As we (approach) the airport, we could see many planes taking off. 34．The United Kingdom (comprise) of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 35．She practiced hard every day. This is why she (win) the competition. 36．There is evidence that acupuncture (date) back to Stone age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. 37．Spring plowing, known as chun geng in Chinese, (set) the foundation for the year’s grain production. 38．Traditional wooden toys (gain) popularity among young parents in recent years. 39．If you (plant) the seeds in spring, they will grow into strong seedlings by autumn with proper care. 40．During the charity activity, many kind-hearted people (donate) the homeless children warm clothes and daily necessities. 41．When I arrived at the party, most people (dance) happily. 42．By the time we arrive at the station, the train (leave) for 15 minutes. 43．When I was young, I (prefer) to play hide and seek with my parents. 44．Some experts estimate that by 2050, the world population (reach) 9 billion. 45．This is the second time that she (set) foot on this wonderful land and her excitement is beyond words. 46．Time (fly) fast when you are focused on your work. 47．The fresh bread (smell) delicious. I can’t wait to try some. 48．The teacher (explain) the grammar rules clearly to us yesterday. 49．When I came home half an hour ago, my sister (listen) to music. 50．Neighbors suddenly (spot) smoke coming out of the house and called 911 immediately. 51．Tears (sweep) down her cheeks as she heard the touching news. 52．Not knowing where I’m going (be) what inspires me to travel. 53．Great changes (take) place in Shanghai in the past ten years. 54．During the meeting, I (lose) track of the main points because the discussion kept jumping from topic to topic. 55．Every morning Tom gets up at 6:30, (brush) his teeth for two minutes and then reads English words aloud behind his house. 56．During the meeting, I (lose) track of the main points because the discussion kept jumping from topic to topic. 57．The teacher told us in class that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth. 58．In his science report, Tom correctly stated that water (freeze) at 0 degrees Celsius. 59．The garden also (contain) a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 60．Over the past three years, Tom (gain) a lot of practical experience through part-time jobs in his free time. 一、完形填空 （25-26高二上·辽宁朝阳·月考）All my life, I thought it was good to be busy. I graduated on a Saturday from college and was already looking for a 1 by Monday, eager to commit to any field with innovation. Then I taught in a high school, contributing to a newspaper, and joining clubs… At thirty, I got married and had my first 2 , I showered love upon that baby. All the while, I kept 3 duties: birthday parties, life skills, pets, etc., which made my schedule vary constantly. My father often advised that people need to 4 . When I’d claim the educational benefits of some high-tech preschool programs, he’d say, “Let the kids have free time for natural interaction — it’s 5 !” When I’d sign my children up for fitness classes, he’d say, “Get close to nature. It’s great exercise.” I was puzzled by the 6 “With all the daily tasks, why bother going out to 7 places?” I’d think. Besides, I was often 8 from such activities due to work. I always thought he had retired, and his ideas were 9 . But he still 10 outdoor experiences. I chose to 11 his advice, refusing to switch from my busy routine. I wanted us to live a 12 life. However, after years of overwork, I became 13 — I was confused! One day after hospital discharge, I sat in a wheelchair, watching my kids play on the lawn. I’d been a woman with many duties, yet found joy in their freedom. The unpleasant 14 hit me, then I came to a firm conclusion: It’s healthy to let life grow slowly. My father was 15 . From then on, I learned to balance work and leisure. 1．A．challenge B．lesson C．job D．project 2．A．child B．task C．house D．car 3．A．complaining B．avoiding C．adding D．paying 4．A．hold back B．slow down C．shoot up D．push forward 5．A．incredible B．pointless C．demanding D．efficient 6．A．decision B．performance C．suggestion D．behavior 7．A．close B．familiar C．distant D．famous 8．A．present B．absent C．free D．missing 9．A．original B．outdated C．valuable D．ambitious 10．A．encouraged B．monitored C．managed D．described 11．A．seek B．ignore C．share D．limit 12．A．peaceful B．pleasant C．relaxing D．productive 13．A．sad B．crazy C．ill D．busy 14．A．reality B．innovation C．interaction D．conclusion 15．A．right B．gentle C．friendly D．strict 二、阅读理解 （25-26高二上·陕西咸阳·月考）Nowadays robots are taking the world of sports by storm, from the six-legged skier to the ping pong ace and the expert curler (冰壶手). Four-legged robot goalkeeper Mini Cheetah, a four-legged robot, was trained up by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley’s Hybrid Robotics Lab. The robot can handle a range of thrown and kicked shots from humans. It can squat, jump, sidestep and dive to stop shots. It can save 87% of shots taken on goal, compared to the average for human keepers of around 69%. Google’s ping-pong arm Google’s ping-pong robot arm recently completed an epic 340-shot rally (对打) with a human. The arm plays “cooperatively” to get a good rally going, but according to Google, its skills could be built up to match the level of a serious human competitor. Researchers wanted to train it up in a simulation so it could play with humans in the real world. China’s badminton bot In China, researchers have created a robot called the Robomintoner that can play badminton against human competitors. The machine looks a bit like a lawnmower, but it firmly grips its badminton racket just like any human player would. It also gets sufficient power into the shuttlecock using a swift flicking motion, and zips around the court on four wheels. Expert skier Also in China, experts from the Shanghai JiaoTong University created a skiing robot that can control its own descent down a snowy slope. The machine stands with two legs on each ski and grips ski poles with its middle legs, which it can manoeuvre (操纵) to control direction. The robot can stay upright, turn and avoid crashing to people. It is also capable of skiing at more than 30 feet per second across a 1,300-foot course on an 18-degree slope. 1．Which of the following is true about “the four-legged robot goalkeeper”? A．It can jump and dive to avoid shots. B．It was trained up by experts from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. C．Researchers wanted to train it up so that it could play with humans in the real world. D．It can act as a goalkeeper and deal with shots from humans. 2．What do Google’s ping-pong robot arm and Robomintoner have in common? A．They are both about robots on four wheels. B．They can play against human competitors. C．They are created by Chinese researchers. D．They look a bit like a lawnmower. 3．Which can be seen to display at a snowy slope? A．Four-legged robot goalkeeper. B．Google’s ping-pong arm. C．Expert skier. D．China’s badminton bot. （25-26高二上·山东济宁·期中）A fully soft, 3D-printed robot that operates without any electronics has been developed by engineers at the University of California, San Diego. Led by mechanical engineer Yichen Zhai, the team created an insect-inspired robot with six flexible legs that moves completely using air from a container. Remarkably, the entire robot is printed as one single piece from plastic, a process taking about two and a half days. Unlike conventional robots needing electricity, this innovation relies on air pressure. Because of this design, the robot is waterproof, as demonstrated when it successfully walked through beach shallows during testing. The six-legged design provides excellent stability on rough surfaces. When moving, three legs step while the other three remain grounded, preventing the robot from tipping over easily. Perla Maiolino, a soft robotics expert at the University of Oxford, finds the design “quite interesting”, highlighting its unique single-material, single-piece construction unlike typical multi-part constructed robots. This electronics-free approach holds significant promise for future applications. Such robots could potentially work in dangerous environments where electronics fail or pose risks, such as underwater, in mines, or even in space. They represent a step towards free-standing robots useful in tough conditions without power wires. However, the current model has limitations. Its speed is only about 4 centimeters per second—faster than a snail but slower than a turtle—and it can only operate for 80 seconds on an air container. It also moves only in a straight line and cannot yet turn or avoid barriers. Zhai’s team is actively working on a faster version and aims to develop a turning system, potentially using controlled airflow to move around like a simple self-driving device. While not yet ready for demanding tasks, Zhai emphasizes the robot’s current accessibility. “The robot is like a toy,” he says. Being cheaply and easily 3D printable means “If people love it, they can make it. That’s enough.” 1．What is a key feature of the robot? A．It requires complex tools to build. B．It is printed as a single plastic piece. C．It has electronic sensors for movement. D．It uses various materials for flexibility. 2．What is Perla Maiolino’s attitude towards the robot’s design? A．Positive. B．Unconcerned. C．Doubtful. D．Careful. 3．What aspect of the robot is expected to be improved in the future research? A．Its built-in tracking system. B．Its use of electronic parts. C．Its ability to get around flexibly. D．Its data processing speed. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Development of Printing B．The Prospect of Soft Robots C．A 3D-Printed Educational Toy D．A Novel Air-Powered Robot （25-26高二上·浙江金华·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China named 24 teachers and a group of Baoding University graduates, 1 volunteered to teach in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as 2 nation’s “Most Beautiful Teachers” for 2025, 3 (mark) China’s 41st celebration of Teachers’ Day on Wednesday. The honorees have been recognized 4 exemplary (模范的) members of China’s 18.85 million-strong teaching force, the backbone of the world’s 5 (large) education system. The honored include special education teachers who developed diverse learning resources for students with special needs, those who have long served schools in central and western China and rural 6 (community), and teachers who have made enduring contributions to national strategic initiatives and 7 (science) research. For more than three decades, Ding Meizhen from Shanghai in East China has led a team dedicated to improving learning for students with special needs and developing 38 regionally shared courses, hundreds of teaching aids and an intelligent platform 8 (identify) the needs of students with disabilities who remain in mainstream classes. In 2000, 15 graduates from Baoding University in North China’s Hebei province voluntarily 9 (choose) to teach in Xinjiang, thousands of kilometers from home, turning down job offers and opportunities for further study. Despite challenging conditions, they never backed down, devoting 10 (they) to advancing education in this northwestern region. （25-26高二上·湖北·月考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s experience in developing its national carbon market drew 1 (globe) attention from participants at the COP30 conference in November, 2025, Belem, Brazil. Li Gao, Chinese vice minister of ecology and environment, outlined 2 China has learned in fostering a market of the kind during a side event 3 (title) “High-Quality Development and Experience Sharing of China’s Carbon Market” on Monday. Li 4 (detail) three major takeaways from China’s experience-building a market suited to national conditions, enhancing data quality and management through technology, and 5 (deepen) international cooperation and mutual recognition in carbon markets. “Since 2024, China’s emissions trading system (ETS) has expanded to include the steel, cement and aluminum industries,” he said, adding that by the end of October, 2025, cumulative trading volume 6 (go) beyond 770 million tonnes of carbon allowances, with 7 total value of over 51.8 billion yuan. “The market of voluntary emission 8 (reduce) is also growing rapidly, promoting low-carbon technologies and the monetization of ecological products, he said. Valerie Hickey, director for Climate Change at the World Bank, called China’s ETS “a model of steady and expanding growth” and urged the international community to strengthen exchanges 9 (make) carbon markets more efficient and inclusive. Diana Acconcia, director for international affairs and climate finance at the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Climate Action, said she was glad to see China enhancing its emissions trading system. The European Union is ready to deepen cooperation with China on carbon pricing and to support other developing countries 10 the establishment of effective systems. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $