内容正文:
专题10 动词的时态
目录
考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
思维导图·网络构建 2
考点通关·靶向突破 2
考点一 一般现在时 2
考点二 一般过去时 5
考点三 一般将来时 8
考点四 现在进行时 11
考点五 过去进行时 15
考点五 现在完成时 18
优题精选·练能提分 21
考点
课标要求
复习目标
简单句和并列句
复习中考对于时态考查的重点,主要包括中考常见六种时态的用法
1.熟练掌握“动词时态”的知识要点;
2.能够在具体情境中正确理解应用“动词时态”,进行交流表达并解决实际问题。
易混点辨析
六种动词时态辨析
命题预测
主要有以下命题角度:时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时)
主要在单项选择、完形填空、看图写话和语法填空中考查。
考点一 一般现在时
1.一般现在时的用法
①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。
I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。
②表示客观事实、真理。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨,我将在户外骑自行车。
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。
④表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。
2.一般现在时的构成
在一般情况下用动词原形,若主语为第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
直接加-s
read→reads love→loves
以s,o,x,ch,sh结尾
加-es
pass→passes box→boxes
teach→teaches wash→washes
以辅音字母 + y结尾
将y变为i,再加-es
carry→carries study→studies
不规则变化
have→has be→am/is/are
【注意】什么是第三人称单数?
1. 他、她、它
2. 单数的人
3. 地名、数字或字母
4. 可数名词单数、不可数名词
5. 不定代词:someone, somebody, something, nobody, no one, everything, everyone, anybody......
6. 指示代词:this, that
3.一般现在时的句型结构
① 实义动词
肯定句:主语 + 动词原形/三单形式 + 其他.
We get up at 7:00 every morning. 我们每天早上7点起床。
She gets up at 7:00 every morning. 她每天早上7点起床。
否定句:主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。
We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning. 我们不是每天早上7点起床的。
She doesn’t get up at 7:00 every morning. 她不是每天早上7点起床的。
一般疑问句:Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + do / does.
否定回答:No, 主语 + don’t / doesn’t.
—Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 你每天早上7点起床吗?
—Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 是的。/ 不是的。
—Does she get up at 7:00 every morning? 你每天早上7点起床吗?
—Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是的。
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
—When do you get up every morning? 你早上什么时候起床?
② be 动词
肯定句:主语 + am / is/ are + 其他. She is a student. 她是一名学生。
否定句:主语 + am / is / are + not + 其他. She is not a student. 她不是一名学生。
一般疑问句:Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am / is / are.
否定回答:No, 主语 + am / is / are + not.
—Is she a student? 她是一名学生吗?
—Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. 是的,她是。/ 不,她不是。
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 其他? Who is she? 她是谁?
【注意】be动词与不同人称搭配:
我(I)用am,你/你们(you)用are,is用于他(he)她(she)它(it);单数is,复数are。
1.(2025·福建泉州·一模)Nancy is an early bird. She always ________ at 6:00 in the morning.
A.gets up B.got up C.will get up
2.(2023·福建漳州·模拟预测)Every year thousands of people ________ to the beach to relax themselves.
A.went B.go C.have gone
3.(2023·福建泉州·三模)—Where is Miss White?
—You may find her in the dancing room. She ________ students to dance almost every day after school.
A.teaches B.is teaching C.taught
4.(2022·福建福州·模拟预测)No one except Jack and Tom the answer.
A.know B.is knowing C.knows
5.(23-24九年级上·海南省直辖县级单位·期中)Do you know if he ________ tomorrow ?If he ________ , I’ll invite him to my home .
A.come;comes B.will come;comes C.comes;comes
考点二 一般过去时
1.一般过去时的定义
① 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
如 yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,in 2015,three days ago,the other day,just now,at the moment,this morning,once upon a time,long long ago。
—What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么?
—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。
② 表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。
When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。
2.一般过去时的基本结构
① 实义动词
肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。
否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。 I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t / did not.
—Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗?
—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的,我去了。/ 不,我没去。
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
—Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了?
—I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。
② be 动词
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他. I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
否定句:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他. I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。
一般疑问句:Were/Was + 主语 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语 + was/were + not.
—Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗?
—Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的,我在家。/ 不,我不在家。
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他?
—Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪?
—I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
3.动词过去式的变化规则
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加-ed
wash→washed help→helped
以不发音的字母e结尾
加-d
hope→hoped like→liked
以辅音字母 + y结尾
变y为i,再加-ed
carry→carried study→studied
结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节
双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped plan→planned
4.一般过去时的用法
(1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。
He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?
(2)在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。
We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。
【注意】表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。
He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。
Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。
(3)表示主语过去的特征或性格。
At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。
(4)用在状语从句中表示过去将来。
He said he would wait until they came back.
(5)一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。
I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。
有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。
【注意】(1)表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。
He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。
(2)注意在语境中理解"我刚才/原来还不……"。
—Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码,好吗?我刚才没听清楚。
—It’s 2566666. 是2566666。
5.一般过去时代替完成时
(1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse, she screamed. 当她看到老鼠时,她尖叫了。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 我的阿姨给我一个帽子然后我弄丢了。
(2)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited. 当我听到这个消息时,我非常激动。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车终于来了的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
(3)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 我们老师告诉我们,哥伦布在1492年发现美洲。
1.(2025·福建厦门·二模)— I haven’t seen you for a long time. Mr. Wang.
— Yes. I ________ as a volunteer teacher in Ningxia for two years. I just came back.
A.work B.worked C.have worked
2.(2025·福建厦门·二模)Jenny who I ________ to know in Australia has worked in China for a year already. We are going to meet next week.
A.got B.will get C.has got
3.(2025·福建厦门·二模)—Alice, your book report for Jane Eyre is due tomorrow!
—Don’t worry, Mom. I _________ it last night.
A.finished B.was finishing C.have finished
4.(23-24八年级下·福建莆田·期中)Sally used to ________ with her parents, but now she’s used to ________ with her classmates at school.
A.live, living B.live, live C.living, living
5.(2025·福建泉州·一模)—I heard that many students took part in the Marathon (马拉松) last month.
—________. I enjoyed running.
A.So I did B.So did I C.So was I
考点三 一般将来时
1.一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作、事情或存在的状态,也表示将来经常反复发生的动作或事情。
2.一般将来时的构成
(1)will/shall+动词原形,shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称,will not=won’t,shall not=shan’t。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
(2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。
① 主语的意图,即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
② 计划、安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
③ 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,暴风雨快来了。
(3)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
(4)be about to +不定式,意为"马上做某事"。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
【注意】be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
【知识拓展】be going to和will 的区别
be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的:
1. be going to主要用于:
(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。
What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么?
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。
(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!乌云密集,要下雨了。
I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。
2. will主要用于在以下几个方面:
(1)表示单纯的未来"将要",通用各个人称。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他将三十岁了。
(3)问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。
Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗?
Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗?
3.一般将来时特殊用法:
(1)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 我们将在下周六讨论这个报告。
(2)be about to +不定式,意为"马上做某事"。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上就要离开去北京了。
【注意】be about to不能与tomorrow,next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
(3)有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来,如:go,come,arrive,fly(飞往),reach(到达),stay,leave,start,die等。
I’m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= I’m going to the zoo this weenend. 我这周末要去动物园。
He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris. 他正准备离开去巴黎。
The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人将要去世。
1.(2025·福建南平·二模)— Why are you in such a hurry, Mike?
— There _______ an exciting basketball game in ten minutes.
A.will be B.will have C.is going to have
2.(2025·福建漳州·二模)Be quiet, please. The headmaster ________ us something important.
A.told B.has told C.is going to tell
3.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—We don’t know if it _________ tomorrow.
—If it _________, we’ll go for a picnic.
A.will ran; won’t rain B.rains; doesn’t rain C.will rain; doesn’t rain
4.(2024·广西防城港·模拟预测)—Mike, do you know if Lucy ________ to my birthday party tomorrow?
—I think if Lily comes, so ________ she.
A.will come, will B.comes, does C.will come, comes
5.(2024·福建福州·二模)I decide to go to New Zealand next August, and I ________ in my aunt’s house for two years.
A.lived B.will live C.have lived
考点四 现在进行时
1.现在进行时的定义
现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作,有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。
The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。
The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。
We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。
2.现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由"be+现在分词(v-ing)"构成。be应为助动词,一定不要漏掉!它应与主语的人称和数保持一致,即:I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。
(1)现在分词变化规则如下:
① 动词后直接+- ing(例:sleep+-ing→sleeping)
② 去掉不发音的e+-ing(例:bite-e+-ing→biting)
③ 重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+-ing(例:sitting,beginning,getting,putting,running,stopping,cutting)
④ 特殊变化:die→dying,lie→lying,tie→tying
(2)句式构成如下:
肯定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其他。
They are having an English class. 他们在上英语课。
否定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+not +现在分词+其他。
They aren’t having an English class. 他们不在上英语课。
一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其他?
Are they having an English class? 他们在上英语课吗?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其他?
What are you doing now? 你现在在做什么?
3.现在进行时的应用
(1)表示现在( 指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
(2)习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.格林先生在写另一本小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 她跟史密斯先生学钢琴。(说话时未在学,指现阶段的状态。)
(3)已经确定或安排好的将来活动。
I’m leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.我下周打算去尼泊尔徒步旅行。(已经安排了)
We’re flying to Paris tomorrow.我们明天要飞巴黎。(票已经拿到了)
在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况:
(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。
They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look,listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。
Listen! She is singing an English song. 听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且有this week, these days等时间状语,常用现在进行时。
We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
4.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
(1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作,而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如:
I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)
(2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作,而一般现在时只表动作的重复,而不表示动作的持续。
What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么?
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。
They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。
They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。
(3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时,表示动作的重复。
The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。
His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。
(4) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。
I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。
I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。
【易错警示】四类动词不用进行时
英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)
1. 表心理状态、情感的动词,如love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, know等,若用进行时则词义改变。
2. 表存在、状态的动词,如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等
3. 表感觉的动词,如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等
4. 表一时性的动词,如accept, allow, admit, decide, end, refuse, permit, promise等。
5.现在进行时的特殊用法
(1)现在进行时表暂时
现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的状况。
—What’s your daughter doing these days? 你女儿现在在干什么?
—She’s studying English at Durham University. 她在达勒姆大学学习英语。
这种情况不一定在说话时发生:
Don’t take that ladder away. Your father’s using it . 别把梯子拿走,你父亲在用呢。(即不一定现在在用。)
She’s at her best when she’s making big decisions. 当做出最大决定时,她处于最佳状态。
暂时发生的事情也可以是在说话时正在进行着:
The river is flowing very fast after last night’s rain. 昨夜下过雨后,河水流速很快。
现在进行时也用来表示当前的动向:
People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days. 如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。
(2)现在进行时表将来
意为:意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你下周还待在这吗?
1.(24-25九年级下·福建厦门·期中)—Eric, could you help me take out the rubbish?
—Just a minute, I ________ the dishes.
A.am doing B.have done C.was doing
2.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—Jane, can you help me with my math problem?
—Not now. I ________ the dishes.
A.wash B.am washing C.have washed
3.(2025·福建泉州·二模)—Hey, Ben. This is Alex.
—Sorry, Ben ________ on the road. He’ll call you back later.
A.drives B.drove C.is driving
4.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—I have some problems with my bike. Can you help me?
—Sorry. I ________ a short video.
A.make B.have made C.am making
5.(2024·福建泉州·二模)—Mom, I have a problem with my homework. Could you help me?
—Sorry, not right now. I ________ a cake.
A.am making B.have made C.was making
考点五 过去进行时
1.过去进行时的结构
肯定句:主语+ was / were + 现在分词.
I was doing my lessons then. 那时,我在做功课。
We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。
否定句:主语+was/were not + 现在分词.
I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed.
疑问句:Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词?
Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词?
What were you doing when a UFO landed?
2.过去进行时的标志词:at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)
3.过去进行时的用法详解
(1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作,此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。
I was doing my homework when my mother came to home yesterday. 昨天我妈妈回家的时候我正在做作业。
(2) 叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作,通常用While。
While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend of mine. 当我在公园散步时我看到了我的一个老朋友。
(3) 表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。
They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 昨天他们一直想见到你,但你没有出现。
4.过去进行的特殊用法
(1)表示临时性
即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此。
It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。
(2)表示计划
即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。
He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。
用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常含有将来意义。
He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。
She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。
(3)表示委婉语气
动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。
Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好,我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。
一般过去时也有类似用法,相比之处,一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的,而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
(4)表示重复
过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用,强调动作的不断重复的。
They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。
【注意】现在进行时也有类似用法,但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作,而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。
5.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
区别一:过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成。
He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)
He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
区别二:表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。
I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
区别三:一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用,表示"过去经常性、习惯性的动作";而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示动作的重复,常带有感情色彩。
He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。
He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。
区别四:有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时,但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的;而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。
1.(2025·福建南平·一模)When I called KangKang last night, he ________ the living room with his mother.
A.cleans B.was cleaning C.helped
2.(2025·福建泉州·三模)— Why didn’t you attend the meeting?
— I ________ a report for the boss.
A.am writing B.have written C.was writing
3.(2025·福建·二模)—I didn’t see you at the meeting yesterday. Where were you?
—I ________ for a call from my daughter in Canada.
A.waited B.was waiting C.have waited
4.(2025·福建泉州·模拟预测)—Did you hear what the radio said this morning?
—No, mom. I ________ the piano at that time.
A.played B.have played C.was playing
5.(2025·福建宁德·模拟预测)—Hey, you didn’t come to the party last night.
—Oh, I ______ for the coming exam at that time.
A.am preparing B.was preparing C.have prepared
考点五 现在完成时
1.现在完成时用法
(1)现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响"照片不在这里"。
(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如:
He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
2.现在完成时基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
① 肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.
② 否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语.
③ 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.
④ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)
3.过去分词变化规则:
(1)规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点:
① 一般动词,在词尾直接加"-ed "。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited
② 以" e "结尾的动词,只在词尾加"-d "。 live→lived→lived
③ 以"辅音字母 + y "结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加"-ed "。
study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried
④ 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加"-ed "。
stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped
⑤ 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。
cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit
4.与现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。
(1)与表示一段时间的状语连用,如"for+时间段","since+时间点"。如:
We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。
We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。
从以上两个例句我们可以看出,与表示一段时间的状语连用时,谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。
【注意】for和since的用法
①for + 时间段 译为:……时间
②since + 过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)
③since + 时间段 + ago
④since + 从句(过去时)
⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)
【注意】瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时,要改变成延续性动词。
come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over
open→be open die→be dead buy→have
fall ill→be ill come back→be back put on→be on/wear
worry→be worried catch a cold→have a cold
(2)与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用,如already, never, ever, just等。如:
I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊!我从来没听过比这更优美的嗓音。
(3) 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如:
How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何?
The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年里写了一本新书。
Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗?
The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止,布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。
【注意】 现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago
5.现在完成时与一般过去时区别
(1)侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去,但它们所强调的重点不同:现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响;而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间,即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如:
I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(现在我仍记得电影的内容)
I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前,而不是别的什么时候看的电影)
Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。(着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑)
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天)
(2)时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及"for+段时间","since+过去时间/从句"等时间状语连用;而一般过去时则常与"时间段+ago",just now,yesterday,last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。
She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。
He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。
1.(2025·福建南平·一模)—________ you ever ________ to Beijing?
— Yes, twice. It’s a beautiful place.
A.Have; gone B.Did; go C.Have; been
2.(2025·福建莆田·模拟预测)—I heard Putian Lumian is amazing.
—Right! I ______ Putian Lumian already. It’s the most delicious dish I’ve ever had!
A.try B.tried C.have tried
3.(2025·福建福州·三模)—Did you visit Hong Kong during this winter vacation?
—I ________ there twice. It’s too busy. So I went to Yunnan.
A.visited B.have visited C.will visit
4.(2025·福建泉州·二模)My English ______ a lot since I used my teacher’s “Three Steps for Learning English” advice.
A.improves B.will improve C.has improved
5.(2025·福建漳州·模拟预测)Don’t return the book to Anna. I _________ it.
A.don’t read B.won’t read C.haven’t read
一.选择填空
1.(2025·福建宁德·二模)—Who ________ the meeting room? It is tidy and nice.
—Amy. She is going to host an English corner here later.
A.is cleaning B.will clean C.has cleaned
2.(2025·福建泉州·模拟预测)—I’m hungry. Let’s eat out.
—I ________ the dinner. Come and have it together.
A.am cooking B.have cooked C.was cooking
3.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—Why didn’t you go to the movie with Rachel last night?
—Oh, I ______that movie twice before.
A.have seen B.saw C.had seen
4.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—Are you going to Sam’s birthday party the day after tomorrow?
—I’m not sure. I will go with you if I ________.
A.will invite B.invite C.am invited
5.(2025·福建泉州·一模)—The students ________ a project when the teacher entered the classroom.
—No wonder they didn’t notice her.
A.discussed B.will discuss C.were discussing
6.(2025·福建三明·一模)China ________ at a rapid speed now. We shouldn’t forget to protect the environment at the same time.
A.developed B.is developing C.has developed
7.(2024·福建泉州·二模)—I didn’t see you at the party.
—I ________ a meeting at that moment.
A.will have B.have had C.was having
8.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—Why are you so late? The meeting ________ for half an hour.
—Sorry, I met a traffic jam.
A.has begun B.has been on C.begins
9.(2024·福建泉州·模拟预测)Paris ________ 2024 Summer Olympics from July to August with “Games Wide Open” as its slogan (口号) .
A.hosted B.hosts C.will host
10.(2024·福建莆田·一模)—How did the accident happen?
—The driver ________ on the phone at that time.
A.talked B.is talking C.was talking
二、短文填空
1.(2024福建)The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He (give) it the name Chang’ an. ... The city wall-one of the few city walls still left in China-is a good example. It (go) around the city and is an important cultural site(遗址).
2.(2023福建)The Weifang government has (encourage) local people to learn traditional handicraft and make more money to get rid of poverty(脱贫). ... Nie (start) to learn to make clay tigers in 2010, the Year of the Tiger.
3.(2022福建)He (work) day and night at the drawing of the bridge and found out that the stone supports(支柱) couldn’t stand the force of the flood.
4.(2024厦门一检)And all of her effort paid off. Soon after, TCM pharmacies (offer) to sell her products at their stores.
5.(2024南平一检)While studying in Baoding, Oumarou (join) the university’s wushu club and trained under Duan Shuxing, one of the coaches(教练).
三、看图写话
1.(2022宁德一检) leave for, tomorrow
2.(2022龙岩一检) often, with
3.(2024漳州一检) be, for 20 years
4.(2022漳州一检) now
三.语法填空
(1)
(23-24九年级上·福建龙岩·期末)阅读下面短文, 根据语境或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词, 要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确, 使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
The oil-paper umbrella has a history 1 over 1,000 years in China. It used to be a water-proof (防水的) tool for daily use.
It is said that once Lu Ban and his younger sister visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. The sister said, “Let’s have 2 competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, who comes up with a way to make it possible for people to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the 3 (win). ” Lu Ban spent the whole night 4 (build) ten pavilions (亭) around the lake.
The next morning, the sister 5 (hold) something unusual in her hand. It could be opened into a round shape. It was 6 (make) of silk and bamboo strips (竹条). It could be opened and closed 7 (easy). It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said, “ You win. Your ‘pavilion’ can protect 8 (we) from rain. ” So the umbrella was invented.
Later, people used much 9 (cheap) paper to make the umbrella, and brushed tung oil across the surface to make it water-proof. That was 10 the oil-paper umbrella was invented. It greatly helped ancient Chinese people go out on rainy days.
(2)
(2025·福建厦门·一模)阅读下面短文,根据语境或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Chinese lacquerware (漆器) is one of the oldest kinds of traditional art in China.
Making lacquerware 1 (require) patience and skills. There are several steps in making it. First, choosing the materials is important. Wood, bamboo, or clay are commonly used. Then, the object is covered 2 many layers (层) of special lacquer from tree sap (树液). Each layer has to dry 3 (full) before the next one is added. After that, once enough layers are put on, the surface is made smooth 4 polishing.
Lacquerware comes in many 5 (form), including plates, bowls, and cups. It is often decorated (装饰) with beautiful patterns like flowers and animals. The patterns are 6 (paint) or carved into the surface.
In the past, lacquerware was mostly used by rich people because it was expensive to make. 7 now it is available to more people, and some items are more affordable. 8 (it) beauty is admired worldwide. Visitors to Chinese museums can often see 9 (wonder) examples of lacquerware.
In modern times, many people still make lacquerware, trying to keep this ancient art. There are also competitions for the 10 (good) designs.
Chinese lacquerware is a symbol of the skills and creativity of the artists. Whether you see it in a museum or use it in your daily life, lacquerware is sure to leave you a lasting impression.
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专题10 动词的时态
目录
考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
思维导图·网络构建 2
考点通关·靶向突破 2
考点一 一般现在时 2
考点二 一般过去时 5
考点三 一般将来时 8
考点四 现在进行时 11
考点五 过去进行时 15
考点五 现在完成时 18
优题精选·练能提分 21
考点
课标要求
复习目标
简单句和并列句
复习中考对于时态考查的重点,主要包括中考常见六种时态的用法
1.熟练掌握“动词时态”的知识要点;
2.能够在具体情境中正确理解应用“动词时态”,进行交流表达并解决实际问题。
易混点辨析
六种动词时态辨析
命题预测
主要有以下命题角度:时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时)
主要在单项选择、完形填空、看图写话和语法填空中考查。
考点一 一般现在时
1.一般现在时的用法
①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。
I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。
②表示客观事实、真理。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨,我将在户外骑自行车。
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。
④表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。
2.一般现在时的构成
在一般情况下用动词原形,若主语为第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
直接加-s
read→reads love→loves
以s,o,x,ch,sh结尾
加-es
pass→passes box→boxes
teach→teaches wash→washes
以辅音字母 + y结尾
将y变为i,再加-es
carry→carries study→studies
不规则变化
have→has be→am/is/are
【注意】什么是第三人称单数?
1. 他、她、它
2. 单数的人
3. 地名、数字或字母
4. 可数名词单数、不可数名词
5. 不定代词:someone, somebody, something, nobody, no one, everything, everyone, anybody......
6. 指示代词:this, that
3.一般现在时的句型结构
① 实义动词
肯定句:主语 + 动词原形/三单形式 + 其他.
We get up at 7:00 every morning. 我们每天早上7点起床。
She gets up at 7:00 every morning. 她每天早上7点起床。
否定句:主语 + don’t / doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。
We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning. 我们不是每天早上7点起床的。
She doesn’t get up at 7:00 every morning. 她不是每天早上7点起床的。
一般疑问句:Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + do / does.
否定回答:No, 主语 + don’t / doesn’t.
—Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 你每天早上7点起床吗?
—Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 是的。/ 不是的。
—Does she get up at 7:00 every morning? 你每天早上7点起床吗?
—Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是的。
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
—When do you get up every morning? 你早上什么时候起床?
② be 动词
肯定句:主语 + am / is/ are + 其他. She is a student. 她是一名学生。
否定句:主语 + am / is / are + not + 其他. She is not a student. 她不是一名学生。
一般疑问句:Am / Is / Are + 主语 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am / is / are.
否定回答:No, 主语 + am / is / are + not.
—Is she a student? 她是一名学生吗?
—Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. 是的,她是。/ 不,她不是。
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + 其他? Who is she? 她是谁?
【注意】be动词与不同人称搭配:
我(I)用am,你/你们(you)用are,is用于他(he)她(she)它(it);单数is,复数are。
1.(2025·福建泉州·一模)Nancy is an early bird. She always ________ at 6:00 in the morning.
A.gets up B.got up C.will get up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Nancy是个早起的人。她总是早上6点起床。
考查时态。根据“She ... at 6:00 in the morning.”可知,强调经常性动作,用一般现在时,主语为She,谓语动词用三单形式。故选A。
2.(2023·福建漳州·模拟预测)Every year thousands of people ________ to the beach to relax themselves.
A.went B.go C.have gone
【答案】B
【详解】句意:每年成千上万的人去海边放松自己。
考查一般现在时。went一般过去时;go一般现在时;have gone现在完成时。根据“Every year”可知,时态为一般现在时。故选B。
3.(2023·福建泉州·三模)—Where is Miss White?
—You may find her in the dancing room. She ________ students to dance almost every day after school.
A.teaches B.is teaching C.taught
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——怀特小姐在哪儿?——你可以在舞蹈室找到她。她几乎每天放学后都教学生跳舞。
考查时态。根据“every day”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语是she,动词用三单,故选A。
4.(2022·福建福州·模拟预测)No one except Jack and Tom the answer.
A.know B.is knowing C.knows
【答案】C
【详解】句意:除了杰克和汤姆没有人知道答案。
考查主谓一致,观察句子,这里主语为不定代词no one“没有人”,谓语动词应该用三单形式,故选C。
5.(23-24九年级上·海南省直辖县级单位·期中)Do you know if he ________ tomorrow ?If he ________ , I’ll invite him to my home .
A.come;comes B.will come;comes C.comes;comes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你知道他明天来不来?如果他来,我就请他来我家。
考查动词时态。第一空是if引导的宾语从句,根据时间状语tomorrow可知,用一般将来时,其结构是will+动词原形,排除AC;第二空是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时态,主语是he,谓语动词变第三人称单数,come是动词,来,故选B。
考点二 一般过去时
1.一般过去时的定义
① 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
如 yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,in 2015,three days ago,the other day,just now,at the moment,this morning,once upon a time,long long ago。
—What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么?
—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。
② 表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。
When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。
2.一般过去时的基本结构
① 实义动词
肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。
否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。 I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t / did not.
—Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗?
—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的,我去了。/ 不,我没去。
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
—Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了?
—I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。
② be 动词
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他. I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
否定句:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他. I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。
一般疑问句:Were/Was + 主语 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语 + was/were + not.
—Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗?
—Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的,我在家。/ 不,我不在家。
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他?
—Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪?
—I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
3.动词过去式的变化规则
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加-ed
wash→washed help→helped
以不发音的字母e结尾
加-d
hope→hoped like→liked
以辅音字母 + y结尾
变y为i,再加-ed
carry→carried study→studied
结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节
双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped plan→planned
4.一般过去时的用法
(1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。
He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?
(2)在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。
We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。
【注意】表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。
He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。
Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。
(3)表示主语过去的特征或性格。
At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。
(4)用在状语从句中表示过去将来。
He said he would wait until they came back.
(5)一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。
I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。
有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。
【注意】(1)表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。
He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。
(2)注意在语境中理解"我刚才/原来还不……"。
—Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码,好吗?我刚才没听清楚。
—It’s 2566666. 是2566666。
5.一般过去时代替完成时
(1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse, she screamed. 当她看到老鼠时,她尖叫了。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 我的阿姨给我一个帽子然后我弄丢了。
(2)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited. 当我听到这个消息时,我非常激动。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车终于来了的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
(3)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 我们老师告诉我们,哥伦布在1492年发现美洲。
1.(2025·福建厦门·二模)— I haven’t seen you for a long time. Mr. Wang.
— Yes. I ________ as a volunteer teacher in Ningxia for two years. I just came back.
A.work B.worked C.have worked
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——王老师,我好久没见到你了。——是的。我在宁夏当志愿老师两年。我刚回来。
考查动词时态。根据“I just came back.”可知,王老师上个月刚回来,在宁夏做了两年的志愿者老师只表示过去发生的动作,没有持续到现在,没有强调对现在产生的影响,用一般过去时。故选B。
2.(2025·福建厦门·二模)Jenny who I ________ to know in Australia has worked in China for a year already. We are going to meet next week.
A.got B.will get C.has got
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Jenny是我在澳大利亚认识的,她已经在中国工作一年了。我们下周要见面。
考查动词时态辨析。got表示过去认识;will get表示将来认识;has got表示已经认识。根据“has worked in China for a year”和“meet next week”可知,认识Jenny是过去发生的动作。故选A。
3.(2025·福建厦门·二模)—Alice, your book report for Jane Eyre is due tomorrow!
—Don’t worry, Mom. I _________ it last night.
A.finished B.was finishing C.have finished
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——爱丽丝,你关于《简·爱》的读书报告明天就要交了!——别担心,妈妈。我昨晚就完成它了。
考查一般过去时。根据“last night”可知,此句时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式finished。故选A。
4.(23-24八年级下·福建莆田·期中)Sally used to ________ with her parents, but now she’s used to ________ with her classmates at school.
A.live, living B.live, live C.living, living
【答案】A
【详解】句意:萨莉过去和父母住在一起,但现在她已经习惯了和学校里的同学住在一起。
考查非谓语动词。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”,be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”,是固定搭配。故选A。
5.(2025·福建泉州·一模)—I heard that many students took part in the Marathon (马拉松) last month.
—________. I enjoyed running.
A.So I did B.So did I C.So was I
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我听说上个月许多学生参加了马拉松。——我也参加了,我喜欢跑步。
考查倒装句。So I did我确实如此;So did I我也是;So was I我也是。So+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词,此结构表示“某某确实如此”,与上文是同一人。So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语,此结构表示“某某也如此”,与上文不是同一人。根据句意可知,我和上文中的“many students”不是同一人,故用“So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”结构,又根据“last month”可知,该句是一般过去时,take是实义动词,故用助动词did,故选B。
考点三 一般将来时
1.一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作、事情或存在的状态,也表示将来经常反复发生的动作或事情。
2.一般将来时的构成
(1)will/shall+动词原形,shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称,will not=won’t,shall not=shan’t。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
(2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。
① 主语的意图,即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
② 计划、安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
③ 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,暴风雨快来了。
(3)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
(4)be about to +不定式,意为"马上做某事"。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
【注意】be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
【知识拓展】be going to和will 的区别
be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的:
1. be going to主要用于:
(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。
What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么?
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。
(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!乌云密集,要下雨了。
I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。
2. will主要用于在以下几个方面:
(1)表示单纯的未来"将要",通用各个人称。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他将三十岁了。
(3)问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。
Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗?
Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗?
3.一般将来时特殊用法:
(1)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 我们将在下周六讨论这个报告。
(2)be about to +不定式,意为"马上做某事"。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上就要离开去北京了。
【注意】be about to不能与tomorrow,next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
(3)有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来,如:go,come,arrive,fly(飞往),reach(到达),stay,leave,start,die等。
I’m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= I’m going to the zoo this weenend. 我这周末要去动物园。
He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris. 他正准备离开去巴黎。
The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人将要去世。
1.(2025·福建南平·二模)— Why are you in such a hurry, Mike?
— There _______ an exciting basketball game in ten minutes.
A.will be B.will have C.is going to have
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——迈克,你为什么这么着急?——十分钟后将有一场精彩的篮球赛。
考查there be句型的一般将来时结构。根据时间状语“in ten minutes”可知,此处需用将来时态表示“将有”,正确结构为“There will be”(表示客观存在的将来事件)。故选A。
2.(2025·福建漳州·二模)Be quiet, please. The headmaster ________ us something important.
A.told B.has told C.is going to tell
【答案】C
【详解】句意:请安静。校长要告诉我们重要的事情。
考查时态。根据“Be quiet, please.”可知,此处说明需要保持安静的原因是校长将要告知重要事情,表示将来发生的事情,应用一般将来时,C项符合。故选C。
3.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—We don’t know if it _________ tomorrow.
—If it _________, we’ll go for a picnic.
A.will ran; won’t rain B.rains; doesn’t rain C.will rain; doesn’t rain
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我们不知道明天是否会下雨。——如果不下雨,我们就去野餐。
考查if条件句的时态。第一空为宾语从句,表示将来可能发生的动作,用“will rain”;第二空为if条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时“doesn’t rain”表示将来。故选C。
4.(2024·广西防城港·模拟预测)—Mike, do you know if Lucy ________ to my birthday party tomorrow?
—I think if Lily comes, so ________ she.
A.will come, will B.comes, does C.will come, comes
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——Mike,你知道Lucy明天是否会来参加我的生日聚会吗?——我想如果Lily来了,她也会来的。
考查动词时态。第一空if引导宾语从句,if“是否”,根据tomorrow可知,时态为一般将来时,结构为will do;第二空if引导条件状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,主句用一般将来时。故选A。
5.(2024·福建福州·二模)I decide to go to New Zealand next August, and I ________ in my aunt’s house for two years.
A.lived B.will live C.have lived
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我决定明年八月去新西兰,在我阿姨家住两年。
考查一般将来时。根据“I decide to go to New Zealand next August,”可知,此处是指明年八月去新西兰,将在阿姨家住两年,动作发生在将来,时态应用一般将来时,其结构为will do。故选B。
考点四 现在进行时
1.现在进行时的定义
现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作,有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。
The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。
The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。
We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。
2.现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由"be+现在分词(v-ing)"构成。be应为助动词,一定不要漏掉!它应与主语的人称和数保持一致,即:I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。
(1)现在分词变化规则如下:
① 动词后直接+- ing(例:sleep+-ing→sleeping)
② 去掉不发音的e+-ing(例:bite-e+-ing→biting)
③ 重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+-ing(例:sitting,beginning,getting,putting,running,stopping,cutting)
④ 特殊变化:die→dying,lie→lying,tie→tying
(2)句式构成如下:
肯定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其他。
They are having an English class. 他们在上英语课。
否定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+not +现在分词+其他。
They aren’t having an English class. 他们不在上英语课。
一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其他?
Are they having an English class? 他们在上英语课吗?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其他?
What are you doing now? 你现在在做什么?
3.现在进行时的应用
(1)表示现在( 指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
(2)习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.格林先生在写另一本小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 她跟史密斯先生学钢琴。(说话时未在学,指现阶段的状态。)
(3)已经确定或安排好的将来活动。
I’m leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.我下周打算去尼泊尔徒步旅行。(已经安排了)
We’re flying to Paris tomorrow.我们明天要飞巴黎。(票已经拿到了)
在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况:
(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。
They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look,listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。
Listen! She is singing an English song. 听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且有this week, these days等时间状语,常用现在进行时。
We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
4.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
(1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作,而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如:
I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)
(2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作,而一般现在时只表动作的重复,而不表示动作的持续。
What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么?
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。
They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。
They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。
(3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时,表示动作的重复。
The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。
His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。
(4) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。
I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。
I’m hoping that you will succeed. 我正在希望你成功呢。
【易错警示】四类动词不用进行时
英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)
1. 表心理状态、情感的动词,如love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, know等,若用进行时则词义改变。
2. 表存在、状态的动词,如appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem等
3. 表感觉的动词,如see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等
4. 表一时性的动词,如accept, allow, admit, decide, end, refuse, permit, promise等。
5.现在进行时的特殊用法
(1)现在进行时表暂时
现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的状况。
—What’s your daughter doing these days? 你女儿现在在干什么?
—She’s studying English at Durham University. 她在达勒姆大学学习英语。
这种情况不一定在说话时发生:
Don’t take that ladder away. Your father’s using it . 别把梯子拿走,你父亲在用呢。(即不一定现在在用。)
She’s at her best when she’s making big decisions. 当做出最大决定时,她处于最佳状态。
暂时发生的事情也可以是在说话时正在进行着:
The river is flowing very fast after last night’s rain. 昨夜下过雨后,河水流速很快。
现在进行时也用来表示当前的动向:
People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days. 如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。
(2)现在进行时表将来
意为:意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你下周还待在这吗?
1.(24-25九年级下·福建厦门·期中)—Eric, could you help me take out the rubbish?
—Just a minute, I ________ the dishes.
A.am doing B.have done C.was doing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——埃里克,你能帮我把垃圾拿出去吗?——等一下,我正在洗碗碟。
考查动词时态。根据“Just a minute”可知,埃里克此时正在做某事,所以让对方等一下,用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,结构为be doing。主语是I,be动词用am。故选A。
2.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—Jane, can you help me with my math problem?
—Not now. I ________ the dishes.
A.wash B.am washing C.have washed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——简,你能帮我做这道数学题吗?——现在不行。我正在洗盘子。
考查现在进行时。根据“Not now. I ... the dishes.”可知,强调动作正在发生,用现在进行时,故选B。
3.(2025·福建泉州·二模)—Hey, Ben. This is Alex.
—Sorry, Ben ________ on the road. He’ll call you back later.
A.drives B.drove C.is driving
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——嘿,本。我是亚历克斯。——对不起,本正在路上开车。他稍后会给你回电话。
考查现在进行时。根据“He’ll call you back later.”可知,本现在不能接电话,因为正在开车,时态为现在进行时“am/is/are+动词现在分词”,主语为Ben,be动词用is。故选C。
4.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—I have some problems with my bike. Can you help me?
—Sorry. I ________ a short video.
A.make B.have made C.am making
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我的自行车有些问题,你能帮我吗?——抱歉,我正在制作一个短视频。
考查时态。根据“Can you help me?”及“Sorry.”可知,说话人现在不能帮助对方,因为正在制作短视频,强调现在正进行的动作,用现在进行时。故选C。
5.(2024·福建泉州·二模)—Mom, I have a problem with my homework. Could you help me?
—Sorry, not right now. I ________ a cake.
A.am making B.have made C.was making
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我做作业遇到个问题不会。你能帮我吗?——对不起,现在不行。我正在烤蛋糕。
考查动词时态。根据“Sorry, not right now. I … a cake.”可知,现在正在做蛋糕,用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,其结构为be+doing,主语为I,be动词用am,故选A。
考点五 过去进行时
1.过去进行时的结构
肯定句:主语+ was / were + 现在分词.
I was doing my lessons then. 那时,我在做功课。
We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。
否定句:主语+was/were not + 现在分词.
I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed.
疑问句:Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词?
Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词?
What were you doing when a UFO landed?
2.过去进行时的标志词:at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)
3.过去进行时的用法详解
(1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作,此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。
I was doing my homework when my mother came to home yesterday. 昨天我妈妈回家的时候我正在做作业。
(2) 叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作,通常用While。
While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend of mine. 当我在公园散步时我看到了我的一个老朋友。
(3) 表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。
They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 昨天他们一直想见到你,但你没有出现。
4.过去进行的特殊用法
(1)表示临时性
即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此。
It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。
(2)表示计划
即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。
He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。
用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常含有将来意义。
He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。
She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。
(3)表示委婉语气
动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。
Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好,我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。
一般过去时也有类似用法,相比之处,一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的,而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
(4)表示重复
过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用,强调动作的不断重复的。
They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。
【注意】现在进行时也有类似用法,但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作,而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。
5.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
区别一:过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成。
He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)
He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
区别二:表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。
I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
区别三:一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用,表示"过去经常性、习惯性的动作";而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示动作的重复,常带有感情色彩。
He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。
He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。
区别四:有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时,但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的;而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。
1.(2025·福建南平·一模)When I called KangKang last night, he ________ the living room with his mother.
A.cleans B.was cleaning C.helped
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昨晚我给康康打电话时,他正在和妈妈一起打扫客厅。
考查动词时态辨析。cleans一般现在时;was cleaning过去进行时;helped一般过去时。根据“When I called KangKang last night”可知,打电话时“打扫客厅”这一动作正在进行,需用过去进行时,故选B。
2.(2025·福建泉州·三模)— Why didn’t you attend the meeting?
— I ________ a report for the boss.
A.am writing B.have written C.was writing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 你为什么没参加会议? —— 我正在写给老板的报告。
考查过去进行时。根据“Why didn’t you attend the meeting”可知,此处指开会的时候正在写报告,描述过去某一刻正在发生的事情,应该用过去进行时。故选C。
3.(2025·福建·二模)—I didn’t see you at the meeting yesterday. Where were you?
—I ________ for a call from my daughter in Canada.
A.waited B.was waiting C.have waited
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——昨天的会议我没见到你。你去哪儿了?——我在等我女儿在加拿大的电话。
考查动词时态。根据“I didn’t see you at the meeting yesterday”可知,是指昨天那时候正在做的事情,应用过去进行时。故选B。
4.(2025·福建泉州·模拟预测)—Did you hear what the radio said this morning?
—No, mom. I ________ the piano at that time.
A.played B.have played C.was playing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你听到今天早上收音机里说了什么吗?——没有,妈妈。那个时候我正在弹钢琴。
考查动词时态。played是一般过去时;have played是现在完成时;was playing是过去进行时。根据“at that time”可知,这里指的是在今天早上收音机播报的时候“我”正在弹钢琴,表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”,主语是I,be动词用was,play的现在分词是playing。故选C。
5.(2025·福建宁德·模拟预测)—Hey, you didn’t come to the party last night.
—Oh, I ______ for the coming exam at that time.
A.am preparing B.was preparing C.have prepared
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——嗨,你昨晚没来派对。——哦,那个时候我正在准备将要到来的考试。
考查过去进行时。am preparing准备,现在进行时;was preparing准备,过去进行时;have prepared准备,现在完成时。根据“last night”、“at that time”和句意可知,那个时候正在准备将要到来的考试,此处应用过去进行时,故选B。
考点五 现在完成时
1.现在完成时用法
(1)现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响"照片不在这里"。
(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如:
He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
2.现在完成时基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
① 肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.
② 否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语.
③ 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.
④ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)
3.过去分词变化规则:
(1)规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点:
① 一般动词,在词尾直接加"-ed "。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited
② 以" e "结尾的动词,只在词尾加"-d "。 live→lived→lived
③ 以"辅音字母 + y "结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加"-ed "。
study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried
④ 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加"-ed "。
stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped
⑤ 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。
cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit
4.与现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。
(1)与表示一段时间的状语连用,如"for+时间段","since+时间点"。如:
We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。
We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。
从以上两个例句我们可以看出,与表示一段时间的状语连用时,谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。
【注意】for和since的用法
①for + 时间段 译为:……时间
②since + 过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)
③since + 时间段 + ago
④since + 从句(过去时)
⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)
【注意】瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时,要改变成延续性动词。
come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over
open→be open die→be dead buy→have
fall ill→be ill come back→be back put on→be on/wear
worry→be worried catch a cold→have a cold
(2)与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用,如already, never, ever, just等。如:
I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊!我从来没听过比这更优美的嗓音。
(3) 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如:
How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何?
The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年里写了一本新书。
Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗?
The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止,布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。
【注意】 现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago
5.现在完成时与一般过去时区别
(1)侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去,但它们所强调的重点不同:现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响;而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间,即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如:
I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(现在我仍记得电影的内容)
I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前,而不是别的什么时候看的电影)
Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。(着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑)
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天)
(2)时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及"for+段时间","since+过去时间/从句"等时间状语连用;而一般过去时则常与"时间段+ago",just now,yesterday,last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。
She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。
He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。
1.(2025·福建南平·一模)—________ you ever ________ to Beijing?
— Yes, twice. It’s a beautiful place.
A.Have; gone B.Did; go C.Have; been
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你曾经去过北京吗?——是的,去过两次。那是个美丽的地方。
考查现在完成时的用法。“have gone to” 表示“去了某地(未返回)”;“have been to” 表示“去过某地(已返回)”,强调经历。根据答语“Yes, twice.” 可知,动作已完成且已返回,故用“have been to”。故选C。
2.(2025·福建莆田·模拟预测)—I heard Putian Lumian is amazing.
—Right! I ______ Putian Lumian already. It’s the most delicious dish I’ve ever had!
A.try B.tried C.have tried
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我听说莆田卤面很棒。——没错!我已经尝试过莆田卤面了。这是我吃过最美味的菜!
考查时态。根据“already”可知,句子使用现在完成时have/has done,主语是I,助动词用have。故选C。
3.(2025·福建福州·三模)—Did you visit Hong Kong during this winter vacation?
—I ________ there twice. It’s too busy. So I went to Yunnan.
A.visited B.have visited C.will visit
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这个寒假你去香港玩了吗?——我已经去过那里两次了。那里太拥挤了。所以我去了云南。
考查动词的时态。根据“I…there twice. It’s too busy. So I went to Yunnan.”可知,此处表示“已经去过两次了”,强调过去的经历对现在的影响用现在完成时have/has done。故选B。
4.(2025·福建泉州·二模)My English ______ a lot since I used my teacher’s “Three Steps for Learning English” advice.
A.improves B.will improve C.has improved
【答案】C
【详解】句意:自从我用了老师的“英语学习三步法”建议后,我的英语水平提高了很多。
考查动词时态辨析。improves一般现在时;will improve一般将来时;has improved现在完成时。根据“since”引导的时间状语从句可知,主句需用现在完成时表示“从过去持续到现在的变化”,故选C。
5.(2025·福建漳州·模拟预测)Don’t return the book to Anna. I _________ it.
A.don’t read B.won’t read C.haven’t read
【答案】C
【详解】句意:不要把书还给安娜。我还没读呢。
考查时态。根据“Don’t return the book to Anna”可知,不让还书的原因是自己还没读,过去的事情对现在造成了影响,用现在完成时,其结构为have/has done。故选C。
一.选择填空
1.(2025·福建宁德·二模)—Who ________ the meeting room? It is tidy and nice.
—Amy. She is going to host an English corner here later.
A.is cleaning B.will clean C.has cleaned
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——谁打扫了会议室?它又整洁又漂亮。——埃米。她稍后要在这里举办英语角。
考查动词时态。is cleaning现在进行时;will clean一般将来时;has cleaned现在完成时。根据“It is tidy and nice.”可知,这里表示会议室干净整洁,说明打扫动作已经完成,需用现在完成时。故选C。
2.(2025·福建泉州·模拟预测)—I’m hungry. Let’s eat out.
—I ________ the dinner. Come and have it together.
A.am cooking B.have cooked C.was cooking
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我饿了,我们出去吃吧。——我已经做好晚饭了,一起来吃吧。
考查现在完成时的用法。am cooking现在进行时;have cooked现在完成时;was cooking过去进行时。根据答语“Come and have it together”可知,晚饭已经做好,强调对现在的影响(现在可以一起吃),因此用现在完成时have cooked。故选B。
3.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—Why didn’t you go to the movie with Rachel last night?
—Oh, I ______that movie twice before.
A.have seen B.saw C.had seen
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——昨晚你为什么没和Rachel一起去看电影?——哦,我之前已经看过那部电影两次了。
考查过去完成时。根据“before”和语境可知,动作“看过”发生在“没去(过去)”之前,即“过去的过去”,需用过去完成时,结构为had done。故选C。
4.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—Are you going to Sam’s birthday party the day after tomorrow?
—I’m not sure. I will go with you if I ________.
A.will invite B.invite C.am invited
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你后天要去参加Sam的生日派对吗?——我不确定。如果被邀请,我会和你一起去。
考查条件状语从句的时态和语态。根据“I will go with you if I…”可知,句中if引导条件状语从句,时态遵循“主将从现”原则,故空处应用一般现在时;从句主语I与谓语动词invite为被动关系,故此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
5.(2025·福建泉州·一模)—The students ________ a project when the teacher entered the classroom.
—No wonder they didn’t notice her.
A.discussed B.will discuss C.were discussing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——当老师进教室时,学生们正在讨论一个项目。——难怪他们没注意到她。
考查时态。根据“when the teacher entered the classroom.”可知,此处是强调老师进入教室时,学生们正进行的动作,从句时态是一般过去时,主句用过去进行时。故选C。
6.(2025·福建三明·一模)China ________ at a rapid speed now. We shouldn’t forget to protect the environment at the same time.
A.developed B.is developing C.has developed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中国现在正以很快的速度发展。我们同时不应该忘记保护环境。
考查动词时态辨析。根据时间状语“now”可知,此处表示正在进行的动作,且强调当前的发展状态,故选B。
7.(2024·福建泉州·二模)—I didn’t see you at the party.
—I ________ a meeting at that moment.
A.will have B.have had C.was having
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我在聚会上没看到你。——我当时正在开会。
考查时态。根据“at that moment.”可知,句子时态用过去进行时was having。故选C。
8.(2024·福建福州·模拟预测)—Why are you so late? The meeting ________ for half an hour.
—Sorry, I met a traffic jam.
A.has begun B.has been on C.begins
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——为什么你这么晚?会议已经进行半小时了。——抱歉,我遇到交通堵塞了。
考查现在完成时中延续性动词。begin开始,短暂性动词;be on开始,延续性动词。句子表达的是到现在会议已经持续半小时了,强调从过去开始一直持续到现在的状态,应该用现在完成时,“for + 一段时间”要与延续性动词“be on”连用,表示“进行,持续”,是一种状态。故选B。
9.(2024·福建泉州·模拟预测)Paris ________ 2024 Summer Olympics from July to August with “Games Wide Open” as its slogan (口号) .
A.hosted B.hosts C.will host
【答案】C
【详解】句意:巴黎将于7月至8月举办2024年夏季奥运会,其口号是“奥运更开放”。
考查一般将来时。根据“2024 Summer Olympics from July to August”可知,此处表示将来发生的动作,应用一般将来时。故选C。
10.(2024·福建莆田·一模)—How did the accident happen?
—The driver ________ on the phone at that time.
A.talked B.is talking C.was talking
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——事故是怎么发生的?——当时司机正在打电话。
考查时态。根据“at that time”可知,表示过去某个时间正在做某事,用过去进行时态。故选C。
二、短文填空
1.(2024福建)The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He (give) it the name Chang’ an. ... The city wall-one of the few city walls still left in China-is a good example. It (go) around the city and is an important cultural site(遗址).
2.(2023福建)The Weifang government has (encourage) local people to learn traditional handicraft and make more money to get rid of poverty(脱贫). ... Nie (start) to learn to make clay tigers in 2010, the Year of the Tiger.
3.(2022福建)He (work) day and night at the drawing of the bridge and found out that the stone supports(支柱) couldn’t stand the force of the flood.
4.(2024厦门一检)And all of her effort paid off. Soon after, TCM pharmacies (offer) to sell her products at their stores.
5.(2024南平一检)While studying in Baoding, Oumarou (join) the university’s wushu club and trained under Duan Shuxing, one of the coaches(教练).
【答案】1.gave 、goes 2.encouraged、started 3.worked 4.offered 5.joined
三、看图写话
1.(2022宁德一检) leave for, tomorrow
I am leaving for/will leave for/am going to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
2.(2022龙岩一检) often, with
I often play chess with my friend.
3.(2024漳州一检) be, for 20 years
She/The woman has been a (math) teacher for 20 years.
4.(2022漳州一检) now
The man/He is cooking now.
三.语法填空
(1)
(23-24九年级上·福建龙岩·期末)阅读下面短文, 根据语境或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词, 要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确, 使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
The oil-paper umbrella has a history 1 over 1,000 years in China. It used to be a water-proof (防水的) tool for daily use.
It is said that once Lu Ban and his younger sister visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. The sister said, “Let’s have 2 competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, who comes up with a way to make it possible for people to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the 3 (win). ” Lu Ban spent the whole night 4 (build) ten pavilions (亭) around the lake.
The next morning, the sister 5 (hold) something unusual in her hand. It could be opened into a round shape. It was 6 (make) of silk and bamboo strips (竹条). It could be opened and closed 7 (easy). It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said, “ You win. Your ‘pavilion’ can protect 8 (we) from rain. ” So the umbrella was invented.
Later, people used much 9 (cheap) paper to make the umbrella, and brushed tung oil across the surface to make it water-proof. That was 10 the oil-paper umbrella was invented. It greatly helped ancient Chinese people go out on rainy days.
【答案】1.of 2.a 3.winner 4.building 5.held 6.made 7.easily 8.us 9.cheaper 10.how
【导语】本文主要讲述了油纸伞的历史, 以及油纸伞的发明过程。
1.句意:油纸伞在中国有着1000多年的历史。根据“a history...over...”,可知此处应用介词 of ,表示“……的”。故填of。
2.句意:我们来个比赛吧。根据“have...competition.”可知此处应用不定冠词,表示“一个”,competition是辅音音素开头的单词,因此用a。故填a。
3.句意:明天太阳升起前,谁想出了一个办法,让人们在下雨天也能去西湖,谁就是赢家。根据“will be the...”可知此处应用名词winner,表示“赢家”。故填winner。
4.句意:鲁班花了一整夜的时间在湖边建了十个亭子。 spend time doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”,此处应用动名词形式。故填building。
5.句意:第二天早上,姐姐手里拿着一些不寻常的东西。根据后一句“could”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,因此用一般过去时, hold 意为“拿着”,其过去式为 held。故填held。
6.句意:它是由丝绸和竹条制成的。be made of 意为“由……制成”,此处是一般过去时的被动语态,其结构是was/were+done。故填made。
7.句意:它可以很容易地打开和关闭。根据“opened and closed”可知,此处应用副词修饰动词,easy意为“容易的”,其副词形式为easily。故填easily。
8.句意:你的“亭子”可以保护我们不受雨淋。protect sb. from sth.是固定搭配,表示“阻止某人做某事”,此处的sb.应用宾格,we 意为“我们”,其宾格为us。故填us。
9.句意:后来,人们用更便宜的纸做伞,在表面刷上桐油。根据“used much...paper to make the umbrella...”可知,此处应用形容词的比较级,表示“更便宜的”,cheap 意为“便宜的”,其比较级为cheaper,much修饰比较级。故填cheaper。
10.句意:那就是油纸伞是如何发明的。根据“That was...the oil-paper umbrella was invented.”此处是指油纸伞是如何发明的,应用 how,表示“如何”。故填how。
(2)
(2025·福建厦门·一模)阅读下面短文,根据语境或所给单词的提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Chinese lacquerware (漆器) is one of the oldest kinds of traditional art in China.
Making lacquerware 1 (require) patience and skills. There are several steps in making it. First, choosing the materials is important. Wood, bamboo, or clay are commonly used. Then, the object is covered 2 many layers (层) of special lacquer from tree sap (树液). Each layer has to dry 3 (full) before the next one is added. After that, once enough layers are put on, the surface is made smooth 4 polishing.
Lacquerware comes in many 5 (form), including plates, bowls, and cups. It is often decorated (装饰) with beautiful patterns like flowers and animals. The patterns are 6 (paint) or carved into the surface.
In the past, lacquerware was mostly used by rich people because it was expensive to make. 7 now it is available to more people, and some items are more affordable. 8 (it) beauty is admired worldwide. Visitors to Chinese museums can often see 9 (wonder) examples of lacquerware.
In modern times, many people still make lacquerware, trying to keep this ancient art. There are also competitions for the 10 (good) designs.
Chinese lacquerware is a symbol of the skills and creativity of the artists. Whether you see it in a museum or use it in your daily life, lacquerware is sure to leave you a lasting impression.
【答案】1.requires 2.with 3.fully 4.by 5.forms 6.painted 7.But 8.Its 9.wonderful 10.best
【导语】本文介绍了中国传统艺术形式之一——漆器的制作工艺、形式、历史和现代应用。
1.句意:制作漆器需要耐心和技巧。根据“Making lacquerware”可知,此处用一般现在时,且动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。
2.句意:然后,物体被涂上多层来自树液的特殊漆。be covered with“被覆盖”,固定搭配。故填with。
3.句意:每一层都必须完全干燥后才能添加下一层。dry为动词,需用副词修饰,full的副词形式为fully。故填fully。
4.句意:在那之后,一旦涂上足够的层数,表面就会通过抛光变得光滑。by为介词,后跟动名词形式。故填by。
5.句意:漆器有多种形式,包括盘子、碗和杯子。form为可数名词,此处用复数形式表泛指。故填forms。
6.句意:图案被画或刻在表面上。根据“or carved”可知,此处用过去分词painted与carved并列,作are的表语,表示被动意义。故填painted。
7.句意:但现在它对更多人来说是可以获得的,而且一些东西更实惠。根据“In the past”和“now”可知,此处表示转折关系,且空格后有逗号,所以用连词but。句首首字母大写,故填But。
8.句意:它的美受到全世界的赞赏。此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词beauty。句首首字母大写,故填Its。
9.句意:参观中国博物馆的游客经常能看到漆器的精彩例子。example为可数名词,此处用形容词wonderful修饰。故填wonderful。
10.句意:也有最佳设计的比赛。for为介词,后跟形容词最高级作宾语补足语。故填best。
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