Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Words and expressions单词详解讲义-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

本高中英语讲义围绕56个核心词汇及短语展开，构建从基础词义、音标、例句到近义词辨析、形近词对比、语法应用的学习支架，形成由浅入深的知识脉络，助力学生系统掌握词汇用法。 该资料通过近义/形近词对比（如arise, rise, raise辨析）、语境例句及语法填空练习，强化语言能力与思维品质培养。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生查漏补缺，如pleased/pleasant区分及freeze语法填空，提升学习效率与知识应用能力。

1. airline  [ˈeəlaɪn]   n. 航空公司 Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 2. bay [beɪ]   n. （海或湖的）湾 a short ferry ride across the bay 一趟跨海湾的短途渡轮旅程 3. craft  [krɑ:ft] n. 手艺；工艺；技艺 traditional crafts传统工艺 4. antique  [ænˈti:k]  n. 古物；古董 adj. 古老的；古董的 5. pleasant  [ˈpleznt]  adj. 令人愉快的；友好的 I spent a pleasant evening with my grandmother. It's very pleasant to live in such beautiful surroundings. [近义] pleasing adj.令人高兴的，令人满意的(通常用来形容事物) It is pleasing\pleasant to do what you are good at doing. pleased adj.高兴的，满意的(通常用来形容人或人的声音、神态、表情等) She was very pleased to hear that her son won first prize in the English speaking competition. The teacher was pleased with his performance at school. pleasure(n) 快乐，满意，乐事 It was the birth of his grandchild that gave him great pleasure. It is a pleasure to do sth 很高兴做… please(v)使愉快，使满意 I did it to please my parents. =I did it to make my parents pleased. 6. arise  [əˈraɪz] vi. (arose, arisen) 起身；出现；由……引起 Misunderstanding is likely to arise if people fail to communicate with each other. arise from＝arise out of 由……引起/产生；从……中产生（主语多为抽象名词：argument, problem,quarrel, question, movement） Her illness arose from lack of rest. Accidents often arise from carelessness. arise 形近词 ①arise vi.出现；上升；起立arose-arisen ②rise vi.上升；增强；起立rose-risen The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ③raise vt.举起；筹募(金钱)raised—raised More TV programs will be produced to raise people’s concern over food safety. ④arouse vt.引起；唤醒；激发aroused—aroused 选词填空：arise，raise，rise，arouse ①New problems will arise one after another in the future. ②She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence. ③We anticipate that sales will rise next year. ④His remark not only broke the ice，but aroused everyone's interest. 7. massive [ˈmæsɪv] adj. 巨大的；非常严重的 All success is the result of massive efforts. It is impossible to gain without pains. Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 8. literally  [ˈlɪtərəli]  adv. 字面上；真正地 When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. 9. breath  [breθ]   n. 呼吸的空气 breathless adj. 喘不过气来的 →breathe vt.& vi. 呼吸 10. take sb’s breath away  令人惊叹 hold one's breath屏住呼吸 The whale can hold its breath under water for half an hour. 鲸鱼能在水下屏住呼吸待半个小时。 take a deep breath深吸一口气，深呼吸 lose one's breath喘不过气来 When getting to the top of the mountain，they almost lost their breath. 到达山顶时，他们几乎喘不过气来。 While climbing up the stairs，the old man always loses his breath． out of breath上气不接下气，气喘吁吁 11. bound [baʊnd]   adj. 准备前往（某地）；一定会 be bound for＋某地　准备前往某地 Marriages based on money rather than love are bound to end in divorce sooner or later. 12. scenery [ˈsi:nəri] n. 风景；景色 The beautiful scenery and pleasant climate throughout the year make Qingdao a good place to visit. “景色，风景” ①scenery　　　②view ③sight ④scene ⑤landscape ⑥outlook 13. awesome  [ˈɔ:səm] adj. 令人惊叹的；可怕的；很好的 The movie is awesome. It's really a pity that you didn't watch it. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey that they had ever taken. 14. spectacular [spekˈtækjələ(r)] adj. 壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的 n. 壮丽的场面；精彩的表演 With their volcanoes，valleys and waterfalls，the islands of Hawaii have some of the most spectacular views on earth. 15. peak  [pi:k]  n. 顶峰；山峰；尖形 a mountain peak山峰 at the peak of...在……的顶峰 16. highlight [ˈhaɪlaɪt]   n. 最好或最精彩的部分 vt. 突出；强调；使醒目 The Chinese New Year celebration lasts up to two weeks，and the highlight arrives around the Lunar New Year's Eve. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was being able to see many creatures, including deer, mountain goats, and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. 17. goat  [gəʊt]  n. 山羊 a mountain goat山羊 [辨析]sheep n．[C]绵羊 lamb n．[C]羔羊，小羊 18. grizzly ['grɪzlɪ]  bear  n. 灰熊 19. drill [drɪl]  vi. & vt. 钻（孔）；打（眼） n. 钻（头）；训练；演习 the oil and gas drilling industry石油和天然气钻探业 20. freezing [ˈfri:zɪŋ] adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 ①freezing adj.冷冰冰的；极冷的 ②icy adj.冰冷的 ③cold adj.寒冷的 ④cool adj.凉的 ⑤hot adj.热的 ⑥warm adj.温暖的 21. freezing cold  极冷的；冻僵的 Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10’ 22. freeze  [fri:z]  vi. & vt. (froze, forzen) 结冰；（使）冻住 The freezing weather froze the lake and the ground was also frozen． 单句语法填空 ①He put one hand up to his frozen (freeze) face. ②His smile froze (freeze) when he heard what I said. ③On a freezing cold night，the little match girl was frozen to death in a street corner.(freeze) 23. mall  [mɔ:l]  n. (also shopping mall) 购物商场；购物广场 24. prairie [ˈpreəri]  n. 北美草原 25. anticipate  [ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt] vt. 预料；预见；期望 anticipate (doing) sth.预计(做)某事 It is anticipated that...据预测…… 26. bunch [bʌntʃ]  n. 束；串；捆 27. a bunch of  一束；一串；一群；大量 a bunch of keys/flowers一串钥匙/一束鲜花 a bunch of farms 成片的农场 They went through two wheat-growing province, where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area. 28. thunder  [ˈθʌndə(r)]   vi. 打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动 n. 雷声；轰隆声 The final competition is now in progress in the course of thundering cheers. The train thundered on, through the rolling hills. 29. frost  [frɒst]  n. 霜；严寒天气；霜冻 vt. 使蒙上霜 vi. 结霜 frosty adj.结霜的；严寒的；冷若冰霜的 30. curtain  [ˈkɜ:tn] n. 窗帘 draw/pull/close the curtain拉上窗帘 31. border  [ˈbɔ:də(r)]  n. 国界；边界（地区） Remember，whenever you step outside your country's border，you are representing your country，not just yourself. 32. duration  [djuˈreɪʃn]  n. 持续时间；期间 for the duration of...直到……结束，在整个……期间 All in all, their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days. 33. harbour ['hɑ:bə(r)]  (especially US harbor) n. （海）港；港口 34. enrol  [ɪnˈrəʊl]  (especially US enroll) vi. & vt. （使）加入；注册；登记 35. quarry  [ˈkwɒri]  n. 采石场 36. idiom  [ˈɪdiəm] n. 习语；成语 37. contrary [ˈkɒntrəri] adj. 相反的；相对立的 n. 相反的事实（或事情） 38. contrary to  相反的；相对立的 Contrary to popular belief，Australia is not a dull place at all for people wanting culture. (1)contrary to＝opposite to与……相反 My sister's taste in dress is contrary to my own.在服装方面，我妹妹的品位和我完全不同。 on the contrary与此相反，恰恰相反 It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary，it was a huge mistake. (2)contrast n．明显的差异 v．对比，对照 in contrast to 与……形成对照 In contrast to the previous year，the situation is much better now. [辨析比较] on the contrary 用来表示相反的意见 on the other hand 可以用来说明问题的另一方面，常指相反的一面 39. anyhow  adv. （结束交谈或转换话题时）不过；反正 40. alongside  [əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd]  prep. 在……旁边；与……一起 adv. 在旁边 The old man crossed the road and walked alongside Quancheng Square. 41. proceed  [prəˈsi:d]  vi. 行进；继续做 42. proceed to sth  进而做（参加） proceed to do sth. 接着做某事(＝go on to do sth.)(做完某件事后接着做另一件事) proceed with sth.继续做某事(继续做同一件事) 43. shore [ʃɔ:(r)]   n. 岸；滨 44. astonish  [əˈstɒnɪʃ]  vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊 What he said astonished everyone present.他所说的话震惊了在场的每一个人。 →astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的 →astonishment n．惊诧；震惊 →astonished adj.惊诧的 To my astonishment，he didn't feel astonished at the astonishing news that his brother died at all. ①astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.惊讶的 ②terrifying adj.令人恐惧的→terrified adj.感到恐惧的 ③embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrassed adj.尴尬的 ④touching adj.触动人心的→touched adj.感动的 be astonished at/by...对……感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth.对做某事感到惊讶 to one's astonishment使某人惊讶的是 To our astonishment，he actually arrived on time.使我们惊讶的是，他竟然准时到了。 in/with astonishment惊讶地 单句语法填空 ①You may find it astonishing (astonish) that Charlie Chaplin was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. ②To my astonishment (astonish)，the car was gone after I got up the next day. ③She seemed astonished (astonish) that I had never been to Paris. 45. misty  [ˈmɪsti]  adj. 多雾的；模糊的 foggy adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的 46. mist  [mɪst] n. 薄雾；水汽 47. steel  [sti:l]  n. 钢；钢铁工业 48. dusk  [dʌsk]  n. 黄昏；傍晚 49. advertisement  [ədˈvɜ:tɪsmənt]  n. (informal ad) 广告；启事 With the development of society，advertisements have become more and more important in our daily life. advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告→ advertiser n．广告商 以­ment为后缀的高频名词 ①advertisement广告 ②achievement功绩；成就 ③adjustment调节；调整 ④statement陈述；说明 ⑤announcement通知；广告 ⑥settlement协议 ⑦entertainment娱乐；消遣 50. accent  [ˈæksent]  n. 口音 51. photographer  [fəˈtɒgrəfə(r)] n. 摄影师；拍照者 photograph n．[C]照片，相片 (also photo) vt.拍照，照相 52. owe  [əʊ] vt. 欠（账、债、情等） 53. owe sth to sb  欠（某人情）；把……归功于某人 由于,因为owing to because of　thanks to due to as a result of Owing to the bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。 owe sb. sth.＝owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物 Thanks for sticking up for me，I owe you a favour.谢谢你为我辩护，我欠你一个人情。 owe...to...把……归功于…… He owes his good health to his regular life. owe it to sb.to do sth.应该为某人做某事/多亏，亏得…… owe it to sb that...应该为某人做某事/多亏，亏得…… [注意]　如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。 I owe it to you that I have been so successful. 54. toast [təʊst]   n. 烤面包片；吐司；干杯 vt. 为……干杯 vi. 烤（尤指面包） They were standing at the table，toasting each other's health. drink a toast to...为……干杯 propose a toast to...提议为……干杯 Usually the bride's father proposes a toast to the health of the bride and bridegroom. 55. cobblestone  [ˈkɔbləstəun]  adj. 铺有鹅卵石的 56. coherent  [kəʊˈhɪərənt]  adj. 有条理的；清楚易懂的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $