Unit 4 Natural disasters 单元巩固练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

单元巩固练习 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Northern Sumatra, Indonesia Magnitude (震级)—8.6, Date—March 28, 2005 An earthquake happened at Sumatra Islands in the touristy month of March.Being an island area, the earthquake gave rise to a tsunami (海啸) wave and spread to areas as far as SriLanka.The number of deaths is about 1, 500 with more than 400 people getting injured. Rat Islands, Alaska Magnitude—8.7, Date—April 02, 1965 This earthquake only happened inside water and all the losses were because of the tsunami waves caused by it.The quake gave rise to a huge tsunami causing a loss of thousands of dollars.The good news in this quake was that no human loss or injuries were reported in these islands. Bio Bio, Chile Magnitude—8.8, Date—February 27, 2010 This quake happened to take the lives of more than 500 people.The tsunami caused by this quake added to the effects by forcing hundreds of thousands of people to leave their home, of which about 50 are still missing.The number of injured people reached a level of 12，000, thus making one of the worst earthquakes of the human history. Sumatra, Indonesia Magnitude—9.1, Date—December 26, 2004 Having its name twice in the list, it is clear that Sumatra comes in the area that is most prone (易于……的)to earthquakes.Just 3 months before the earthquake of 8.6 magnitude, this quake caused much more loss of life and wealth than the later one！The earthquake gave rise to a huge tsunami killing about 300 thousand people all around the countries of South Africa and South Asia. 21.The earthquake during which nobody was injured happened in ________. A.2005 B.1965 C.2010 D.2004 22.Which area is most likely to be hit by an earthquake? A.Sumatra. B.Rat Islands. C.Bio Bio. D.South Asia. 23.Where did one of the worst earthquakes of the human history happen? A.Rat Islands. B.Bio Bio. C.South Asia. D.Sumatra. B A recent story on TikTok showed how two neighbors found companionship (陪伴) and a new spirit in life during COVID－19, thanks to a shared love of the piano. The heartbreaking story started when Giorgio Lo Porto heard his neighbor playing the piano through their dividing wall.Lo Porto is an Italian living in London.He reached out to his neighbor and left a note, saying if he or she could play My Heart Will Go On.The mystery neighbor agreed，suggesting they play together.Over time the music between two complete strangers became a regular weekend engagement (约会). A week later，the pair finally met and “it was better than expected，”shared Lo Porto.The mystery pianist happened to be a 78－year－old Polish man named Emil.“He lost his wife in December due to COVID－19 and all he has been left is the piano.And he plays at 2 p.m.every weekend because his wife loved it，” shared Lo Porto. While Emil didn’t want to appear on any of the videos, he did share his thankfulness to Lo Porto for keeping him motivated during a most emotional (感情的) and lonely time.When the pair offered each other company, Emil also inspired Lo Porto to continue writing his own song.And Emil reported being happier after playing music with Lo Porto and was thankful to those who watched their performance. The bittersweet story shows the incredible influence two complete strangers can have on each other.Emil moved out at the end of February.Lo Porto wrote, “Dear Emil, you changed my life.You gave me back my passion (激情)，and we shared that with the world.You’ll be in my heart.I’ll keep playing, thinking of how powerful music can be.You said I was your light, but you’ve been mine too.Bye, Emil.” 24.What happened after Lo Porto left a note for Emil? A.Emil helped with Lo Porto’s studies. B.Emil started to share his music online. C.They worked together to create new music. D.They performed music together through the wall. 25.Why does Emil play the piano at a special time? A.To remember his wife. B.To improve his piano skills. C.To express his thanks to Lo Porto. D.To cheer people up during COVID－19. 26.What can we infer about the two men from Paragraph 4? A.They missed their ordinary life in the past. B.They encouraged each other through music. C.They wished to spend more time with their families. D.They wanted to become famous by posting their music online. 27.What message does the author intend to convey in the text? A.We should be independent in difficult times. B.Young people should do their part to help the old. C.We all can be the light of somebody if reaching out. D.People should take some time to enjoy their hobbies. C Check out our tsunami (海啸) facts and learn some interesting information related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction.Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some notable recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe. Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast.If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of meters.If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way. Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to evacuate (撤离) as possible. When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast), they slow down but increase in height. An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200，000 people in 14 countries. In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15, 000 people. The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres (131 feet) in mine areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents. The Japanese word “tsunami” literally means “harbour wave”. Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides. 28.Which of the following shows a tsunami is coming soon? A.An earthquake takes place. B.The water marches towards the coast. C.The water near the shore is pulled back. D.The water near the shore is very shallow. 29.In the Tohoku earthquake, over 15，000 people died mainly because of ________. A.the earthquake itself B.the lack of warming systems C.the tsunami caused by the earthquake D.the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami 30.What can we learn from the passage? A.The word “tsunami” is from British English. B.The term “tidal wave” is used more often than “tsunami”. C.Some nuclear accidents happened after Indonesia tsunami. D.More people died in Indonesia tsunami than in Tohoku tsunami. 31.The passage is developed mainly by ________. A.listing some facts B.making some comparison C.providing some numbers D.making some conclusions D Each winter，an army of ice fishermen move onto frozen (结冰的) lakes.After digging a hole through the ice, they all hope to land a tasty dinner.But within just a decade, many dozens of northern lakes are no longer frozen all winter long.That number may jump to thousands within 70 years. When lakes warm too much, things then worsen in summer.“At sea and on land, many species respond to warming environments by moving to cooler ones，” says R.Iestyn Woolway.He’s a scientist.He says, “In lakes, the only place is deeper, cooler water.However, deeper water is often oxygen－poor (缺氧).” Soon, he worries, lakes may warm to a situation where there is nowhere for the fish to go. To find out when this is likely to happen, his team used a computer to model the likely influences of summer heat on 702 lakes throughout a 200－year span, starting from 1901.According to the model, the average (平均的) temperature of lake heatwaves (酷热期) will increase about 3.7 to 5.4 degrees Celsius.And such lake heatwaves will last more than three months by 2099.In 1901, the average was only one week. That may make the water more comfortable for people to swim in, but many fish and other creatures won’t like it.As water temperatures rise, the number of species will decrease greatly，Woolway says.Weather patterns also will change.That will lead to increased rainfall in some regions and changes of local air temperatures in others，he adds. Gretchen Hansen is a fisheries ecologist.She points out that each study is important in understanding how warming lakes are likely to affect fish and other water creatures.“We should be working hard to protect lakes for fish communities and drinking water，” she says.To achieve that, she argues, “We should do everything we can to move towards a CO2－free economy within the next decade.” 32.What will happen to northern lakes in the near future? A.They will be polluted by garbage. B.They will become ice－free in winter. C.They will dry up due to climate change. D.They will be covered with thick ice and snow. 33.Why is R.Iestyn Woolway concerned about the warming of lakes? A.It may cause species to fight with each other. B.It can lead to overfishing in northern lakes. C.It will change summer into a hotter season. D.It may make fish unable to survive. 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第二段...deeper water is often oxygen－poor...where there is nowhere for the fish to go.可知，深水区经常会缺氧，R.Iestyn Woolway担心湖水变暖使鱼类没有地方可去，不能生存下去。] 34.What does the author use the data to show in Paragraph 3? A.Lake heatwaves are likely to be more serious. B.Global lakes will be influenced by summer heat. C.Lake heatwaves can only be noticed during a long time. D.Human activities play a role in increasing lake temperatures. 35.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A.The difficulty in dealing with climate change. B.The ways of reducing water temperatures. C.The influences of warming water. D.The causes of natural disasters. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I come from a large family，and I share personality traits (性格特点) with several family members.__36__ Although we’re different in some ways，we have many things in common with each other. My grandfather and I both like to spend time outdoors.__37__ We’re adventurous (爱冒险的)，too.I really like to go fishing with my grandfather.When we go camping by the riverside on weekends，we usually catch our dinner together，then cook and eat it at our campsite.Besides，my grandfather and I also enjoy working in his garden growing fruits and vegetables.We both enjoy the great feeling when we have meals made from fresh food grown in the garden! __38__ Unlike my grandfather，I love being outside in the snow.I like to have snowball fights with my friends，but he likes to sit by the fire and read.Sometimes he and I play cards，although I don’t really enjoy that very much.I’m too energetic (精力旺盛的) to sit for so long！__39__ My grandfather isn’t competitive at all.In fact，he’s a bit slow.But I can tell my grandfather is having fun too，simply because he likes playing something with me. Honestly speaking，it doesn’t really matter to me what we do together.__40__ We’re a good fit! A.As a result，we usually read before bedtime. B.However，it’s a different story when winter comes. C.But it’s clear to me that I’m most like my grandfather. D.My grandfather always has a lot of interesting stories to tell. E.For example，we both enjoy riding bikes and doing other sports. F.I just like being with my grandfather and spending time with him. G.On the other hand，when we play one of my video games，I have fun because I’m competitive. 第二部分　语言运用(共三节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When my daughter cheerfully travelled through her first two years of school, I wasn’t surprised.Her classmates __41__ her because of her sweet nature. But then in third grade, her teacher told me that my daughter had __42__ issues.She was often left out of the playing field.I tried everything I could to make her problems __43__.I got advice from experts，__44__ her to invite friends to our house，and made sure she __45__ class parties with popular snacks. However, third and fourth grades were pretty __46__.She usually spent time going around the school __47__.She even didn’t know how to say hello when she happened to meet a __48__ that she was familiar with. Then fifth grade started differently.I retired from my job as my daughter’s __49__.The realization hit me：if I was __50__ that my daughter could handle a situation, she would deal with it properly.Surprisingly, in the summer holidays, our house was full of her friends. I’m not suggesting that you ignore (忽视) your children.Sometimes they do have problems and they need your __51__， but you’d better focus less on the problems and more on your children’s ability to __52__ them.You should have full confidence in your children. We watch from the sidelines (从旁观者的角度)，__53__ we give them a great gift：their parents believe that they can succeed.Even if they __54__ at first, the confidence will give them the __55__ to try again. 41.A.remembered B.believed C.loved D.chose 42.A.mental B.social C.health D.safety 43.A.come up B.pay off C.step forward D.go away 44.A.encouraged B.ordered C.requested D.warned 45.A.left B.organized C.attended D.missed 46.A.pleasant B.terrible C.relaxing D.special 47.A.angrily B.gladly C.alone D.fast 48.A.classmate B.foreigner C.cleaner D.reporter 49.A.driver B.lawyer C.director D.assistant 50.A.positive B.doubtful C.proud D.worried 51.A.praise B.promise C.respect D.advice 52.A.admit B.understand C.describe D.overcome 53.A.or B.but C.because D.so 54.A.lie B.hurry C.fail D.laugh 55.A.courage B.luck C.goal D.fun 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In late August, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, one of the most 56.____________ (destroy) hurricanes in American history, hit the south－eastern parts of the country. It began on August 23, causing only slight damage in the beginning.But it soon 57.____________ (grow) to be a Category 5 hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, causing severe damage along its path. New Orleans, a city 58.____________ was built largely below sea level, was worst hit.In 59._____________ (react) to the coming hurricane, the city government gave an order 60.____________ (clear) the city of all residents.However, many stayed in the city.Some of them chose to stay because they believed that the city’s defense system 61.____________ (keep) them safe and sound, while others were unable to leave 62.____________ they had no access to transport.The defense system finally failed.As 63.____________ result, 80% the city was flooded for weeks.People were stuck in the city without power, food, or drinking water, 64.___________ (anxious) waiting for rescue. The hurricane died away on August 31.In all, Hurricane Katrina caused nearly 2, 000 deaths, and left 65.____________ (million) of people homeless. 第三节(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 根据英汉提示写出单词的正确形式。 66.The old lady took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great (努力). 67.It’s reported that mudslides (埋) entire villages. 68.Don’t leave the lights on when you’re away.It wastes (电). 69.His bad habits of playing video games have (毁灭) his chance of having a bright future. 70.In an (紧急情况) or in the event of danger, shut down the machine by pressing the button. 71. (困在) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude. 72.The (long) of the Hong Kong－Zhuhai－Macao Bridge is 55 km and it is the world’s longest cross－sea bridge. 73.He felt too (shock) to move, not believing what had happened. 74.Thousands of soldiers and rescue workers were sent there to search for the (survive). 75.Our government has taken (effect) measures to ban drunken driving. 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(满分15分) 假定你是校英语报记者李华，今天你校开展了地震应急疏散演练活动，请你就此次活动写一篇新闻报道，内容包括： 1.活动目的；2.活动过程；3.你的感受。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：地震应急疏散演练earthquake emergency evacuation drill 第二节(满分15分) 阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落的开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Cats are a mysterious kind of animal—there is more passing in their minds than we know of.I can’t agree more with this because of my recent experience. It was the Sunday before Labor Day, and I was tired after spending the day at a picnic in a relative’s garden.I looked out of the window before climbing onto bed.Stars filled the night sky, and crickets (蟋蟀) gently sang in the darkness.All seemed right with the world. My big，old black－and－white cat，Oreo，lay on the foot of my bed where he slept every night，keeping my feet warm.I climbed onto bed and immediately fell into a deep sleep. I had just fallen asleep when Oreo woke me up by walking over my stomach.I looked at the bedside clock：3：10 am.I had no idea why Oreo was troubling me.He’d never done that before unless I overslept in the morning，but that usually happened at 8：00 am，not in the middle of the night. I pushed Oreo off me，rolled over and pulled the blanket (毯子) over my head.But Oreo didn’t stop.He stepped on my head and began to make noises loudly.“Oreo，”I said.“Go back to sleep.” But Oreo wouldn’t stop.He kept walking on my stomach and legs, continuing to trouble me.Suddenly, there was a crash of thunder (雷)，and I sat up on the bed and looked out of the window.Lightning filled the sky.Strong winds blew through the window.Rain started to come down hard, making it almost impossible to see the trees in the yard.Soon the wind was picking up and the branches of the trees were moving violently(强烈地).A terrible storm had started. Seeing the sight，I was struck with horror.Thinking that it was not safe to stay in the house, I climbed out of bed, put on my clothes, and held Oreo in my arms. 注意：续写词数应为80左右。 We headed for the basement (地下室).　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 单元巩固练习 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Northern Sumatra, Indonesia Magnitude (震级)—8.6, Date—March 28, 2005 An earthquake happened at Sumatra Islands in the touristy month of March.Being an island area, the earthquake gave rise to a tsunami (海啸) wave and spread to areas as far as SriLanka.The number of deaths is about 1, 500 with more than 400 people getting injured. Rat Islands, Alaska Magnitude—8.7, Date—April 02, 1965 This earthquake only happened inside water and all the losses were because of the tsunami waves caused by it.The quake gave rise to a huge tsunami causing a loss of thousands of dollars.The good news in this quake was that no human loss or injuries were reported in these islands. Bio Bio, Chile Magnitude—8.8, Date—February 27, 2010 This quake happened to take the lives of more than 500 people.The tsunami caused by this quake added to the effects by forcing hundreds of thousands of people to leave their home, of which about 50 are still missing.The number of injured people reached a level of 12，000, thus making one of the worst earthquakes of the human history. Sumatra, Indonesia Magnitude—9.1, Date—December 26, 2004 Having its name twice in the list, it is clear that Sumatra comes in the area that is most prone (易于……的)to earthquakes.Just 3 months before the earthquake of 8.6 magnitude, this quake caused much more loss of life and wealth than the later one！The earthquake gave rise to a huge tsunami killing about 300 thousand people all around the countries of South Africa and South Asia. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，介绍了历史上发生的几次地震以及其带来的危害。 21.The earthquake during which nobody was injured happened in ________. A.2005 B.1965 C.2010 D.2004 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据Rat Islands, Alaska部分中的“The good news in this quake...in these islands”可知， 没有人员伤亡的地震发生在1965年。故选B。] 22.Which area is most likely to be hit by an earthquake? A.Sumatra. B.Rat Islands. C.Bio Bio. D.South Asia. 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据Sumatra, Indonesia部分中的“it is clear that Sumatra comes in the area that is most prone to earthquakes”可知， Sumatra是最容易发生地震的地区，故选A。] 23.Where did one of the worst earthquakes of the human history happen? A.Rat Islands. B.Bio Bio. C.South Asia. D.Sumatra. 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据Bio Bio, Chile部分中的“The number of injured people...of the human history”可知， 史上危害最严重的地震之一发生在Bio Bio。故选B。] B A recent story on TikTok showed how two neighbors found companionship (陪伴) and a new spirit in life during COVID－19, thanks to a shared love of the piano. The heartbreaking story started when Giorgio Lo Porto heard his neighbor playing the piano through their dividing wall.Lo Porto is an Italian living in London.He reached out to his neighbor and left a note, saying if he or she could play My Heart Will Go On.The mystery neighbor agreed，suggesting they play together.Over time the music between two complete strangers became a regular weekend engagement (约会). A week later，the pair finally met and “it was better than expected，”shared Lo Porto.The mystery pianist happened to be a 78－year－old Polish man named Emil.“He lost his wife in December due to COVID－19 and all he has been left is the piano.And he plays at 2 p.m.every weekend because his wife loved it，” shared Lo Porto. While Emil didn’t want to appear on any of the videos, he did share his thankfulness to Lo Porto for keeping him motivated during a most emotional (感情的) and lonely time.When the pair offered each other company, Emil also inspired Lo Porto to continue writing his own song.And Emil reported being happier after playing music with Lo Porto and was thankful to those who watched their performance. The bittersweet story shows the incredible influence two complete strangers can have on each other.Emil moved out at the end of February.Lo Porto wrote, “Dear Emil, you changed my life.You gave me back my passion (激情)，and we shared that with the world.You’ll be in my heart.I’ll keep playing, thinking of how powerful music can be.You said I was your light, but you’ve been mine too.Bye, Emil.” 【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。在疫情隔离期间，两个互不相识的人通过合奏钢琴曲产生了共鸣。他们相互关怀，相互慰藉，谱写了一幅人间美好情感的美丽画卷。 24.What happened after Lo Porto left a note for Emil? A.Emil helped with Lo Porto’s studies. B.Emil started to share his music online. C.They worked together to create new music. D.They performed music together through the wall. 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的...The mystery neighbor agreed，suggesting they play together...a regular weekend engagement可知，Lo Porto给邻居留纸条请邻居弹奏《我心永恒》这首曲子，邻居同意了，并建议他们两人一起隔墙演奏。] 25.Why does Emil play the piano at a special time? A.To remember his wife. B.To improve his piano skills. C.To express his thanks to Lo Porto. D.To cheer people up during COVID－19. 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段He lost his wife...he plays at 2 p.m.every weekend because his wife loved it可知，他在特定的时间弹钢琴是因为他妻子喜欢。现在他妻子去世了，他这样做是为了纪念妻子。] 26.What can we infer about the two men from Paragraph 4? A.They missed their ordinary life in the past. B.They encouraged each other through music. C.They wished to spend more time with their families. D.They wanted to become famous by posting their music online. 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第四段...keeping him motivated...Emil also inspired Lo Porto to continue writing his own song.And Emil reported being happier...可知，Lo Porto和Emil通过音乐互相鼓舞对方。] 27.What message does the author intend to convey in the text? A.We should be independent in difficult times. B.Young people should do their part to help the old. C.We all can be the light of somebody if reaching out. D.People should take some time to enjoy their hobbies. 答案　C　[推理判断题。通读文章，尤其是最后一段的内容可知，本文通过一个温馨的故事，告诉我们如果我们和他人建立联系，我们都可以成为某人的生命之光。] C Check out our tsunami (海啸) facts and learn some interesting information related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction.Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some notable recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe. Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast.If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of meters.If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way. Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to evacuate (撤离) as possible. When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast), they slow down but increase in height. An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200，000 people in 14 countries. In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15, 000 people. The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres (131 feet) in mine areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents. The Japanese word “tsunami” literally means “harbour wave”. Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。作者介绍了海啸发生的原因并通过例子来描述海啸给人类所带来的危害。 28.Which of the following shows a tsunami is coming soon? A.An earthquake takes place. B.The water marches towards the coast. C.The water near the shore is pulled back. D.The water near the shore is very shallow. 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ As a tsunami approaches the shore...may be pulled back hundreds of meters.”可知水向海岸行进显示海啸即将到来，故选C。] 29.In the Tohoku earthquake, over 15，000 people died mainly because of ________. A.the earthquake itself B.the lack of warming systems C.the tsunami caused by the earthquake D.the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第七段“ In March 2011...in the death of over 15, 000 people.”在2011年3月，日本东海岸地震引发了海啸，这是导致一万五千多人死亡的一个主要因素，故选C。] 30.What can we learn from the passage? A.The word “tsunami” is from British English. B.The term “tidal wave” is used more often than “tsunami”. C.Some nuclear accidents happened after Indonesia tsunami. D.More people died in Indonesia tsunami than in Tohoku tsunami. 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第六段“An earthquake in the Indian Ocean...200，000 people in 14 countries.”以及第七段“In March 2011...in the death of over 15，000 people”可知，在印度尼西亚海啸中死亡的人比在东日本大海啸中死亡的人多，故选D。] 31.The passage is developed mainly by ________. A.listing some facts B.making some comparison C.providing some numbers D.making some conclusions 答案　A　[写作手法题。根据最后几段可知，作者主要是通过列举事实展开文章，故选A。] D Each winter，an army of ice fishermen move onto frozen (结冰的) lakes.After digging a hole through the ice, they all hope to land a tasty dinner.But within just a decade, many dozens of northern lakes are no longer frozen all winter long.That number may jump to thousands within 70 years. When lakes warm too much, things then worsen in summer.“At sea and on land, many species respond to warming environments by moving to cooler ones，” says R.Iestyn Woolway.He’s a scientist.He says, “In lakes, the only place is deeper, cooler water.However, deeper water is often oxygen－poor (缺氧).” Soon, he worries, lakes may warm to a situation where there is nowhere for the fish to go. To find out when this is likely to happen, his team used a computer to model the likely influences of summer heat on 702 lakes throughout a 200－year span, starting from 1901.According to the model, the average (平均的) temperature of lake heatwaves (酷热期) will increase about 3.7 to 5.4 degrees Celsius.And such lake heatwaves will last more than three months by 2099.In 1901, the average was only one week. That may make the water more comfortable for people to swim in, but many fish and other creatures won’t like it.As water temperatures rise, the number of species will decrease greatly，Woolway says.Weather patterns also will change.That will lead to increased rainfall in some regions and changes of local air temperatures in others，he adds. Gretchen Hansen is a fisheries ecologist.She points out that each study is important in understanding how warming lakes are likely to affect fish and other water creatures.“We should be working hard to protect lakes for fish communities and drinking water，” she says.To achieve that, she argues, “We should do everything we can to move towards a CO2－free economy within the next decade.” 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。主要介绍了湖水温度上升给水中的物种带来的影响。 32.What will happen to northern lakes in the near future? A.They will be polluted by garbage. B.They will become ice－free in winter. C.They will dry up due to climate change. D.They will be covered with thick ice and snow. 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段...northern lakes are no longer frozen all winter long.That number may jump to thousands...可知，许多北方湖泊整个冬季不再结冰，这一数字在70年内可能上升到数千个。] 33.Why is R.Iestyn Woolway concerned about the warming of lakes? A.It may cause species to fight with each other. B.It can lead to overfishing in northern lakes. C.It will change summer into a hotter season. D.It may make fish unable to survive. 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第二段...deeper water is often oxygen－poor...where there is nowhere for the fish to go.可知，深水区经常会缺氧，R.Iestyn Woolway担心湖水变暖使鱼类没有地方可去，不能生存下去。] 34.What does the author use the data to show in Paragraph 3? A.Lake heatwaves are likely to be more serious. B.Global lakes will be influenced by summer heat. C.Lake heatwaves can only be noticed during a long time. D.Human activities play a role in increasing lake temperatures. 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第三段...will increase about 3.7 to 5.4 degrees Celsius...lake heatwaves will last more than three months...可知，模型显示湖水温度在升高，酷热期的时间在增长，因此作者在本段主要想表达湖泊的酷热期可能会变得更加严重。] 35.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A.The difficulty in dealing with climate change. B.The ways of reducing water temperatures. C.The influences of warming water. D.The causes of natural disasters. 答案　C　[段落大意题。根据本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了湖水变暖带来的影响。] 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I come from a large family，and I share personality traits (性格特点) with several family members.__36__ Although we’re different in some ways，we have many things in common with each other. My grandfather and I both like to spend time outdoors.__37__ We’re adventurous (爱冒险的)，too.I really like to go fishing with my grandfather.When we go camping by the riverside on weekends，we usually catch our dinner together，then cook and eat it at our campsite.Besides，my grandfather and I also enjoy working in his garden growing fruits and vegetables.We both enjoy the great feeling when we have meals made from fresh food grown in the garden! __38__ Unlike my grandfather，I love being outside in the snow.I like to have snowball fights with my friends，but he likes to sit by the fire and read.Sometimes he and I play cards，although I don’t really enjoy that very much.I’m too energetic (精力旺盛的) to sit for so long！__39__ My grandfather isn’t competitive at all.In fact，he’s a bit slow.But I can tell my grandfather is having fun too，simply because he likes playing something with me. Honestly speaking，it doesn’t really matter to me what we do together.__40__ We’re a good fit! A.As a result，we usually read before bedtime. B.However，it’s a different story when winter comes. C.But it’s clear to me that I’m most like my grandfather. D.My grandfather always has a lot of interesting stories to tell. E.For example，we both enjoy riding bikes and doing other sports. F.I just like being with my grandfather and spending time with him. G.On the other hand，when we play one of my video games，I have fun because I’m competitive. 【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己与祖父之间的亲密关系。他与祖父有着许多相似之处。 36.C　[C项内容承接上文，作者与多个家庭成员有共同点，但与祖父最为相像；且该项引出了本文的一个主要人物——作者的祖父。] 37.E　[E项是对上文My grandfather and I both like to spend time outdoors.的举例说明。] 38.B　[本段介绍了作者与祖父的不同点，与上文形成转折。B项中的However和different提示了下文内容与上文之间的转折关系，且其中的winter与下文中的snow和snowball fights相呼应。] 39.G　[G项中的I’m competitive与下文中的My grandfather isn’t competitive at all形成对比，展示了作者与祖父之间的不同。] 40.F　[F项与上文中的it doesn’t really matter to me what we do together存在紧密的语意关系，说明作者不在意与祖父在一起时做什么，他只是喜欢与祖父在一起。] 第二部分　语言运用(共三节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When my daughter cheerfully travelled through her first two years of school, I wasn’t surprised.Her classmates __41__ her because of her sweet nature. But then in third grade, her teacher told me that my daughter had __42__ issues.She was often left out of the playing field.I tried everything I could to make her problems __43__.I got advice from experts，__44__ her to invite friends to our house，and made sure she __45__ class parties with popular snacks. However, third and fourth grades were pretty __46__.She usually spent time going around the school __47__.She even didn’t know how to say hello when she happened to meet a __48__ that she was familiar with. Then fifth grade started differently.I retired from my job as my daughter’s __49__.The realization hit me：if I was __50__ that my daughter could handle a situation, she would deal with it properly.Surprisingly, in the summer holidays, our house was full of her friends. I’m not suggesting that you ignore (忽视) your children.Sometimes they do have problems and they need your __51__， but you’d better focus less on the problems and more on your children’s ability to __52__ them.You should have full confidence in your children. We watch from the sidelines (从旁观者的角度)，__53__ we give them a great gift：their parents believe that they can succeed.Even if they __54__ at first, the confidence will give them the __55__ to try again. 【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文。作者的女儿上学时遇到社交问题，在帮助女儿的过程中作者意识到：要相信孩子能恰当地处理问题，家长不要过多地干预。 41.A.remembered B.believed C.loved D.chose 答案　C　[根据上文...cheerfully travelled through...及下文...her sweet nature.可知，作者女儿的同学“喜欢”作者的女儿。] 42.A.mental B.social C.health D.safety 答案　B　[根据下文She was often left out of the playing field.可知，老师告诉作者她女儿有“社交”问题。] 43.A.come up B.pay off C.step forward D.go away 答案　D　[根据下文I got advice from experts...及语境可知，作者想让自己女儿的问题“消失”。] 44.A.encouraged B.ordered C.requested D.warned 答案　A　[根据上下文语境可知，作者“鼓励”女儿邀请朋友来她们家里。] 45.A.left B.organized C.attended D.missed 答案　C　[根据上文内容可知，作者确保自己的女儿带上受欢迎的小吃“参加”班级聚会。] 46.A.pleasant B.terrible C.relaxing D.special 答案　B　[根据下文She usually spent time going around the school...可知，三、四年级的时候情况很“糟糕”。] 47.A.angrily B.gladly C.alone D.fast 答案　C　[根据下文...when she happened to meet...可知，作者的女儿经常“单独地”在学校走动。] 48.A.classmate B.foreigner C.cleaner D.reporter 答案　A　[根据下文...she was familiar with.及语境可知，作者的女儿碰巧遇到“同学”时不知道如何打招呼。] 49.A.driver B.lawyer C.director D.assistant 答案　C　[根据上文内容可知，作者作为女儿“(人生)导演”的工作结束了。] 50.A.positive B.doubtful C.proud D.worried 答案　A　[根据上文内容可知，作者意识到：如果自己“确信”女儿可以自己处理问题，那么女儿会妥善处理它。] 51.A.praise B.promise C.respect D.advice 答案　D　[根据上文Sometimes they do have problems...可知，有时孩子们会有问题，他们需要家长的“建议”。] 52.A.admit B.understand C.describe D.overcome 答案　D　[根据上下文语境可知，作者建议弱化问题，把注意力放在孩子“克服”问题的能力上。] 53.A.or B.but C.because D.so 答案　B　[根据上下文语境可知，虽然家长从旁观者的角度来对待，“但是”家长给了孩子们一个很好的礼物：父母相信他们能成功。] 54.A.lie B.hurry C.fail D.laugh 答案　C　[根据下文the confidence will give them...可知，即使刚开始的时候孩子们“失败”了。] 55.A.courage B.luck C.goal D.fun 答案　A　[根据上文内容可知，这种自信心会让孩子们有“勇气”再次尝试。] 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In late August, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, one of the most 56.____________ (destroy) hurricanes in American history, hit the south－eastern parts of the country. It began on August 23, causing only slight damage in the beginning.But it soon 57.____________ (grow) to be a Category 5 hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, causing severe damage along its path. New Orleans, a city 58.____________ was built largely below sea level, was worst hit.In 59._____________ (react) to the coming hurricane, the city government gave an order 60.____________ (clear) the city of all residents.However, many stayed in the city.Some of them chose to stay because they believed that the city’s defense system 61.____________ (keep) them safe and sound, while others were unable to leave 62.____________ they had no access to transport.The defense system finally failed.As 63.____________ result, 80% the city was flooded for weeks.People were stuck in the city without power, food, or drinking water, 64.___________ (anxious) waiting for rescue. The hurricane died away on August 31.In all, Hurricane Katrina caused nearly 2, 000 deaths, and left 65.____________ (million) of people homeless. 【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。主要介绍了美国历史上最具破坏性之一的飓风Katrina对城市造成的影响，让受困的人们缺水少食断电，数百万人无家可归。 56.destructive　[考查词性转换。句意：2005年8月下旬，卡特里娜飓风袭击了美国东南部地区，这是美国历史上破坏性最强的飓风之一。分析句子结构可知，此处该用形容词作定语，the most destructive意为“最具破坏性的”。故填destructive。] 57.grew　[考查时态。句意：但它很快就成了墨西哥湾温暖水域上的5级飓风，沿途造成严重破坏。空处是谓语，且句子描述过去发生的事，需用一般过去时。故填grew。] 58.which/that　[考查定语从句。句意：New Orleans是一座建在海平面以下的城市，受到的打击最为严重。分析句子结构可知，“________ was built largely below sea level，”是限制性定语从句，先行词是物(a city)，定语从句缺主语，应该填关系代词which或that。故填which/that。] 59.reaction　[考查词性转换。句意：作为对即将到来的飓风的反应。in reaction to为固定搭配，意思是：对……的反应。故填reaction。] 60.to clear　[考查非谓语动词。句意：市政府下令撤退该市所有居民。give an order to do sth是固定搭配，意为“下令做某事”。故填to clear。] 61.would keep　[考查时态。句意：他们中的一些人选择留下来，因为他们相信城市的防御系统会保证他们的安全。believed为过去时，此空表达的是将来的动作，故该用过去将来时。故填would keep。] 62.because/as/for　[考查连词。句意：而其他人没办法离开，因为他们没有交通工具。分析句意可知，此处存在因果关系。故填because/as/for。] 63.a　[考查固定搭配。句意：结果，80%的城市被洪水淹没了数周。as a result是短语，意为“因此”。故填a。] 64.anxiously　[考查词性转换。句意：人们被困在城市里，没有电力、食物或饮用水，焦急地等待救援。分析句子结构可知，修饰动词应该用副词。故填anxiously。] 65.millions　[考查数词。句意：卡特里娜飓风总共造成近2 000人死亡，数百万人无家可归。millions of是固定短语，意为“数百万的，大量的”。故填millions。] 第三节(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 根据英汉提示写出单词的正确形式。 66.The old lady took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort(努力). 67.It’s reported that mudslides buried(埋) entire villages. 68.Don’t leave the lights on when you’re away.It wastes electricity(电). 69.His bad habits of playing video games have ruined(毁灭) his chance of having a bright future. 70.In an emergency (紧急情况) or in the event of danger, shut down the machine by pressing the button. 71.Trapped(困在) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude. 72.The length (long) of the Hong Kong－Zhuhai－Macao Bridge is 55 km and it is the world’s longest cross－sea bridge. 73.He felt too shocked (shock) to move, not believing what had happened. 74.Thousands of soldiers and rescue workers were sent there to search for the survivors (survive). 75.Our government has taken effective (effect) measures to ban drunken driving. 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(满分15分) 假定你是校英语报记者李华，今天你校开展了地震应急疏散演练活动，请你就此次活动写一篇新闻报道，内容包括： 1.活动目的；2.活动过程；3.你的感受。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：地震应急疏散演练earthquake emergency evacuation drill 【参考范文】 To make us students know about how to protect ourselves during an earthquake, our school organized an earthquake emergency evacuation drill today. Before the drill started, our teachers gave us some basic and useful instructions on what to do during an earthquake.When the alarm rang, students left the teaching building in order.Within a minute, all of the students gathered in the playground, for which we were praised by our headmaster. This drill is really meaningful and helpful，from which we have learned some related skills in dealing with emergencies in an earthquake. 第二节(满分15分) 阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落的开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Cats are a mysterious kind of animal—there is more passing in their minds than we know of.I can’t agree more with this because of my recent experience. It was the Sunday before Labor Day, and I was tired after spending the day at a picnic in a relative’s garden.I looked out of the window before climbing onto bed.Stars filled the night sky, and crickets (蟋蟀) gently sang in the darkness.All seemed right with the world. My big，old black－and－white cat，Oreo，lay on the foot of my bed where he slept every night，keeping my feet warm.I climbed onto bed and immediately fell into a deep sleep. I had just fallen asleep when Oreo woke me up by walking over my stomach.I looked at the bedside clock：3：10 am.I had no idea why Oreo was troubling me.He’d never done that before unless I overslept in the morning，but that usually happened at 8：00 am，not in the middle of the night. I pushed Oreo off me，rolled over and pulled the blanket (毯子) over my head.But Oreo didn’t stop.He stepped on my head and began to make noises loudly.“Oreo，”I said.“Go back to sleep.” But Oreo wouldn’t stop.He kept walking on my stomach and legs, continuing to trouble me.Suddenly, there was a crash of thunder (雷)，and I sat up on the bed and looked out of the window.Lightning filled the sky.Strong winds blew through the window.Rain started to come down hard, making it almost impossible to see the trees in the yard.Soon the wind was picking up and the branches of the trees were moving violently(强烈地).A terrible storm had started. Seeing the sight，I was struck with horror.Thinking that it was not safe to stay in the house, I climbed out of bed, put on my clothes, and held Oreo in my arms. 注意：续写词数应为80左右。 We headed for the basement (地下室).　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 【参考范文】 We__headed__for__the__basement__(地下室).Once there, I sat on the floor with Oreo on my lap as the wind blew and the thunder boomed.Then there was a great crash that shook the house.Hearing the noise, Oreo turned to me, with his eyes full of fear.I had no idea what it was about.The storm continued for a few minutes and then passed as quickly as it had arrived.Oreo and I headed back upstairs.I discovered that my house had been damaged by a fallen tree.If I had been on that bed, I could have been killed.That old cat saved my life! This was an episode (插曲)in my life that I would never forget. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $