精品解析：北京市第八十中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题

北京市第八十中学2025~2026学年第一学期12月阶段测评 高三英语 (考试时间 90分钟满分 100分) 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节， 30分) 第一节 完型填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 One morning I was running late for a meeting, and I passed a friend in the hallway. My friend ____1____ me,“How are you doing?” But I didn’t give the ____2____ response “Good, how about you?” I started to complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain and everything else about my ____3____ trip. Instead of sympathy, he asked me a question,“How do you know if the powers of fate (命运) didn’t create those roadblocks?” The ____4____ was that I might be just spared something much worse than being late to a meeting. I gave a ____5____ smile and walked on. But over the next few days the more thought about his question, the more wisdom I was able to see in it. I remembered the times when ____6____ kept me from accidents on the same roads I was traveling on. The most memorable ____7____ was a white-out snowstorm. We were forced to take a slower route which was very frustrating. Later, we heard that a family of four, just like ours, was killed by a truck on the highway we had planned on taking. As this and other memories came to mind, I ____8____ that it can be easy to be so focused on an outcome and being on schedule that better possibilities are not considered. Ever since then, I have become more relaxed. I have lost weight, my blood pressure has ____9____, and I feel less stressed. It may or may not be happening every moment of every day, but keeping my friend’s question in mind puts me more at ease and has ____10____ my life. 1. A. greeted B. questioned C. advised D. consulted 2. A. honest B. expected C. detailed D. public 3. A. stressful B. lonely C. exciting D. lucky 4. A. impression B. lesson C. inference D. reason 5. A. helpless B. hearty C. nervous D. bitter 6. A. crowds B. meetings C. delays D. dangers 7. A. sight B. example C. dream D. feeling 8. A. realized B. explained C. considered D. approved 9. A. built up B. turned back C. gone down D. taken off 10. A. defended B. spared C. cost D. improved 第二节 语法填空(共 10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In 2022, to preserve China's wetlands, a law _______11_______(introduce) to restrict construction and prohibit harmful activities such as overgrazing, overharvesting, and wastewater discharge in important national wetlands. Since the implementation (实施) of these measures, there __________12__________(be) an increase in the number of birds observed wintering in the nation's wetlands. In February, the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of waterbirds that spent the previous winter at Dongting Lake. Black-faced spoonbills,________13________ rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In 2014, China’s top legislature designated Dec 13 as a national memorial day for the massacre victims, ________14________ (commemorate) the day in 1937 _________15_________ invading Japanese troops captured Nanjing — then the Chinese capital — and began six weeks of slaughter that claimed the lives of more than 300,000 Chinese civilians and unarmed soldiers. The Chinese government has also preserved the testimony of the _______16_______ (survive) both in written transcripts and _________17_________ video. These documents on the massacre were listed on UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register in 2015. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Actor Yu Shi played a prominent role ________18________ captain of the Shenzhen team and flag bearer for the Chinese national team during the opening ceremony. Riding a horse while holding the national flag, Yu’s performance ________19________ (symbolize) the fusion of cultural heritage and contemporary athleticism. Known for his prior success in archery competitions and his efforts to promote the sport through media, Yu also participated in the events, _________20_________ (embody) the spirit of “harmony between rider and horse.” 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节， 38分) 第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Dear Teachers and Parents, This June, during Financial Literacy Month, we have some to share. In 2015, a free online financial education course named FutureSmart was introduced to middle school students, specifically targeting this group at a time in their lives when financial habits take hold and grow. Fast forward to today, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached over 13,000 schools across all 50 states. More than two million students have completed the course, with almost half coming from low-to-moderate income families. But we aren’t stopping there. We promise to reach four million more students by the end of 2025. Why? Because this moment calls for brave action. Never before have money management and investment decisions been so easy to conduct at any time or place through the use of a smartphone. It is time to offer students more critical financial literacy education to encourage them to make good financial decisions on a daily basis as they make their way through a complex world. From weighing opportunity costs to delaying instant satisfaction for long-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates our youth using hands-on simulations (模拟) to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and the rewards of long-term planning. Teaching young learners how to build solid financial foundations is an important step in building financially healthy communities. Although our work is far from complete, we know that FutureSmart works. And it works exceptionally well. In the largest study of its kind, supported by the MassMutual Foundation and EVERFI, the University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute (UMDI) recently concluded that 90% of students saw a statistically significant and educationally meaningful increase in knowledge after taking the FutureSmart course. What’s more, these results were consistent across all student demographics including race, age, gender, school year, and socioeconomic status. We have a long way to go to reach every single middle school student, but we welcome the challenge. Together, our teams have started a movement to provide equal access to financial education, and we invite others to join us. Visit getfuturesmart. com to learn more and see how you can bring FutureSmart to the young people in your life. MICHAEL FANNING RAY MARTINEZ Head of MassMutual US President and Co-Founder of EVERFI 21. The course FutureSmart . A. is offered in two different languages B. requires skillful smartphone operation C. has been bought by a large number of schools D. targets students from low-to-moderate income families 22. How does FutureSmart introduce financial concepts? A. By establishing financially healthy communities. B By managing opportunities and rewards. C. By simulating real-life situations. D By delaying financial gain. 23. After taking the course, the students should be able to . A. improve their academic performance B. accept financial challenges at any time C. understand people from various backgrounds D. build a stable financial foundation for the future B Back in 2008, when I was working as a professional astronomer, I was granted two nights on a big telescope onMauna Kea, Hawaii. I remember arriving at the peak of the volcano at dusk, very excited about this incredible opportunity. I went into the brightly lit telescope control room, plugged in my laptop and started preparing for the night of taking data. When it was dawn, I emerged into the sunrise, sleepy-eyed and ready for dinner... or was it breakfast? It was only years later that I realized I’d been to the peak of Mauna Kea and I hadn’t looked up at the night sky with my eyes even once. I now see this disappointing situation was representative of a deeper state of mental difficulty that had affected me like a long, slow sunset. Over my years of immersion in the academic environment, I’d become lost in the world of ideas, disconnected from an emotional, direct experience, and from the wonder and passion that had drawn me into astronomy in the first place. I’ve come to understand that this situation isn’t unique to me. These are typical symptoms of the modern world.So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature — in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now. Astrophysics was what led me into the world of ideas and facts, but it was ultimately stargazing in a mindful way that showed me the way back to a more balanced state of mental wellbeing and the wonder of my subjective,very human perspective. When we look with wide-eyed curiosity rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations, it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe. Studies have shown feeling awe on a regular basis is deeply beneficial to our mental health, because it helps us feel connected to something bigger than our everyday view of ourselves. Suddenly, our worries aren’t quite so all important and we start to see ourselves from a different perspective. It’s so easy to think that we’re looking up at the stars. But the truth is we’re in them — made of them inseparable from them. You have grown out of, and are living as part of, this Universe. True, looking at it one way you’re a tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of dust on a remote planet in an unremarkable solar system. But from another perspective, you’re an integral part of the Universe experiencing itself through you own eyes, ears and thoughts. For me this view has facilitated a complete transformation of all mental health and whole life 24. The author felt a sense of _________ the moment he arrived at Mauna Kea. A. tiredness B. anticipation C. regret D. uniqueness 25. The common problem of the modern world is caused by _________ . A. man’s separation from nature and the present B. the wonder about and passion for our careers C. our failure to observe the sky with naked eyes D. years of absorption in endless academic debates 26. How can we carry out “mindful stargazing”? A. By holding fast to science facts and figures. B. By observing stars through an advanced telescope. C. By integrating expectations and views of ourselves. D. By sensing the starry night in an open-minded way. C It all adds up Whether it’s enemy tanks in battle, animals in the wild or cutlery (餐具) in a busy canteen, it is difficult to count objects that are moving around. Luckily, there is a technique that can estimate how many there are of something without requiring you to count every single one. The capture-recapture method involves getting a sample — waiting for some animals to wander by, for instance, then collecting some — marking the individuals distinctively, then releasing them back into the population. After some time has passed, you repeat the process to pick another group of animals and count how many of them are already marked. If you captured, say, 50 animals initially and marked them all, then on your recapture step you found half the animals you saw were marked, this tells you something about the whole population. Since half the sample is marked, this implies that half of the whole population is marked — so there must be about 100 individuals. This can give a reasonably accurate estimate of a population, without having to find and count every single member of it. During the second world war, some statisticians wanted to determine how many tanks the German army was producing. Captured tanks couldn’t be re-released, but, as tank components are marked with serial numbers, another approach allowed them to make an estimate. They logged the serial numbers of all captured tanks, working on the assumption that they were numbered in a fixed order and randomly distributed. If the largest serial number in your data is L and the number of captured tanks is n, one estimate for the total number of tanks is given by L+L/n. This is known as the German tank problem in statistics. One of my favourite population estimation stories was told to me by a teacher friend, who tasked her students with estimating the number of forks in the school canteen — impossible to count as, at any given time, a number will be in use and others will be in the wash. Her class “captured” a set of forks and marked each one with a drop of nail polish, then released them back into the population. A week later, they recaptured another sample population and used it to make an estimate of the total number of forks. Researchers performed a similar experiment 20 years ago to shame people into returning lab property. A worrying number of teaspoons were going missing in their lab, so they marked a set of spoons before releasing them, studying their movements and publishing the results. It turns out science is effective thanks to the publication of the paper. 27. Which of the following graph best illustrates the capture-recapture method?（marked ） A. B. C D. 28. In order to estimate the production of German tanks, statisticians need to know the _________. A. fixed order in which German tanks were numbered B. smallest and largest serial numbers of captured tanks C. average of the serial numbers of all the tanks in a battle D. total of the captured tanks and their largest serial number 29. What can you infer about the final result of the teaspoon experiment? A. The missing teaspoons were equal to the released teaspoons. B. Scientists proposed an effective technique to count numbers. C. Missing teaspoons were sheepishly returned by spoon stealers. D. Researcher worked out the total of the missing forks in the lab. 30. What is the passage mainly about? A. Mysteries solved by capturing animals. B. The origin of a mathematical technique. C. A trick helping you count moving objects. D. Distinct occasions adding to difficulty in life. D Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested. The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby-wearing”, in which infants are carried in slings(吊着), is considered the norm. According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices,known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents. Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting. Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities. In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history. This abrupt shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful. “Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,” they wrote. By contrast, in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child’s care.One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour. Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans’ evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression,which could have a “knock-on” benefit to a child’s wellbeing. An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers — this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three. While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups, researchers said that western “instructive teaching”, where pupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents “might also enhance their own social development”. 31. According to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to the practice of _________. A. sharing childcare among community members B. assigning babies to specific adult caregivers C. teaching parenting skills to older children D. carrying infants around by their parents 32. The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate _________. A. an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication B. an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society C. the conventional parenting style in western culture D. the differences between western and African ways of living 33. What can be inferred about the nurseries in the UK? A. They tend to fall short of official requirements. B. They have difficulty finding enough caregivers. C. They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio. D. They should try to prevent parental depression. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Instructive teaching: a dilemma for anxious parents B. For a happier family, learn from the hunter-gatherers C. Mixed-age playgroup, a better choice for lonely children D. Tracing the history of parenting: from Africa to Europe 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。 Rethinking Obesity(肥胖症) In principle, it sounds simple: eat less and move more. This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades. ____35____ So why hasn’t this approach to weight control worked? One possibility is that we haven’t tried hard enough. Perhaps we have lacked the discipline and willpower to maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits—a challenge made more difficult today for those surrounded by inexpensive, tasty highly processed foods. ____36____ In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the primary cause of obesity. We argue that we are driven to overeat because we are getting fatter. The key to how this works in obesity is insulin (胰岛素) processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates (碳水化合物食品) raise our insulin level too high. ____37____ A few hours after eating a high-carb meal, the number of calories in the blood stream falls suddenly, so we get hungrier sooner after eating. The two opposing views of cause and effect in obesity have very different implications for how to prevent and treat weight problems. The usual approach focuses on how much to eat, with prescriptions (处方) for daily calorie intake. ____38____ Higher-fat foods may help get rid of body fat, a possibility supported by clinical trials comparing high-fat diets with low-fat ones. This way of thinking might help explain why calorie restriction usually fails long before a person with obesity approaches an ideal body weight. A low-calorie low-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body, worsening hunger without addressing the underlying tendency to store too many calories in body fat. ____39____ Although much more research will be needed to test this idea, it is time to question the basic assumptions about cause and effect calories and weight gain that have controlled our thinking. A. Yet, worldwide obesity rates just keep going up. B. In our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat. C. It is important to control the amount of food consumed by us. D. Obesity is a disease that affects 650 million adults worldwide. E. Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself. F. Weight loss becomes a battle between mind and metabolism(新陈代谢). G. This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body. 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 40. Why can’t some people apologize? 41. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) 第二节 写作(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你想做一个问卷调查，了解中英学生在某方面的差异。你打算请英国好友 Jim 答卷，并且请他将问卷转发给他的同学和朋友。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.问卷的目的； 2.问卷的内容。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：调查问卷 questionnaire Dear Jim ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市第八十中学2025~2026学年第一学期12月阶段测评 高三英语 (考试时间 90分钟满分 100分) 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节， 30分) 第一节 完型填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 One morning I was running late for a meeting, and I passed a friend in the hallway. My friend ____1____ me,“How are you doing?” But I didn’t give the ____2____ response “Good, how about you?” I started to complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain and everything else about my ____3____ trip. Instead of sympathy, he asked me a question,“How do you know if the powers of fate (命运) didn’t create those roadblocks?” The ____4____ was that I might be just spared something much worse than being late to a meeting. I gave a ____5____ smile and walked on. But over the next few days the more thought about his question, the more wisdom I was able to see in it. I remembered the times when ____6____ kept me from accidents on the same roads I was traveling on. The most memorable ____7____ was a white-out snowstorm. We were forced to take a slower route which was very frustrating. Later, we heard that a family of four, just like ours, was killed by a truck on the highway we had planned on taking. As this and other memories came to mind, I ____8____ that it can be easy to be so focused on an outcome and being on schedule that better possibilities are not considered. Ever since then, I have become more relaxed. I have lost weight, my blood pressure has ____9____, and I feel less stressed. It may or may not be happening every moment of every day, but keeping my friend’s question in mind puts me more at ease and has ____10____ my life. 1. A. greeted B. questioned C. advised D. consulted 2. A. honest B. expected C. detailed D. public 3. A. stressful B. lonely C. exciting D. lucky 4. A. impression B. lesson C. inference D. reason 5. A. helpless B. hearty C. nervous D. bitter 6. A. crowds B. meetings C. delays D. dangers 7. A. sight B. example C. dream D. feeling 8. A. realized B. explained C. considered D. approved 9. A. built up B. turned back C. gone down D. taken off 10. A. defended B. spared C. cost D. improved 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者一次因赶会议迟到，在走廊向朋友抱怨行程不顺，朋友的一个关于命运阻碍的问题引发作者深思，作者回忆起过往因延误躲过灾祸的经历，从此心态变得更放松，生活也得到改善的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友跟我打招呼，“你过得怎么样？”。A. greeted打招呼；B. questioned询问；C. advised建议；D. consulted咨询。根据前文“One morning I was running late for a meeting, and I passed a friend in the hallway.”以及后文朋友的话“How are you doing?”可知，两人偶遇，朋友用常用问候语打招呼。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我没有给出人们预期的回应“很好，你呢？”。A. honest诚实的；B. expected预期的；C. detailed详细的；D. public公开的。根据后文“I started to complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain and everything else”可知，作者没有给出人们见面问候时通常预期的积极回应，而是开始抱怨。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度以及我这段令人有压力的行程中的其他所有事情。A. stressful有压力的；B. lonely孤独的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. lucky幸运的。根据前文“running late for a meeting”以及“complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain”可知，这段行程让人很有压力。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由此可推断，我可能只是躲过了比开会迟到糟糕得多的事情。A. impression印象；B. lesson教训；C. inference推断；D. reason原因。根据前文朋友的问题“How do you know if the powers of fate didn’t create those roadblocks?”可知，朋友的问题引导作者得出的一个可能的推论或结论。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我苦涩地笑了笑，继续往前走。A. helpless无奈的；B. hearty热忱的；C. nervous紧张的；D. bitter苦涩的。根据前文“I started to complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain and everything else(我开始抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度以及其他所有事情)”以及朋友提出的问题“How do you know if the powers of fate didn’t create those roadblocks?”可知，作者正处于赶时间的烦躁中，面对朋友看似“不合时宜”的问题，内心满是苦涩，并非真心认同这句话。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想起了好几次，都是因为行程延误，我才在常走的路上躲过了事故。A. crowds人群；B. meetings会议；C. delays延误；D. dangers危险。根据前文“running late for a meeting(开会要迟到了)”以及“complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain(抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度)”中作者抱怨行程延误以及朋友提到的“How do you know if the powers of fate didn’t create those roadblocks?”，再结合后文“kept me from accidents”可知，此处指行程延误帮作者躲过事故。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最难忘的例子是一场大暴风雪。A. sight景象；B. example例子；C. dream梦想；D. feeling感觉。根据前文“I remembered the times when ____6____ kept me from accidents(我想起了好几次，都是因为……，我才躲过了事故)”以及后文对“snowstorm”的详细描述，可知这是一个具体例子。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着这些以及其他回忆涌上心头，我意识到，人们很容易过于关注结果和按时完成任务，而忽略了更好的可能性。A. realized意识到；B. explained解释；C. considered考虑；D. approved赞成。根据前文回忆的因延误躲过灾祸的经历，结合后文“it can be easy to be so focused on an outcome and being on schedule that better possibilities are not considered.”可知，这是作者通过回忆得出的感悟。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我体重减轻了，血压也下降了，压力也小了很多。A. built up增强；B. turned back返回；C. gone down下降；D. taken off起飞。根据前文“Ever since then, I have become more relaxed.”以及“feel less stressed”可知，放松的状态让血压下降。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然可能不是每时每刻都这样，但记住朋友的问题让我更安心，也改善了我的生活。A. defended保卫；B. spared节省；C. cost花费；D. improved改善。根据前文“I have lost weight, my blood pressure has ____9____, and I feel less stressed.”可知，作者的生活状况变好了，生活得到了改善。故选D。 第二节 语法填空(共 10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In 2022, to preserve China's wetlands, a law _______11_______(introduce) to restrict construction and prohibit harmful activities such as overgrazing, overharvesting, and wastewater discharge in important national wetlands. Since the implementation (实施) of these measures, there __________12__________(be) an increase in the number of birds observed wintering in the nation's wetlands. In February, the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of waterbirds that spent the previous winter at Dongting Lake. Black-faced spoonbills,________13________ rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence. 【答案】11. was introduced 12. has been 13. a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2022年中国为保护湿地出台相关法律，以及该法律实施后湿地越冬鸟类数量增长的积极成效。 【11题详解】 考查动词的时态语态。句意：2022年，为保护中国湿地，一项法律被引入，用以限制重要国家湿地内的建设行为，并禁止过度放牧、过度捕捞、污水排放等有害活动。根据过去时间 “In 2022” 可知，此处用一般过去时；主语“a law(法律)”和动词“introduce(引入)”之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，主语为单数，be动词用was，introduce的过去分词为introduced。故填was introduced。 【12题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自这些措施实施以来，在全国湿地观测到的越冬鸟类数量有所增加。根据时间状语“Since the implementation of these measures(自这些措施实施以来)”可知，此处用现在完成时“have/has done”；本句为 there be 句型，主语an increase是单数，助动词用has，be的过去分词为been。故填has been。 【13题详解】 考查不定冠词。句意：消失五年后，黑脸琵鹭——一种珍稀濒危物种——在洞庭湖再次被观测到。空格后“rare and endangered species”是可数名词单数，此处用于说明“Black-faced spoonbills”是一种怎样的物种，表泛指，应用不定冠词，且“rare”发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In 2014 China’s top legislature designated Dec 13 as a national memorial day for the massacre victims, ________14________ (commemorate) the day in 1937 _________15_________ invading Japanese troops captured Nanjing — then the Chinese capital — and began six weeks of slaughter that claimed the lives of more than 300,000 Chinese civilians and unarmed soldiers. The Chinese government has also preserved the testimony of the _______16_______ (survive) both in written transcripts and _________17_________ video. These documents on the massacre were listed on UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register in 2015. 【答案】14. commemorating 15. when 16. survivors 17. on 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国将12月13日设立为南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日的相关背景、目的，以及留存的大屠杀相关史料被列入联合国教科文组织《世界记忆名录》的情况。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2014年，中国最高立法机关将12月13日定为南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日，以此纪念1937年的这一天——侵华日军攻占当时的中国首都南京，并开始了长达六周的屠杀，造成超过30万手无寸铁的中国平民和士兵遇难。句子已有谓语动词designated，且其与空处所给动词间无连词，故此处应用非谓语形式。commemorate与其逻辑主语（前面整个主句内容）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填commemorating。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：2014年，中国最高立法机关将12月13日定为南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日，纪念1937年侵华日军攻占当时的中国首都南京并开始长达六周屠杀的这一天，那次屠杀导致30多万中国平民和手无寸铁的士兵丧生。空处引导定语从句。先行词为the day，表时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 【16题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：中国政府还以书面文字和视频形式保存了幸存者的证词。根据空格前的介词of和定冠词the可知，此处需填名词，survive的名词形式为survivor，意为“幸存者”，是可数名词，“幸存者”不止一人，应用复数形式。故填survivors。 【17题详解】 考查介词。句意：中国政府还以书面文字和视频形式保存了幸存者的证词。根据空前both in written transcripts and可知，此处是固定搭配on video，意为“以视频形式”，与前面的in written transcripts构成并列结构。故填on。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Actor Yu Shi played a prominent role ________18________ captain of the Shenzhen team and flag bearer for the Chinese national team during the opening ceremony. Riding a horse while holding the national flag, Yu’s performance ________19________ (symbolize) the fusion of cultural heritage and contemporary athleticism. Known for his prior success in archery competitions and his efforts to promote the sport through media, Yu also participated in the events, _________20_________ (embody) the spirit of “harmony between rider and horse.” 【答案】18. as 19. symbolized 20. embodying 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了演员于适在开幕式上的精彩表现，以及他所展现出的文化传承与现代体育精神的融合。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：演员于适在开幕式上担任深圳队队长和国旗手，扮演了重要角色。分析句子结构，“played a prominent role”后需接一个介词短语说明具体角色。“play a role as...”为固定搭配，意为“担任……角色”，其中“as”引出角色身份。故填as。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：骑马执旗，于适的表演象征着文化遗产与现代体育精神的融合。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中充当谓语；本句描述的是在开幕式上已经发生的表演，应使用一般过去时，谓语动词“symbolize(象征)”应用过去式。故填symbolized。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：以在射箭比赛中成功和通过媒体推广这项运动的努力而闻名的于适，也参加了比赛项目，体现了“人马合一”的精神。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词“participated”，且其与空处所给动词之间无连词，故空处应用非谓语形式。逻辑主语“Yu”与动词“embody(体现)”之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填embodying。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节， 38分) 第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Dear Teachers and Parents, This June, during Financial Literacy Month, we have some to share. In 2015, a free online financial education course named FutureSmart was introduced to middle school students, specifically targeting this group at a time in their lives when financial habits take hold and grow. Fast forward to today, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached over 13,000 schools across all 50 states. More than two million students have completed the course, with almost half coming from low-to-moderate income families. But we aren’t stopping there. We promise to reach four million more students by the end of 2025. Why? Because this moment calls for brave action. Never before have money management and investment decisions been so easy to conduct at any time or place through the use of a smartphone. It is time to offer students more critical financial literacy education to encourage them to make good financial decisions on a daily basis as they make their way through a complex world. From weighing opportunity costs to delaying instant satisfaction for long-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates our youth using hands-on simulations (模拟) to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and the rewards of long-term planning. Teaching young learners how to build solid financial foundations is an important step in building financially healthy communities. Although our work is far from complete, we know that FutureSmart works. And it works exceptionally well. In the largest study of its kind, supported by the MassMutual Foundation and EVERFI, the University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute (UMDI) recently concluded that 90% of students saw a statistically significant and educationally meaningful increase in knowledge after taking the FutureSmart course. What’s more, these results were consistent across all student demographics including race, age, gender, school year, and socioeconomic status. We have a long way to go to reach every single middle school student, but we welcome the challenge. Together, our teams have started a movement to provide equal access to financial education, and we invite others to join us. Visit getfuturesmart. com to learn more and see how you can bring FutureSmart to the young people in your life. MICHAEL FANNING RAY MARTINEZ Head of MassMutual US President and Co-Founder of EVERFI 21. The course FutureSmart . A. is offered in two different languages B. requires skillful smartphone operation C. has been bought by a large number of schools D. targets students from low-to-moderate income families 22. How does FutureSmart introduce financial concepts? A. By establishing financially healthy communities. B. By managing opportunities and rewards. C. By simulating real-life situations. D. By delaying financial gain. 23. After taking the course, the students should be able to . A. improve their academic performance B. accept financial challenges at any time C. understand people from various backgrounds D. build a stable financial foundation for the future 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。一门名为FutureSmart的免费在线金融教育课程被介绍给了中学生，该课程专门针对这一群体，旨在教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Fast forward to today, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached over 13,000 schools across all 50 states. (快进到今天，FutureSmart有英语和西班牙语版本，已经覆盖了美国50个州的13000多所学校。)”可知，FutureSmart课程以两种不同的语言提供。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段首句“From weighing opportunity costs to delaying instant satisfaction for long-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates our youth using hands-on simulations (模拟) to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and the rewards of long-term planning. (从权衡机会成本到为了长期财务收益而推迟即时满足，FutureSmart通过实际模拟教育我们的年轻人，介绍日常财务决策和长期规划奖励等概念。)”可知，FutureSmart通过模拟现实情况引入金融概念。故选C。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段末句“Teaching young learners how to build solid financial foundations is an important step in building financially healthy communities. (教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础是建立财务健康社区的重要一步。)”以及第七段“Although our work is far from complete, we know that FutureSmart works. And it works exceptionally well. (虽然我们的工作还远未完成，但我们知道FutureSmart是可行的。而且效果非常好。)”可知，FutureSmart课程是为了教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础，且效果非常好。所以，学习完课程后，学生应该能够为未来建立一个稳定的财务基础。故选D。 B Back in 2008, when I was working as a professional astronomer, I was granted two nights on a big telescope onMauna Kea, Hawaii. I remember arriving at the peak of the volcano at dusk, very excited about this incredible opportunity. I went into the brightly lit telescope control room, plugged in my laptop and started preparing for the night of taking data. When it was dawn, I emerged into the sunrise, sleepy-eyed and ready for dinner... or was it breakfast? It was only years later that I realized I’d been to the peak of Mauna Kea and I hadn’t looked up at the night sky with my eyes even once. I now see this disappointing situation was representative of a deeper state of mental difficulty that had affected me like a long, slow sunset. Over my years of immersion in the academic environment, I’d become lost in the world of ideas, disconnected from an emotional, direct experience, and from the wonder and passion that had drawn me into astronomy in the first place. I’ve come to understand that this situation isn’t unique to me. These are typical symptoms of the modern world.So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature — in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now. Astrophysics was what led me into the world of ideas and facts, but it was ultimately stargazing in a mindful way that showed me the way back to a more balanced state of mental wellbeing and the wonder of my subjective,very human perspective. When we look with wide-eyed curiosity rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations, it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe. Studies have shown feeling awe on a regular basis is deeply beneficial to our mental health, because it helps us feel connected to something bigger than our everyday view of ourselves. Suddenly, our worries aren’t quite so all important and we start to see ourselves from a different perspective. It’s so easy to think that we’re looking up at the stars. But the truth is we’re in them — made of them inseparable from them. You have grown out of, and are living as part of, this Universe. True, looking at it one way you’re a tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of dust on a remote planet in an unremarkable solar system. But from another perspective, you’re an integral part of the Universe experiencing itself through you own eyes, ears and thoughts. For me this view has facilitated a complete transformation of all mental health and whole life 24 The author felt a sense of _________ the moment he arrived at Mauna Kea. A. tiredness B. anticipation C. regret D. uniqueness 25. The common problem of the modern world is caused by _________ . A. man’s separation from nature and the present B. the wonder about and passion for our careers C. our failure to observe the sky with naked eyes D. years of absorption in endless academic debates 26. How can we carry out “mindful stargazing”? A. By holding fast to science facts and figures. B. By observing stars through an advanced telescope. C. By integrating expectations and views of ourselves. D. By sensing the starry night in an open-minded way. 【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为专业天文学家的经历，以及通过正念观星重新找回内心平衡与对宇宙的敬畏感，进而感悟到人与自然、宇宙紧密相连的道理。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第1段中“I remember arriving at the peak of the volcano at dusk, very excited about this incredible opportunity.(我记得黄昏时分抵达火山顶峰，对这个难得的机会感到无比兴奋)”可知，作者抵达时情绪是兴奋的，对即将开始的观测工作充满期待。故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第4段中“These are typical symptoms of the modern world. So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature — in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now.(这些是现代社会的典型症状。我们中许多人生活在与自然日益脱节的状态中——无论白天黑夜——常常迷失在思想、计划或焦虑的世界里，我们的注意力很少停留在此时此地。)”可知，现代社会的普遍问题源于人们与自然和当下的脱节。故选A。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第6段中“When we look with wide-eyed curiosity rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations, it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe.(当我们以满怀好奇的心态去仰望星空，而非执着于事实和期待时，就会心生好奇，进而产生敬畏之情)”可知，正念观星需要以开放的心态去感受星空。故选D。 C It all adds up Whether it’s enemy tanks in battle, animals in the wild or cutlery (餐具) in a busy canteen, it is difficult to count objects that are moving around. Luckily, there is a technique that can estimate how many there are of something without requiring you to count every single one. The capture-recapture method involves getting a sample — waiting for some animals to wander by, for instance, then collecting some — marking the individuals distinctively, then releasing them back into the population. After some time has passed, you repeat the process to pick another group of animals and count how many of them are already marked. If you captured say, 50 animals initially and marked them all, then on your recapture step you found half the animals you saw were marked, this tells you something about the whole population. Since half the sample is marked, this implies that half of the whole population is marked — so there must be about 100 individuals. This can give a reasonably accurate estimate of a population, without having to find and count every single member of it. During the second world war, some statisticians wanted to determine how many tanks the German army was producing. Captured tanks couldn’t be re-released, but, as tank components are marked with serial numbers, another approach allowed them to make an estimate. They logged the serial numbers of all captured tanks, working on the assumption that they were numbered in a fixed order and randomly distributed. If the largest serial number in your data is L and the number of captured tanks is n, one estimate for the total number of tanks is given by L+L/n. This is known as the German tank problem in statistics. One of my favourite population estimation stories was told to me by a teacher friend, who tasked her students with estimating the number of forks in the school canteen — impossible to count as, at any given time, a number will be in use and others will be in the wash. Her class “captured” a set of forks and marked each one with a drop of nail polish, then released them back into the population. A week later, they recaptured another sample population and used it to make an estimate of the total number of forks. Researchers performed a similar experiment 20 years ago to shame people into returning lab property. A worrying number of teaspoons were going missing in their lab, so they marked a set of spoons before releasing them, studying their movements and publishing the results. It turns out science is effective thanks to the publication of the paper. 27. Which of the following graph best illustrates the capture-recapture method?（marked ） A. B. C. D. 28. In order to estimate the production of German tanks, statisticians need to know the _________. A. fixed order in which German tanks were numbered B. smallest and largest serial numbers of captured tanks C. average of the serial numbers of all the tanks in a battle D. total of the captured tanks and their largest serial number 29. What can you infer about the final result of the teaspoon experiment? A. The missing teaspoons were equal to the released teaspoons. B. Scientists proposed an effective technique to count numbers. C. Missing teaspoons were sheepishly returned by spoon stealers. D. Researcher worked out the total of the missing forks in the lab. 30. What is the passage mainly about? A. Mysteries solved by capturing animals. B. The origin of a mathematical technique. C. A trick helping you count moving objects. D. Distinct occasions adding to difficulty in life. 【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“捕获——重捕法”这一估算移动 / 难以逐个计数物体数量的技巧，并通过动物种群估算、德军坦克产量统计、食堂叉子计数及实验室茶匙追踪等案例，说明该方法的应用场景与实际效果。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二、三段“The capture-recapture method involves getting a sample — waiting for some animals to wander by, for instance, then collecting some — marking the individuals distinctively, then releasing them back into the population. After some time has passed, you repeat the process to pick another group of animals and count how many of them are already marked. If you captured, say, 50 animals initially and marked them all, then on your recapture step you found half the animals you saw were marked, this tells you something about the whole population. Since half the sample is marked, this implies that half of the whole population is marked — so there must be about 100 individuals. This can give a reasonably accurate estimate of a population, without having to find and count every single member of it. (‘捕获——重捕法’的操作流程是：先获取样本——比如等待一些动物经过时捕捉一部分，给这些个体做上独特标记后，再将它们放回种群。一段时间后，重复上述过程捕捉另一组动物，统计其中已被标记的个体数量。举例来说，如果你最初捕捉并标记了50只动物，第二次捕捉时发现其中一半带有标记，这就能让你推断出整个种群的数量。既然样本中有一半是标记个体，那就意味着整个种群里有一半被标记过——因此种群总数约为100只。这种方法无需找到并计数种群中的每一个成员，就能对种群数量做出相当准确的估算。)”可知，“捕获——重捕法”的核心流程是：①捕捉并标记一定数量的个体（如50只动物）→②放回原种群使其混合→③再次捕捉一定数量的个体→④统计其中被标记的个体比例→⑤根据比例估算总数量。符合这一流程的图表即为正确选项。故选A。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“They logged the serial numbers of all captured tanks, working on the assumption that they were numbered in a fixed order and randomly distributed. If the largest serial number in your data is L and the number of captured tanks is n, one estimate for the total number of tanks is given by L+L/n. (他们记录下所有被俘坦克的序列号，假设这些序列号按固定顺序编排且随机分布。如果收集到的数据中最大序列号为L，捕获的坦克数量为n，那么坦克总数的估算公式为L + L/n。)”可知，估算德军坦克产量需要两个关键数据：捕获坦克的最大序列号L和捕获坦克的总数n，所以为了估算德国坦克的产量，统计学家需要了解缴获的坦克总数及其最大序列号。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Researchers performed a similar experiment 20 years ago to shame people into returning lab property. A worrying number of teaspoons were going missing in their lab, so they marked a set of spoons before releasing them, studying their movements and publishing the results. It turns out science is effective thanks to the publication of the paper. (20年前，研究人员也做过一个类似的实验，目的是让人们羞愧地归还实验室物品。当时他们的实验室里有大量茶匙莫名丢失，于是研究人员给一批茶匙做了标记后放回，观察它们的流转情况并发表了研究结果。结果证明，这篇论文的发表让科学方法发挥了作用。)”可知，实验目的是让人们羞愧而归还有关实验室物品，且结果是研究成果发表后方法奏效，由此可推断：偷勺子的人不好意思地归还了丢失的茶匙。故选C。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether it’s enemy tanks in battle, animals in the wild or cutlery in a busy canteen, it is difficult to count objects that are moving around. Luckily, there is a technique that can estimate how many there are of something without requiring you to count every single one. (无论是战场上的敌方坦克、野外的动物，还是繁忙食堂里的餐具，要统计移动中的物体数量都并非易事。幸运的是，有一种方法无需逐一计数，就能估算出某类物体的总数。)”并结合全文可知，文章开篇指出“很难统计移动中的物体数量”，随后介绍“捕获 - 重捕法”这一技巧，并通过动物种群估算、德军坦克产量统计、食堂叉子计数、实验室茶匙追踪等案例，说明该方法如何解决“统计移动 / 难以逐个计数的物体”问题，文章核心是介绍一种帮助你计算移动物体数量的技巧。故选C。 D Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested. The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby-wearing”, in which infants are carried in slings(吊着), is considered the norm. According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices,known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents. Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting. Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities. In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history. This abrupt shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful. “Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,” they wrote. By contrast, in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child’s care.One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour. Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans’ evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression,which could have a “knock-on” benefit to a child’s wellbeing. An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers — this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three. While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups, researchers said that western “instructive teaching”, where pupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents “might also enhance their own social development”. 31. According to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to the practice of _________. A. sharing childcare among community members B. assigning babies to specific adult caregivers C. teaching parenting skills to older children D. carrying infants around by their parents 32. The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate _________. A. an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication B. an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society C. the conventional parenting style in western culture D the differences between western and African ways of living 33. What can be inferred about the nurseries in the UK? A. They tend to fall short of official requirements. B. They have difficulty finding enough caregivers. C. They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio. D. They should try to prevent parental depression. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Instructive teaching: a dilemma for anxious parents B. For a happier family, learn from the hunter-gatherers C. Mixed-age playgroup, a better choice for lonely children D. Tracing the history of parenting: from Africa to Europe 【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员提出的借鉴非洲狩猎采集部落的“异亲抚育”育儿方式，该方式有助于培养更快乐的孩子，同时指出西方核心家庭独自育儿的模式存在弊端。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第1段中“where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and ‘baby-wearing’, in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the norm.(在那里每个孩子都由许多成年人共同照料。年仅四岁的昆族儿童会帮忙照顾更小的孩子，而用背带背着婴儿的‘背婴’做法也被视为常态)”以及第2段中“these practices, known as alloparenting(这些做法被称为异亲抚育)”可知，异亲抚育指的是社区成员共同分担育儿责任的做法。故选A。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第3段中“Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery.(儿童精神病学家安妮·斯瓦内普尔博士认为，有办法将这些做法融入西方生活。在德国，有一项计划将养老院和托儿所进行了配对合作)”可知，提及德国的方案是为了举例说明将异亲抚育融入西方社会的一种途径。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第6段中“An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers — this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.(狩猎采集社会中出生的婴儿可能有十多位照料者——这与英国托儿所的情况形成鲜明对比，英国相关规定要求托儿所中两岁到三岁儿童的照料配比为1：4)”可知，相比狩猎采集部落的育儿模式，英国托儿所的照料者与儿童配比偏低，应该加以改善。故选C。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文首段主题句“Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested.(研究人员表示，从非洲狩猎采集部落借鉴的育儿技巧或许是培养出更快乐的孩子的关键)”以及全文围绕该观点展开论述可知，文章主旨是建议借鉴狩猎采集部落的育儿方式，打造更幸福的家庭。故选B。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。 Rethinking Obesity(肥胖症) In principle, it sounds simple: eat less and move more. This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades. ____35____ So why hasn’t this approach to weight control worked? One possibility is that we haven’t tried hard enough. Perhaps we have lacked the discipline and willpower to maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits—a challenge made more difficult today for those surrounded by inexpensive, tasty highly processed foods. ____36____ In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the primary cause of obesity. We argue that we are driven to overeat because we are getting fatter. The key to how this works in obesity is insulin (胰岛素) processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates (碳水化合物食品) raise our insulin level too high. ____37____ A few hours after eating a high-carb meal, the number of calories in the blood stream falls suddenly, so we get hungrier sooner after eating. The two opposing views of cause and effect in obesity have very different implications for how to prevent and treat weight problems. The usual approach focuses on how much to eat, with prescriptions (处方) for daily calorie intake. ____38____ Higher-fat foods may help get rid of body fat, a possibility supported by clinical trials comparing high-fat diets with low-fat ones. This way of thinking might help explain why calorie restriction usually fails long before a person with obesity approaches an ideal body weight. A low-calorie, low-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body, worsening hunger without addressing the underlying tendency to store too many calories in body fat. ____39____ Although much more research will be needed to test this idea, it is time to question the basic assumptions about cause and effect calories and weight gain that have controlled our thinking. A. Yet, worldwide obesity rates just keep going up. B. In our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat. C. It is important to control the amount of food consumed by us. D. Obesity is a disease that affects 650 million adults worldwide. E. Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself. F. Weight loss becomes a battle between mind and metabolism(新陈代谢). G. This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body. 【答案】35. A 36. E 37. G 38. B 39. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过去治疗肥胖的饮食建议并不奏效，我们需要重新思考减肥的方法。 【35题详解】 根据前句“This dietary advice for dealing with obesity has been around for decades. (这种治疗肥胖的饮食建议已经存在了几十年。)”和后句“So why hasn’t this approach to weight control worked?(那么，为什么这种控制体重的方法不起作用呢?)”可知，控制体重的饮食建议并没有阻止肥胖率的上升。所以A“Yet, worldwide obesity rates just keep going up.(然而，全球的肥胖率却在不断上升。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。 【36题详解】 根据后句“In a recent paper, my colleagues and I question the basic assumption of whether taking in more calories than you burn really is the primary cause of obesity. (在最近的一篇论文中，我和我的同事对以下基本假设提出了质疑：摄入的热量是否真的比燃烧的热量多是肥胖的主要原因。)”可知，作者认为肥胖的主要原因可能是“热量平衡”问题本身引起的。所以E“Or perhaps the problem is the focus on “calorie balance” itself.(或许问题出在“热量平衡”本身。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据前句“The key to how this works in obesity is insulin (胰岛素) processed, rapidly digestible carbohydrates (碳水化合物食品) raise our insulin level too high.(肥胖的关键在于胰岛素的处理，快速消化的碳水化合物会使我们的胰岛素水平过高。)”可知，后句陈述胰岛素水平过高所导致的结果。所以G“This causes fat cells to take in to many calories, leaving fewer for the rest of the body(这会导致脂肪细胞吸收很多卡路里，留给身体其他部位的热量就少了。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。 【38题详解】 根据前句“The usual approach focuses on how much to eat, with prescriptions (处方) for daily calorie intake. (通常的方法关注的是吃多少，以及每日卡路里摄入量的处方。)”和后句“Higher-fat foods may help get rid of body fat, a possibility supported by clinical trials comparing high-fat diets with low-fat ones.(高脂肪食物可能有助于消除体内脂肪，这一可能性得到了高脂肪饮食与低脂肪饮食对比临床试验的支持。)”可知，作者认为以前的方法是错误的，应该关注食物的选择上。所以B“In our view the emphasis should be place a on what to eat.(在我们看来，重点应该放在吃什么上。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。 【39题详解】 根据前文“This way of thinking might help explain why calorie restriction usually fails long before a person with obesity approaches an ideal body weight. A low-calorie, low-fat diet further restricts an already limited supply of energy to the body, worsening hunger without addressing the underlying tendency to store too many calories in body fat. (这种思维方式可能有助于解释为什么在一个肥胖的人接近理想体重之前，卡路里限制通常就失效了。低热量、低脂肪的饮食进一步限制了身体本已有限的能量供应，加剧了饥饿感，却没有解决身体脂肪中储存过多卡路里的潜在倾向。)”可知，过去减肥的思想并没有解决人体新陈代谢的问题。所以F“Weight loss becomes a battle between mind and metabolism(新陈代谢).(减肥变成了思维和新陈代谢之间的战争。)”符合上下文语境。是对上文的总结。故选F。 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 40. Why can’t some people apologize? 41. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 41. They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 42. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 43. 言之有理即可。 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人即使明知是错的也无法道歉的原因。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth.(那些不会道歉的人往往有自我价值感较低的深层感受。)”可知，有些人不能道歉是因为他们经常有很深的自卑。故答案为Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength.(不幸的是，我们中的许多人错误地将这些人的防御性理解为心理力量的标志。)”可知，许多人错误地认为一个不道歉的人是防御性的，他们认为这是一种心理力量。故答案为They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks.(在这种情况下，我们所能做的就是尽可能冷静地、令人信服地阐述自己的观点，然后在争论变得毫无意义时就退出——比如当他们不同意事实时，就想出愚蠢的借口或发表刻薄的言论。)”可知，当你试图赢得与一个不道歉的人的争论时要注意在争论变得毫无意义时退出。故答案为When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 【43题详解】 开放题。如果你的朋友拒绝向你道歉，你所能做的。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：If they are not friends you interact with regularly, you can consider minimizing contact with them. But if they are close connections, you can accept their behavior and try to make your peace with them. 第二节 写作(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你想做一个问卷调查，了解中英学生在某方面的差异。你打算请英国好友 Jim 答卷，并且请他将问卷转发给他的同学和朋友。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.问卷的目的； 2.问卷的内容。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：调查问卷 questionnaire Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim. How are you doing? I’m writing to ask if you can help me with a questionnaire. It is about the reading habits of Chinese and British youth. With so many reading materials accessible via digital devices, I want to know how both groups’ reading habits have changed. It contains twenty questions concerning reading materials, reading length as well as reading frequency. It also asks about digital devices young people use. I wonder if you could answer the questions in it. Then, please kindly forward the questionnaire to your classmates and friends. I would appreciate it very much. Please see the attached questionnaire. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】这是一封求助信。要求考生以李华的身份请英国好友 Jim如何对了解中英学生在某方面的差异做一个问卷调查，并请他将问卷转发给他的同学和朋友。 【详解】1.词汇积累 帮助：help→ do sb a favor 许多：many → numerous 想要做某事：want to do sth→ would like to do sth 包括：contain→ involve 2.句式拓展 同义句改写 原句：It contains twenty questions concerning reading materials, reading length as well as reading frequency. 拓展句：It contains twenty questions which are about reading materials, reading length as well as reading frequency. 【点睛】【高分句型1】With so many reading materials accessible via digital devices, I want to know how both groups’ reading habits have changed.（with复合结构结构作状语） 【高分句型2】I wonder if you could answer the questions in it.（if引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $