内容正文:
语法专题2 动词的13个考法和50条解题语法口诀
考法1 填原形
解题语法口诀
例句
位于助动词、情态动词及其否定形式之后
He couldn't answer the question.
位于动词不定式符号to之后构成不定式作宾语、宾语补足语或目的状语
Jack decided to stick to his idea.
在祈使句开头,需填动词原形
Keep quiet.
当时态为一般现在时且主语为复数时
The children arrive at school at 8 am.
用于使役动词(let/make)之后
Let us go to the park to make ourselves feel better.
用于固定搭配或句型中
Why not have a cup of tea?
考法2 填三单,时态为一般现在时
解题语法口诀
例句
主语为第三人称单数或可数名词单数
The town lies on the coast.
主语为复合不定代词或疑问代词时
Everyone wants to live a happy life.
主语为指示代词单数时
This is yours and that is mine.
主语为不可数名词时
Time flies when you're having fun.
考法3 填过去式,时态为一般过去时
解题语法口诀
例句
有明显的表示过去的时间状语的标志词
I went to bed early last night.
当主从句时态一致时,从句用一般过去时,主句也用一般过去时
When she talked about her summer vacation life, a smile appeared on her face.
动词过去式+and/or+动词过去式
Lisa read the letter and wrote some words on it.
考法4 填will/be going to+动词原形,时态为一般将来时
解题语法口诀
例句
在if引导的条件状语从句中,遵循“主将从现”的原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.
根据语境及时间状语判断
I have bought the tickets and we will enjoy the concert tomorrow.
考法5 填过去分词,多用于现在完成时或被动语态
解题语法口诀
例句
在现在完成时中
I have seen many examples similar to this.
在被动语态中
The plan can't be changed.
用作形容词作定语修饰名词
The broken window needs to be repaired.
考法6 填现在分词,主要用于进行时
解题语法口诀
例句
与 be动词构成现在或过去进行时态
Please do not make so much noise. I am working.
作动词宾语补足语
如:see, hear, notice, watch, find, feel, catch
I heard Bill singing in the next room.
考法7 填动名词
解题语法口诀
例句
在某些动词后作宾语,如:enjoy,finish,practice,mind,avoid,consider,suggest, keep等
Try to avoid making mistakes.
He suggested going to the cinema.
介词+动名词
I have made great progress in English by talking with foreigners.
用于固定用法或固定句型中
We are busy preparing for the coming test.
动名词作主语
Smoking is a bad habit.
考法8 填动词不定式
解题语法口诀
例句
作目的状语
My mother works hard to make money.
在某些动词后作宾语,如:decide,hope,plan, agree, refuse等
He hopes to visit Beijing one day.
I refuse to do such a thing.
在某些动词或短语后作宾语补足语,如:ask, tell, wish等
Cindy asked me to help her.
I wish you to have a good time.
在某些固定句型中
It's important for us to learn English well.
疑问词+不定式
Do you know how to solve the problem?
考法9 动词变名词
解题语法口诀
例句
位于冠词(a/an/the)之后
An action(act) can change everything.
位于谓语动词或介词后作宾语
They talked about the teacher(teach).
位于形容词或形容词性物主代词之后
Their wonderful performance(perform)left a deep impression.
在句中作主语,通常位于句首
Laughter(laugh) is the best medicine when you're feeling down.
在句中作表语
The key to success is a wise decision(decide).
考法10 动词变形容词
解题语法口诀
例句
在be动词、系动词或感官动词之后
Grace is very active(act) in sports and plays basketball every day.
形容词+and+形容词
He put something valuable(value) and old into the box.
位于名词前作定语
Linda is a very careful(care) girl.
考法11 be动词变形
解题语法口诀
例句
可数名词单数/不可数名词+is/was
The juice is in the bottle.
可数名词复数+are/were
These sheep are fed well.
There be句型
There are many women doctors in the hospital.
介词后作宾语
Jessica is interested in being(be) a doctor.
考法12 变反义词
根据语境判断。如:Alice dislikes(like) people who are always late.
考法13 变介词
后面跟名词。如:We have many subjects at school, including(include) English and Math.
针对练习
Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.I can't ________(believe) that he has made such a serious mistake.
1. 答案:believe
· 步骤 1:情态动词 can't 后接动词原形;
· 步骤 2:believe 为原形,无需变形;
· 句意:我不敢相信他犯了这么严重的错误。
2.
2.The excellent team managed to ____(win)the championship with great efforts.
1. 答案:win
· 步骤 1:固定搭配 manage to do sth.(设法做某事),to 后接动词原形;
· 步骤 2:win 为原形,符合搭配要求;
· 句意:这支优秀的队伍付出巨大努力,成功赢得了冠军。
3.There ____(be) lots of people waiting for the bus at the bus stop.
1. 答案:are
· 步骤 1:there be 句型遵循 “就近原则”,空格后 lots of people 为复数;
· 步骤 2:时态为一般现在时,故填 are;
· 句意:公交站有很多人在等公交车。
4.________(share) helps us create meaningful connections with others.
1. 答案:Sharing
· 步骤 1:空格作主语,需用动名词形式;
· 步骤 2:share→Sharing(动名词作主语,首字母大写);
· 句意:分享帮助我们与他人建立有意义的联系。
5.We strongly __________(agree) on the best way to solve the problem.
1. 答案:agree
· 步骤 1:主语 we 为复数,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用原形;
· 步骤 2:agree 为原形,符合主谓一致;
· 句意:我们就解决这个问题的最佳方法达成了强烈共识。
6.The students are discussing how to ________(improve) their performance.
1. 答案:improve
· 步骤 1:疑问词 how 后接不定式结构(how to do),to 后接动词原形;
· 步骤 2:improve 为原形,符合结构要求;
· 句意:学生们正在讨论如何提高他们的表现。
7.My parents always encouraged me to work for a better ____________(educate).
1. 答案:education
· 步骤 1:形容词 better 后接名词,词根 educate(动词,教育)需变形为名词;
· 步骤 2:educate→education(名词,教育),符合 “动词 + tion 变名词” 规则;
· 句意:我的父母总是鼓励我为更好的教育而努力。
2.
8.Doing morning exercises __(be) good for health. So never stop exercising.
1. 答案:is
· 步骤 1:动名词短语 Doing morning exercises 作主语,视为单数;
· 步骤 2:时态为一般现在时,故填 is;
· 句意:做早操对健康有益,所以永远不要停止锻炼。
2.
9.Over the past few years, more people have ________(fall) in love with Hanfu.
1. 答案:fallen
· 步骤 1:时间状语 Over the past few years 提示用现在完成时(have + 过去分词);
· 步骤 2:fall→fallen(不规则变化,过去分词为 fallen);
· 句意:在过去几年里,越来越多的人爱上了汉服。
10.The film was ________(move) and touching. It showed the power of love.
1. 答案:moving
· 步骤 1:系动词 was 后接形容词作表语,词根 move(动词,感动)需变形为形容词;
· 步骤 2:moving(令人感动的)修饰事物,符合句意(修饰 film);
· 句意:这部电影令人感动,它展现了爱的力量。
11.With the ______________(develop) of tourism, there are many visitors in Gansu.
1. 答案:development
· 步骤 1:定冠词 the 后接名词,词根 develop(动词,发展)需变形为名词;
· 步骤 2:develop→development(名词,发展),符合 “动词 + ment 变名词” 规则;
· 句意:随着旅游业的发展,甘肃有很多游客。
12.We need to decide where ______(go) on vacation. Maybe we can go to the beach.
1. 答案:to go
· 步骤 1:疑问词 where 后接不定式结构(where to do),表 “去哪里”;
· 步骤 2:go 前加 to,构成不定式;
· 句意:我们需要决定假期去哪里,也许我们可以去海边。
13.We are learning English __________________(communicate) with foreigners better.
1. 答案:to communicate
· 步骤 1:空格表目的,需用不定式(to do)作目的状语;
· 步骤 2:communicate 前加 to,符合 “学习英语的目的是与外国人沟通” 的逻辑;
· 句意:我们学习英语是为了更好地与外国人交流。
14.My classmates climbed the mountain and ____(have) a picnic on the top last week.
1. 答案:had
· 步骤 1:时间状语 last week 提示用一般过去时,and 连接并列谓语,需与 climbed 时态一致;
· 步骤 2:have→had(过去式);
· 句意:上周我的同学们爬了山,还在山顶野餐了。
15.You need to act smartly instead of ____________(follow) what everyone else is doing.
1. 答案:following
· 步骤 1:介词 instead of 后接动名词;
· 步骤 2:follow→following(动名词形式);
· 句意:你需要聪明行事,而不是跟着别人做。
16.She is such a ________(care) girl that everyone would like to make friends with her.
1. 答案:caring
· 步骤 1:名词 girl 前需形容词修饰,词根 care(动词 / 名词,关心)需变形为形容词;
· 步骤 2:care→caring(体贴的),符合 “动词 + ing 变形容词(表人 / 物特征)” 规则;
· 句意:她是一个如此体贴的女孩,每个人都愿意和她交朋友。
2.
17.The air is __________(pollute) badly because there are more cars on the road these days.
1. 答案:polluted
· 步骤 1:系动词 is 后接形容词,且 air 与 pollute 为被动关系,需用过去分词作表语;
· 步骤 2:pollute→polluted(过去分词,表 “被污染的”);
· 句意:空气被严重污染,因为现在路上的汽车更多了。
18.I have difficulty in __________(learn) English grammar, so I often ask my teacher for help.
1. 答案:learning
· 步骤 1:固定搭配 have difficulty in doing sth.(做某事有困难),in 后接动名词;
· 步骤 2:learn→learning(动名词形式);
· 句意:我学习英语语法有困难,所以经常向老师求助。
19.Everything ________(depend) on how hard you work, so keep going and never give up.
1. 答案:depends
· 步骤 1:主语 everything 为不定代词,视为单数,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用第三人称单数;
· 步骤 2:depend→depends(加 - s);
· 句意:一切都取决于你有多努力,所以继续前进,永不放弃。
20.I ____________(prefer) junk food to healthy food when I was young. So I used to be very fat.
1. 答案:preferred
· 步骤 1:时间状语 when I was young 提示用一般过去时;
· 步骤 2:prefer→preferred(过去式,双写 r 加 - ed);
· 句意:我小时候比起健康食品,更喜欢垃圾食品,所以我以前很胖。
21.My parents advised me ________(take) part in a volunteering activity to help others in need.
1. 答案:to take
· 步骤 1:固定搭配 advise sb. to do sth.(建议某人做某事),to 后接动词原形;
· 步骤 2:take 为原形,符合搭配要求;
· 句意:我的父母建议我参加志愿活动,帮助有需要的人。
22.Volunteers in our community ________________(prepare) for the charity show at the moment.
1. 答案:are preparing
· 步骤 1:时间状语 at the moment 提示用现在进行时(be+doing);
· 步骤 2:主语 volunteers 为复数,故填 are preparing;
· 句意:我们社区的志愿者此刻正在为慈善演出做准备。
23.The plan they paid much attention to ______________________(discuss) at tomorrow's meeting.
1. 答案:will be discussed
· 步骤 1:时间状语 tomorrow's meeting 提示用一般将来时,主语 the plan 与 discuss 为被动关系,需用被动语态;
· 步骤 2:一般将来时被动语态结构为 will be + 过去分词,discuss→discussed;
· 句意:他们非常关注的那个计划将在明天的会议上被讨论。
24.Looking up dictionaries is one of the most ________(use) things in foreign language learning.
1. 答案:useful
· 步骤 1:名词 things 前需形容词修饰,词根 use(动词 / 名词,使用)需变形为形容词;
· 步骤 2:use→useful(有用的),符合 “动词 + ful 变形容词” 规则;
· 句意:查字典是外语学习中最有用的事情之一。
25.They plan ______(go) on a vacation next month, hoping to relax and forget about the daily stress.
1. 答案:to go
· 步骤 1:固定搭配 plan to do sth.(计划做某事),to 后接动词原形;
· 步骤 2:go 为原形,符合搭配要求;
· 句意:他们计划下个月去度假,希望能放松并忘记日常压力。
26.Tom together with his parents ________________(plan) his birthday party when the door bell rang.
1. 答案:was planning
· 步骤 1:when the door bell rang(这时门铃响了)提示主句用过去进行时(was/were+doing),表 “过去某一刻正在做某事”;
· 步骤 2:主语 Tom 为单数(together with his parents 不影响主谓一致),故填 was planning;
· 句意:汤姆和他的父母正在计划他的生日派对,这时门铃响了。
27.Everyone should pay more attention to ________(wait) at a traffic light when crossing the street.
1. 答案:waiting
· 步骤 1:固定搭配 pay attention to doing sth.(注意做某事),to 后接动名词;
· 步骤 2:wait→waiting(动名词形式);
· 句意:过马路时,每个人都应该多注意在红绿灯前等待。
28.What I think is that more and more people __________________________(buy) electric cars sooner or later.
1. 答案:will buy
· 步骤 1:时间状语 sooner or later(迟早)提示用一般将来时;
· 步骤 2:buy→will buy(一般将来时结构);
· 句意:我认为,越来越多的人迟早会买电动汽车。
2.
29.The government ________________(succeed) in AI programs in many areas during the past few years.
1. 答案:has succeeded
· 步骤 1:时间状语 during the past few years 提示用现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词);
· 步骤 2:主语 the government 为单数,succeed→has succeeded(过去分词为 succeeded);
· 句意:在过去几年里,政府在许多领域的人工智能项目中取得了成功。
30.There ____(be) many beautiful flowers and tall trees in the park, which attract many local people.
1. 答案:are
· 步骤 1:there be 句型遵循 “就近原则”,空格后 many beautiful flowers 为复数;
· 步骤 2:时态为一般现在时,故填 are;
· 句意:公园里有许多美丽的花和高大的树,吸引了很多当地人。
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