高二英语上学期期末模拟卷01（沪教版）

2025-2026学年高二上学期期末模拟卷01 英 语 （考试时间：100分钟；试卷总分：125分） 注意事项： 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项： 1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡上指定的位置。 2.答案必须按要求填涂、书写在答题卡上，在试卷、草稿纸上答题一律无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A: Grammar (15’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank. There’s a type of porridge (粥) in China that’s filled with tradition and celebrated for its delicious taste. Unfortunately, to my mind, it also has a funny name. Every year during the Laba Festival, which 1 (happen) on the eighth day of the 12th lunar month, Laba porridge is the food traditionally served. However, the first time I heard its name was in a nursery rhyme my daughter’s nanny sang to her, 2 goes: “after Laba is the Lunar New Year” to her. But thanks to my bad Chinese and her heavy accent, I instead heard Laba in different tones that changed the meaning to “poop (粪便)”. For a good two days I thought it was a nursery rhyme which, 3 help toddlers (幼儿) with potty (如厕) training. I was very wrong. The Laba Festival arrives before Lunar New Year. Traditionally observed by Buddhists to honor the enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautama, the festival is now 4 (much) of a time for reflection, gratitude and preparing for the upcoming Lunar New Year festivities. Laba porridge is delicious and beautiful. Its heartiness lies in its array of ingredients. While every family has their own variation, 5 typically includes a mix of beans, rice, nuts and dried fruits. The key ingredients, however, are glutinous rice (糯米), beans and various grains, cooked 6 the rice thickens. Each ingredient has symbolic significance around the ideas of prosperity and health. For example, red beans symbolize good luck and happiness, 7 glutinous rice signifies family unity. Traditionally, before the Lunar New Year, families gather to prepare Laba porridge together, fostering a sense of unity and 8 (share) traditions, much like how families in the US do with their Thanksgiving meals. It’s about the time you spend together 9 the food you eat. Laba porridge is one of those dishes that hold a special place in Chinese culinary heritage, 10 (combine) history, symbolism and a sense of community. In each steaming bowl of Laba porridge are well-wishes that one family member bestows upon another. Section B: Vocabulary (15’) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．tricky  B．collapse  C． elevated  D．admittedly  E. marginalized  F. substance G. arguably  H. captured  I. bottom  J. represented  K. present Maradona: An Enduring Legend For a nation prone to frequent grieving over its missed opportunities, crashing from the world’s 10th wealthiest economy per capita in 1913 to the edge of economic and social 11 in the past century, Argentina has produced an astonishing array of instantly recognizable global icons. And there is Diego Maradona, 12 the world’s greatest ever footballer, who transcended the sport to become something much more than a soccer star to millions around the world. Perhaps no image 13 his conflicting essence like the one at the 1994 World Cup. After scoring a wonderful goal against Greece, he raced toward the sideline TV camera, arms pulled back, chest stuck out, mouth open, eyes wide as if he were possessed by the devil. And there also was the "Hand of God," a (an) 14 goal undetected by the referee. Had it taken place in this age of video review, it would have been laughed off and forgotten. Instead, it stands in a historic moment that could belong only to Maradona. To the world’s neglected and 15 , Maradona became a figure of hope, for some almost a god. Such is the power of the Maradona icon that even years after his death, most likely brought on by decades of 16 abuse, his story still feels like an enduring legend. Even today in Argentina, Maradona is everywhere 17 , in people’s hearts, in people’s minds. “I love him,” I have heard people echoing for over decades, long years after he retired from the soccer field. “Do you realize the happiness he brought to us, the poor? You have no idea!” 18 , he was a flawed genius with a chaotic life, yet that only made him more human to his supporters. To countless fans like this, Maradona 19 a signal of rebellion against everything that is unfair in our unequal world. "For the kind of people working their way up from the 20 , the kind of kids who play ball barefoot in the street, Maradona was the ultimate champion for them." III. Reading Comprehension Section A: Cloze (15’) In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress, changing how we work, live, and connect. Today, AI is not just a tool for making predictions or assisting humans; it can now act 21 , completing tasks and making decisions. This shift marks the beginning of a “digital labor revolution.” AI agents, powered by machine learning, can generate text, compose music, and design images. These agents can work on their own, 22 with other AI systems, or assist humans. Unlike traditional automation, which replaced simple tasks, AI agents have the potential to perform 23 jobs, increasing productivity across industries. AI-driven automation has the power to transform economies. By taking over repetitive and routine tasks, AI allows workers to focus on creative and 24 activities. This leads to higher efficiency, economic growth, and innovation. In fact, AI-driven productivity increased by 2.2% in the third quarter of 2024. However, the rise of AI also raises 25 . As AI becomes more capable, some fear job losses and increased inequality. Historically, though, technological advancements have created more jobs than they have 26 . In 1950,43 million Americans had jobs; by 2020, that number had risen to 152 million. The key to managing this transition is education — training people to work alongside AI and developing new 27 . AI’s impact goes beyond business. It can be used to expand opportunities for education and career development. For example, the nonprofit organization College Possible uses an AI-powered virtual counselor to 28 students with college applications. This technology helps bridge the gap between students and overworked human counselors, ensuring that more students receive 29 . Similarly, AI is improving the job application process. The Adecco Group, a global human resources company, now uses AI to quickly 30 job seekers with employers. This reduces waiting times and helps more people find 31 employment. The future of AI depends on how we use it. If applied responsibly, AI can improve efficiency, create opportunities, and 32 human potential. Governments, businesses, and researchers must work together to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility, and 33 . Standing at the edge of this new era, we must embrace AI with 34 . Used wisely, AI has the power to boost economic growth, enhance human skills, and drive progress worldwide. The key is to balance innovation with 35 , ensuring that AI serves humanity in the best possible way. 21．A．independently B．passively C．randomly D．temporarily 22．A．argue B．compare C．compete D．cooperate 23．A．boring B．complex C．dangerous D．simple 24．A．physical B．repetitive C．daily D．strategic 25．A．benefits B．concerns C．hopes D．difficulties 26．A．created B．eliminated C．ignored D．lost 27．A．challenges B．industries C．problems D．theories 28．A．assist B．confuse C．discourage D．replace 29．A．criticism B．guidance C．pressure D．rejection 30．A．compare B．compete C．match D．separate 31．A．part-time B．temporary C．stressful D．suitable 32．A．develop B．limit C．ignore D．waste 33．A．competition B．cost C．safety D．speed 34．A．confidence B．doubt C．fear D．hesitation 35．A．profit B．benefit C．responsibility D．tradition Section B (30’) In 1969, a ship carrying 90 passengers arrived in Antarctic waters. Since then, Antarctic tourism has increased noticeably. Nowadays, over 35,000 visitors a season came to the Antarctic during summer, with the intention of visiting colonies of penguins. That worries many environmentalists, who fear such quantities of people may be disturbing the penguins. However, a study published in Polar Biology by Maureen Lynch of Stony Brook University brings good news for penguins, tourists and tour-operators alike – for the tourists’ visits are not stressing the birds at all. The conventional way of deciding whether visits by tourists are stressful to the animals is to recruit a bunch of PhD students to observe those animals and make a number of behavioral observations when tourists are and are not present. This is difficult and expensive, for even PhD students need to be housed and fed. Another choice is to sample the animals’ blood and analyze it for stress hormones. The problem with this is that catching animals to measure their hormone levels is stressful. There is, however, a third way, which is to look for stress hormones in animals’ droppings (排泄物). Dr. Lynch knew from previous work by her partner that some stress hormones show up in penguin wastes, and that hormone concentrations in droppings went up shortly after animals were approached by human beings, and then returned to normal later. With that in mind, she decided to compare droppings from penguin colonies visited by lots of tourists with those less visited. As the researchers expected, all collected samples contained related stress hormones. Contrary to their expectations, however, there were no significant differences between samples from different sites, regardless of the number of visitors those sites played host to. It seems, then, either that penguins do not worry about human visitors in the first place, or that they quickly get used to them. What is more, Dr. Lynch’s method provides an easy way to monitor the situation. If a growing number of tourists put the birds under stress, it will be possible to advise tour operators to consider their business at less-visited colonies. 36．What do we know about Antarctic tourism? A．It enjoyed popularity in 1969. B．It attracts visitors in all the year round. C．It allows people to see penguins. D．It had disturbed the penguins. 37．The problem of the conventional method lies in ________. A．the difficulty in recruiting PhD students B．high costs required in the Antarctic C．comparison of penguins’ behaviors D．the huge trouble of catching animals 38．What did Dr. Lynch’s partner find about penguin waste? A．It contained certain stress hormones. B．It had high level of stress hormones. C．Its hormone level was unstable. D．Its hormones were at normal levels. 39．What can we learn from the analysis of the collected samples? A．Penguins are afraid of visitors. B．Penguins are used to visitors. C．Penguins are hardly stressed by tourists. D．Penguins are always under great stress. What is the serial or Oxford comma? The serial, also called the Oxford comma, is used before the concluding conjunction (and, or) that marks the final item in a list of three or more items. It appears after the second-last element in a series. EXAMPLE: We had cats, dogs, and horses on the farm. EXAMPLE: Would you like tea, coffee, or sparkling water? When to use Using the serial comma is optional, except when not using it would result in confusion. ✘Confusing: My favorite people are my sisters, Lady Gaga and Beyoncé. Unless your sisters are the two famous singers, use a serial comma. ✔Better: My favorite people are my sisters, Lady Gaga, and Beyoncé. ! CAUTIONBe careful to place the comma correctly. It doesn't always go before the final and. EXAMPLE: Paul ordered milk, toast, and eggs and bread. The final item is “eggs and bread,” so the comma goes before it. Differences in academic, creative, and news writing ●In academic and other formal writing, where it is important to convey exact meaning, the serial comma is generally preferred. ●In news copy, where space is precious, the serial comma is generally omitted. ●In creative writing, where rhythm and cadence are more important, the serial comma is often omitted (though some writers may prefer it, and that is perfectly fine as long as it is used consistently). ✔For ✘Against (or flexible) AMA (American Medical Association): “Use a comma before the conjunction that precedes the last term in a series.” APA (American Psychological Association): “Use a comma between elements (including before and and or) in a series of three or more items.” Oxford University Press: “Given that the final comma is sometimes necessary to prevent ambiguity, it is logical to impose it uniformly.” AP (Associated Press): “Use commas to separate elements in a series, but do not put a comma before the conjunction in a simple series.” Cambridge University Press: “In British practice there's an Oxford/ Cambridge divide[with Oxford in favor and Cambridge against].” The Guardian: “Straightforward [lists]… do not need [an Oxford comma], but sometimes it can help the reader.” 40．Which of the following statements is true about the Oxford comma? A．The serial comma is before the last “and” in a sentence. B．There's no strict rule for the use of serial comma in poems. C．Mainstream press companies are against the use of the Oxford comma. D．Academic writing uses the Oxford comma to keep the text short. 41．Which of the following statements is correct according to the article? A．This sentence is grammatically correct: She’s funny, caring and smart. B．This sentence is clear and correct: The girl at e some broccoli, peas, and bread, and butter. C．This sentence contains an Oxford comma: She loves the shells, the waves, the sunshine and the shoreline. D．This sentence clearly conveys that your parents are a doctor and a teacher: My parents, a doctor, and a teacher, inspired me to become a writer. 42．If you were an editor, which of the following sentences would you consider stylistically correct? A．Sentence: Every Friday, be the first to see reviews, news, and features.  Source: The New York Times B．Sentence: The rucksack didn’t contain any significant clues: just some bread, a bottle of Fanta, a bottle of water and a pair of trainers.  Source: “The Mystery of the Man Who Fell from the Sky,” The Guardian (April 15,2021) C．Sentence: Bacteria play a major role in bodily functions, including immunity, digestion and protection against disease.  Source: from an article in Clinical Microbiology Reviews D．Sentence: She represents love, beauty, purity, the ideal female and the moon. She’s the mystère of love, perpetual help, goodwill, health, beauty, and fortune.  Source: On Beauty (2005) by novelist Zadie Smith In the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements. Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液).This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵). After weeks of fermentation, Brand boiled the urine down to a thick, sticky substance. He then mixed this paste with sand and heated the mixture to an extreme temperature. What emerged from this process was a substance that was entirely new to the world of science — a white solid that shone with a soft light in the dark. Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus”, originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious. The implications of Brand’s discovery were far-reaching. Phosphorus was not only a novelty but also a substance with practical applications. It would later become an essential component in the production of matches,fertilizers, and various chemicals. Hennig Brand’s accidental discovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment. 43．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The fall of ancient alchemists and the rise of modern chemists. B．The accidental discovery of phosphorus and its scientific impact. C．The importance of human urine in scientific experiments. D．How to turn base metals into gold through magic. 44．What was Hennig Brand’s initial goal when he started his experiments? A．To turn human urine into gold. B．To discover something new. C．To produce a glowing substance (物质). D．To reform modern chemistry. 45．The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to . A．statement B．trouble C．pattern D．foundation 46．What can be inferred about Hennig Brand from the passage? A．He was a funny chemist who followed scientific methods. B．He was a debatable scientist who predicted the future of chemistry. C．He was a curious individual willing to explore untraditional ideas. D．He was a wealthy man with a deep understanding of chemistry. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How to Become a Scientist Here is some advice for students who think they might like to become scientists. Become an observer. One of the most important things you can do to become a good scientist is to practice watching everything carefully. Find a comfortable chair and put it in the middle of your garden or a park. Sit in the chair for thirty minutes or an hour. Watch the insects that fly past or land on the plants. Look at the shapes of leaves and branches. Listen to the sounds of insects. 47 Use a microscope to look closely at interesting objects. Learn everything you can about a topic that interests you. Suppose you’d like to explore flowers by using a microscope. Go to the library and check out some flower books. See what you can find on the Internet. Pick some flowers and carefully take them apart. 48 The more you know about flowers from reading about them and observing them, the more you’ll understand when you look at them with a microscope. Ask for help from a knowledgeable person. After you’ve learned everything you can on your own, ask someone else to help with questions you still have. Maybe there’s someone at a nearby school or museum who knows about insects, spiders, or something else you’d like to learn about. 49 Find a scientist to talk to or find a place where scientific research is being done. If you still want to learn more, you can find a scientist to talk to at a nearby university, or research station. 50 Explain what you’re interested in. Ask if you can schedule a time to visit. Most scientists are happy to talk to students who share their passion for science. A．You may go to seek answers from him. B．Write a letter or an e-mail message to the scientist. C．Research your questions using the Internet or library. D．See if you can find a sight or sound that surprises you. E．Use a microscope to see how everything fits together. F．Being a scientist is time-consuming and mentally demanding. V. Summary writing (10’) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of siblings(兄弟姐妹) It’s common knowledge that the family a child grows up in has a huge influence on the child’s attitudes, beliefs and mental health. People usually think that the child’s parents are responsible for this influence, but relationships with brothers and sisters are just as important. Siblings provide children with a unique opportunity to practice interacting with their peers, rather than authority figures. Although friendships can have similar effects, relationships with siblings offer some unique advantages. During childhood, siblings see each other every day and spend more time with each other than with anyone else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. Siblings are also forced to persevere in their relationships with each other even if they have a falling out. This forces children to practice conflict resolution skills since they cannot leave the familial relationship, as they could with a friend. But a sibling relationship also offers a safe place to discuss difficult topics without fear of abandonment. Moreover, older siblings often teach their younger brothers and sisters about life. They can convey useful skills and advice, but they can also set bad examples, leading their younger siblings to do things that are wrong or foolish. Once children grow up, they do not see their siblings as often as before since they usually no longer live together. Maintaining sibling relationships now takes work, and if siblings do not get along, they can avoid each other. But many sibling relationships improve in young adulthood as the siblings mature. Sometimes the distance helps siblings enjoy each other’s company when they do meet. Relationships between siblings vary depending on the ages and personalities of the children involved. Even the best sibling relationships involve some disagreements, but a strong relationship can survive such conflicts. Considering the role of siblings throughout our lives, it’s critical to take the time to cultivate positive relationships with siblings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Translation. (3’+3’+4’+5’) 52．那些有相同爱好的人更有可能成为好朋友。(identical)(汉译英) 53．作者巧妙地将生动的描写与激动人心的情节相结合，使得他的小说让人爱不释手。 (couple) (汉译英) 54．在一个电子阅读器盛行的时代，我还是更喜欢纸质书，它能使我置身于书香之中。 (surround) (汉译英) 55．得益于科技的迅猛发展，在线学习越来越受欢迎，学生们得以订阅那些由全球知名教授授课的教育平台，进而拓宽自身的知识视野。 (thanks to) (汉译英) VII. Guided writing (25’) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 10-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. “Tourism will destroy the environment.” 你是否赞同这一观点，并说明原因。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二上学期期末模拟卷01 英 语·全解全析 （考试时间：100分钟；试卷总分：125分） 注意事项： 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项： 1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡上指定的位置。 2.答案必须按要求填涂、书写在答题卡上，在试卷、草稿纸上答题一律无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A: Grammar (15’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank. There’s a type of porridge (粥) in China that’s filled with tradition and celebrated for its delicious taste. Unfortunately, to my mind, it also has a funny name. Every year during the Laba Festival, which 1 (happen) on the eighth day of the 12th lunar month, Laba porridge is the food traditionally served. However, the first time I heard its name was in a nursery rhyme my daughter’s nanny sang to her, 2 goes: “after Laba is the Lunar New Year” to her. But thanks to my bad Chinese and her heavy accent, I instead heard Laba in different tones that changed the meaning to “poop (粪便)”. For a good two days I thought it was a nursery rhyme which, 3 help toddlers (幼儿) with potty (如厕) training. I was very wrong. The Laba Festival arrives before Lunar New Year. Traditionally observed by Buddhists to honor the enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautama, the festival is now 4 (much) of a time for reflection, gratitude and preparing for the upcoming Lunar New Year festivities. Laba porridge is delicious and beautiful. Its heartiness lies in its array of ingredients. While every family has their own variation, 5 typically includes a mix of beans, rice, nuts and dried fruits. The key ingredients, however, are glutinous rice (糯米), beans and various grains, cooked 6 the rice thickens. Each ingredient has symbolic significance around the ideas of prosperity and health. For example, red beans symbolize good luck and happiness, 7 glutinous rice signifies family unity. Traditionally, before the Lunar New Year, families gather to prepare Laba porridge together, fostering a sense of unity and 8 (share) traditions, much like how families in the US do with their Thanksgiving meals. It’s about the time you spend together 9 the food you eat. Laba porridge is one of those dishes that hold a special place in Chinese culinary heritage, 10 (combine) history, symbolism and a sense of community. In each steaming bowl of Laba porridge are well-wishes that one family member bestows upon another. 【答案】 1．happens 2．which 3．could 4．more 5．it 6．until 7．while 8．sharing 9．on 10．combining 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国传统美食腊八粥，涵盖其相关的腊八节习俗、食材寓意及文化内涵。 1．考查动词时态。句意：每年农历十二月初八的腊八节，传统上都会供应腊八粥。此处描述腊八节的常规时间，用一般现在时，先行词the Laba Festival是单数，从句谓语用happens。故填happens。 2．考查定语从句。句意：然而，我第一次听到它的名字是在我女儿的保姆给她唱的一首儿歌中，这首歌是这么唱的：“过了腊八就是年”。此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是a nursery rhyme，指物，此处应用关系代词which。故填which。 3．考查情态动词。句意：有整整两天，我以为这是一首能帮助幼儿进行如厕训练的童谣。根据“I thought it was”及空后动词原形help可知，此处应用情态动词could，表示“能够”。故填could。 4．考查副词比较级。句意：传统上，这个节日是佛教徒为了纪念释迦摩尼的启迪而庆祝的，现在这个节日更多的是为了反思、感恩和为即将到来的农历新年庆祝活动做准备。根据Traditionally与now的对比及提示词much可知，此处应用much的比较级more，表示“更多地”。故填more。 5．考查代词。句意：虽然每个家庭都有自己的做法，但它(腊八粥)通常包含豆类、大米、坚果和干果的混合。此处指代前文的Laba porridge，作主语，应用代词it。故填it。 6．考查连词。句意：然而，关键食材是糯米、豆类和各种谷物，煮到米饭变稠为止。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到”，应用连词until引导时间状语从句。故填until。 7．考查连词。句意：例如，红豆象征好运和幸福，而糯米象征家庭团结。此处表对比关系，应用连词while。故填while。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，在农历新年前，家人们会一起准备腊八粥，培养团结感并传承传统。句中已有谓语gather，此处应是非谓语形式。families与share是主谓关系，应用现在分词sharing，作状语。故填sharing。 9．考查介词。句意：它是关于你们在一起吃食物的时间。根据spend time on sth.的固定搭配可知，此处应是介词on。故填on。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：腊八粥是在中国烹饪文化中占有特殊地位的菜肴之一，它融合了历史、象征意义和社区感。句中已有谓语is，此处应是非谓语形式。Laba porridge与combine是主谓关系，应用现在分词combining，作状语。故填combining。 Section B: Vocabulary (15’) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．tricky  B．collapse  C． elevated  D．admittedly  E. marginalized  F. substance G. arguably  H. captured  I. bottom  J. represented  K. present Maradona: An Enduring Legend For a nation prone to frequent grieving over its missed opportunities, crashing from the world’s 10th wealthiest economy per capita in 1913 to the edge of economic and social 11 in the past century, Argentina has produced an astonishing array of instantly recognizable global icons. And there is Diego Maradona, 12 the world’s greatest ever footballer, who transcended the sport to become something much more than a soccer star to millions around the world. Perhaps no image 13 his conflicting essence like the one at the 1994 World Cup. After scoring a wonderful goal against Greece, he raced toward the sideline TV camera, arms pulled back, chest stuck out, mouth open, eyes wide as if he were possessed by the devil. And there also was the "Hand of God," a (an) 14 goal undetected by the referee. Had it taken place in this age of video review, it would have been laughed off and forgotten. Instead, it stands in a historic moment that could belong only to Maradona. To the world’s neglected and 15 , Maradona became a figure of hope, for some almost a god. Such is the power of the Maradona icon that even years after his death, most likely brought on by decades of 16 abuse, his story still feels like an enduring legend. Even today in Argentina, Maradona is everywhere 17 , in people’s hearts, in people’s minds. “I love him,” I have heard people echoing for over decades, long years after he retired from the soccer field. “Do you realize the happiness he brought to us, the poor? You have no idea!” 18 , he was a flawed genius with a chaotic life, yet that only made him more human to his supporters. To countless fans like this, Maradona 19 a signal of rebellion against everything that is unfair in our unequal world. "For the kind of people working their way up from the 20 , the kind of kids who play ball barefoot in the street, Maradona was the ultimate champion for them." 【答案】 11．B 12．G 13．H 14．A 15．E 16．F 17．K 18．D 19．J 20．I 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记类文章。文章主要讲述了阿根廷足球巨星马拉多纳的传奇人生及其对阿根廷人乃至世界弱势群体的深远影响。 11．考查名词。句意：对于一个在过去一个世纪里，从1913年人均财富世界排名第十，跌落到经济和社会崩溃边缘的国家来说，阿根廷涌现出了众多令人一眼就能认出的全球偶像。根据上文“from the world’s 10th wealthiest economy per capita in 1913 to the edge of economic and social”可知，阿根廷从人均财富世界排名第十，跌落到经济和社会崩溃的边缘，collapse“崩溃”符合语境，此处作宾语。故选B。 12．考查副词。句意：还有迭戈·马拉多纳，他可以说是世界上有史以来最伟大的足球运动员，他超越了这项运动，对世界各地的数百万人来说，他不仅仅是一个足球明星。根据空后“the world’s greatest ever footballer”可知，迭戈·马拉多纳可以说是世界上有史以来最伟大的足球运动员，arguably“可论证地，可以说”符合语境，修饰后文整个句子。故选G。 13．考查动词。句意：也许没有哪张照片能像1994年世界杯上的那张照片那样捕捉到他矛盾的本质。根据下文“After scoring a wonderful goal against Greece, he raced toward the sideline TV camera, arms pulled back, chest stuck out, mouth open, eyes wide as if he were possessed by the devil.”可知，此处指没有哪张照片能像1994年世界杯上的那张照片那样捕捉到他矛盾的本质，capture“捕捉”符合语境，此处作谓语，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故选H。 14．考查形容词。句意：还有“上帝之手”，一个裁判没有发现的狡猾的进球。根据上文“Hand of God”以及下文“undetected by the referee”可知，“上帝之手”是一个裁判没有发现的狡猾的进球，tricky“狡猾的”符合语境，修饰后文名词goal。故选A。 15．考查形容词。句意：对于世界上被忽视和被边缘化的人来说，马拉多纳成为了希望的象征，对一些人来说，他几乎是一位神。根据上文“the world’s neglected and”可知，此处与neglected并列，表示“被忽视和被边缘化的人”，marginalized“被边缘化的”符合语境。故选E。 16．考查名词。句意：这就是马拉多纳偶像的力量，即使在他去世（很可能是由于几十年的物质滥用）多年后，他的故事仍然像一个不朽的传说。根据空后“abuse”以及下文“he was a flawed genius with a chaotic life”可知，马拉多纳的生活混乱，很可能是由于几十年的物质滥用，substance“物质”符合语境，substance abuse“物质滥用”（指对药物、酒精或其他有害物质的过度或不当使用，可能导致身体问题）。故选F。 17．考查形容词。句意：即使在今天的阿根廷，马拉多纳也无处不在，在人们的心中，在人们的脑海里。根据下文“in people’s hearts, in people’s minds”可知，马拉多纳在人们的心中，在人们的脑海里，无处不在，present“存在的”符合语境，形容词作表语。故选K。 18．考查副词。句意：诚然，他是一个有缺陷的天才，生活混乱，但对他的支持者来说，这只会让他更人性化。根据下文“he was a flawed genius with a chaotic life, yet that only made him more human to his supporters”可知，此处表示承认马拉多纳是一个有缺陷的天才，生活混乱，但对他的支持者来说，这只会让他更人性化，admittedly“诚然”符合语境，修饰整个句子。故选D。 19．考查动词。句意：对于无数像这样的球迷来说，马拉多纳代表了对我们这个不平等世界中一切不公平事物的反抗信号。根据下文“a signal of rebellion against everything that is unfair in our unequal world”可知，马拉多纳代表了对我们这个不平等世界中一切不公平事物的反抗信号，represent“代表”符合语境，此处作谓语，陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时，故选J。 20．考查名词。句意：“对于那些从底层努力向上爬的人，对于那些在街上赤脚踢球的孩子来说，马拉多纳是他们的终极冠军。”根据上文“working their way up from the”可知，此处指那些从底层努力向上爬的人，bottom“底部、底层”符合语境。故选I。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A: Cloze (15’) In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress, changing how we work, live, and connect. Today, AI is not just a tool for making predictions or assisting humans; it can now act 21 , completing tasks and making decisions. This shift marks the beginning of a “digital labor revolution.” AI agents, powered by machine learning, can generate text, compose music, and design images. These agents can work on their own, 22 with other AI systems, or assist humans. Unlike traditional automation, which replaced simple tasks, AI agents have the potential to perform 23 jobs, increasing productivity across industries. AI-driven automation has the power to transform economies. By taking over repetitive and routine tasks, AI allows workers to focus on creative and 24 activities. This leads to higher efficiency, economic growth, and innovation. In fact, AI-driven productivity increased by 2.2% in the third quarter of 2024. However, the rise of AI also raises 25 . As AI becomes more capable, some fear job losses and increased inequality. Historically, though, technological advancements have created more jobs than they have 26 . In 1950,43 million Americans had jobs; by 2020, that number had risen to 152 million. The key to managing this transition is education — training people to work alongside AI and developing new 27 . AI’s impact goes beyond business. It can be used to expand opportunities for education and career development. For example, the nonprofit organization College Possible uses an AI-powered virtual counselor to 28 students with college applications. This technology helps bridge the gap between students and overworked human counselors, ensuring that more students receive 29 . Similarly, AI is improving the job application process. The Adecco Group, a global human resources company, now uses AI to quickly 30 job seekers with employers. This reduces waiting times and helps more people find 31 employment. The future of AI depends on how we use it. If applied responsibly, AI can improve efficiency, create opportunities, and 32 human potential. Governments, businesses, and researchers must work together to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility, and 33 . Standing at the edge of this new era, we must embrace AI with 34 . Used wisely, AI has the power to boost economic growth, enhance human skills, and drive progress worldwide. The key is to balance innovation with 35 , ensuring that AI serves humanity in the best possible way. 21．A．independently B．passively C．randomly D．temporarily 22．A．argue B．compare C．compete D．cooperate 23．A．boring B．complex C．dangerous D．simple 24．A．physical B．repetitive C．daily D．strategic 25．A．benefits B．concerns C．hopes D．difficulties 26．A．created B．eliminated C．ignored D．lost 27．A．challenges B．industries C．problems D．theories 28．A．assist B．confuse C．discourage D．replace 29．A．criticism B．guidance C．pressure D．rejection 30．A．compare B．compete C．match D．separate 31．A．part-time B．temporary C．stressful D．suitable 32．A．develop B．limit C．ignore D．waste 33．A．competition B．cost C．safety D．speed 34．A．confidence B．doubt C．fear D．hesitation 35．A．profit B．benefit C．responsibility D．tradition 【答案】 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．B 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能的发展、影响及应对策略。 21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如今，人工智能不仅仅是一种预测或辅助人类的工具；它现在可以独立行动，完成任务并做出决策。A. independently独立地；B. passively被动地；C. randomly随机地；D. temporarily暂时地。根据后文“completing tasks and making decisions”可知，人工智能可以独立行动，完成任务并做出决策。故选A。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些代理可以独立工作，与其他人工智能系统合作，或协助人类。A. argue争论；B. compare比较；C. compete竞争；D. cooperate合作。根据后文“with other AI systems”可知，这些代理可以与其他人工智能系统合作。故选D。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与传统的自动化取代简单任务不同，人工智能代理有潜力执行复杂的工作，提高各行业的生产力。A. boring无聊的；B. complex复杂的；C. dangerous危险的；D. simple简单的。根据前文“Unlike traditional automation, which replaced simple tasks”及后文“increasing productivity across industries”可知，人工智能代理有潜力执行复杂的工作，从而提高各行业的生产力。故选B。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过接管重复和例行的工作，人工智能让员工能够专注于创造性和战略性的活动。A. physical身体的；B. repetitive重复的；C. daily日常的；D. strategic战略的。根据上文“focus on creative and”以及后文“This leads to higher efficiency, economic growth, and innovation.”可知，人工智能接管了重复和例行的工作，让员工能够专注于创造性和战略性的活动。故选D。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，人工智能的兴起也引发了担忧。A. benefits利益；B. concerns担忧；C. hopes希望；D. difficulties困难。根据后文“As AI becomes more capable, some fear job losses and increased inequality.”可知，人工智能的兴起也引发了担忧。故选B。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，从历史上看，技术进步创造的就业机会多于消除的就业机会。A. created创造；B. eliminated消除；C. ignored忽视；D. lost丢失。根据上文“technological advancements have created more jobs than they have”可知，技术进步创造的就业机会多于消除的就业机会，eliminated与created对应。故选B。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：管理这一转变的关键是教育——培训人们与人工智能一起工作，并开发新的行业。A. challenges挑战；B. industries行业；C. problems问题；D. theories理论。根据上文“technological advancements have created more jobs”及“training people to work alongside AI”可知，为适配AI时代，需开拓新的就业领域即新行业。故选B。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，非营利组织College Possible使用一个人工智能驱动的虚拟顾问来协助学生申请大学。A. assist协助；B. confuse使困惑；C. discourage使气馁；D. replace代替。根据后文“This technology helps bridge the gap between students and overworked human counselors, ensuring that more students receive  ___9___ .”可知，虚拟顾问的作用是帮助学生。故选A。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术有助于弥合学生与工作过度的人类顾问之间的差距，确保更多的学生得到指导。A. criticism批评；B. guidance指导；C. pressure压力；D. rejection拒绝。根据上文“the nonprofit organization College Possible uses an AI-powered virtual counselor to  ___8___  students with college applications”可知，虚拟顾问协助学生做大学申请，其核心是为学生提供申请相关的指导。故选B。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球人力资源公司德科集团现在使用人工智能快速将求职者与雇主匹配。A. compare比较；B. compete竞争；C. match匹配；D. separate分开。根据后文“job seekers with employers”可知，人力资源公司的核心工作是为求职者和雇主搭建匹配桥梁。故选C。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这减少了等待时间，帮助更多的人找到合适的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. temporary暂时的；C. stressful有压力的；D. suitable合适的。根据上文“This reduces waiting times and helps more people find”及后文“ employment”可知，人工智能帮助更多的人找到合适的工作。故选D。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果负责任地应用，人工智能可以提高效率，创造机会，开发人类潜力。A. develop开发；B. limit限制；C. ignore忽视；D. waste浪费。根据后文“human potential”可知，人工智能可以开发人类潜力。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府、企业和研究人员必须共同努力，确保人工智能的道德发展，促进公平、责任和安全。A. competition竞争；B. cost成本；C. safety安全；D. speed速度。根据上文“to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility”及“However, the rise of AI also raises 5 ”可知，对于利用人工智能，有一定的担忧，故而政府、企业和研究人员必须共同努力，促进公平、责任和安全。故选C。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：站在这个新时代的边缘，我们必须满怀信心地拥抱人工智能。A. confidence信心；B. doubt怀疑；C. fear害怕；D. hesitation犹豫。根据后文“Used wisely, AI has the power to boost economic growth, enhance human skills, and drive progress worldwide.”可知，对待AI应持积极接纳的态度，所以我们必须满怀信心地拥抱人工智能。故选A。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：关键是在创新与责任之间取得平衡，确保人工智能以最佳方式为人类服务。A. profit利润；B. benefit利益；C. responsibility责任；D. tradition传统。根据上文“The key is to balance innovation with”以及“to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility”可知，AI发展需兼顾创新和责任，确保人工智能以最佳方式为人类服务，responsibility为原词复现。故选C。 Section B (30’) In 1969, a ship carrying 90 passengers arrived in Antarctic waters. Since then, Antarctic tourism has increased noticeably. Nowadays, over 35,000 visitors a season came to the Antarctic during summer, with the intention of visiting colonies of penguins. That worries many environmentalists, who fear such quantities of people may be disturbing the penguins. However, a study published in Polar Biology by Maureen Lynch of Stony Brook University brings good news for penguins, tourists and tour-operators alike – for the tourists’ visits are not stressing the birds at all. The conventional way of deciding whether visits by tourists are stressful to the animals is to recruit a bunch of PhD students to observe those animals and make a number of behavioral observations when tourists are and are not present. This is difficult and expensive, for even PhD students need to be housed and fed. Another choice is to sample the animals’ blood and analyze it for stress hormones. The problem with this is that catching animals to measure their hormone levels is stressful. There is, however, a third way, which is to look for stress hormones in animals’ droppings (排泄物). Dr. Lynch knew from previous work by her partner that some stress hormones show up in penguin wastes, and that hormone concentrations in droppings went up shortly after animals were approached by human beings, and then returned to normal later. With that in mind, she decided to compare droppings from penguin colonies visited by lots of tourists with those less visited. As the researchers expected, all collected samples contained related stress hormones. Contrary to their expectations, however, there were no significant differences between samples from different sites, regardless of the number of visitors those sites played host to. It seems, then, either that penguins do not worry about human visitors in the first place, or that they quickly get used to them. What is more, Dr. Lynch’s method provides an easy way to monitor the situation. If a growing number of tourists put the birds under stress, it will be possible to advise tour operators to consider their business at less-visited colonies. 36．What do we know about Antarctic tourism? A．It enjoyed popularity in 1969. B．It attracts visitors in all the year round. C．It allows people to see penguins. D．It had disturbed the penguins. 37．The problem of the conventional method lies in ________. A．the difficulty in recruiting PhD students B．high costs required in the Antarctic C．comparison of penguins’ behaviors D．the huge trouble of catching animals 38．What did Dr. Lynch’s partner find about penguin waste? A．It contained certain stress hormones. B．It had high level of stress hormones. C．Its hormone level was unstable. D．Its hormones were at normal levels. 39．What can we learn from the analysis of the collected samples? A．Penguins are afraid of visitors. B．Penguins are used to visitors. C．Penguins are hardly stressed by tourists. D．Penguins are always under great stress. 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．A 39．C 【导语】本文是说明文。南极观光游客增多，人们担心游客影响企鹅的生活，文章介绍了传统的检验方式以及这些方式的短板，提到一种新的验证方式，检验显示企鹅几乎没有受到游客影响。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Nowadays, over 35,000 visitors a season came to the Antarctic during summer, with the intention of visiting colonies of penguins.( 如今，夏季一季有超过35000名游客来到南极，目的是参观企鹅群。)”可知，南极旅游可以让人们看到企鹅。故选C。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段的“This is difficult and expensive, for even PhD students need to be housed and fed.( 这是困难和昂贵的，因为即使是博士生也需要吃住。)”可知，传统的方式的问题是在南极地区的高成本。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Dr. Lynch knew from previous work by her partner that some stress hormones show up in penguin wastes, and that hormone concentrations in droppings went up shortly after animals were approached by human beings, and then returned to normal later.( 林奇博士从她伙伴之前的工作中知道，企鹅排泄物中会出现一些应激激素，人类接近动物后不久，粪便中的激素浓度就会上升，然后又恢复正常。)”可知，林奇博士的伙伴发现企鹅的排泄物中包含某种应激荷尔蒙。故选A。 39．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Contrary to their expectations, however, there were no significant differences between samples from different sites, regardless of the number of visitors those sites played host to. It seems, then, either that penguins do not worry about human visitors in the first place, or that they quickly get used to them.(然而，与他们的预期相反，来自不同站点的样本之间没有显著差异，而不管这些站点所接待的访问者数量如何。因此，要么企鹅一开始就不担心人类游客，要么它们很快就习惯了它们)”可推断，从收集的样本可知，企鹅几乎没有受到来自游客的压力。故选C。 What is the serial or Oxford comma? The serial, also called the Oxford comma, is used before the concluding conjunction (and, or) that marks the final item in a list of three or more items. It appears after the second-last element in a series. EXAMPLE: We had cats, dogs, and horses on the farm. EXAMPLE: Would you like tea, coffee, or sparkling water? When to use Using the serial comma is optional, except when not using it would result in confusion. ✘Confusing: My favorite people are my sisters, Lady Gaga and Beyoncé. Unless your sisters are the two famous singers, use a serial comma. ✔Better: My favorite people are my sisters, Lady Gaga, and Beyoncé. ! CAUTIONBe careful to place the comma correctly. It doesn't always go before the final and. EXAMPLE: Paul ordered milk, toast, and eggs and bread. The final item is “eggs and bread,” so the comma goes before it. Differences in academic, creative, and news writing ●In academic and other formal writing, where it is important to convey exact meaning, the serial comma is generally preferred. ●In news copy, where space is precious, the serial comma is generally omitted. ●In creative writing, where rhythm and cadence are more important, the serial comma is often omitted (though some writers may prefer it, and that is perfectly fine as long as it is used consistently). ✔For ✘Against (or flexible) AMA (American Medical Association): “Use a comma before the conjunction that precedes the last term in a series.” APA (American Psychological Association): “Use a comma between elements (including before and and or) in a series of three or more items.” Oxford University Press: “Given that the final comma is sometimes necessary to prevent ambiguity, it is logical to impose it uniformly.” AP (Associated Press): “Use commas to separate elements in a series, but do not put a comma before the conjunction in a simple series.” Cambridge University Press: “In British practice there's an Oxford/ Cambridge divide[with Oxford in favor and Cambridge against].” The Guardian: “Straightforward [lists]… do not need [an Oxford comma], but sometimes it can help the reader.” 40．Which of the following statements is true about the Oxford comma? A．The serial comma is before the last “and” in a sentence. B．There's no strict rule for the use of serial comma in poems. C．Mainstream press companies are against the use of the Oxford comma. D．Academic writing uses the Oxford comma to keep the text short. 41．Which of the following statements is correct according to the article? A．This sentence is grammatically correct: She’s funny, caring and smart. B．This sentence is clear and correct: The girl at e some broccoli, peas, and bread, and butter. C．This sentence contains an Oxford comma: She loves the shells, the waves, the sunshine and the shoreline. D．This sentence clearly conveys that your parents are a doctor and a teacher: My parents, a doctor, and a teacher, inspired me to become a writer. 42．If you were an editor, which of the following sentences would you consider stylistically correct? A．Sentence: Every Friday, be the first to see reviews, news, and features.  Source: The New York Times B．Sentence: The rucksack didn’t contain any significant clues: just some bread, a bottle of Fanta, a bottle of water and a pair of trainers.  Source: “The Mystery of the Man Who Fell from the Sky,” The Guardian (April 15,2021) C．Sentence: Bacteria play a major role in bodily functions, including immunity, digestion and protection against disease.  Source: from an article in Clinical Microbiology Reviews D．Sentence: She represents love, beauty, purity, the ideal female and the moon. She’s the mystère of love, perpetual help, goodwill, health, beauty, and fortune.  Source: On Beauty (2005) by novelist Zadie Smith 【答案】40．B 41．A 42．A 【导语】这篇文章属于知识讲解类说明文，旨在清晰阐释牛津逗号这一标点符号的相关知识，包括其定义、用法场景、在不同写作领域的使用差异以及各权威机构对其态度，帮助读者全面了解牛津逗号。 40．推理判断题。根据Differences in academic, creative, and news writing部分中“●In creative writing, where rhythm and cadence are more important, the serial comma is often omitted (though some writers may prefer it, and that is perfectly fine as long as it is used consistently). (在创意写作中，节奏和韵律更为重要，序列逗号通常被省略（尽管有些作家可能更喜欢使用它，只要使用一致就完全没问题）。)”以及结合选项可知，诗歌属于创意写作，由此可推断在诗歌中序列逗号（牛津逗号）的使用没有严格规定。故选B项。 41．细节理解题。根据When to use中“Using the serial comma is optional, except when not using it would result in confusion. (使用序列逗号是可选的，除非不使用会导致混淆。)”可知，“She’s funny, caring and smart.” 此句表达清晰，不使用牛津逗号也不会造成混淆，语法正确。故选A项。 42．推理判断题。根据Differences in academic, creative, and news writing部分中“●In news copy, where space is precious, the serial comma is generally omitted. (在新闻稿件中，由于空间宝贵，通常省略序列逗号。)”以及结合选项可知，《纽约时报》属于新闻媒体，“Every Friday, be the first to see reviews, news, and features.” 省略了牛津逗号，符合新闻写作风格。故选A项。 In the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements. Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液).This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵). After weeks of fermentation, Brand boiled the urine down to a thick, sticky substance. He then mixed this paste with sand and heated the mixture to an extreme temperature. What emerged from this process was a substance that was entirely new to the world of science — a white solid that shone with a soft light in the dark. Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus”, originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious. The implications of Brand’s discovery were far-reaching. Phosphorus was not only a novelty but also a substance with practical applications. It would later become an essential component in the production of matches,fertilizers, and various chemicals. Hennig Brand’s accidental discovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment. 43．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The fall of ancient alchemists and the rise of modern chemists. B．The accidental discovery of phosphorus and its scientific impact. C．The importance of human urine in scientific experiments. D．How to turn base metals into gold through magic. 44．What was Hennig Brand’s initial goal when he started his experiments? A．To turn human urine into gold. B．To discover something new. C．To produce a glowing substance (物质). D．To reform modern chemistry. 45．The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to . A．statement B．trouble C．pattern D．foundation 46．What can be inferred about Hennig Brand from the passage? A．He was a funny chemist who followed scientific methods. B．He was a debatable scientist who predicted the future of chemistry. C．He was a curious individual willing to explore untraditional ideas. D．He was a wealthy man with a deep understanding of chemistry. 【答案】43．B 44．A 45．D 46．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了德国商人Hennig Brand在1669年意外发现磷的故事，以及这一发现对科学和化学领域的重要影响。文章强调了好奇心和偶然发现对科学发展的重要推动作用。 43．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Hennig Brand’s accidental discovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. (1669年，亨宁·布兰德意外发现了磷，这不仅仅是一个新元素的发现；它标志着魔法化学时代的结束和现代化学的开始。)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述了Hennig Brand意外发现磷的过程及其对科学和化学领域的影响。故选B。 44．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements. (布兰德受到古老炼金术士将普通金属神奇地转化为黄金的梦想的驱使，进行了一系列实验，这些实验将永远改变我们对元素的理解。)”和第二段中“Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液).(布兰德的旅程始于一个假设，即创造“黄金”的关键存在于人类的尿液中)”可知，Hennig Brand最初的目标是将尿液转化为黄金。故选A。 45．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment. (布兰德发现的磷，曾经被视为一种致富手段，最终成为了科学领域的一块cornerstone，清楚地展示了好奇心的力量以及偶然发现能够带来启示的意外路径。)”可知，磷的发现导致了其它的一系列的科学探索发现，这说明cornerstone在这里表示“基石”或“基础”，与foundation同义。故选D。 46．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液).This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. (布兰德的探索始于一个假设：认为创造“黄金”的关键在于人类的尿液。这个看似奇怪的想法源于一个观察结果，即尿液与这种贵金属有着相似的黄色。)”可知，Hennig Brand是一个充满好奇心的人，他愿意探索非传统甚至有些奇怪的想法，例如从尿液中提取黄金。这种好奇心最终导致了磷的发现。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How to Become a Scientist Here is some advice for students who think they might like to become scientists. Become an observer. One of the most important things you can do to become a good scientist is to practice watching everything carefully. Find a comfortable chair and put it in the middle of your garden or a park. Sit in the chair for thirty minutes or an hour. Watch the insects that fly past or land on the plants. Look at the shapes of leaves and branches. Listen to the sounds of insects. 47 Use a microscope to look closely at interesting objects. Learn everything you can about a topic that interests you. Suppose you’d like to explore flowers by using a microscope. Go to the library and check out some flower books. See what you can find on the Internet. Pick some flowers and carefully take them apart. 48 The more you know about flowers from reading about them and observing them, the more you’ll understand when you look at them with a microscope. Ask for help from a knowledgeable person. After you’ve learned everything you can on your own, ask someone else to help with questions you still have. Maybe there’s someone at a nearby school or museum who knows about insects, spiders, or something else you’d like to learn about. 49 Find a scientist to talk to or find a place where scientific research is being done. If you still want to learn more, you can find a scientist to talk to at a nearby university, or research station. 50 Explain what you’re interested in. Ask if you can schedule a time to visit. Most scientists are happy to talk to students who share their passion for science. A．You may go to seek answers from him. B．Write a letter or an e-mail message to the scientist. C．Research your questions using the Internet or library. D．See if you can find a sight or sound that surprises you. E．Use a microscope to see how everything fits together. F．Being a scientist is time-consuming and mentally demanding. 【答案】47．D 48．E 49．A 50．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要为想成为科学家的学生提出了几点建议。 47．上文“Look at the shapes of leaves and branches. Listen to the sounds of insects.”（看树叶和树枝的形状。听听昆虫的声音。）建议看看树叶的形状，听听昆虫发出的声音；下文“Use a microscope to look closely at interesting objects.”（使用显微镜仔细观察有趣的物体。）指出用显微镜近距离观察这些有趣的事物。D项See if you can find a sight or sound that surprises you.（看看你是否能找到一个让你惊讶的景象或声音。）符合语境，起到承上启下的作用，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 48．上文“Pick some flowers and carefully take them apart.”（摘一些花，小心地把它们拆开。）提到摘一些花并小心地把花分开。以及下文“The more you know about flowers from reading about them and observing them, the more you’ll understand when you look at them with a microscope.”（你通过阅读和观察对花了解得越多，当你用显微镜观察它们时，你就会了解得越多。）说明当你用显微镜观察它们时，你就会了解得越多。E项Use a microscope to see how everything fits together.（用显微镜看看这些东西是如何组合在一起的。）承上启下，下文进一步具体解释此行为。上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选E项。 49．根据上文“Maybe there’s someone at a nearby school or museum who knows about insects, spiders, or something else you’d like to learn about.”（也许附近的学校或博物馆里有人了解昆虫、蜘蛛或其他你想了解的东西。）可知，在附近的学校和博物馆里会有一些知识广博的人，结合该段第一句“Ask for help from a knowledgeable person.”（向有知识的人寻求帮助。）可知，向这些人咨询你会得到答案。A项You may go to seek answers from him.（你可以去问他答案。）符合此推断，与该段主旨一致，上下文紧密连接。故选A项。 50．上文“If you still want to learn more, you can find a scientist to talk to at a nearby university, or research station.”（如果你还想了解更多，你可以在附近的大学或研究站找一位科学家谈谈。）提到找一位科学家交流。下文“Explain what you’re interested in. Ask if you can schedule a time to visit. Most scientists are happy to talk to students who share their passion for science”（说明你对什么感兴趣。询问你是否可以安排一个时间去拜访。大多数科学家都乐于与对科学有同样热情的学生交谈。）指出向他们说明你感兴趣的事，问他们你是否可以拜访他们。B项Write a letter or an e-mail message to the scientist.（给科学家写一封信或电子邮件。）符合语境，通过写信或发电子邮件联系科学家，询问是否可以亲自拜访，scientist是关键词。故选B项。 V. Summary writing (10’) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of siblings(兄弟姐妹) It’s common knowledge that the family a child grows up in has a huge influence on the child’s attitudes, beliefs and mental health. People usually think that the child’s parents are responsible for this influence, but relationships with brothers and sisters are just as important. Siblings provide children with a unique opportunity to practice interacting with their peers, rather than authority figures. Although friendships can have similar effects, relationships with siblings offer some unique advantages. During childhood, siblings see each other every day and spend more time with each other than with anyone else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. Siblings are also forced to persevere in their relationships with each other even if they have a falling out. This forces children to practice conflict resolution skills since they cannot leave the familial relationship, as they could with a friend. But a sibling relationship also offers a safe place to discuss difficult topics without fear of abandonment. Moreover, older siblings often teach their younger brothers and sisters about life. They can convey useful skills and advice, but they can also set bad examples, leading their younger siblings to do things that are wrong or foolish. Once children grow up, they do not see their siblings as often as before since they usually no longer live together. Maintaining sibling relationships now takes work, and if siblings do not get along, they can avoid each other. But many sibling relationships improve in young adulthood as the siblings mature. Sometimes the distance helps siblings enjoy each other’s company when they do meet. Relationships between siblings vary depending on the ages and personalities of the children involved. Even the best sibling relationships involve some disagreements, but a strong relationship can survive such conflicts. Considering the role of siblings throughout our lives, it’s critical to take the time to cultivate positive relationships with siblings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Growing up with siblings promotes the ability to get along with peers. Siblings shape each other. In childhood, they share life under the same safe roof, acquiring conflict-handling skills together, with older siblings often guiding. Adult siblings meet less, but relationships often improve. Sibling relationships are diverse, and it's important to develop a positive one. (55 words) 【导语】这是一篇说明文。和兄弟姐妹一起长大可以提高与同龄人相处的能力。兄弟姐妹互相影响。在童年时期，他们在同一个安全的屋檐下生活，一起学习处理冲突的技能，通常由哥哥姐姐指导。成年兄弟姐妹见面较少，但关系往往会改善。兄弟姐妹的关系是多种多样的，发展积极的关系很重要。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Siblings provide children with a unique opportunity to practice interacting with their peers, rather than authority figures. ②During childhood, siblings see each other every day and spend more time with each other than with anyone else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. ③Siblings are also forced to persevere in their relationships with each other even if they have a falling out. This forces children to practice conflict resolution skills since they cannot leave the familial relationship, as they could with a friend. But a sibling relationship also offers a safe place to discuss difficult topics without fear of abandonment. Moreover, older siblings often teach their younger brothers and sisters about life. They can convey useful skills and advice, but they can also set bad examples, leading their younger siblings to do things that are wrong or foolish. ④Once children grow up, they do not see their siblings as often as before since they usually no longer live together. Maintaining sibling relationships now takes work, and if siblings do not get along, they can avoid each other. But many sibling relationships improve in young adulthood as the siblings mature. ⑤Relationships between siblings vary depending on the ages and personalities of the children involved ⑥Considering the role of siblings throughout our lives, it’s critical to take the time to cultivate positive relationships with siblings. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、要点进行分说，5、6进行总结 3.遣词造句 Growing up with siblings promotes the ability to get along with peers. Siblings shape each other. In childhood, they share life under the same safe roof, acquiring conflict-handling skills together, with older siblings often guiding. Adult siblings meet less, but relationships often improve. Sibling relationships are diverse, and it's important to develop a positive one 【点睛】[高分句型1] In childhood, they share life under the same safe roof, acquiring conflict-handling skills together, with older siblings often guiding.（运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] Sibling relationships are diverse, and it’s important to develop a positive one.（运用了it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） VI. Translation. (3’+3’+4’+5’) 52．那些有相同爱好的人更有可能成为好朋友。(identical)(汉译英) 【答案】Those who have identical hobbies are more likely to become good friends. 【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。be likely to 有可能……；good friends成为好朋友。句中先行词为Those，代指“那些人”，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为Those who have identical hobbies are more likely to become good friends. 53．作者巧妙地将生动的描写与激动人心的情节相结合，使得他的小说让人爱不释手。 (couple) (汉译英) 【答案】The writer skillfully couples vivid descriptions with thrilling plots, making his novels hard to put down. 【详解】考查动词、固定短语、时态。“巧妙地”用副词 skillfully；“将…… 与…… 相结合”，根据所给词couple，可构成短语为 couple...with... ，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，又因主语为单数第三人称，谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式；“生动的描写”是 vivid descriptions ；“激动人心的情节”是 thrilling plots ；“使得……”可使用“make+宾语+宾补”结构，在句中作结果状语，用现在分词形式；“让人爱不释手”表达为 hard to put down ，故翻译为 The writer skillfully couples vivid descriptions with thrilling plots, making his novels hard to put down. 54．在一个电子阅读器盛行的时代，我还是更喜欢纸质书，它能使我置身于书香之中。 (surround) (汉译英) 【答案】In an era when all kinds of e-reading gadgets take over, I still prefer paper books, which surround me with a variety of a sea of books. 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，表示“在一个时代”应用in an era；表示“电子阅读器盛行”应用when all kinds of e-reading gadgets take over，when引导定语从句，修饰先行词era，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语；表示“我”应用I；表示“还是”应用still；表示“更喜欢”应用prefer；表示“纸质书”应用paper books；表示“它能使我置身于书香之中”应用which surround me with a variety of a sea of books，此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词paper books，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故翻译成：In an era when all kinds of e-reading gadgets take over, I still prefer paper books, which surround me with a variety of a sea of books.。 55．得益于科技的迅猛发展，在线学习越来越受欢迎，学生们得以订阅那些由全球知名教授授课的教育平台，进而拓宽自身的知识视野。 (thanks to) (汉译英) 【答案】Thanks to the rapid development of technology, online learning is becoming increasingly popular. Students are able to subscribe to educational platforms that/which offer courses taught by renowned professors from around the world, thereby broadening their knowledge horizons. 【详解】考查固定短语、时态、非谓语动词。表示“幸亏，归因于”用固定短语thanks to，句首单词首字母大写。表示“科技的迅猛发展”用the rapid development of technology，作Thanks to的宾语。表示“在线学习”用online learning，作主语。表示“变得”用become，描述正在发生的事情，时态用现在进行时，谓语用is becoming；表示“越来越受欢迎”用increasingly popular。表示“使某人能够做某事”用enable sb. to do sth.，用现在分词enabling，作状语。表示“学生们”用students，作enabling的宾语。表示“订阅”用固定短语subscribe to，用不定式，作宾补。表示“教育平台”用educational platforms，作subscribe to的宾语。表示“由全球知名教授授课的”即“提供由世界各地著名教授教授的课程”，用that引导的定语从句。定语从句中：先行词是platforms，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导；表示“提供”用offer，作谓语；表示“课程”用course的复数，作offer的宾语；表示“教”用teach，与courses为被动关系，用过去分词，作后置定语；由by引出发出动作者；表示“来自世界各地的著名教授”renowned professors from around the world。表示“从而，由此”用thereby。表示“拓宽自身的知识视野”用broaden their knowledge horizons，用现在分词，作状语。故翻译为Thanks to the rapid development of technology, online learning is becoming increasingly popular. Students are able to subscribe to educational platforms that/which offer courses taught by renowned professors from around the world, thereby broadening their knowledge horizons. VII. Guided writing (25’) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 10-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. “Tourism will destroy the environment.” 你是否赞同这一观点，并说明原因。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I do not agree that “Tourism will destroy the environment.” When managed properly, tourism can bring positive impacts to the environment. It can promote the preservation of natural and cultural sites, as these become attractions for tourists. Additionally, tourism can create jobs and economic opportunities, encouraging local communities to protect their environment for future benefits. However, it’s crucial to implement sustainable tourism practices to minimize negative impacts, such as pollution and overcrowding. With responsible management, tourism can coexist harmoniously with the environment. 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇开放性作文。要求考生就“旅游业将会破坏环境”表明自己的观点并说明原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 同意：agree→approve 影响：impact→influence 此外：additionally→what’s more 鼓励：encourage→inspire 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Additionally, tourism can create jobs and economic opportunities, encouraging local communities to protect their environment for future benefits.   拓展句：Additionally, tourism can create jobs and economic opportunities, which encourages local communities to protect their environment for future benefits. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I do not agree that “Tourism will destroy the environment.”（运用了that引导宾语从句） [高分句型2] It can promote the preservation of natural and cultural sites, as these become attractions for tourists.（运用了as引导原因状语从句） 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二上学期期末模拟卷01 英 语·参考答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A: Grammar (15’) 【答案】 1．happens 2．which 3．could 4．more 5．it 6．until 7．while 8．sharing 9．on 10．combining Section B: Vocabulary (15’) 【答案】 11．B 12．G 13．H 14．A 15．E 16．F 17．K 18．D 19．J 20．I III. Reading Comprehension Section A: Cloze (15’) 【答案】 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．B 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．C Section B (30’) 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．A 39．C 【答案】40．B 41．A 42．A 【答案】43．B 44．A 45．D 46．C Section C 【答案】47．D 48．E 49．A 50．B V. Summary writing (10’) 【答案】Growing up with siblings promotes the ability to get along with peers. Siblings shape each other. In childhood, they share life under the same safe roof, acquiring conflict-handling skills together, with older siblings often guiding. Adult siblings meet less, but relationships often improve. Sibling relationships are diverse, and it's important to develop a positive one. (55 words) VI. Translation. (3’+3’+4’+5’) 52．【答案】Those who have identical hobbies are more likely to become good friends. 53．【答案】The writer skillfully couples vivid descriptions with thrilling plots, making his novels hard to put down. 54．【答案】In an era when all kinds of e-reading gadgets take over, I still prefer paper books, which surround me with a variety of a sea of books. 55．【答案】Thanks to the rapid development of technology, online learning is becoming increasingly popular. Students are able to subscribe to educational platforms that/which offer courses taught by renowned professors from around the world, thereby broadening their knowledge horizons. VII. Guided writing (25’) 【答案】I do not agree that “Tourism will destroy the environment.” When managed properly, tourism can bring positive impacts to the environment. It can promote the preservation of natural and cultural sites, as these become attractions for tourists. Additionally, tourism can create jobs and economic opportunities, encouraging local communities to protect their environment for future benefits. However, it’s crucial to implement sustainable tourism practices to minimize negative impacts, such as pollution and overcrowding. With responsible management, tourism can coexist harmoniously with the environment. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年高二上学期期末模拟卷01 英 语 （考试时间：100分钟；试卷总分：125分） 注意事项： 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项： 1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡上指定的位置。 2.答案必须按要求填涂、书写在答题卡上，在试卷、草稿纸上答题一律无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A: Grammar (15’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank. There’s a type of porridge (粥) in China that’s filled with tradition and celebrated for its delicious taste. Unfortunately, to my mind, it also has a funny name. Every year during the Laba Festival, which 1 (happen) on the eighth day of the 12th lunar month, Laba porridge is the food traditionally served. However, the first time I heard its name was in a nursery rhyme my daughter’s nanny sang to her, 2 goes: “after Laba is the Lunar New Year” to her. But thanks to my bad Chinese and her heavy accent, I instead heard Laba in different tones that changed the meaning to “poop (粪便)”. For a good two days I thought it was a nursery rhyme which, 3 help toddlers (幼儿) with potty (如厕) training. I was very wrong. The Laba Festival arrives before Lunar New Year. Traditionally observed by Buddhists to honor the enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautama, the festival is now 4 (much) of a time for reflection, gratitude and preparing for the upcoming Lunar New Year festivities. Laba porridge is delicious and beautiful. Its heartiness lies in its array of ingredients. While every family has their own variation, 5 typically includes a mix of beans, rice, nuts and dried fruits. The key ingredients, however, are glutinous rice (糯米), beans and various grains, cooked 6 the rice thickens. Each ingredient has symbolic significance around the ideas of prosperity and health. For example, red beans symbolize good luck and happiness, 7 glutinous rice signifies family unity. Traditionally, before the Lunar New Year, families gather to prepare Laba porridge together, fostering a sense of unity and 8 (share) traditions, much like how families in the US do with their Thanksgiving meals. It’s about the time you spend together 9 the food you eat. Laba porridge is one of those dishes that hold a special place in Chinese culinary heritage, 10 (combine) history, symbolism and a sense of community. In each steaming bowl of Laba porridge are well-wishes that one family member bestows upon another. Section B: Vocabulary (15’) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．tricky  B．collapse  C． elevated  D．admittedly  E. marginalized  F. substance G. arguably  H. captured  I. bottom  J. represented  K. present Maradona: An Enduring Legend For a nation prone to frequent grieving over its missed opportunities, crashing from the world’s 10th wealthiest economy per capita in 1913 to the edge of economic and social 11 in the past century, Argentina has produced an astonishing array of instantly recognizable global icons. And there is Diego Maradona, 12 the world’s greatest ever footballer, who transcended the sport to become something much more than a soccer star to millions around the world. Perhaps no image 13 his conflicting essence like the one at the 1994 World Cup. After scoring a wonderful goal against Greece, he raced toward the sideline TV camera, arms pulled back, chest stuck out, mouth open, eyes wide as if he were possessed by the devil. And there also was the "Hand of God," a (an) 14 goal undetected by the referee. Had it taken place in this age of video review, it would have been laughed off and forgotten. Instead, it stands in a historic moment that could belong only to Maradona. To the world’s neglected and 15 , Maradona became a figure of hope, for some almost a god. Such is the power of the Maradona icon that even years after his death, most likely brought on by decades of 16 abuse, his story still feels like an enduring legend. Even today in Argentina, Maradona is everywhere 17 , in people’s hearts, in people’s minds. “I love him,” I have heard people echoing for over decades, long years after he retired from the soccer field. “Do you realize the happiness he brought to us, the poor? You have no idea!” 18 , he was a flawed genius with a chaotic life, yet that only made him more human to his supporters. To countless fans like this, Maradona 19 a signal of rebellion against everything that is unfair in our unequal world. "For the kind of people working their way up from the 20 , the kind of kids who play ball barefoot in the street, Maradona was the ultimate champion for them." III. Reading Comprehension Section A: Cloze (15’) In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress, changing how we work, live, and connect. Today, AI is not just a tool for making predictions or assisting humans; it can now act 21 , completing tasks and making decisions. This shift marks the beginning of a “digital labor revolution.” AI agents, powered by machine learning, can generate text, compose music, and design images. These agents can work on their own, 22 with other AI systems, or assist humans. Unlike traditional automation, which replaced simple tasks, AI agents have the potential to perform 23 jobs, increasing productivity across industries. AI-driven automation has the power to transform economies. By taking over repetitive and routine tasks, AI allows workers to focus on creative and 24 activities. This leads to higher efficiency, economic growth, and innovation. In fact, AI-driven productivity increased by 2.2% in the third quarter of 2024. However, the rise of AI also raises 25 . As AI becomes more capable, some fear job losses and increased inequality. Historically, though, technological advancements have created more jobs than they have 26 . In 1950,43 million Americans had jobs; by 2020, that number had risen to 152 million. The key to managing this transition is education — training people to work alongside AI and developing new 27 . AI’s impact goes beyond business. It can be used to expand opportunities for education and career development. For example, the nonprofit organization College Possible uses an AI-powered virtual counselor to 28 students with college applications. This technology helps bridge the gap between students and overworked human counselors, ensuring that more students receive 29 . Similarly, AI is improving the job application process. The Adecco Group, a global human resources company, now uses AI to quickly 30 job seekers with employers. This reduces waiting times and helps more people find 31 employment. The future of AI depends on how we use it. If applied responsibly, AI can improve efficiency, create opportunities, and 32 human potential. Governments, businesses, and researchers must work together to ensure AI’s moral development, promoting fairness, responsibility, and 33 . Standing at the edge of this new era, we must embrace AI with 34 . Used wisely, AI has the power to boost economic growth, enhance human skills, and drive progress worldwide. The key is to balance innovation with 35 , ensuring that AI serves humanity in the best possible way. 21．A．independently B．passively C．randomly D．temporarily 22．A．argue B．compare C．compete D．cooperate 23．A．boring B．complex C．dangerous D．simple 24．A．physical B．repetitive C．daily D．strategic 25．A．benefits B．concerns C．hopes D．difficulties 26．A．created B．eliminated C．ignored D．lost 27．A．challenges B．industries C．problems D．theories 28．A．assist B．confuse C．discourage D．replace 29．A．criticism B．guidance C．pressure D．rejection 30．A．compare B．compete C．match D．separate 31．A．part-time B．temporary C．stressful D．suitable 32．A．develop B．limit C．ignore D．waste 33．A．competition B．cost C．safety D．speed 34．A．confidence B．doubt C．fear D．hesitation 35．A．profit B．benefit C．responsibility D．tradition Section B (30’) In 1969, a ship carrying 90 passengers arrived in Antarctic waters. Since then, Antarctic tourism has increased noticeably. Nowadays, over 35,000 visitors a season came to the Antarctic during summer, with the intention of visiting colonies of penguins. That worries many environmentalists, who fear such quantities of people may be disturbing the penguins. However, a study published in Polar Biology by Maureen Lynch of Stony Brook University brings good news for penguins, tourists and tour-operators alike – for the tourists’ visits are not stressing the birds at all. The conventional way of deciding whether visits by tourists are stressful to the animals is to recruit a bunch of PhD students to observe those animals and make a number of behavioral observations when tourists are and are not present. This is difficult and expensive, for even PhD students need to be housed and fed. Another choice is to sample the animals’ blood and analyze it for stress hormones. The problem with this is that catching animals to measure their hormone levels is stressful. There is, however, a third way, which is to look for stress hormones in animals’ droppings (排泄物). Dr. Lynch knew from previous work by her partner that some stress hormones show up in penguin wastes, and that hormone concentrations in droppings went up shortly after animals were approached by human beings, and then returned to normal later. With that in mind, she decided to compare droppings from penguin colonies visited by lots of tourists with those less visited. As the researchers expected, all collected samples contained related stress hormones. Contrary to their expectations, however, there were no significant differences between samples from different sites, regardless of the number of visitors those sites played host to. It seems, then, either that penguins do not worry about human visitors in the first place, or that they quickly get used to them. What is more, Dr. Lynch’s method provides an easy way to monitor the situation. If a growing number of tourists put the birds under stress, it will be possible to advise tour operators to consider their business at less-visited colonies. 36．What do we know about Antarctic tourism? A．It enjoyed popularity in 1969. B．It attracts visitors in all the year round. C．It allows people to see penguins. D．It had disturbed the penguins. 37．The problem of the conventional method lies in ________. A．the difficulty in recruiting PhD students B．high costs required in the Antarctic C．comparison of penguins’ behaviors D．the huge trouble of catching animals 38．What did Dr. Lynch’s partner find about penguin waste? A．It contained certain stress hormones. B．It had high level of stress hormones. C．Its hormone level was unstable. D．Its hormones were at normal levels. 39．What can we learn from the analysis of the collected samples? A．Penguins are afraid of visitors. B．Penguins are used to visitors. C．Penguins are hardly stressed by tourists. D．Penguins are always under great stress. What is the serial or Oxford comma? The serial, also called the Oxford comma, is used before the concluding conjunction (and, or) that marks the final item in a list of three or more items. It appears after the second-last element in a series. EXAMPLE: We had cats, dogs, and horses on the farm. EXAMPLE: Would you like tea, coffee, or sparkling water? When to use Using the serial comma is optional, except when not using it would result in confusion. ✘Confusing: My favorite people are my sisters, Lady Gaga and Beyoncé. Unless your sisters are the two famous singers, use a serial comma. ✔Better: My favorite people are my sisters, Lady Gaga, and Beyoncé. ! CAUTIONBe careful to place the comma correctly. It doesn't always go before the final and. EXAMPLE: Paul ordered milk, toast, and eggs and bread. The final item is “eggs and bread,” so the comma goes before it. Differences in academic, creative, and news writing ●In academic and other formal writing, where it is important to convey exact meaning, the serial comma is generally preferred. ●In news copy, where space is precious, the serial comma is generally omitted. ●In creative writing, where rhythm and cadence are more important, the serial comma is often omitted (though some writers may prefer it, and that is perfectly fine as long as it is used consistently). ✔For ✘Against (or flexible) AMA (American Medical Association): “Use a comma before the conjunction that precedes the last term in a series.” APA (American Psychological Association): “Use a comma between elements (including before and and or) in a series of three or more items.” Oxford University Press: “Given that the final comma is sometimes necessary to prevent ambiguity, it is logical to impose it uniformly.” AP (Associated Press): “Use commas to separate elements in a series, but do not put a comma before the conjunction in a simple series.” Cambridge University Press: “In British practice there's an Oxford/ Cambridge divide[with Oxford in favor and Cambridge against].” The Guardian: “Straightforward [lists]… do not need [an Oxford comma], but sometimes it can help the reader.” 40．Which of the following statements is true about the Oxford comma? A．The serial comma is before the last “and” in a sentence. B．There's no strict rule for the use of serial comma in poems. C．Mainstream press companies are against the use of the Oxford comma. D．Academic writing uses the Oxford comma to keep the text short. 41．Which of the following statements is correct according to the article? A．This sentence is grammatically correct: She’s funny, caring and smart. B．This sentence is clear and correct: The girl at e some broccoli, peas, and bread, and butter. C．This sentence contains an Oxford comma: She loves the shells, the waves, the sunshine and the shoreline. D．This sentence clearly conveys that your parents are a doctor and a teacher: My parents, a doctor, and a teacher, inspired me to become a writer. 42．If you were an editor, which of the following sentences would you consider stylistically correct? A．Sentence: Every Friday, be the first to see reviews, news, and features.  Source: The New York Times B．Sentence: The rucksack didn’t contain any significant clues: just some bread, a bottle of Fanta, a bottle of water and a pair of trainers.  Source: “The Mystery of the Man Who Fell from the Sky,” The Guardian (April 15,2021) C．Sentence: Bacteria play a major role in bodily functions, including immunity, digestion and protection against disease.  Source: from an article in Clinical Microbiology Reviews D．Sentence: She represents love, beauty, purity, the ideal female and the moon. She’s the mystère of love, perpetual help, goodwill, health, beauty, and fortune.  Source: On Beauty (2005) by novelist Zadie Smith In the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements. Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液).This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵). After weeks of fermentation, Brand boiled the urine down to a thick, sticky substance. He then mixed this paste with sand and heated the mixture to an extreme temperature. What emerged from this process was a substance that was entirely new to the world of science — a white solid that shone with a soft light in the dark. Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus”, originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious. The implications of Brand’s discovery were far-reaching. Phosphorus was not only a novelty but also a substance with practical applications. It would later become an essential component in the production of matches,fertilizers, and various chemicals. Hennig Brand’s accidental discovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment. 43．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The fall of ancient alchemists and the rise of modern chemists. B．The accidental discovery of phosphorus and its scientific impact. C．The importance of human urine in scientific experiments. D．How to turn base metals into gold through magic. 44．What was Hennig Brand’s initial goal when he started his experiments? A．To turn human urine into gold. B．To discover something new. C．To produce a glowing substance (物质). D．To reform modern chemistry. 45．The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to . A．statement B．trouble C．pattern D．foundation 46．What can be inferred about Hennig Brand from the passage? A．He was a funny chemist who followed scientific methods. B．He was a debatable scientist who predicted the future of chemistry. C．He was a curious individual willing to explore untraditional ideas. D．He was a wealthy man with a deep understanding of chemistry. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How to Become a Scientist Here is some advice for students who think they might like to become scientists. Become an observer. One of the most important things you can do to become a good scientist is to practice watching everything carefully. Find a comfortable chair and put it in the middle of your garden or a park. Sit in the chair for thirty minutes or an hour. Watch the insects that fly past or land on the plants. Look at the shapes of leaves and branches. Listen to the sounds of insects. 47 Use a microscope to look closely at interesting objects. Learn everything you can about a topic that interests you. Suppose you’d like to explore flowers by using a microscope. Go to the library and check out some flower books. See what you can find on the Internet. Pick some flowers and carefully take them apart. 48 The more you know about flowers from reading about them and observing them, the more you’ll understand when you look at them with a microscope. Ask for help from a knowledgeable person. After you’ve learned everything you can on your own, ask someone else to help with questions you still have. Maybe there’s someone at a nearby school or museum who knows about insects, spiders, or something else you’d like to learn about. 49 Find a scientist to talk to or find a place where scientific research is being done. If you still want to learn more, you can find a scientist to talk to at a nearby university, or research station. 50 Explain what you’re interested in. Ask if you can schedule a time to visit. Most scientists are happy to talk to students who share their passion for science. A．You may go to seek answers from him. B．Write a letter or an e-mail message to the scientist. C．Research your questions using the Internet or library. D．See if you can find a sight or sound that surprises you. E．Use a microscope to see how everything fits together. F．Being a scientist is time-consuming and mentally demanding. V. Summary writing (10’) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of siblings(兄弟姐妹) It’s common knowledge that the family a child grows up in has a huge influence on the child’s attitudes, beliefs and mental health. People usually think that the child’s parents are responsible for this influence, but relationships with brothers and sisters are just as important. Siblings provide children with a unique opportunity to practice interacting with their peers, rather than authority figures. Although friendships can have similar effects, relationships with siblings offer some unique advantages. During childhood, siblings see each other every day and spend more time with each other than with anyone else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. Siblings are also forced to persevere in their relationships with each other even if they have a falling out. This forces children to practice conflict resolution skills since they cannot leave the familial relationship, as they could with a friend. But a sibling relationship also offers a safe place to discuss difficult topics without fear of abandonment. Moreover, older siblings often teach their younger brothers and sisters about life. They can convey useful skills and advice, but they can also set bad examples, leading their younger siblings to do things that are wrong or foolish. Once children grow up, they do not see their siblings as often as before since they usually no longer live together. Maintaining sibling relationships now takes work, and if siblings do not get along, they can avoid each other. But many sibling relationships improve in young adulthood as the siblings mature. Sometimes the distance helps siblings enjoy each other’s company when they do meet. Relationships between siblings vary depending on the ages and personalities of the children involved. Even the best sibling relationships involve some disagreements, but a strong relationship can survive such conflicts. Considering the role of siblings throughout our lives, it’s critical to take the time to cultivate positive relationships with siblings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Translation. (3’+3’+4’+5’) 52．那些有相同爱好的人更有可能成为好朋友。(identical)(汉译英) 53．作者巧妙地将生动的描写与激动人心的情节相结合，使得他的小说让人爱不释手。 (couple) (汉译英) 54．在一个电子阅读器盛行的时代，我还是更喜欢纸质书，它能使我置身于书香之中。 (surround) (汉译英) 55．得益于科技的迅猛发展，在线学习越来越受欢迎，学生们得以订阅那些由全球知名教授授课的教育平台，进而拓宽自身的知识视野。 (thanks to) (汉译英) VII. Guided writing (25’) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 10-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. “Tourism will destroy the environment.” 你是否赞同这一观点，并说明原因。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共6页） 试题 第4页（共6页） 试题 第1页（共6页） 试题 第2页（共6页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $