专题04 非限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期沪教版

该高中英语期末复习讲义聚焦非限制性定语从句，通过考情分析表、对比表格等工具系统构建知识体系，从定义结构、连接词分类到与限制性从句的差异、as/which用法分层梳理，清晰呈现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础题考查连接词填空，提升题涉及复杂语境下which/as辨析，拓展题通过翻译和语法填空综合应用，培养语言能力和思维品质。即时检测附详细解析，帮助学生规避错误，支持分层复习，助力教师精准教学。

专题04 非限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京卷 非限制性定语从句连接词选择 【考向透视】 非限制性定语从句是高二英语语法重点，也是高考高频考点。近年高考中多在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空及书面表达中考查，侧重连接词（which/as/who 等）的辨析与运用、从句与主句的逻辑关系，以及与限制性定语从句的用法差异。阅读理解长难句中常出现非限制性定语从句，需准确拆分句意；书面表达中运用该从句可提升句式复杂度与表达丰富度，是高分作文的重要技巧。 【复习目标】 1.掌握非限制性定语从句的定义、基本结构及连接词分类与用法。 2.熟练区分非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的核心差异。 3.掌握 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的特殊用法，能在语境中准确运用。 4.能在语法填空、改错、写作中规范使用该从句，避免常见错误。 2025 新高考 I 卷 as/which 引导非限制性定语从句辨析 2024 新高考 II 卷 语法填空中连接词填空（which/who/whose） 2024 浙江卷 短文改错中非限制性定语从句错误修正 2023 全国乙卷 长难句中非限制性定语从句拆分与理解 核心知识点梳理 知识点 01 非限制性定语从句的定义与基本结构 非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明、附加解释的从句，与主句之间用逗号隔开，去掉从句后主句意思仍完整。 核心结构：先行词（名词 / 代词 / 整个主句） + ， + 连接词 + 陈述句语序 例：My sister, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital.（我的姐姐是一名医生，她在一家大医院工作。） 例：He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.（他通过了考试，这让他的父母非常高兴。） 知识点 02 非限制性定语从句的连接词分类与用法 非限制性定语从句的连接词需根据先行词的类型（人、物、时间、地点、原因、整个主句）选择，不可用 that 或 why，核心连接词如下： 1.指人：who（作主语）、whom（作宾语，可省略）、whose（作定语，表 “…… 的”） 例：Mr. Li, who teaches us English, is very kind.（教我们英语的李老师非常友好。）（who 作主语） 例：The girl, whom we met at the party last night, is his cousin.（昨晚我们在派对上遇到的那个女孩是他的表妹。）（whom 作宾语，可省略） 例：Do you know Tom, whose father is a famous writer?（你认识汤姆吗？他的父亲是一位著名作家。）（whose 作定语） 2.指物 / 整个主句：which（作主语或宾语） 例：The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。）（which 指物，作宾语） 例：She won the first prize, which surprised everyone.（她获得了一等奖，这让所有人都很惊讶。）（which 指整个主句，作主语） 3.指时间：when（作时间状语） 例：We visited Beijing in July, when the weather is very hot.（我们七月份去了北京，那时天气非常热。） 4.指地点：where（作地点状语） 例：We went to Shanghai, where my uncle lives.（我们去了上海，我叔叔住在那里。） 5.表 “…… 的原因”：for which（相当于 why，非限制性定语从句中不可用 why） 例：He was ill, for which he didn’t attend the meeting.（他生病了，因此没参加会议。）（= He was ill, why he didn’t attend the meeting. 错误） 6.特殊连接词 as：可指整个主句，常位于句首、句中或句末，搭配固定句式（as we know, as is known to all 等） 例：As we all know, the earth is round.（众所周知，地球是圆的。）（as 位于句首，指整个主句） 例：He is a hardworking student, as is shown in his grades.（他是个勤奋的学生，这从他的成绩中可以看出来。）（as 位于句末，指整个主句） 知识点03：非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的核心差异 对比维度 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 功能 补充说明先行词，去掉从句主句意思仍完整 限定先行词范围，去掉从句主句意思不明确 标点 与主句之间用逗号隔开 与主句之间无逗号 连接词 不可用 that、why；可用于整个主句（which/as） 可用 that、why；不可用于整个主句 例句 My brother, who is 25, is a teacher.（我哥哥 25 岁，他是一名教师。） My brother who is 25 is a teacher.（我 25 岁的哥哥是一名教师。）（暗示有多个哥哥） 知识点04 ：as与which引导非限制性定语从句的差异 两者均能指代整个主句，但用法有明确区别： 对比维度 as which 位置 可位于句首、句中、句末 只能位于句末 固定搭配 常与 as we know, as is known to all, as seems likely 等搭配 无固定搭配，可单独使用 含义 常表 “正如、正像” 常表 “这一点、这件事” 例句 As is expected, she passed the exam.（正如预期的那样，她通过了考试。） She passed the exam, which made her parents happy.（她通过了考试，这让她的父母很高兴。） 即时检测 1.My best friend, __________ is studying abroad, sent me a postcard yesterday.（用适当的连接词填空） 【答案】who 【解析】句意：我的好朋友正在国外留学，她昨天给我寄了一张明信片。先行词为人（my best friend），非限制性定语从句中作主语，用 who 引导，不可用 that。 2.We visited the Great Wall, __________ is one of the greatest wonders in the world.（用适当的连接词填空） 【答案】which 【解析】句意：我们参观了长城，它是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。先行词为物（the Great Wall），非限制性定语从句中作主语，用 which 引导，不可用 that。 3.__________ is known to all, water is essential for life.（用适当的连接词填空） 【答案】As 【解析】句意：众所周知，水对生命至关重要。固定句式 “As is known to all”，as 指代整个主句，位于句首，不可用 which。 4.翻译句子：他写了一本小说，这本书已经被翻译成多种语言。 【答案】He wrote a novel, which has been translated into many languages. 【解析】“这本书” 指代先行词 “a novel”，非限制性定语从句中作主语，用 which 引导；“被翻译成” 用现在完成时被动语态 has been translated into。 5.下列句子中非限制性定语从句用法正确的是（ ） A. This is the girl who I met at the party yesterday. B. He failed the exam, that made his teacher angry. C. As we all know, English is widely used in the world. D. I visited my hometown, where I was born there. 【答案】C 【解析】A 项为限制性定语从句（无逗号），用法正确但不符合 “非限制性” 要求；B 项非限制性定语从句不可用 that，应改为 which；C 项 as 引导非限制性定语从句，搭配固定句式，用法正确；D 项 where 与 there 重复，应去掉 there，故选 C。 基础题（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Besides, we wrapped dumplings with the elderly together for lunch, during we chatted with the elderly. 2．We will go to the hospital to see the patients, most of are children. 3．The other was the Big Bang Theory, holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. 4．The company is striving to create a work environment, employees feel genuinely empowered to share their innovative ideas without fear of judgment or failure. 5．Last week I went to Shenzhen, is the engine of China’s economic development. 6． you can imagine, the skies over the city get pretty busy. 7．The desert appeared completely empty, was calming and threatening at the same time. 8．John invited 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. 9．The famous scientist, we all admire, gave us a wonderful speech yesterday. 10．Nowadays many people have opened their TikTok accounts, they share their ideas and feelings with us. 11． is mentioned earlier, the expert group has already been formed to investigate the issue. 12．In the evening we went to a party and I met Diana's friends, many of are connected with the movie industry. 13．The ancient city, history dates back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts thousands of tourists every year. 14．He has a collection of vintage watches, most of were made in Switzerland in the 1960s. 15．The research involved several experiments, made it difficult to combine the results. 16．Grandma has been complaining about the vegetables sold in the supermarket, have been grown using chemical fertilisers. 17．Most great scientists have the ability to see the world in ways other people do not. 18．This applied science, saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. 19．This medicine, discovery led to the naming of artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 20．Have you been to the Louvre Museum, you can see the Mona Lisa on display? 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 1．For young people, they can feel a sense of belonging and gain encouragement, is beneficial to their mental health. 2．He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA, demonstrating great talent and personality in the process. 3．Have you read the book War and Peace, writer is world-famous? 4．My sister passed the driving test, really made our parents happy. 5．Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without tireless work, none of these achievements would be possible. 6．Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered. 7．She has written three novels, the last of has been translated into five languages. 8． is often the case, the weather in spring is quite changeable. 9．Her mother works in a company, the employees are all women. 10．That old oak tree in the park, survived a severe storm ten years ago and, now provides shade for countless picnics, is considered a symbol of resilience by locals. 11．Mr White will come to the party on Sunday, he promised to every one of us. 12．Davis wanted to visit Dr Yuan’s new farm, the seawater rice was grown. 13．Their vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters, works are also displayed in museums. 14．The sun heats the Earth, makes it possible for plants to grow. 15．The company possesses abundant natural resources, which it has taken full advantage to dominate the market. 16．The renowned scientist, groundbreaking theory once shook the academic world, now leads a quiet life in a small town. 17．Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. 18．We visited the museum, many rare artifacts are on display. 19．The meeting, lasted three hours, ended at 5 o’clock in the afternoon. 20．She always comes late, annoys the teacher a lot. 拓展题（测试时间：15分钟） 一、翻译 1．他的计划涵盖了所有细节，这与之前粗糙的方案截然不同。（contrast） （汉译英） 2．尽管面临重重困难，这位科学家依然致力于她的研究，并最终取得了突破，这让她所有的同事都惊叹不已。(despite) (汉译英) 3．免签政策一经推出，就受到了国外游客的热烈欢迎，这不仅有效地促进了国内经济发展，还弘扬了中华文化，可谓一举两得。(not only... but also...)  （汉译英） 4．没人知道我的祖父五十多岁时谱写了二十多首歌曲，其中大部分在50年代非常流行。（aware）(汉译英) 5．如调查所反映的，疏于监管是网络暴力的罪魁祸首。(blame) (汉译英) 6．这家科技公司推出了一款以中国古代故事为灵感的创新应用，受到了许多年轻用户的关注。（launch）(汉译英) 7．这位诗人将中国西部的自然风光比作一幅画，让他联想起生命的美好。(bring) (汉译英) 8．这部科幻片受到普遍认可，可想而知，制片团队一定参考了大量的物理学论文。（refer）(汉译英) 9．这位爱国诗人在他的自传里，生动描述了童年时用弹弓捕鸟的经历，非常值得一读。(worth)(汉译英) 10．中国四大经典文学名著，分别是《西游记》《红楼梦》《三国演义》和《水浒传》，其中网友讨论热度最高的就是《西游记》。（respectively）(汉译英) 二、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Real Reason Why Students Are Using AI to Avoid Learning Young people are often the first to feel the effects of new technology, long before the grown-ups can fully articulate what's happening. So I started asking more students about their experiences with AI. The diversity of answers I received revealed 1 far more complex. I realized that the widespread panic around AI “destroying” education masks a deeper issue. The root problem isn’t AI — it’s the erosion of our attention spans. And this is a problem AI didn’t create — social media did. When students rely on AI to skip foundational learning, crucial skills atrophy (萎缩). Yes, students are using AI to write essays, ace take-home tests, and help summarize dense readings. That behavior means many 2 (skip) foundational learning opportunities. Skills 3 structuring arguments, developing a point of view, and sitting with a hard, frustrating task long enough to figure it out are muscles that atrophy when AI becomes the shortcut. The harm isn’t only academic; it’s emotional too. Earning an A on an essay you didn’t write doesn’t build confidence; it undermines it, 4 (strengthen) the damaging belief that success is only achievable with AI assistance. And this core belief makes young people 5 (likely) to take risks, explore new ideas, or develop their own creative voice. But, from my conversations, I also learned that for every student misusing AI to avoid hard thinking, there’s another 6 (embrace) it to learn more deeply. Some use it to check their math homework. Some create practice tests to prepare for their exams. And, perhaps most powerfully of all, others turn to AI to ask honest, “dumb” questions they genuinely want answers to, igniting curiosity in topics their classrooms 7 overlook. That’s why, ironically, AI might be one of the best tools we have to combat 8 very attention crisis it’s accused of worsening. As author Johann Hari points out in his book, Stolen Focus, one of the few ways to truly reclaim our focus is by entering a state of flow — where you’re so immersed in something meaningful 9 everything else fades away. For some students, AI is doing exactly that. It's helping them lose track of time while diving into filmmaking, composing music, or writing code for a game they dreamed up. It’s acting as a 24/7 tutor on any subject they can dream of — patient, personalized, and endlessly adaptable — not just teaching 10 the curriculum demands, but guiding them toward what they’re genuinely passionate about. In that sense, I have seen firsthand how AI isn’t always replacing learning. In many cases, it’s reviving it. 语法填空 What’s wrong with being an amateur? While 1 (read) a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre questioned the divide 2 amateurs and professional artists. One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they 3 draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.” But for Schulenburg, it’s an outdated attitude towards amateurs. “The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner on the stage.” 4 sounds much like he is advocating the kind of large-scale community work. If so, he might have a point. The importance of forming a community rather than a passive audience is 5 Douglas MacLennan has also picked up recently on a blog. In a post 6 (headline) “Pay attention! If selling tickets is your business model, you've got a problem”, he argues that theatres and other arts institutions will only survive if they “build community rather than audience”. The idea is that you give the public reasons 7 (engage) with your company, you build loyalty so that their support is more than just a consumer transaction. Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders 8 theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything ... doesn’t make me feel anything”. Lynn Conner, one author of the report, also mentioned “I believe what is 9 (appealing) to today’s potential arts audiences is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by formıng and exchanging opinions that 10 (value) in the community.” 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 非限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京卷 非限制性定语从句连接词选择 【考向透视】 非限制性定语从句是高二英语语法重点，也是高考高频考点。近年高考中多在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空及书面表达中考查，侧重连接词（which/as/who 等）的辨析与运用、从句与主句的逻辑关系，以及与限制性定语从句的用法差异。阅读理解长难句中常出现非限制性定语从句，需准确拆分句意；书面表达中运用该从句可提升句式复杂度与表达丰富度，是高分作文的重要技巧。 【复习目标】 1.掌握非限制性定语从句的定义、基本结构及连接词分类与用法。 2.熟练区分非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的核心差异。 3.掌握 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的特殊用法，能在语境中准确运用。 4.能在语法填空、改错、写作中规范使用该从句，避免常见错误。 2025 新高考 I 卷 as/which 引导非限制性定语从句辨析 2024 新高考 II 卷 语法填空中连接词填空（which/who/whose） 2024 浙江卷 短文改错中非限制性定语从句错误修正 2023 全国乙卷 长难句中非限制性定语从句拆分与理解 核心知识点梳理 知识点 01 非限制性定语从句的定义与基本结构 非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明、附加解释的从句，与主句之间用逗号隔开，去掉从句后主句意思仍完整。 核心结构：先行词（名词 / 代词 / 整个主句） + ， + 连接词 + 陈述句语序 例：My sister, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital.（我的姐姐是一名医生，她在一家大医院工作。） 例：He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.（他通过了考试，这让他的父母非常高兴。） 知识点 02 非限制性定语从句的连接词分类与用法 非限制性定语从句的连接词需根据先行词的类型（人、物、时间、地点、原因、整个主句）选择，不可用 that 或 why，核心连接词如下： 1.指人：who（作主语）、whom（作宾语，可省略）、whose（作定语，表 “…… 的”） 例：Mr. Li, who teaches us English, is very kind.（教我们英语的李老师非常友好。）（who 作主语） 例：The girl, whom we met at the party last night, is his cousin.（昨晚我们在派对上遇到的那个女孩是他的表妹。）（whom 作宾语，可省略） 例：Do you know Tom, whose father is a famous writer?（你认识汤姆吗？他的父亲是一位著名作家。）（whose 作定语） 2.指物 / 整个主句：which（作主语或宾语） 例：The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。）（which 指物，作宾语） 例：She won the first prize, which surprised everyone.（她获得了一等奖，这让所有人都很惊讶。）（which 指整个主句，作主语） 3.指时间：when（作时间状语） 例：We visited Beijing in July, when the weather is very hot.（我们七月份去了北京，那时天气非常热。） 4.指地点：where（作地点状语） 例：We went to Shanghai, where my uncle lives.（我们去了上海，我叔叔住在那里。） 5.表 “…… 的原因”：for which（相当于 why，非限制性定语从句中不可用 why） 例：He was ill, for which he didn’t attend the meeting.（他生病了，因此没参加会议。）（= He was ill, why he didn’t attend the meeting. 错误） 6.特殊连接词 as：可指整个主句，常位于句首、句中或句末，搭配固定句式（as we know, as is known to all 等） 例：As we all know, the earth is round.（众所周知，地球是圆的。）（as 位于句首，指整个主句） 例：He is a hardworking student, as is shown in his grades.（他是个勤奋的学生，这从他的成绩中可以看出来。）（as 位于句末，指整个主句） 知识点03：非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的核心差异 对比维度 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 功能 补充说明先行词，去掉从句主句意思仍完整 限定先行词范围，去掉从句主句意思不明确 标点 与主句之间用逗号隔开 与主句之间无逗号 连接词 不可用 that、why；可用于整个主句（which/as） 可用 that、why；不可用于整个主句 例句 My brother, who is 25, is a teacher.（我哥哥 25 岁，他是一名教师。） My brother who is 25 is a teacher.（我 25 岁的哥哥是一名教师。）（暗示有多个哥哥） 知识点04 ：as与which引导非限制性定语从句的差异 两者均能指代整个主句，但用法有明确区别： 对比维度 as which 位置 可位于句首、句中、句末 只能位于句末 固定搭配 常与 as we know, as is known to all, as seems likely 等搭配 无固定搭配，可单独使用 含义 常表 “正如、正像” 常表 “这一点、这件事” 例句 As is expected, she passed the exam.（正如预期的那样，她通过了考试。） She passed the exam, which made her parents happy.（她通过了考试，这让她的父母很高兴。） 即时检测 1.My best friend, __________ is studying abroad, sent me a postcard yesterday.（用适当的连接词填空） 【答案】who 【解析】句意：我的好朋友正在国外留学，她昨天给我寄了一张明信片。先行词为人（my best friend），非限制性定语从句中作主语，用 who 引导，不可用 that。 2.We visited the Great Wall, __________ is one of the greatest wonders in the world.（用适当的连接词填空） 【答案】which 【解析】句意：我们参观了长城，它是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。先行词为物（the Great Wall），非限制性定语从句中作主语，用 which 引导，不可用 that。 3.__________ is known to all, water is essential for life.（用适当的连接词填空） 【答案】As 【解析】句意：众所周知，水对生命至关重要。固定句式 “As is known to all”，as 指代整个主句，位于句首，不可用 which。 4.翻译句子：他写了一本小说，这本书已经被翻译成多种语言。 【答案】He wrote a novel, which has been translated into many languages. 【解析】“这本书” 指代先行词 “a novel”，非限制性定语从句中作主语，用 which 引导；“被翻译成” 用现在完成时被动语态 has been translated into。 5.下列句子中非限制性定语从句用法正确的是（ ） A. This is the girl who I met at the party yesterday. B. He failed the exam, that made his teacher angry. C. As we all know, English is widely used in the world. D. I visited my hometown, where I was born there. 【答案】C 【解析】A 项为限制性定语从句（无逗号），用法正确但不符合 “非限制性” 要求；B 项非限制性定语从句不可用 that，应改为 which；C 项 as 引导非限制性定语从句，搭配固定句式，用法正确；D 项 where 与 there 重复，应去掉 there，故选 C。 基础题（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Besides, we wrapped dumplings with the elderly together for lunch, during we chatted with the elderly. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：此外，我们和老人一起包饺子吃午饭，期间我们和老人聊天。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句内容，作介词during的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 2．We will go to the hospital to see the patients, most of are children. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将去医院看望病人，他们中的大多数是孩子。“most of ________ are children”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词patients，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作of的宾语，用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。 3．The other was the Big Bang Theory, holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：另一种理论是“大爆炸理论”，该理论认为宇宙始于一个特定的时间和空间点。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Big Bang Theory，且在从句作主语，指物，用which引导该从句。故填which。 4．The company is striving to create a work environment, employees feel genuinely empowered to share their innovative ideas without fear of judgment or failure. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该公司正努力打造一种工作环境，在这种环境中，员工能真正感受到自主权，敢于分享创新想法，而不必担心受到评判或因失败受责。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a work environment，且在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．Last week I went to Shenzhen, is the engine of China’s economic development. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上周我去了深圳，这里是中国经济发展的引擎。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Shenzhen，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 6． you can imagine, the skies over the city get pretty busy. 【答案】As 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如你所能想象的，这座城市上空变得十分繁忙。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后文整个主句内容，在从句中作imagine 的宾语，表示“正如”应用关系代词as，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填 As。 7．The desert appeared completely empty, was calming and threatening at the same time. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：沙漠似乎完全空旷，既令人平静，同时又充满威胁。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为逗号前面的主句，指代一件事情，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 8．John invited 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：约翰邀请了40人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“40 people”，指人，关系代词在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，需用“whom”。故填whom。 9．The famous scientist, we all admire, gave us a wonderful speech yesterday. 【答案】who/whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那位我们都崇拜的著名科学家昨天给我们作了一次精彩的演讲。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词scientist指人，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词who/whom引导从句。故填who/whom。 10．Nowadays many people have opened their TikTok accounts, they share their ideas and feelings with us. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如今，许多人都开设了自己的抖音账户，在那里他们与我们分享他们的想法和感受。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是TikTok accounts，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 11． is mentioned earlier, the expert group has already been formed to investigate the issue. 【答案】As 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如之前所提到的，专家组已经成立以调查该问题。此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句内容，可译为“正如、正像”，且置于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。 12．In the evening we went to a party and I met Diana's friends, many of are connected with the movie industry. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：晚上我们去参加了一个派对，我见到了戴安娜的朋友们，其中许多人都与电影行业有关联。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Diana's friends（指人），关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词 whom，故填whom。 13．The ancient city, history dates back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts thousands of tourists every year. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这座古城的历史可以追溯到唐朝，每年吸引成千上万的游客。The ancient city attracts thousands of tourists every year是主句，此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The ancient city与history表所属关系，即“这座古城的历史”，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 14．He has a collection of vintage watches, most of were made in Switzerland in the 1960s. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：他收藏了一批古董手表，其中大部分是20世纪60年代在瑞士制造的。根据先行词vintage watches以及逗号可知，“most of ____ were made in Switzerland in the 1960s”是非限制性定语从句，且most of后需接关系代词。先行词指物，此空应用which，构成“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。故填which。 15．The research involved several experiments, made it difficult to combine the results. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这项研究涉及几个实验，这使得将结果结合起来很困难。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 16．Grandma has been complaining about the vegetables sold in the supermarket, have been grown using chemical fertilisers. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：奶奶一直抱怨超市里出售的蔬菜是用化学肥料种植出来的。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词vegetables，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 17．Most great scientists have the ability to see the world in ways other people do not. 【答案】that/in which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：大多数伟大的科学家都有以别人没有的方式看待世界的能力。空处引导定语从句，当先行词是way“方式”，且从句缺少方式状语时，用that/in which引导从句。故填that/in which。 18．This applied science, saves work and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这种应用科学既能节省劳力又能使生活更轻松，但却没有给我们带来多少快乐。“____ saves work and makes life easier”为非限制性定语从句，先行词是This applied science，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 19．This medicine, discovery led to the naming of artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这种药物的发现导致了青蒿素的命名，很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。空处引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词medicine在从句中定语，表示“它的”应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 20．Have you been to the Louvre Museum, you can see the Mona Lisa on display? 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你去过卢浮宫博物馆吗？在那里你能看到《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画展出。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Louvre Museum，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 1．For young people, they can feel a sense of belonging and gain encouragement, is beneficial to their mental health. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：对于年轻人来说，他们可以感受到归属感并获得鼓励，这对他们的心理健康有益。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 2．He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA, demonstrating great talent and personality in the process. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他在1960年罗马奥运会期间受到公众关注，当时他为美国赢得了轻重量级金牌，过程中展现出卓越的天赋和个性。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the 1960 Rome Olympics”，表时间，从句中缺少时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．Have you read the book War and Peace, writer is world-famous? 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你读过《战争与和平》这本书吗？这本书的作者可是世界知名的作家啊。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the book War and Peace，在从句作定语，故填whose。 4．My sister passed the driving test, really made our parents happy. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的妹妹通过了驾驶考试，这件事让我们的父母很开心。此处考查非限定性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 5．Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without tireless work, none of these achievements would be possible. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我们要特别感谢成千上万的志愿者，没有他们不知疲倦的付出，这些成就都不可能实现。此处为“介词（without）+ 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是“thousands of volunteers”，指人，与从句中的“tireless work”为所属关系，即“志愿者们的不知疲倦的工作”，应用关系代词whose作定语，指代先行词的所有格。故填whose。 6．Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，他们中的大多数人都康复了。“most of _____ recovered”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词malaria patients，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。 7．She has written three novels, the last of has been translated into five languages. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她写了三部小说，其中最后一部已被翻译成五种语言。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词three novels作补充说明，先行词指物，作介词of的宾语，因此应用关系代词which。故填which。 8． is often the case, the weather in spring is quite changeable. 【答案】As 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如通常情况那样，春天的天气变化无常。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处表示“常有的事”，用固定结构as is often the case，此处as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语，表示“正如……；就像……”，代指逗号后面整个句子，且单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填As。 9．Her mother works in a company, the employees are all women. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她母亲在一家公司工作，那里的员工全是女性。设空处引导定语从句。修饰的先行词是company，引导词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 10．That old oak tree in the park, survived a severe storm ten years ago and, now provides shade for countless picnics, is considered a symbol of resilience by locals. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：公园里那棵古老的橡树，十年前曾经历了一场严重的风暴却依然存活下来，如今它为无数的野餐活动提供了遮荫之处，当地人将其视为坚韧不拔的象征。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词“That old oak tree”，在从句作主语，指物。故填which。 11．Mr White will come to the party on Sunday, he promised to every one of us. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：怀特先生将参加星期天的聚会，这是他答应给我们每个人的。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词为前面整个主句，因此用which引导定语从句，故填which。 12．Davis wanted to visit Dr Yuan’s new farm, the seawater rice was grown. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：戴维斯想参观袁博士的新农场，海水稻就是在那里种植的。设空处应填写一个引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为Dr Yuan’s new farm，指地点，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 13．Their vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters, works are also displayed in museums. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的远见启发了新一代后印象派画家，其作品也在博物馆展出。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和works之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 14．The sun heats the Earth, makes it possible for plants to grow. 【答案】which 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：太阳使地球变暖，这使得植物生长成为可能。“ makes it possible for plants to grow”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词将“太阳使地球变暖”这一现象代入定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 15．The company possesses abundant natural resources, which it has taken full advantage to dominate the market. 【答案】of 【解析】考查动词短语和介词。句意：该公司拥有丰富的自然资源，它充分利用了这些资源来主导市场。take full advantage of是固定短语，意为“充分利用”；关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“abundant natural resources”，在从句中作动词短语take full advantage of的宾语，of不能省略，可放到关系代词which前。故填of。 16．The renowned scientist, groundbreaking theory once shook the academic world, now leads a quiet life in a small town. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位著名的科学家，他的开创性理论曾经震撼了学术界，现在在一个小镇上过着平静的生活。“ groundbreaking theory once shook the academic world”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The renowned scientist”，从句缺少定语，表示“科学家的开创性理论”，应使用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 17．Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. 【答案】where 【解析】考查where引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：发现、探索并享受荣获殊荣的Tullie House吧，在这里，丰富的历史藏品、现代艺术作品以及家庭娱乐活动汇聚于一座令人印象深刻的博物馆和艺术馆之中。“______ historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together…”为修饰名词“award-winning Tullie House”的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 18．We visited the museum, many rare artifacts are on display. 【答案】where 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：我们参观了那个博物馆，那里陈列着许多珍贵的文物。“______ many rare artifacts are on display”为之前名词“the museum”的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 19．The meeting, lasted three hours, ended at 5 o’clock in the afternoon. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这场持续了三个小时的会议在下午五点结束。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The meeting，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 20．She always comes late, annoys the teacher a lot. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她总是迟到，这让老师很恼火。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句“She always comes late”的内容，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 拓展题（测试时间：15分钟） 一、翻译 1．他的计划涵盖了所有细节，这与之前粗糙的方案截然不同。（contrast） （汉译英） 【答案】His plan covers all the details, which stands in sharp contrast to the rough proposal he made before. 【解析】考查短语和定语从句。主语“他的计划”为his plan；表示“涵盖”用动词cover，陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“所有细节”为all the details，后跟非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，指物故用which；表示“与……截然不同”可用stand in sharp contrast to，陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“之前粗糙的方案”翻译为省略关系词的定语从句，为the rough proposal he made before，发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为His plan covers all the details, which stands in sharp contrast to the rough proposal he made before. 2．尽管面临重重困难，这位科学家依然致力于她的研究，并最终取得了突破，这让她所有的同事都惊叹不已。(despite) (汉译英) 【答案】Despite facing numerous difficulties, the scientist devoted herself to her research and finally made a breakthrough, which made all her colleagues amazed. 【解析】考查介词、动词短语、时态和定语从句。“尽管面临重重困难”作让步状语，用介词短语despite facing numerous difficulties表示，其中动名词短语facing numerous difficulties作宾语；主句主语“这位科学家”译为the scientist，“致力于”译为动词短语devote oneself to，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态devoted herself to，宾语“她的研究”译为her research，“最终取得了突破”译为finally make a breakthrough，make是并列谓语动词，用并列连词and连接，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态finally made a breakthrough；“这让她所有的同事都惊叹不已”可处理为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，用关系代词which引导从句并在从句中作主语，译为which made all her colleagues amazed。综上，全句译为：Despite facing numerous difficulties, the scientist devoted herself to her research and finally made a breakthrough, which made all her colleagues amazed. 3．免签政策一经推出，就受到了国外游客的热烈欢迎，这不仅有效地促进了国内经济发展，还弘扬了中华文化，可谓一举两得。(not only... but also...)  （汉译英） 【答案】The visa-free policy has been warmly welcomed by foreign tourists as soon as it was launched, which not only effectively promotes domestic economic development but also carries forward Chinese culture, killing two birds with one stone. 【解析】考查定语从句和短语。主语表示“免签政策”用the visa-free policy；表示“受到了国外游客的热烈欢迎”用be warmly welcomed by foreign tourists，表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时；表示“一……就”用as soon as引导时间状语从句，主语“免签政策”用it代替；表示“推出”用动词launch，与主语构成被动关系，且发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态；“这不仅有效地促进了国内经济发展，还弘扬了中华文化”处理为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词visa-free policy，在从句作主语，指物，故用which；表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but also…；表示“有效地促进了国内经济发展”为effectively promote domestic economic development；表示“弘扬了中华文化”为carry forward Chinese culture，从句陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“可谓一举两得”短语为kill two birds with one stone，与the visa-free policy为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故翻译为The visa-free policy has been warmly welcomed by foreign tourists as soon as it was launched, which not only effectively promotes domestic economic development but also carries forward Chinese culture, killing two birds with one stone. 4．没人知道我的祖父五十多岁时谱写了二十多首歌曲，其中大部分在50年代非常流行。（aware）(汉译英) 【答案】Nobody is aware that my grandfather composed more than twenty songs in his fifties, most of which were very popular in the 1950s. 【解析】考查固定结构、短语和时态。主句描述一个客观事实，时态需用一般现在时；表示“没人”应用代词nobody，作主句主语，位于句首，单词首字母需大写；表示“知道……”可用固定结构be aware that...，作主句的谓语，主语nobody为单数主语，系动词需用is；表示“我的祖父”应用名词短语my grandfather，作从句的主语，表示“谱写”应用动词compose，作从句的谓语动词；表示“二十多首歌曲”应用名词短语more than twenty songs，作从句的宾语；表示“在他五十多岁时”应用介词短语in his fifties，作从句的时间状语，故从句时态需用一般过去时，描述发生在过去的事情；主句后面接了一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为more than twenty songs，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，需用关系代词which引导，表示“大部分”可用most of ...，故用most of which引导定语从句；表示“在50年代”可用介词短语in the 1950s，作从句的时间状语，故从句时态也需用一般过去时；表示“非常流行”可用动词短语be very popular，主语指代复数名词，故系动词需用were。故翻译为Nobody is aware that my grandfather composed more than twenty songs in his fifties, most of which were very popular in the 1950s.。 5．如调查所反映的，疏于监管是网络暴力的罪魁祸首。(blame) (汉译英) 【答案】As the survey shows, the lack of supervision is to blame for cyberbullying. 【解析】考查动词和固定句型。句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时。“如调查所反映的”可以用as引导的非限制性定语从句表示，翻译为as the survey shows，关系代词as代指下文主句的内容；“疏于监管”翻译为the lack of supervision，作主句的主语；“是……的罪魁祸首”用固定句型be to blame for表示，主语是the lack of supervision，be动词用is；“网络暴力”翻译为cyberbullying。故整句翻译为As the survey shows, the lack of supervision is to blame for cyberbullying. 6．这家科技公司推出了一款以中国古代故事为灵感的创新应用，受到了许多年轻用户的关注。（launch）(汉译英) 【答案】This technology company has launched an innovative app inspired by ancient Chinese stories, which has attracted the attention of many young users. 【解析】考查动词、短语和名词。“这家科技公司推出了一款创新应用”作主句主干，用“This technology company has launched an innovative app”来表达，“这家科技公司”是“This technology company”，作主语，“推出”用所给动词“launch”表示，句子强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时“has launched”，作谓语，“一款创新应用”是“an innovative app”，作“has launched”的宾语；“以中国古代故事为灵感的”作后置定语修饰 “应用”“app”，用过去分词短语 “inspired by ancient Chinese stories”来表达，“app” 与“inspire” 是被动关系，故用过去分词短语“inspired by…”，“中国古代故事”“ancient Chinese stories”泛指各种中国故事，“故事”“story”用复数形式“stories”；“受到了许多年轻用户的关注”用非限制性定语从句“,which has attracted the attention of many young users.”来表达，关系词用 “which”指代前面的先行词“app”，“吸引…… 的关注” 是 短语“attract the attention of...”，和主句时态保持一致，同样用现在完成时，因主语“which”代替的先行词是单数，故用“ has attracted the attention of…”来表达，作从句的谓语，“许多年轻用户”是“many young users”，作“ has attracted the attention of…”的宾语，“user”是可数名词其前有“many”修饰，故用复数形式。故整句话翻译为：This technology company has launched an innovative app inspired by ancient Chinese stories, which has attracted the attention of many young users. 7．这位诗人将中国西部的自然风光比作一幅画，让他联想起生命的美好。(bring) (汉译英) 【答案】The poet compares the natural scenery of western China to a painting, which brings to his mind the beauty of life. 【解析】考查时态和定语从句。句子描述一个客观事实，时态需用一般现在时；表示“这位诗人”应用名词短语the poet，作主语，表示特指，位于句首，单词the首字母需大写；表示“将……比作”应用动词短语compare...to...，时态为一般现在时，主语为The poet，是单数主语，谓语需用第三人称单数形式；表示“中国西部的自然风光”可用名词短语the natural scenery of western China，作宾语；表示“一幅画”可用名词短语a painting，作宾语，后接一个which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语；表示“让某人想起”应用动词短语bring to one’s mind sth.，时态为一般现在时，主语which指代a painting，是单数主语，谓语需用第三人称单数形式；表示“生命的美好”可用名词短语the beauty of life，作宾语。故翻译为The poet compares the natural scenery of western China to a painting, which brings to his mind the beauty of life.。 8．这部科幻片受到普遍认可，可想而知，制片团队一定参考了大量的物理学论文。（refer）(汉译英) 【答案】The science fiction film is widely acknowledged, and as can be imagined, the production team must have referred to a wealth of physics papers. 【解析】考查定语从句和情态动词。“科幻片”英文表达为science fiction film，动词acknowledge表示“承认、认可”，两者之间为被动关系，故“这部科幻片受到普遍认可”可译为The science fiction film is widely acknowledged，该句为一般现在时，表示客观事实；“可想而知”可用以关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句表达，译为as can be imagined，修饰主句“制片团队一定参考了大量的物理学论文”，该句表示对过去已发生事情的推测，故谓语部分应用情态动词must+have done来表示，“制片团队”译为the production team，动词短语refer to表示“参考”，a wealth of表示“大量的”，故“大量的物理学论文”可译为a wealth of physics papers，故该句译为the production team must have referred to a wealth of physics papers.。故全句译为The science fiction film is widely acknowledged, and as can be imagined, the production team must have referred to a wealth of physics papers.。 9．这位爱国诗人在他的自传里，生动描述了童年时用弹弓捕鸟的经历，非常值得一读。(worth)(汉译英) 【答案】The patriotic poet vividly described his experience of catching birds with a slingshot when he was a child in his autobiography, which is well worth reading. 【解析】考查定语从句，固定句型和时态。这位爱国诗人为主语译为“the patriotic poet”，在他的自传里译为“in his autobiography”，描述用动词describe，表示过去的事情，用一般过去时，经历译为“experience”，用弹弓捕鸟译为“catch birds with a slingshot”，童年时用when引导的时间状语从句，译为“when he was a child”，非常值得一读用which 引导的非限制性定语从句，值得做某事用固定短语“be worth doing”，从句表示一般事实，用一般现在时，再结合其他汉语意思，故翻译为The patriotic poet vividly described his experience of catching birds with a slingshot when he was a child in his autobiography, which is well worth reading. 10．中国四大经典文学名著，分别是《西游记》《红楼梦》《三国演义》和《水浒传》，其中网友讨论热度最高的就是《西游记》。（respectively）(汉译英) 【答案】China’s four great classic literary works are “Journey to the West,” “Dream of the Red Chamber,” “Romance of the Three Kingdoms,” and “Water Margin,” respectively, among which “Journey to the West” has the highest discussion heat among netizens. 【解析】考查定语从句。句子陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，表示“中国四大经典文学名著”应用China’s four great classic literary works；表示“分别”应用respectively；表示“是”应用be，主语为复数名词，be动词用are；表示“《西游记》《红楼梦》《三国演义》和《水浒传》”应用“Journey to the West,” “Dream of the Red Chamber,” “Romance of the Three Kingdoms,” and “Water Margin” ；表示“其中网友讨论热度最高的就是《西游记》”应用among which “Journey to the West” has the highest discussion heat among netizens，此处用among+which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 “Journey to the West,” “Dream of the Red Chamber,” “Romance of the Three Kingdoms,” and “Water Margin”，指物，在定语从句中作介词among的宾语。故翻译成：China’s four great classic literary works are “Journey to the West,” “Dream of the Red Chamber,” “Romance of the Three Kingdoms,” and “Water Margin,” respectively, among which “Journey to the West” has the highest discussion heat among netizens. 二、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Real Reason Why Students Are Using AI to Avoid Learning Young people are often the first to feel the effects of new technology, long before the grown-ups can fully articulate what's happening. So I started asking more students about their experiences with AI. The diversity of answers I received revealed 1 far more complex. I realized that the widespread panic around AI “destroying” education masks a deeper issue. The root problem isn’t AI — it’s the erosion of our attention spans. And this is a problem AI didn’t create — social media did. When students rely on AI to skip foundational learning, crucial skills atrophy (萎缩). Yes, students are using AI to write essays, ace take-home tests, and help summarize dense readings. That behavior means many 2 (skip) foundational learning opportunities. Skills 3 structuring arguments, developing a point of view, and sitting with a hard, frustrating task long enough to figure it out are muscles that atrophy when AI becomes the shortcut. The harm isn’t only academic; it’s emotional too. Earning an A on an essay you didn’t write doesn’t build confidence; it undermines it, 4 (strengthen) the damaging belief that success is only achievable with AI assistance. And this core belief makes young people 5 (likely) to take risks, explore new ideas, or develop their own creative voice. But, from my conversations, I also learned that for every student misusing AI to avoid hard thinking, there’s another 6 (embrace) it to learn more deeply. Some use it to check their math homework. Some create practice tests to prepare for their exams. And, perhaps most powerfully of all, others turn to AI to ask honest, “dumb” questions they genuinely want answers to, igniting curiosity in topics their classrooms 7 overlook. That’s why, ironically, AI might be one of the best tools we have to combat 8 very attention crisis it’s accused of worsening. As author Johann Hari points out in his book, Stolen Focus, one of the few ways to truly reclaim our focus is by entering a state of flow — where you’re so immersed in something meaningful 9 everything else fades away. For some students, AI is doing exactly that. It's helping them lose track of time while diving into filmmaking, composing music, or writing code for a game they dreamed up. It’s acting as a 24/7 tutor on any subject they can dream of — patient, personalized, and endlessly adaptable — not just teaching 10 the curriculum demands, but guiding them toward what they’re genuinely passionate about. In that sense, I have seen firsthand how AI isn’t always replacing learning. In many cases, it’s reviving it. 【答案】 1．something 2．are skipping 3．like 4．strengthening 5．less likely 6．embracing 7．may/might 8．the 9．that 10．what 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨学生使用 AI 规避学习的现象，指出其核心问题并非 AI 本身，而是社交媒体导致的注意力持续时间萎缩。同时分析 AI 带来的双重影响：既可能导致基础技能退化、自信心受损，也能激发深度学习和好奇心，最终强调 AI 或能成为应对注意力危机的工具，促进真正的学习。 1．考查代词。句意：我收到的答案的多样性揭示了一些远比这复杂得多的事情。revealed后接宾语，指代“某些东西”，所以用不定代词something。故填something。 2．考查时态。句意：这种行为意味着许多人正在错过基础学习的机会。根据句意及前文“That behavior means”可知，此处表示“正在错过”，应用现在进行时，且主语many为复数，be动词用are。故填are skipping。 3．考查介词。句意：像构建论点、形成观点、长时间坚持一项困难且令人沮丧的任务直到解决它这样的技能，当人工智能成为捷径时，这些技能就会萎缩。根据句意可知，此处表示“像……这样的技能”，应用介词like。故填like。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一篇不是你写的文章上得A并不能建立信心；它会削弱信心，强化这种有害的信念，即成功只有在人工智能的帮助下才能实现。分析句子结构可知，前面两个分句中已有谓语动词build和undermines，所以此处应用strengthen的非谓语动词形式，strengthen与前一个分句之间为主动关系，表示其造成的结果，所以用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填strengthening。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：而这种核心信念让年轻人不太可能去冒险、探索新想法或发展自己的创造性声音。根据句意可知，此处表示“不太可能”，应用likely的反义词unlikely的比较级less likely。故填less likely。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，从我的谈话中，我也了解到，对于每一个滥用人工智能来避免深入思考的学生来说，还有另一个学生正在利用它来更深入地学习。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以此处应用embrace的非谓语动词形式作定语，修饰another，another与embrace之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填embracing。 7．考查情态动词。句意：也许最有力的是，其他人转向人工智能，提出他们真正想要答案的、诚实的“愚蠢”问题，点燃了他们对课堂上可能被忽视的主题的好奇心。根据句意可知，此处表示“可能被忽视”，应用情态动词may/might，表示推测。故填may/might。 8．考查冠词。句意：具有讽刺意味的是，这就是为什么人工智能可能是我们对抗它被指控加剧的注意力危机的最佳工具之一。根据句意可知，此处特指前文提到的“注意力危机”，应用定冠词。故填the。 9．考查固定句型。句意：正如作家约翰·哈里在他的书《被偷走的注意力》中指出的那样，真正重新获得注意力的少数方法之一是进入一种心流状态 —— 你沉浸在有意义的事情中，以至于其他一切都消失了。根据句意可知，此处表示“如此……以至于……”，应用固定句型so...that...。故填that。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：它就像一个全天候的导师，可以教授任何他们能想到的科目 —— 耐心、个性化、无限适应 —— 不仅教授课程要求的内容，还引导他们走向他们真正热爱的东西。分析句子结构可知，____10____ the curriculum demands为teach的宾语从句，从句中缺少demands的宾语，表示“……的内容”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 语法填空 What’s wrong with being an amateur? While 1 (read) a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre questioned the divide 2 amateurs and professional artists. One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they 3 draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.” But for Schulenburg, it’s an outdated attitude towards amateurs. “The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner on the stage.” 4 sounds much like he is advocating the kind of large-scale community work. If so, he might have a point. The importance of forming a community rather than a passive audience is 5 Douglas MacLennan has also picked up recently on a blog. In a post 6 (headline) “Pay attention! If selling tickets is your business model, you've got a problem”, he argues that theatres and other arts institutions will only survive if they “build community rather than audience”. The idea is that you give the public reasons 7 (engage) with your company, you build loyalty so that their support is more than just a consumer transaction. Abigail Katz, a regular theater-goer, wonders 8 theatres offer good value for money. She has written recently in a post at the Playgoer blog that much of the theatre “doesn’t do anything ... doesn’t make me feel anything”. Lynn Conner, one author of the report, also mentioned “I believe what is 9 (appealing) to today’s potential arts audiences is the opportunity to co-author meaning. They don’t want the arts; they want the experience. They want to gain the cultural rights by formıng and exchanging opinions that 10 (value) in the community.” 【答案】 1．reading 2．between 3．must 4．It 5．something/what 6．headlined 7．to engage 8．whether/if 9．the most appealing 10．are valued 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了业余爱好者与专业艺术家的界限问题，以及艺术机构应注重构建社区而非单纯吸引观众的观点。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在阅读一份最近发表的报告时，报告中提到“许多去看戏的人自己也参与了某种形式的业余戏剧”，Flux剧院的August Schulenburg对业余爱好者和专业艺术家之间的界限提出了质疑。while引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句的完整形式为：While August Schulenburg was reading a recently published report...，省略了August Schulenburg was。故填reading。 2．考查介词。句意：在阅读一份最近发表的报告时，报告中提到“许多去看戏的人自己也参与了某种形式的业余戏剧”，Flux剧院的August Schulenburg对业余爱好者和专业艺术家之间的界限提出了质疑。between...and...为固定短语，意为“在……和……之间”。故填between。 3．考查情态动词。句意：当专业的艺术组织认为自己的价值受到威胁时，他们会划出严格的界限来保护它。根据句意可知，此处表示“一定会，必须”，应用情态动词must。故填must。 4．考查代词。句意：“专业艺术家必须融入他们之中，成为他们的一员；业余爱好者必须在舞台上成为平等的伙伴。”这听起来很像他在倡导一种大规模的社区工作。分析句子结构可知，此处应用代词it作主语，指代前面提到的“The professional artist must be among them and of them; the amateur must be an equal partner on the stage”这句话，且谓语句首，首字母需大写。故填It。 5．考查表语从句或不定代词。句意：建立社区而不是被动观众的重要性也是Douglas MacLennan最近在博客上提到的。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事情”，应用连接代词what引导；或者此处也可以用不定代词something作主句中的表语且充当先行词，后面为省略了that的定语从句，修饰something。故填something/what。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一篇题为“注意！如果卖票是你的商业模式，你就有问题了”的帖子中，他认为剧院和其他艺术机构只有“建立社区而不是观众”才能生存。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为完整的句子，且无其它连词，所以此处应用headline的非谓语动词形式作后置定语，修饰名词post，headline与post之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填headlined。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个想法是，你给公众理由让他们与你的公司互动，你建立忠诚度，这样他们的支持就不仅仅是一种消费交易。分析句子结构可知，that表语从句中已有谓语动词give，所以此处应用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，修饰名词reasons，表示“与……互动的理由”，应用动词不定式形式。故填to engage。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：经常去看戏的Abigail Katz想知道剧院是否物有所值。分析句子结构可知，此处为wonder后的宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，根据语意可知，此处表示“是否”，应用whether或if引导。故填whether/if。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：报告的作者之一Lynn Conner也提到：“我相信，如今最吸引潜在艺术观众的是共同创造意义的最有吸引力的机会。他们不想要艺术；他们想要的是体验。他们想通过形成和交换在社区中被重视的观点来获得文化权利。”根据语境可知，此处表示“最有吸引力的”，应用形容词最高级形式。故填the most appealing。 10．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：报告的作者之一Lynn Conner也提到：“我相信，如今吸引潜在艺术观众的是共同创造意义的机会。他们不想要艺术；他们想要的是体验。他们想通过形成和交换在社区中被重视的观点来获得文化权利。”分析句子结构可知，此处为that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，关系词that指代先行词opinions，在从句中作主语，与value之间为被动关系，且句子描述的是一般事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are valued。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $