专题03 动词不定式和动名词（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期沪教版

该高中英语期末复习讲义以“考情分析-核心知识点分层梳理-对比辨析”构建动词不定式和动名词的知识体系，通过表格清晰呈现两者作主语、宾语等句法功能的差异，用思维导图梳理不定式省略to等特殊规则，突出高考高频考点与内在逻辑联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础题巩固基本形式（如“decide to do”），提升题强化语境辨析（如“remember doing/to do”差异），拓展题融入语法填空与翻译，培养语言运用能力和思维辨析品质。即时检测附解析助学生自主纠错，教师可借考情分析精准把握高考动向，支持分层教学与高效复习。

专题03 动词不定式和动名词（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京卷 不定式作宾语、动名词作主语 【考向透视】 动词不定式（to do）和动名词（doing）是高二英语语法重点，近年高考中高频出现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空及书面表达中。侧重考查两者作主语、宾语、表语、定语的用法差异，以及固定搭配中的介词后接动名词、使役动词后接不定式省略 to 等特殊规则。书面表达中灵活运用两者可丰富句式结构，提升表达多样性。 【复习目标】 1. 掌握动词不定式和动名词的基本形式及核心句法功能（作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语）。 2. 熟练区分两者作同一成分时的用法差异，牢记高频固定搭配。 3. 能在语境中准确选择不定式或动名词，完成填空、改错及写作运用。 2025 新高考 I 卷 固定搭配中不定式与动名词辨析 2024 新高考 II 卷 语法填空中不定式 to 的省略与保留 2024 浙江卷 动名词作宾语及主谓一致 2023 全国乙卷 短文改错中不定式与动名词误用修正 核心知识点梳理 知识点 01 动词不定式（to do）的核心用法 动词不定式由 “to+动词原形” 构成，否定式为 “not to+动词原形”，to 有时可省略，具备名词、形容词、副词的特征，可作多种句子成分。 1.作主语：常用 it 作形式主语，真正主语后置（避免句子头重脚轻） 例：To learn English well is important.（学好英语很重要。） 同义句：It is important to learn English well.（常用结构） 2.作宾语：接在及物动词后（如 want, hope, decide, manage 等） 例：She wants to visit the Great Wall.（她想去参观长城。） 特殊情况：某些动词（如 ask, tell, order 等）后接 “宾语+to do” 作复合宾语 例：My mother told me not to stay up late.（妈妈告诉我不要熬夜。） 3.作表语：说明主语的身份、性质、目的或内容 例：His dream is to become a doctor.（他的梦想是成为一名医生。） 4.作定语：修饰名词或代词，位于被修饰词后，表 “将要发生的动作” 或 “用途” 例：I have a lot of homework to do.（我有很多作业要做。）（表动作） 例：This is a pen to write with.（这是一支用来写字的笔。）（表用途，需补介词） 5.作状语：表目的、结果、原因等，常用 “to do” 表目的，“only to do” 表意外结果 例：He got up early to catch the first bus.（他早起是为了赶第一班车。）（目的） 例：She hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.（她匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。）（意外结果） 6.特殊省略 to 的情况： 使役动词（make, let, have）和感官动词（see, watch, hear 等）后接复合宾语时，不定式 to 省略 例：The teacher made him apologize.（老师让他道歉。）（不用 to） 被动语态中 to 需还原：He was made to apologize by the teacher. 情态动词（can, may, must 等）和助动词后直接接动词原形，无 to 固定搭配 “had better, would rather, why not” 后接动词原形，无 to 例：You’d better finish your work first.（你最好先完成工作。） 知识点 02 动名词（doing）的核心用法 动名词由 “动词原形+ing” 构成，否定式为 “not doing”，具备名词特征，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 1.作主语：可直接位于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语（常用结构：It’s no use/good doing...） 例：Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。） 例：It’s no use complaining about the result.（抱怨结果是没用的。） 2.作宾语：接在及物动词后（如 enjoy, finish, practice, avoid, mind 等）或介词后 例：She enjoys listening to music.（她喜欢听音乐。）（动词后） 例：He is afraid of being late.（他害怕迟到。）（介词后） 特殊搭配：某些动词（如 forget, remember, stop, regret 等）后接 doing 和 to do 含义不同 动词 后接 doing（表已发生） 后接 to do（表未发生） forget 忘记做过某事 忘记要做某事 remember 记得做过某事 记得要做某事 stop 停止做某事 停下来去做另一件事 regret 后悔做过某事 遗憾要做某事 例：I forgot closing the door.（我忘了已经关过门了。）（已做） 例：I forgot to close the door.（我忘了要关门。）（未做） 1.作表语：说明主语的性质、内容或习惯性动作，与主语可互换位置 例：His hobby is collecting stamps.（他的爱好是集邮。） 同义句：Collecting stamps is his hobby. 2.作定语：修饰名词，位于被修饰词前，表 “用途” 或 “相关动作” 例：a reading room（阅览室，表用途） 例：a swimming pool（游泳池，表相关动作） 知识点 03 不定式与动名词核心用法对比 句法功能 不定式（todo） 动名词（doing） 作主语 侧重 “具体的、一次性的动作”，常用 it 作形式主语 侧重 “抽象的、习惯性的动作”，可直接作主语或用 it 作形式主语 作宾语 接在 want, hope, decide 等动词后；部分动词后含义表 “未发生” 接在 enjoy, finish, practice 等动词及介词后；部分动词后含义表 “已发生” 作定语 位于被修饰词后，表 “将要发生的动作” 或 “用途” 位于被修饰词前，表 “用途” 或 “相关动作” 作状语 可表目的、结果、原因（动名词不可作状语） 不可作状语 即时检测 1.It’s no good __________ (waste) time on computer games. 【答案】wasting 【解析】句意：在电脑游戏上浪费时间是没用的。固定结构 “It’s no good doing sth.”，动名词作真正主语，故填 wasting。 2.She decided __________ (study) abroad next year. 【答案】to study 【解析】句意：她决定明年出国留学。动词 decide 后接不定式作宾语，即 “decide to do sth.”，故填 to study。 3.I remember __________ (meet) her at the party last month, but I can’t remember her name. 【答案】meeting 【解析】句意：我记得上个月在派对上见过她，但我不记得她的名字了。根据 “last month” 可知，动作已发生，remember 后接动名词表 “记得做过某事”，故填 meeting。 4.翻译句子：他停下来喝了一杯水。（表 “停下来去做另一件事”） 【答案】He stopped to drink a glass of water. 【解析】“停下来去做另一件事” 用 “stop to do sth.”，“喝一杯水” 译为 drink a glass of water，故填此答案。 5.下列句子中用法正确的是（ ） A. He made me to finish the work. B. It’s important learning English well. C. She avoids to make mistakes in the exam. D. I have a letter to write. 【答案】D 【解析】A 项使役动词 make 后接复合宾语，不定式 to 应省略，改为 make me finish；B 项固定结构 “It’s important to do sth.”，应改为 to learn；C 项动词 avoid 后接动名词，应改为 avoid making；D 项不定式作定语，用法正确，故选 D。 基础题（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Failure is the mother of success. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but (face) failure bravely and learn from it. 2．It is clear that the driver is (blame) for the traffic accident, for he ignored the traffic lights. 3．Scientists are experimenting with growing crops in space (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. 4．Neil Armstrong was the first person (set) foot on the moon, realizing a great dream of mankind. 5．Judy turned her head to the left, only (find) that Nick had gone. 6．The pillars are strong enough to (sustain) the weight of the roof. 7．I knocked on the old man’s door and tried to persuade him (buy) my newspaper. 8．Our main aim is (promote) mutual understanding between the two countries. 9．The woman started working at an early age (support) her family. 10．Villagers are requested (protect) the forest. 11．Our goal as educators is (inspire) students to pursue their passions and achieve their dreams. 12．He found it hard (resist) buying these books. 13．We managed to (negotiate) a better price for the car. 14．Swimming is a powerful way (relieve) stress and promote your sleep. 15．With so many urgent tasks (handle) before the deadline, the manager had to cancel all her personal appointments for the week. 16．The weather was (blame) for the delay, causing the flight to be rescheduled. 17．It is time for us (get) up in order to catch the first bus. 18．Meanwhile, they should show more concern about their children and spend some time with them (cultivate) a pleasant and harmonious family environment. 19．My ambition is (succeed) in my career and give it my very best. 20． conclude, I agree that parents play important roles in the social and intellectual development of children. (用适当的词填空) 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Sorry ( disturb) you, but can I talk to you for a minute? 2． (signal) that there is trouble ahead, a driver will turn on the warning lights. 3．She hopes (admit) to the art club because she is good at drawing. 4．The aim of this investigation is (bring) the truth to light, which is an uplifting notice for the public. 5．Where there is a small point difference, the effect of color is sufficient (tip) the balance. 6．As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us (think) about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 7．I have no alternative but (ask) him for an appropriate way to solve the problem. 8．The educators in this school took turns (deliver) a speech in the rural schools. 9． (have) an in-depth understanding of it as well as feel the warmth and charm of unique Chinese culture, it is genuinely hoped that those who are into the green train can have the chance to experience it in person. 10．When was it that they set out (design) such a new bridge? 11．His main problem is (waste) too much time on computer games. 12．After struggling to balance his homework and work for months, he ended up (quit) his part-time job before saving enough money. 13．The team wasted too much time on unnecessary discussions, which resulted in (leave) with no choice but to work overtime to meet the deadline. 14．It’s no good (stay) up late every night, which will take a toll on your health and affect your productivity the next day. 15． (give) a second chance by his boss made him happy. 16． (make) great progress brought him much confidence. 17．After (persuade) to change her mind about the proposal, she agreed to present it during the next meeting. 18．The poor assistant missed the presentation and felt very frustrated, so his friend kept (comfort) him. 19． (expose) to sunshine long is known to damage the skins of people. 20．I regret (lie) to my parents that I didn’t use AI to help me finish my homework. 拓展题（测试时间：25分钟） 一、翻译 1．她讨厌放假期间还得拼命刷题。 (bury) (汉译英) 2．值得一提的是，通过将理论与现实相结合，我们提高了学习理科科目的效率。(worth, integrate) (汉译英) 3．不积跬步，无以至千里。只有通过不断收集和分析5G技术在物联网、空中课堂和远程医疗等方面的应用案例，有朝一日我们才能实现“智慧城市”的梦想。 （Only…）（汉译英) 4．接触有不同经历的人对一个人的成长大有裨益，这能为个人发展注入源源不断的动力。(expose) (汉译英) 5．新当选的市长呼吁全体市民目前不要浪费时间争论谁该为火灾负责，而是要有同理心并积极向受害者伸出援手。(reach) (汉译英) 6．她对这个慈善项目投注了很多时间，却被告知由于人手不足，该项目不得不取消。(only to) (汉译英) 7．为了确保运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来，教练团队己精心安排他们遵循严格的训练计划，以防因不适应比赛环境而出现意外。(survive, arrange, in case) (汉译英) 8．制造商声称，这款即将发布的电动汽车具有自动驾驶功能，可语音控制，一次充电仅需12分钟，就可以行驶600公里。(claim) (汉译英) 9．为保护濒危的传统戏曲，民间艺术家们不仅修复了古戏台，还激励年轻一代传承这门艺术。(inspire) (汉译英) 10．在你看来，为何比起身边人如今的年轻人更愿意对聊天机器人敞开心扉? (think) (汉译英) 二、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Will a robot really take your job? It is one of the most widely quoted statistics of recent years. No report or conference presentation on the future of work is complete 1 it. The finding 2 47 percent of American jobs are at high risk of being automated by the mid-2030s comes from a paper published in 2013. The paper was written by two Oxford academics, Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne. It 3 (quote) in more than 4,000 other academic articles ever since. In April, one 4 (strike) worker in Los Angeles carried a notice that read “47% of American jobs are expected to be automated by 2034.” “That is,” Frey stresses, “definitely not what the paper says.” At one extreme 5 (be) the doom-mongers (末世论者). They warn of mass technological joblessness just around the corner. One advocate of this position, Martin Ford, worries that middle-class jobs will disappear, economic mobility will cease, and the richest people in a country could “shut 6 away in gated communities, perhaps guarded by autonomous military robots and drones.” At the positive end of the spectrum, classical economists argue that in the past, new technology has always ended up creating more jobs than it has destroyed. Everything will work out fine in the long run, 7 the short term is likely to be bumpy, as it was during the Industrial Revolution. It was several decades 8 industrialization led to significantly higher wages for British workers in the early 1800s, 9 delay known as Engels’ pause. While automation is likely to boost inequality in the short run by pushing some people into lower-paid jobs, it eventually increases the overall size of the economic pie. Frey is often assumed to be in the first camp. Plenty of people are surprised to discover that he is, in fact, 10 (close) to the second. The paper by him and Osborne simply wanted to point out that 47 percent of the current jobs in America, from the 702 different occupations they studied, were more likely to be affected by automation. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs. Every year, more books on happiness are published. And every year, more people feel depressed because they do not consider themselves to be happy. They don’t remember or know what it feels like, and instead, they feel guilty that they aren’t as happy as everyone says they 1 be. This is really a sad state of emotional affairs. The books, blogs, YouTube videos and advice columns will tell you that if you read, exercise, stay busy, help 2 , and increase your intimacy every day, then you too can be happy. The simple truth is that no one can be happy all the time, which doesn’t mean you have to be sad, angry, or depressed the rest of the time but 3 you can find a middle ground called contentment. This middle ground is a good place mentally and emotionally, and 4 (spend) time there is a healthy choice. Contentment is somewhere 5 satisfaction and peace. When you are in that place, the stuff of life can be going on around you, but you don’t need 6 (allow) it to bother you. And that, my friends, is a very nice way to go through life. I find contentment in walks, in writing, and in talking with my partners and reminding each other that our life is good, 7 temporary setbacks or scary moments. Because I know about myself and I can respond differently. Doing this takes away stress and will keep you from losing your state of contentment. If there is even one thing 8 puts you in a state of contentment — you do it regularly and early enough each day — it will help you 9 (overcome) any challenges you may have to face later. Right at this moment, things around me are still a little out of control — such is life — but I am feeling pretty good 10 I am actively living my purpose. I am now content, and that feeling will last the whole day through. You can do the same. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词不定式和动名词（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京卷 不定式作宾语、动名词作主语 【考向透视】 动词不定式（to do）和动名词（doing）是高二英语语法重点，近年高考中高频出现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空及书面表达中。侧重考查两者作主语、宾语、表语、定语的用法差异，以及固定搭配中的介词后接动名词、使役动词后接不定式省略 to 等特殊规则。书面表达中灵活运用两者可丰富句式结构，提升表达多样性。 【复习目标】 1. 掌握动词不定式和动名词的基本形式及核心句法功能（作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语）。 2. 熟练区分两者作同一成分时的用法差异，牢记高频固定搭配。 3. 能在语境中准确选择不定式或动名词，完成填空、改错及写作运用。 2025 新高考 I 卷 固定搭配中不定式与动名词辨析 2024 新高考 II 卷 语法填空中不定式 to 的省略与保留 2024 浙江卷 动名词作宾语及主谓一致 2023 全国乙卷 短文改错中不定式与动名词误用修正 核心知识点梳理 知识点 01 动词不定式（to do）的核心用法 动词不定式由 “to+动词原形” 构成，否定式为 “not to+动词原形”，to 有时可省略，具备名词、形容词、副词的特征，可作多种句子成分。 1.作主语：常用 it 作形式主语，真正主语后置（避免句子头重脚轻） 例：To learn English well is important.（学好英语很重要。） 同义句：It is important to learn English well.（常用结构） 2.作宾语：接在及物动词后（如 want, hope, decide, manage 等） 例：She wants to visit the Great Wall.（她想去参观长城。） 特殊情况：某些动词（如 ask, tell, order 等）后接 “宾语+to do” 作复合宾语 例：My mother told me not to stay up late.（妈妈告诉我不要熬夜。） 3.作表语：说明主语的身份、性质、目的或内容 例：His dream is to become a doctor.（他的梦想是成为一名医生。） 4.作定语：修饰名词或代词，位于被修饰词后，表 “将要发生的动作” 或 “用途” 例：I have a lot of homework to do.（我有很多作业要做。）（表动作） 例：This is a pen to write with.（这是一支用来写字的笔。）（表用途，需补介词） 5.作状语：表目的、结果、原因等，常用 “to do” 表目的，“only to do” 表意外结果 例：He got up early to catch the first bus.（他早起是为了赶第一班车。）（目的） 例：She hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.（她匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。）（意外结果） 6.特殊省略 to 的情况： 使役动词（make, let, have）和感官动词（see, watch, hear 等）后接复合宾语时，不定式 to 省略 例：The teacher made him apologize.（老师让他道歉。）（不用 to） 被动语态中 to 需还原：He was made to apologize by the teacher. 情态动词（can, may, must 等）和助动词后直接接动词原形，无 to 固定搭配 “had better, would rather, why not” 后接动词原形，无 to 例：You’d better finish your work first.（你最好先完成工作。） 知识点 02 动名词（doing）的核心用法 动名词由 “动词原形+ing” 构成，否定式为 “not doing”，具备名词特征，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 1.作主语：可直接位于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语（常用结构：It’s no use/good doing...） 例：Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。） 例：It’s no use complaining about the result.（抱怨结果是没用的。） 2.作宾语：接在及物动词后（如 enjoy, finish, practice, avoid, mind 等）或介词后 例：She enjoys listening to music.（她喜欢听音乐。）（动词后） 例：He is afraid of being late.（他害怕迟到。）（介词后） 特殊搭配：某些动词（如 forget, remember, stop, regret 等）后接 doing 和 to do 含义不同 动词 后接 doing（表已发生） 后接 to do（表未发生） forget 忘记做过某事 忘记要做某事 remember 记得做过某事 记得要做某事 stop 停止做某事 停下来去做另一件事 regret 后悔做过某事 遗憾要做某事 例：I forgot closing the door.（我忘了已经关过门了。）（已做） 例：I forgot to close the door.（我忘了要关门。）（未做） 1.作表语：说明主语的性质、内容或习惯性动作，与主语可互换位置 例：His hobby is collecting stamps.（他的爱好是集邮。） 同义句：Collecting stamps is his hobby. 2.作定语：修饰名词，位于被修饰词前，表 “用途” 或 “相关动作” 例：a reading room（阅览室，表用途） 例：a swimming pool（游泳池，表相关动作） 知识点 03 不定式与动名词核心用法对比 句法功能 不定式（todo） 动名词（doing） 作主语 侧重 “具体的、一次性的动作”，常用 it 作形式主语 侧重 “抽象的、习惯性的动作”，可直接作主语或用 it 作形式主语 作宾语 接在 want, hope, decide 等动词后；部分动词后含义表 “未发生” 接在 enjoy, finish, practice 等动词及介词后；部分动词后含义表 “已发生” 作定语 位于被修饰词后，表 “将要发生的动作” 或 “用途” 位于被修饰词前，表 “用途” 或 “相关动作” 作状语 可表目的、结果、原因（动名词不可作状语） 不可作状语 即时检测 1.It’s no good __________ (waste) time on computer games. 【答案】wasting 【解析】句意：在电脑游戏上浪费时间是没用的。固定结构 “It’s no good doing sth.”，动名词作真正主语，故填 wasting。 2.She decided __________ (study) abroad next year. 【答案】to study 【解析】句意：她决定明年出国留学。动词 decide 后接不定式作宾语，即 “decide to do sth.”，故填 to study。 3.I remember __________ (meet) her at the party last month, but I can’t remember her name. 【答案】meeting 【解析】句意：我记得上个月在派对上见过她，但我不记得她的名字了。根据 “last month” 可知，动作已发生，remember 后接动名词表 “记得做过某事”，故填 meeting。 4.翻译句子：他停下来喝了一杯水。（表 “停下来去做另一件事”） 【答案】He stopped to drink a glass of water. 【解析】“停下来去做另一件事” 用 “stop to do sth.”，“喝一杯水” 译为 drink a glass of water，故填此答案。 5.下列句子中用法正确的是（ ） A. He made me to finish the work. B. It’s important learning English well. C. She avoids to make mistakes in the exam. D. I have a letter to write. 【答案】D 【解析】A 项使役动词 make 后接复合宾语，不定式 to 应省略，改为 make me finish；B 项固定结构 “It’s important to do sth.”，应改为 to learn；C 项动词 avoid 后接动名词，应改为 avoid making；D 项不定式作定语，用法正确，故选 D。 基础题（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Failure is the mother of success. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but (face) failure bravely and learn from it. 【答案】to face 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：失败是成功之母。有时，为了成功，我们别无选择，只能勇敢面对失败并从中学习。have no alternative but to do sth是固定结构，意为“别无选择只能做某事”。故填to face。 2．It is clear that the driver is (blame) for the traffic accident, for he ignored the traffic lights. 【答案】to blame 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很明显，司机应该为这起交通事故负责，因为他无视交通信号灯。固定短语be to blame for，表示“应该为……负责”，本空用不定式to blame，作表语。故填to blame。 3．Scientists are experimenting with growing crops in space (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. 【答案】to help 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们正在试验在太空中种植作物，以帮助宇航员在更长的太空旅行中获得足够的食物。句子谓语为are experimenting，空处为非谓语动词作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填to help。 4．Neil Armstrong was the first person (set) foot on the moon, realizing a great dream of mankind. 【答案】to set 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尼尔·阿姆斯特朗是第一个登上月球的人，实现了人类的伟大梦想。当名词前有序数词“the first”修饰时，其后常用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“第一个做某事的人/物”，固定搭配“set foot on”意为“登上；踏上”，所以此处为动词不定式to set。故填to set。 5．Judy turned her head to the left, only (find) that Nick had gone. 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Judy把头转向左边，却发现Nick已经走了。本句谓语为turned，此处为非谓语动词，表示出乎意料的结果，应用“only+不定式”作结果状语，本空用find的不定式。故填to find。 6．The pillars are strong enough to (sustain) the weight of the roof. 【答案】sustain 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些柱子足够坚固，能够支撑屋顶的重量。设空处前为不定式符号 to，此处应填动词原形构成动词不定式短语，作结果状语，根据下文“the weight of the roof (屋顶的重量)”可知此处应填表示“支撑”含义的表达，应用所给单词sustain的原形。故填sustain。 7．I knocked on the old man’s door and tried to persuade him (buy) my newspaper. 【答案】to buy 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我敲了敲老人的门，试图说服他买我的报纸。persuade sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“说服某人做某事”，所以空格处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to buy。 8．Our main aim is (promote) mutual understanding between the two countries. 【答案】to promote 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的主要目的是促进两国之间的相互理解。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词作表语，说明主语的具体内容，用动词promote“促进”的不定式形式。故填to promote。 9．The woman started working at an early age (support) her family. 【答案】to support 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了养家糊口，这位女士很小就开始工作。根据句子逻辑可知，“很小开始工作”的目的是“养家糊口”，此空应是动词不定式to support，作目的状语。故填to support。 10．Villagers are requested (protect) the forest. 【答案】to protect 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：村民们被要求保护森林。request sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，此处为被动语态be requested to do sth.，意为“被要求做某事”。故填to protect。 11．Our goal as educators is (inspire) students to pursue their passions and achieve their dreams. 【答案】to inspire 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为教育者，我们的目标是激励学生追求他们的激情，实现他们的梦想。空处作表语，解释主语goal的具体内容，且指向一个未来的动作，应用不定式。故填to inspire。 12．He found it hard (resist) buying these books. 【答案】to resist 【解析】考查不定式。句意：他发现很难抗拒购买这些书。“find it +形容词+ to do sth.”为固定结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to do sth.，在此句中，“to resist buying these books”是真正的宾语，“hard”是宾语补足语。故填to resist。 13．We managed to (negotiate) a better price for the car. 【答案】negotiate 【解析】考查动词。句意：我们设法为这辆车谈成了更优惠的价格。此处managed to后需接动词原形，negotiate本身就是动词原形，意为“谈判、协商”。故填negotiate。 14．Swimming is a powerful way (relieve) stress and promote your sleep. 【答案】to relieve 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：游泳是缓解压力、促进睡眠的有效方式。“relieve”意为“缓解；减轻”，此处为固定结构“a way to do sth.”，不定式“to relieve”作后置定语，修饰名词“way”，表示“做某事的方式”。故填to relieve。 15．With so many urgent tasks (handle) before the deadline, the manager had to cancel all her personal appointments for the week. 【答案】to handle 【解析】考查不定式。句意：由于在截止日期之前有这么多紧急的任务要处理，经理不得不取消本周所有的私人约会。此处是with复合结构，由had to cancel all her personal appointments for the week可知，此处表示“有这么多紧急的任务要处理”，因此空格处用不定式表将来，是不定式的主动表被动。故填to handle。 16．The weather was (blame) for the delay, causing the flight to be rescheduled. 【答案】to blame 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：天气是造成此次航班延误的原因，因此航班被重新安排了时间。短语be to blame for表示“对……负有责任”，不定式作表语。故填to blame。 17．It is time for us (get) up in order to catch the first bus. 【答案】to get 【解析】考查不定式。句意：我们该起床了，以便赶上头班车。It is time for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“是某人做某事的时候了”。故填to get。 18．Meanwhile, they should show more concern about their children and spend some time with them (cultivate) a pleasant and harmonious family environment. 【答案】to cultivate 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，他们应当更加关心自己的孩子，抽出一些时间与他们相处，以营造一个温馨和谐的家庭氛围。此处cultivate在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，表示花时间陪伴孩子的目的是营造和谐家庭环境。故填to cultivate。 19．My ambition is (succeed) in my career and give it my very best. 【答案】to succeed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的抱负是在事业上取得成功，并尽我最大的努力。空处作表语，说明主语ambition的具体内容，且指向将来的动作，应用不定式。故填to succeed。 20． conclude, I agree that parents play important roles in the social and intellectual development of children. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】To 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：总之，我同意父母在孩子的社交和智力发展中起着重要作用。句子主干成分完整，结合“conclude”可知，此处用固定短语to conclude表示“总之”，用于引出总结或结论，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填To。 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Sorry ( disturb) you, but can I talk to you for a minute? 【答案】to disturb 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：很抱歉打扰你，我能和你谈一下吗？分析句子可知，此处为固定短语“be sorry to do sth.”很抱歉做某事。故填to disturb。 2． (signal) that there is trouble ahead, a driver will turn on the warning lights. 【答案】To signal 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了发出前方有危险的信号，司机会打开警示灯。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了示意前方有麻烦”，首字母大写，故填To signal。 3．She hopes (admit) to the art club because she is good at drawing. 【答案】to be admitted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她希望能被艺术俱乐部录取，因为她擅长画画。hope to do sth.是固定搭配，不定式作宾语，且admit与逻辑主语she之间是被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be admitted。 4．The aim of this investigation is (bring) the truth to light, which is an uplifting notice for the public. 【答案】to bring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次调查的目的是揭示真相，这对公众来说是一则令人振奋的通知。“is”是系动词，“(bring) the truth to light”作表语，用非谓语形式，此处表示要去做的事情，用不定式形式to bring，表示目的或意图。故填to bring。 5．Where there is a small point difference, the effect of color is sufficient (tip) the balance. 【答案】to tip 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在分值差异较小时，颜色的作用足以打破平衡。固定搭配be sufficient to do sth.表示“足以做某事”，此处需用不定式作结果状语，故填to tip。 6．As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us (think) about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 【答案】to think 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着我们越来越依赖电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。此处为固定搭配“urge sb. to do sth.”意为“敦促某人做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式“to think”作宾语补足语。故填to think。 7．I have no alternative but (ask) him for an appropriate way to solve the problem. 【答案】to ask 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我别无选择，只能向他请教解决问题的恰当方法。根据have no alternative but可知，此处考查固定搭配have no alternative/choice but to do sth.，意为“别无选择，只能做某事”，空处应填入不定式。故填to ask。 8．The educators in this school took turns (deliver) a speech in the rural schools. 【答案】to deliver 【解析】考查不定式。句意：这所学校的教育工作者轮流到乡村学校发表演讲。take turns to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“轮流做某事”。故填to deliver。 9． (have) an in-depth understanding of it as well as feel the warmth and charm of unique Chinese culture, it is genuinely hoped that those who are into the green train can have the chance to experience it in person. 【答案】To have 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更深入地了解它，并感受独特中国文化的温暖与魅力，真心希望那些喜欢绿色列车的人能够有机会亲自体验一番。此处have作目的状语，用不定式，首字母大写。故填To have。 10．When was it that they set out (design) such a new bridge? 【答案】to design 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是什么时候开始着手设计这样一座新桥的？句中考查固定短语set out to do sth.，意为“着手做某事，开始做某事”，故空处应用不定式形式。故填to design。 11．His main problem is (waste) too much time on computer games. 【答案】wasting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他主要的问题是在电脑游戏上浪费了太多时间。此处需用动名词形式作表语，解释说明主语His main problem的具体内容，waste的动名词形式为wasting。故填wasting。 12．After struggling to balance his homework and work for months, he ended up (quit) his part-time job before saving enough money. 【答案】quitting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在努力平衡家庭作业和工作几个月后，他最终辞掉了兼职工作，还没攒够钱。end up doing是固定短语，意为“最终做某事”，因此用quit“放弃”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填quitting。 13．The team wasted too much time on unnecessary discussions, which resulted in (leave) with no choice but to work overtime to meet the deadline. 【答案】being left 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：团队在不必要的讨论上浪费了太多时间，导致（他们）别无选择，只能加班赶最后期限。resulted in“导致”后需接名词或动名词形式，逻辑主语为The team，与动词leave“给……留下”为被动关系，因此需用动名词的被动语态。故填being left。 14．It’s no good (stay) up late every night, which will take a toll on your health and affect your productivity the next day. 【答案】staying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每晚熬夜没有好处，这会对你的健康造成损害，还会影响你第二天的工作效率。It’s no good doing...为固定句型，意为“做……没有好处”，it为形式主语，动名词作真正的主语。故填staying。 15． (give) a second chance by his boss made him happy. 【答案】Being given 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被老板给予第二次机会让他很开心。分析句子结构可知，此空作句子主语，应用动名词，且“他”是“被给予”机会，应用动名词的被动语态，即being given，句首单词，字母应大写。故填Being given。 16． (make) great progress brought him much confidence. 【答案】Making 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：取得巨大进步给了他很大的信心。空格处需作主语，动词原形不能直接作主语，需用动名词形式；“make great progress”为固定短语，意为“取得巨大进步”，所以此处为动名词making，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Making。 17．After (persuade) to change her mind about the proposal, she agreed to present it during the next meeting. 【答案】being persuaded 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在被说服改变对该提案的想法后，她同意在下次会议上呈现它。介词“after”后需接动名词作宾语；主语“she”与“persuade”之间是被动关系即“她被他人说服”，需用动名词的被动形式being persuaded。故填being persuaded。 18．The poor assistant missed the presentation and felt very frustrated, so his friend kept (comfort) him. 【答案】comforting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个可怜的助手错过了演示环节，感到非常沮丧，于是他的朋友一直在安慰他。此处为短语keep doing sth.表示“不断做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填comforting。 19． (expose) to sunshine long is known to damage the skins of people. 【答案】Being exposed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，长时间暴露在阳光下会损伤人的皮肤。句中谓语动词为“is known”，空处需用非谓语动词的动名词形式作主语；逻辑主语与动词“expose”之间为被动关系，表达“被暴露在阳光下”的含义，因此用动名词的被动形式being exposed，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填Being exposed。 20．I regret (lie) to my parents that I didn’t use AI to help me finish my homework. 【答案】lying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我后悔向父母撒谎说自己没有用人工智能帮我完成作业。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配regret doing sth.，表“后悔做过某事”，lie的动名词形式为lying。故填lying。 拓展题（测试时间：25分钟） 一、翻译 1．她讨厌放假期间还得拼命刷题。 (bury) (汉译英) 【答案】She hates burying herself in doing practice exercises during holidays. 【解析】考查动词短语、动名词和反身代词。主语“她”用人称代词she；谓语“讨厌”用动词hate，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态，谓语动词用单数形式hates；“拼命做某事”用动词短语bury oneself in doing sth.，用动名词形式burying作宾语，她讨厌的是自己拼命刷题，用反身代词herself；宾语“题”用名词词组practice exercises；时间状语“放假期间”用介词短语during holidays。综上，全句译为：She hates burying herself in doing practice exercises during holidays. 2．值得一提的是，通过将理论与现实相结合，我们提高了学习理科科目的效率。(worth, integrate) (汉译英) 【答案】It is worth mentioning that by integrating theory with reality, we have improved the efficiency of learning science subjects. 【解析】考查固定句型、宾语从句、动词（短语）、名词和非谓语动词。句子应该是介绍当前的情况，基本时态用现在时；“值得做某事”可用固定句型it is worth doing，“提及”可用动词mention，“通过将理论……”是mention的内容，可用that引导名词性从句作其宾语；“通过”可用介词by，“将理论与现实相结合”可用动词短语integrate theory with reality，integrate需用动名词形式，主语“我们”用代词we，谓语“提高”可用动词improve，宾语“学习理科科目的效率”可用名词短语the efficiency of learning science subjects，从句时态宜用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，助动词用have。故可译为：It is worth mentioning that by integrating theory with reality, we have improved the efficiency of learning science subjects. 3．不积跬步，无以至千里。只有通过不断收集和分析5G技术在物联网、空中课堂和远程医疗等方面的应用案例，有朝一日我们才能实现“智慧城市”的梦想。 （Only…）（汉译英) 【答案】One small step at a time leads to a thousand miles. Only by continuously collecting and analyzing application cases of 5G technology in the Internet of Things, virtual classrooms and telemedicine can we achieve the dream of a “smart city” one day. 【解析】考查谚语、倒装句和非谓语动词。“不积跬步，无以至千里”可理解为“千里之行始于足下”，通用翻译为：A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step；“只有通过不断收集和分析5G技术在物联网、空中课堂和远程医疗等方面的应用案例”作方式状语，“只有通过……”可only by...表示，“不断收集和分析”译为continuously collect and analyze，用动名词形式continuously collecting and analyzing作介词宾语，“5G技术在物联网、空中课堂和远程医疗等方面的应用案例”译为application cases of 5G technology in the Internet of Things, virtual classrooms and telemedicine，作宾语；“有朝一日我们才能实现“智慧城市”的梦想”是句子主干，主语“我们”用we，“能”用情态动词can，“实现‘智慧城市’的梦想”译为achieve the dream of a “smart city””，在情态动词后谓语动词achieve用原形，时间状语“有朝一日”译为one day；另外，“only+状语”置于句首会引起句子的部分倒装，所以情态动词can需放到主语we的前面。综上，全句译为：One small step at a time leads to a thousand miles. Only by continuously collecting and analyzing application cases of 5G technology in the Internet of Things, virtual classrooms and telemedicine can we achieve the dream of a “smart city” one day. 4．接触有不同经历的人对一个人的成长大有裨益，这能为个人发展注入源源不断的动力。(expose) (汉译英) 【答案】Being exposed to people with different experiences is of great benefit to a person’s growth, which can inject continuous motivation into personal development. 【解析】考查非谓语动词以及非限制性定语从句。表示“接触有不同经历的人”用be exposed to people with different experiences，此处应用动名词短语作主语，句首单词首字母大写，即Being exposed to people with different experiences；表示“对……大有裨益”用固定句型be of great benefit to，此处描述客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，be动词用is，即is of great benefit to；表示“一个人的成长”用a person’s growth；用which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，且关系词在从句中作主语；表示“能”用can；表示“为……注入源源不断的动力”用inject continuous motivation into，位于情态动词can后，用动词原形；表示“个人发展”用personal development。故翻译为Being exposed to people with different experiences is of great benefit to a person’s growth, which can inject continuous motivation into personal development. 5．新当选的市长呼吁全体市民目前不要浪费时间争论谁该为火灾负责，而是要有同理心并积极向受害者伸出援手。(reach) (汉译英) 【答案】The newly-elected mayor urged all citizens to show empathy and actively reach out to the victims instead of wasting time arguing over who should be held accountable for the fire at this stage. 【解析】考查宾语从句、动词短语、介词短语、名词、副词和非谓语动词。句子应该是描述过去发生的事情，时态宜用一般过去时；整个句子可处理为主从复合句，“谁该为火灾负责”可用连接代词who引导名词性从句，作“争论”的宾语；主句中主语“新当选的市长”可用名词短语the newly-elected mayor，“呼吁某人做某事”可用动词短语urge sb. to do，“全体市民”可用名词短语all citizens，“要有同理心”可用动词短语show empathy，“积极”可用副词actively，“向受害者伸出援手”可用动词短语reach out to the victims，“不要做某事”可用介词短语instead of doing，“浪费时间做某事”可用动词短语waste time doing，“争论”可用动词短语argue over，“目前”可用介词短语at this stage；从句中who作主语，“该”可用情态动词should，“为……负责”可用动词短语hold sb. accountable for的被动式，“火灾”用名词the fire。故可译为：The newly-elected mayor urged all citizens to show empathy and actively reach out to the victims instead of wasting time arguing over who should be held accountable for the fire at this stage. 6．她对这个慈善项目投注了很多时间，却被告知由于人手不足，该项目不得不取消。(only to) (汉译英) 【答案】She has devoted much time to the charity project, only to be informed/told that it has to be cancelled due to the labour shortage/the shortage/lack of hands. 【解析】考查时态、动词短语、非谓语动词和宾语从句。主语“她”用人称代词she，谓语“对……投注很多时间”可用动词短语devote much time to...，表示从过去持续到现在且可能还会持续下去的动词，用现在完成时态has devoted much time to，宾语“这个慈善项目”用名词词组the charity project；“却被告知”表示出乎意料的结果，用不定式短语only to be informed/told表示；“由于人手不足，该项目不得不取消”作宾语从句，用连词that引导该从句，从句中原因状语“由于人手不足”处理为介词短语due to the labour shortage/the shortage/lack of hands，句子主干“该项目不得不取消”译为it has to be cancelled。综上，全句译为：She has devoted much time to the charity project, only to be informed/told that it has to be cancelled due to the labour shortage/the shortage/lack of hands. 7．为了确保运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来，教练团队己精心安排他们遵循严格的训练计划，以防因不适应比赛环境而出现意外。(survive, arrange, in case) (汉译英) 【答案】In order to ensure that athletes can survive the fierce competition in the Olympic Games, the coaching team has arranged for them to follow a strict training plan in case any accident occurs due to their inadaptability to the competition environment. 【解析】考查固定短语、宾语从句、时态和目的状语从句。“为了确保运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来”作目的状语，“为了”用固定短语in order to，后接动词原形，“确保”用动词ensure，后面接宾语从句“运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来”，用连词that引导，译为that athletes can survive the fierce competition in the Olympic Games；“教练团队己精心安排他们遵循严格的训练计划”是主句，主语“教练团队”用the coaching team，“安排他们做某事”用动词短语arrange for them to do sth.，强调已经完成的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词用现在完成时态has arranged for them to do sth.，“遵循严格的训练计划”用动词短语follow a strict training plan，用不定式形式；“以防因不适应比赛环境而出现意外”作目的状语从句，用复合连词in case引导从句，译为in case any accident occurs due to their inadaptability to the competition environment，其中介词短语due to their inadaptability to the competition environment作原因状语。综上，全句译为：In order to ensure that athletes can survive the fierce competition in the Olympic Games, the coaching team has arranged for them to follow a strict training plan in case any accident occurs due to their inadaptability to the competition environment. 8．制造商声称，这款即将发布的电动汽车具有自动驾驶功能，可语音控制，一次充电仅需12分钟，就可以行驶600公里。(claim) (汉译英) 【答案】The manufacturer claims that the EV to be launched features autonomous driving, voice control, and can travel 600 km on a single charge that takes only 12 minutes. 【解析】考查宾语从句、定语从句、非谓语动词、名词、动词和形容词。句子在介绍当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，整个句子可处理为主从复合句；主句的主语“制造商”可用名词the manufacturer，谓语“声称”可用动词claim，后面为claim的具体内容，可用that引导宾语从句；宾语从句中主语“这款电动汽车”可用名词the EV，“即将发布的”可用不定式被动语态to be launched，作the EV的后置定语，第一个谓语“具有……功能”可用动词feature，“自动驾驶”可用名词短语autonomous driving，“语音控制”可用名词短语voice control，第二个谓语“可以行驶”可用情态动词can和动词travel搭配，“600公里”可用600 km，“一次充电”可用介词短语on a single charge，“仅需12分钟”是对“充电”的修饰，可用that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a single charge；定语从句中that代替先行词作主语，“仅需12分钟”可用动词take和名词短语only 12 minutes搭配。故可译为The manufacturer claims that the EV to be launched features autonomous driving, voice control, and can travel 600 km on a single charge that takes only 12 minutes. 9．为保护濒危的传统戏曲，民间艺术家们不仅修复了古戏台，还激励年轻一代传承这门艺术。(inspire) (汉译英) 【答案】To protect endangered traditional Chinese opera, folk artists have not only restored ancient opera stages but also inspired the younger generation to carry on this art form. 【解析】考查动词（短语）、形容词、名词（短语）和非谓语动词。“为保护濒危的传统戏曲”为目的，可用不定式作目的状语，“保护”可用动词protect，“濒危的传统戏曲”可用名词短语endangered traditional Chinese opera，主语“民间艺术家们”可用名词短语folk artists，为复数，“不仅……还……”可用并列结构not only… but also…，“修复”可用动词restore，“古戏台”可用名词短语ancient opera stages，“激励某人做某事”可用动词短语inspire sb. to do，“年轻一代”可用名词短语the younger generation，“传承”可用动词短语carry on，“这门艺术”可用名词短语this art form，时态宜用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，助动词用have。故可译为：To protect endangered traditional Chinese opera, folk artists have not only restored ancient opera stages but also inspired the younger generation to carry on this art form. 10．在你看来，为何比起身边人如今的年轻人更愿意对聊天机器人敞开心扉? (think) (汉译英) 【答案】Why do you think young people today prefer to open their hearts to chatbots rather than to people around them? 【解析】考查特殊疑问句、插入语、动词短语和时态。这是一个特殊疑问句，疑问词“为何”使用副词why；“在你看来”可处理为插入语do you think，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时态；主语“如今的年轻人”使用名词短语young people today；“更愿意做某事”使用动词短语prefer to do sth.，其中prefer是谓语动词；“对聊天机器人敞开心扉”使用动词短语open one’s heart to chatbots，用不定式形式to open their hearts to chatbots作宾语；“比起身边人”是比较状语，用rather than to people around them表示。综上，全句译为：Why do you think young people today prefer to open their hearts to chatbots rather than to people around them? 二、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Will a robot really take your job? It is one of the most widely quoted statistics of recent years. No report or conference presentation on the future of work is complete 1 it. The finding 2 47 percent of American jobs are at high risk of being automated by the mid-2030s comes from a paper published in 2013. The paper was written by two Oxford academics, Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne. It 3 (quote) in more than 4,000 other academic articles ever since. In April, one 4 (strike) worker in Los Angeles carried a notice that read “47% of American jobs are expected to be automated by 2034.” “That is,” Frey stresses, “definitely not what the paper says.” At one extreme 5 (be) the doom-mongers (末世论者). They warn of mass technological joblessness just around the corner. One advocate of this position, Martin Ford, worries that middle-class jobs will disappear, economic mobility will cease, and the richest people in a country could “shut 6 away in gated communities, perhaps guarded by autonomous military robots and drones.” At the positive end of the spectrum, classical economists argue that in the past, new technology has always ended up creating more jobs than it has destroyed. Everything will work out fine in the long run, 7 the short term is likely to be bumpy, as it was during the Industrial Revolution. It was several decades 8 industrialization led to significantly higher wages for British workers in the early 1800s, 9 delay known as Engels’ pause. While automation is likely to boost inequality in the short run by pushing some people into lower-paid jobs, it eventually increases the overall size of the economic pie. Frey is often assumed to be in the first camp. Plenty of people are surprised to discover that he is, in fact, 10 (close) to the second. The paper by him and Osborne simply wanted to point out that 47 percent of the current jobs in America, from the 702 different occupations they studied, were more likely to be affected by automation. 【答案】 1．without 2．that 3．has been quoted 4．striking 5．are 6．themselves 7．although/though/while 8．before 9．a 10．closer 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了机器人是否会取代人类工作的问题。 1．考查介词。句意：近年来，没有一份关于工作未来的报告或会议演讲缺少它。结合句意可知，本空表示“没有”，用介词without。故填without。 2．考查同位语从句。句意：2013年发表的一篇论文指出，到2030年代中期，47%的美国工作面临被自动化取代的高风险。本空引导同位语从句，解释说明finding，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，用that引导。故填that。 3．考查动词语态。句意：从那以后，这篇论文在4000多篇其他学术文章中被引用。本空为句子谓语，根据时间状语ever since可知，quote“引用”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语It（指代上文提到的论文）是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has been quoted。 4．考查形容词。句意：今年4月，洛杉矶一名罢工工人举着一块牌子，上面写着“预计到2034年，47%的美国工作将被自动化取代。”本空修饰名词worker，用形容词striking“罢工的”，作定语。故填striking。 5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最极端的是末日论者。本空为完全倒装句，主语the doom-mongers为复数，且句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用are。故填are。 6．考查反身代词。句意：这一立场的一位支持者马丁·福特担心，中产阶级的工作将消失，经济流动性将停止，一个国家中最富有的人可能会“把自己关在封闭的社区里，也许由自主军事机器人和无人机守卫。”本空作shut的宾语，指代the richest people，用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故填themselves。 7．考查让步状语从句。句意：从长远来看，一切都会好起来的，尽管短期内可能会像工业革命时期那样崎岖不平。前后文为让步关系，用连词although/though/while“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。故填although/though/while。 8．考查固定句型。句意：直到19世纪初工业化使英国工人的工资显著提高，这中间隔了几十年，这一延迟被称为恩格斯停顿。此处为固定句型“It was+一段时间+before...”，表示“过了……才……”，符合“工业化发生后数十年，工资才提高”的语境。故填before。 9．考查冠词。句意同上。表泛指“一段延迟”，且delay以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 10．考查比较级。句意：很多人惊讶地发现，事实上，他更接近第二类。结合前文“Frey is often assumed to be in the first camp”可知，此处存在“第一阵营”与“第二阵营”的对比，应用形容词close的比较级closer，表示“更接近”，作表语。故填closer。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs. Every year, more books on happiness are published. And every year, more people feel depressed because they do not consider themselves to be happy. They don’t remember or know what it feels like, and instead, they feel guilty that they aren’t as happy as everyone says they 1 be. This is really a sad state of emotional affairs. The books, blogs, YouTube videos and advice columns will tell you that if you read, exercise, stay busy, help 2 , and increase your intimacy every day, then you too can be happy. The simple truth is that no one can be happy all the time, which doesn’t mean you have to be sad, angry, or depressed the rest of the time but 3 you can find a middle ground called contentment. This middle ground is a good place mentally and emotionally, and 4 (spend) time there is a healthy choice. Contentment is somewhere 5 satisfaction and peace. When you are in that place, the stuff of life can be going on around you, but you don’t need 6 (allow) it to bother you. And that, my friends, is a very nice way to go through life. I find contentment in walks, in writing, and in talking with my partners and reminding each other that our life is good, 7 temporary setbacks or scary moments. Because I know about myself and I can respond differently. Doing this takes away stress and will keep you from losing your state of contentment. If there is even one thing 8 puts you in a state of contentment — you do it regularly and early enough each day — it will help you 9 (overcome) any challenges you may have to face later. Right at this moment, things around me are still a little out of control — such is life — but I am feeling pretty good 10 I am actively living my purpose. I am now content, and that feeling will last the whole day through. You can do the same. 【答案】 1．should 2．others 3．that 4．spending 5．between 6．to allow 7．in spite of/despite 8．that/which 9．overcome/to overcome 10．because 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人们对快乐的过度追求反而导致压力，并指出关键在于找到知足感——一种介于满意与平静之间的平衡状态，能让人不被生活琐事困扰，持久保持心理安宁。 1．考查情态动词。句意：他们不记得或不知道快乐是什么感觉，反而因未能如他人所说般快乐而感到愧疚。空后为动词原形be，空处应用情态动词，结合“they aren’t as happy as everyone says”可知，此处表达社会对快乐的期望，用情态动词should“应该”体现“他人认为你应该快乐”的隐含压力。故填should。 2．考查代词。句意：书籍、博客、YouTube视频和建议专栏会告诉你：若你每天阅读、锻炼、保持忙碌、帮助他人并增进亲密关系，你也能快乐。空处作help的宾语，结合“then you too can be happy”可知，应用代词others“其他人”，与前面的“read, exercise, stay busy”并列，构成快乐建议的常见做法。故填others。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：但真相是，没人能永远快乐——这并不意味着你其余时间必须悲伤、愤怒或抑郁，而是你可以找到一种名为“知足”的中间状态。空处引导名词性从句作mean的宾语，宾语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种中间状态是心理和情感上的佳境，在那里花时间是一个健康的选择。空处和空后的“time there”搭配作主语，是非谓语动词，且此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，因此应用spend“花费”的动名词形式。故填spending。 5．考查介词。句意：知足介于满意与平静之间。结合“satisfaction and peace”可知，此处应用固定搭配between A and B“介于A和B之间”，表示“介于满意与平静之间”。故填between。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你处于这种状态时，尽管生活琐事环绕，你也无需任其困扰。句中need为实义动词，固定短语need to do“需要做某事”符合题意，因此用allow“允许”的不定式形式，作宾语。故填to allow。 7．考查介词短语。句意：我在散步、写作、与伴侣交谈并互相提醒“生活很美尽管偶有挫折或恐惧”时感到知足。空后为介词短语“temporary setbacks or scary moments”，结合“our life is good”可知，前后是让步关系，应用表示“尽管，虽然”的介词短语in spite of。故填in spite of/despite。 8．考查定语从句。句意：哪怕只有一件事能让你知足——只要你每日及早且定期去做——它便能助你克服后续可能面临的挑战。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词one thing，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：哪怕只有一件事能让你满足——只要你每日及早且定期去做——它便能助你克服后续可能面临的挑战。help sb. (to) do是固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”，因此用overcome“克服”的不定式形式，作宾语补足语，且to可省略。故填(to) overcome。 10．考查原因状语从句。句意：此时此刻，我周遭事物仍有些失控（生活本如此），但我感觉良好，因为我正积极践行人生目标。空处前后为完整的句子，空前的句子表示结果，空后的句子表示原因，且此处表示直接而明确的原因，因此用意为“因为”的从属连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $