寒假作业06 定语从句1（关系代词）（巩固培优）高一英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业06 定语从句1（关系代词） 1.定语从句的定义 在复合句中，用于修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词包括关系代词who（宾格whom，所有格whose），that，which和关系副词where，when，why等。 The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday.穿着黑色外套的男孩昨天买了一个iPod. The noodles that/which my mother cooked were delicious.我妈妈煮的面条很好吃。 The school where I learned judo was very large.我学习柔道的学校非常大。 I remember the day when our band was formed.我记得我们乐队成立的日子。 I don’t know the reason why she got so angry this morning.我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气。 说明：这几个例子中，先行词分别是boy，noodles，school，day，reason。 加下划线的部分为定语从句。 处在先行词和定语从句之间的who，that和which是关系代词，where，when和why是关系代词。 2.限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句又称为限制性定语从句，它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的主语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意义。限定性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。 Do you know the girl who just came in?你认识刚才进来的那个女孩吗？ Shanghai is a city (that) I’ve always wanted to visit.上海是一座我一直想要去游览的城市。 Her sister married a man (who/whom/that) she met on a plane.她的姐姐嫁给了一个她在飞机上认识的人。 The time when I first met Mr.White was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到怀特先生的时候，我正处于一生中非常艰难的时期。 3.关系代词的用法 在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1.关系代词who和whom的用法 两者都用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。 1.基本用法 who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”。 Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas.约翰尼是一个经常会有新奇想法的人。（关系代词who在从句中作主语） The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang.获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江。 She is the girl who/whom I will go to Shanghai with.她就是要和我一起去上海的那个女孩。（关系代词在从句中作宾语，who可以替whom） The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr.Depp. =The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Depp.刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生。 说明：因为把介词to提到宾语从句的句首，所以只能用whom，而不能用who。 We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients,most of whom are children.我们要去医院看病人，这些病人大多数都是儿童。 2.只用who而不用that的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时可以通用，但在下列情况下只能用who，而不能用that。 A.先行词是one，ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。 The ones who flatter me don’t please me.那些奉承我的人并不能取悦于我。 Anyone who laughs last laughs best.笑到最后的人是笑得最好的人。 Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何不能完成指定任务的人，都应受到批评。 B.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 对于那些在地震中为营救生还者而辛苦工作的人，任何言语都无法表达我们的感激之情。 C.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew uup in western Yunnan province.昨天我在街上遇到一个在云南西部长大的女孩。 D.一个句子中带有两个定语从句时， 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.昨晚你遇见的那个男孩是个学习非常努力的组长。 E.在there be开头的句子中，宜用who。 There is a young man who wants to see your father.有个年轻人想要见你父亲。 There are many old men who are against this plan.有许多老人反对这个计划。 There was a king who was kind to his people.有一位国王，他对他的臣民很仁慈。 2.关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。 Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company? =Do you know Peter?His father happens to be working in your company.你认识彼得吗？他的父亲恰巧正在你们公司工作。 The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south. =The tourist wanted to book a room the window of which faces south. =The tourist wanted to book a room.The room’s window faces south.这位游客想要预订一间窗户朝南的房间。 We went to see our teacher Miss Styles,whose husband lost his life in the earthquake. 我们去看望了我们的老师斯泰尔斯小姐，她的丈夫在地震中丧生了。 Xi’an,whose walls remain as good as before,is one of the few cities with city walls.西安是少数几座有城墙的城市之一，它的城墙保持得和以前一样好。 3.关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。 1.在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。 They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。 2.限定性定语从句中只用that而不用which的情况 A.主句已有疑问句who或which时 Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you?旅馆前面的小汽车中哪辆属于你？ Who is the man that is sitting by the lake?坐在湖边的男人是谁？ B.先行词既有人又有物时 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.他谈到了他访问过的学校和老师。 The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.撞倒一位老人的那辆自行车和骑车人都被送到了警察局。 C.先行词为all，much，few，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时 It’s easy to do the repair.All that you need is a hammer and some nails.做修理很容易。你所需要的全部东西是一把锤子和一些钉子。 We haven’t got much that we can offer you.我们没有太多能向你们提供的东西。 I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised.我想告诉你一件会使你感到惊奇的事。 D.先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution.这是用来防止污染的最好的办法。 Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across.波莉是我所见到的最直爽的年轻女性。 E.先行词有序数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met.这是他们第三次见面。 The first time that Lester saw the film,he made up his mind to become a director.莱特斯第一次观看那部电影时，就下定决心要成为一名导演。 F.先行词有the very，the only，the same，any，few，little，no，all，one of等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening.这正是我那天晚上睡过的房间。 Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.李明是惟一一个想当老师的人。 The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.我们惟一能够做的，就是给你一些钱。 G.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.爱迪生建了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。 3.只用which而不用that的情况 A.引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that （正）The fish,which I bought this morning,is very fresh. （误）The fish,that I bought this morning,is very fresh.我今天早上买的鱼很新鲜。 My house,which I bought two years ago,has got a lovely garden.我两年前买的那幢房子，带一座漂亮的花园。 Jim passed the driving test,which surprised everybody in the office.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使得办公室里的每一个人都很惊讶。 注意：在非限定性定语从句中，有时关系代词是指代整个句子，而不是指代一个单词，本句中which指代“吉姆通过了驾驶考试”这件事。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多，这当然使得其他孩子嫉妒他。 说明：本句中，which指代“海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多”这件事。 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,most of which are sold abroad.这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，大都销往国外。 补充：which前常用none/neither/most/both/each/all/a little of等词修饰。 London,which is the capital of the UK,is a very beautiful city.英国的首都伦敦是一座非常美丽的城市。 B.在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等现实的境地。 This is the hotel in which you will stay. =This is the hotel (which/that) you will stay in.这就是你将要住的旅馆。 说明：在这句话中，介词in放在了句子的后面，那么关系代词既可以用which，也可以用that，还可以省略。 C.在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，那么另一句的关系词就需用which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。 4.关系代词which和that的用法总结 which和that在定语从句中作关系代词的主要区别 which ①可用于非限定性定语从句中，代替物、整个句子或主句中的一部分 ②可用于介词之后，构成“介词+which” that 不能用于上述两种情况 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．单项选择 1．（24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期末）— I think we have met the idiom before. — Yes. It was in the reading material _________ we read yesterday _________we met it. A．where; when B．that; when C．/; that D．/ ; / 2．（24-25高二下·天津南开·期末）We all believe that people ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy this exhibition. A．what B．whose C．who D．which 3．（24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）No amount of toys can make up for the love and attention ____________ every child needs. A．what B．that C．where D．whether 4．（22-23高二下·天津·阶段练习）People _______ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art Science Museum. A．that B．which C．whose D．what 5．（24-25高三上·天津·期末）Nowadays, lots of universities share teaching resources online, creating a learning space ______ benefits life-long learners. A．which B．who C．where D．what 6．（24-25高二上·天津·期末）We are talking about the famous writer and his new novel ______ attract so many students. A．whose B．who C．that D．which 7．（24-25高一上·天津河北·期末）The Great Wall of China ________ stretches over 13,000 miles is considered one of the most impressive ancient defense systems in the world. A．that B．what C．where D．why 8．（24-25高一上·天津西青·期末）The neighbor ______ walks his dog every morning always greets everyone with a smile. A．whom B．who C．which D．what 9．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）I’m not interested in a job ________ keeps me tied to a desk throughout the day. A．when B．where C．whose D．which 10．（24-25高一上·天津南开·期末）Tom was the only person ______ was present at that time, so the police questioned him about the accident. A．whom B．which C．whose D．that 11．（24-25高一上·天津南开·期末）The reason ______ she gave for being late was that her car broke down on the way. A．why B．for which C．that D．as 12．（24-25高二上·天津和平·期末）The company exports fifty percent of the energy ______ it generates at this factory. A．what B．that C．where D．how 13．（24-25高二上·天津·期末）The company __________ we recently collaborated with on the new project has expanded its operations into international markets. A．when B．where C．what D．that 14．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）This cafe has a relaxing, homelike atmosphere ________ the majority of other cafes are short of. A．where B．which C．when D．as 15．（23-24高二下·天津河北·期末）China is playing an increasingly important role in UN peacekeeping and it has trained 8,000 troops __________ are kept on standby for UN missions. A．who B．where C．whomever D．how 16．（23-24高一下·天津南开·期末）The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination. A．that B．which C．what D．whose 17．（23-24高一下·上海·期中）Do you still remember the days ____we spent together in America? A．when B．during which C．which D．on which 18．（23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. A．which B．who C．where D．when 19．（23-24高一上·广东汕头·期末）I will never forget the day _______ I first went into the senior high school, _______ was greater than I could expect. A．when; which B．that; which C．which; where D．when; as 20．（23-24高一上·天津·期末）High-Speed Railway ______ highest speed can reach about 400 km/h greatly benefits whoever takes it. A．whose B．that C．when D．where 二．语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Anne Tyler’s novel The Accidental Tourist features a character craze for money is arguable. 2．（23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习）Amy can’t forget the company and the manager she visited in Shanghai years ago. 3．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）Happiness is the greatest wealth one can pursue. 4．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）In our childhood, we have a great fondness for chicken soup flavor becomes tied up with the feeling of being taken care of. 5．（24-25高二下·江西南昌·期末）The company recalled the smartphone battery was found to overheat during charging. 6．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The people are dangerously overweight should take immediate action to lose weight properly. 7．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The ancient library I visited last summer was tragically destroyed in a fire. 8．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The ancient tree branches stretch out toward the sunlight has become a symbol of longevity. 9．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The only mystery remains unsolved is how the pyramids of Egypt were built with such precision. 10．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）Did you know the man is standing at the school gate? 11.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 12.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 13.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, _________accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 14.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 15.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 16.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 17.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 18. （2024北京卷）Tinniswood, _________ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 19.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 20.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 21.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 22.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 23.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. （25-26高二上·安徽合肥·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese calligraphy, 1 is not only a feast for the eyes but also a carrier of culture, has a history of thousands of years. Yang Shilin, 2 honorable calligrapher, is one of the most dedicated artists in reviving people’s passion for this art form. His exhibition, Dao in Emptiness and Stillness, at the National Art Museum of China, displays works 3 (reflect) his decades of artistic exploration. His works, combining the beauty of form and the 4 (deep) of philosophy, encourage people to think about the harmony between man and nature. The strokes in his calligraphic pieces, integrating various historical styles, convey a charm that goes   5 literal (字面上的) meanings. “Calligraphy should lead viewers into a spiritual journey,” says Yang. “When people appreciate the works, their inner peace 6 (awaken) gradually.” In his creation, every brush movement is a deliberate act. He tries to let the energy of the brush follow his inspiration 7 (perfect) the work. The exhibition, with its elegant arrangements and profound artworks, has attracted many visitors. It is the balance between tradition and innovation, the beauty in   8 (artistic) designed layouts, 9 the emotional resonance (共鸣) from each piece that make it a remarkable event. Visitors can also enjoy digitally 10 (present) videos about his creative process. （23-24高一上·天津滨海新·期末）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 The Christmas holidays were fast approaching, and we had ordered many gifts online, So when the doorbell rang, I was sure some of the packages had arrived. I ran to the door, but no one was there. T sensed something and looked down, only to find a beautiful calico kitten (杂色猫) sitting there, looking up at me with big, intelligent eyes. There was no way that she could have rung the doorbell by herself. We figured that someone had found the kitten somewhere and left her there, and then rang the doorbell and ran away. They accurately guessed we would welcome an additional family member and take care of her. My husband called her our little angel, so we named her Angelica. She turned out to be the perfect companion. Always by my side, she was more like a puppy than a kitten. She had plenty of energy that made every day special. As the days went by, Angelica filled our home with joy and she indeed was a blessing to me. Angelica was brave, too. One snowy evening, I noticed Angelica behaving strangely. She constantly scratched (用爪刨) at our back door. With a sense of curiosity, I followed her outside. To my surprise, I found an old woman, my neighbor, Mrs. Jensen, fallen in the snow, unable to get up. Thanks to Angelica’s cleverness, we got to Mrs. Jensen just in time. The warmth of Angelica nestled (偎依着) into her, keeping her safe until help arrived. That night, Angelica was not just my brave calico kitten, but an angel. The bond between us deepened greatly as I thanked my little angel, who had saved not just a neighbor, but filled our lives with love, laughter, and warmth. 1．Why did someone leave the kitten at the door of the author? (no more than 15 words) 2．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 2 words) 3．Who did Angelica help save one snowy evening? (no more than 10 words) 4．How did Angelica change the author’s life? (no more than 10 words) 5．Do you like small animals? Why? (no more than 20 words) 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业06 定语从句1（关系代词） 1.定语从句的定义 在复合句中，用于修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词包括关系代词who（宾格whom，所有格whose），that，which和关系副词where，when，why等。 The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday.穿着黑色外套的男孩昨天买了一个iPod. The noodles that/which my mother cooked were delicious.我妈妈煮的面条很好吃。 The school where I learned judo was very large.我学习柔道的学校非常大。 I remember the day when our band was formed.我记得我们乐队成立的日子。 I don’t know the reason why she got so angry this morning.我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气。 说明：这几个例子中，先行词分别是boy，noodles，school，day，reason。 加下划线的部分为定语从句。 处在先行词和定语从句之间的who，that和which是关系代词，where，when和why是关系代词。 2.限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句又称为限制性定语从句，它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的主语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意义。限定性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。 Do you know the girl who just came in?你认识刚才进来的那个女孩吗？ Shanghai is a city (that) I’ve always wanted to visit.上海是一座我一直想要去游览的城市。 Her sister married a man (who/whom/that) she met on a plane.她的姐姐嫁给了一个她在飞机上认识的人。 The time when I first met Mr.White was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到怀特先生的时候，我正处于一生中非常艰难的时期。 3.关系代词的用法 在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1.关系代词who和whom的用法 两者都用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。 1.基本用法 who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”。 Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas.约翰尼是一个经常会有新奇想法的人。（关系代词who在从句中作主语） The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang.获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江。 She is the girl who/whom I will go to Shanghai with.她就是要和我一起去上海的那个女孩。（关系代词在从句中作宾语，who可以替whom） The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr.Depp. =The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Depp.刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生。 说明：因为把介词to提到宾语从句的句首，所以只能用whom，而不能用who。 We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients,most of whom are children.我们要去医院看病人，这些病人大多数都是儿童。 2.只用who而不用that的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时可以通用，但在下列情况下只能用who，而不能用that。 A.先行词是one，ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。 The ones who flatter me don’t please me.那些奉承我的人并不能取悦于我。 Anyone who laughs last laughs best.笑到最后的人是笑得最好的人。 Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何不能完成指定任务的人，都应受到批评。 B.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 对于那些在地震中为营救生还者而辛苦工作的人，任何言语都无法表达我们的感激之情。 C.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew uup in western Yunnan province.昨天我在街上遇到一个在云南西部长大的女孩。 D.一个句子中带有两个定语从句时， 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.昨晚你遇见的那个男孩是个学习非常努力的组长。 E.在there be开头的句子中，宜用who。 There is a young man who wants to see your father.有个年轻人想要见你父亲。 There are many old men who are against this plan.有许多老人反对这个计划。 There was a king who was kind to his people.有一位国王，他对他的臣民很仁慈。 2.关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。 Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company? =Do you know Peter?His father happens to be working in your company.你认识彼得吗？他的父亲恰巧正在你们公司工作。 The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south. =The tourist wanted to book a room the window of which faces south. =The tourist wanted to book a room.The room’s window faces south.这位游客想要预订一间窗户朝南的房间。 We went to see our teacher Miss Styles,whose husband lost his life in the earthquake. 我们去看望了我们的老师斯泰尔斯小姐，她的丈夫在地震中丧生了。 Xi’an,whose walls remain as good as before,is one of the few cities with city walls.西安是少数几座有城墙的城市之一，它的城墙保持得和以前一样好。 3.关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。 1.在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。 They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。 2.限定性定语从句中只用that而不用which的情况 A.主句已有疑问句who或which时 Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you?旅馆前面的小汽车中哪辆属于你？ Who is the man that is sitting by the lake?坐在湖边的男人是谁？ B.先行词既有人又有物时 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.他谈到了他访问过的学校和老师。 The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.撞倒一位老人的那辆自行车和骑车人都被送到了警察局。 C.先行词为all，much，few，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时 It’s easy to do the repair.All that you need is a hammer and some nails.做修理很容易。你所需要的全部东西是一把锤子和一些钉子。 We haven’t got much that we can offer you.我们没有太多能向你们提供的东西。 I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised.我想告诉你一件会使你感到惊奇的事。 D.先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution.这是用来防止污染的最好的办法。 Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across.波莉是我所见到的最直爽的年轻女性。 E.先行词有序数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met.这是他们第三次见面。 The first time that Lester saw the film,he made up his mind to become a director.莱特斯第一次观看那部电影时，就下定决心要成为一名导演。 F.先行词有the very，the only，the same，any，few，little，no，all，one of等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening.这正是我那天晚上睡过的房间。 Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.李明是惟一一个想当老师的人。 The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.我们惟一能够做的，就是给你一些钱。 G.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.爱迪生建了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。 3.只用which而不用that的情况 A.引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that （正）The fish,which I bought this morning,is very fresh. （误）The fish,that I bought this morning,is very fresh.我今天早上买的鱼很新鲜。 My house,which I bought two years ago,has got a lovely garden.我两年前买的那幢房子，带一座漂亮的花园。 Jim passed the driving test,which surprised everybody in the office.吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使得办公室里的每一个人都很惊讶。 注意：在非限定性定语从句中，有时关系代词是指代整个句子，而不是指代一个单词，本句中which指代“吉姆通过了驾驶考试”这件事。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多，这当然使得其他孩子嫉妒他。 说明：本句中，which指代“海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多”这件事。 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,most of which are sold abroad.这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，大都销往国外。 补充：which前常用none/neither/most/both/each/all/a little of等词修饰。 London,which is the capital of the UK,is a very beautiful city.英国的首都伦敦是一座非常美丽的城市。 B.在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等现实的境地。 This is the hotel in which you will stay. =This is the hotel (which/that) you will stay in.这就是你将要住的旅馆。 说明：在这句话中，介词in放在了句子的后面，那么关系代词既可以用which，也可以用that，还可以省略。 C.在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，那么另一句的关系词就需用which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。 4.关系代词which和that的用法总结 which和that在定语从句中作关系代词的主要区别 which ①可用于非限定性定语从句中，代替物、整个句子或主句中的一部分 ②可用于介词之后，构成“介词+which” that 不能用于上述两种情况 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．单项选择 1．（24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期末）— I think we have met the idiom before. — Yes. It was in the reading material _________ we read yesterday _________we met it. A．where; when B．that; when C．/; that D．/ ; / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：——我认为我们之前见过这个习语。——是的。正是在我们昨天读的阅读材料里我们见到了它。第一空处“we read yesterday”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the reading material”，关系词将其代入定语从句中作宾语，可用关系代词that引导从句，可省略；第二空处，整句使用强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，强调原句地点状语“in the reading material that we read yesterday”，其他部分用that引出。故选C项。 2．（24-25高二下·天津南开·期末）We all believe that people ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy this exhibition. A．what B．whose C．who D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们都相信，那些对探索艺术与科学之间关系感兴趣的人会喜欢这个展览。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少定语，修饰先行词people，且先行词与interest之间为所属关系，表示“……的”，所以此处使用关系代词whose引导。故选B。 3．（24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）No amount of toys can make up for the love and attention ____________ every child needs. A．what B．that C．where D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：再多的玩具也无法弥补每个孩子所需要的爱和关注。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the love and attention，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作needs的宾语，B项的关系代词that可作引导词。故选B。 4．（22-23高二下·天津·阶段练习）People _______ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art Science Museum. A．that B．which C．whose D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对探索艺术与科学之间关系感兴趣的人会喜欢新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词People，在从句中作定语成分，修饰interest，所以为关系代词whose引导。故选C项。 5．（24-25高三上·天津·期末）Nowadays, lots of universities share teaching resources online, creating a learning space ______ benefits life-long learners. A．which B．who C．where D．what 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如今，许多大学在网上共享教学资源，创造了一个有利于终身学习者的学习空间。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是space，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选A。 6．（24-25高二上·天津·期末）We are talking about the famous writer and his new novel ______ attract so many students. A．whose B．who C．that D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们正在谈论那位著名的作家和他吸引了众多学生的新小说。句中先行词为the famous writer and his new novel，既有人又有物，在定语从句中作主语，此时关系词只能用that。故选C。 7．（24-25高一上·天津河北·期末）The Great Wall of China ________ stretches over 13,000 miles is considered one of the most impressive ancient defense systems in the world. A．that B．what C．where D．why 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：绵延13000多英里的中国长城被认为是世界上最令人印象深刻的古代防御系统之一。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词The Great Wall of China指的是事物，所以此处使用关系代词that或which。故选A项。 8．（24-25高一上·天津西青·期末）The neighbor ______ walks his dog every morning always greets everyone with a smile. A．whom B．who C．which D．what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：每天早上遛狗的邻居总是微笑着和每个人打招呼。此处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the neighbor，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故选B。 9．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）I’m not interested in a job ________ keeps me tied to a desk throughout the day. A．when B．where C．whose D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我对整天坐在办公桌前的工作不感兴趣。空处引导定语从句，先行词是job，关系词在从句中作主语，可使用关系代词which引导，故选D。 10．（24-25高一上·天津南开·期末）Tom was the only person ______ was present at that time, so the police questioned him about the accident. A．whom B．which C．whose D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆是当时唯一在场的人，所以警察就事故询问了他。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为person，指人，在从句中作主语，用 that引导定语从句，故选D项。 11．（24-25高一上·天津南开·期末）The reason ______ she gave for being late was that her car broke down on the way. A．why B．for which C．that D．as 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她给出的迟到的原因是她的车在途中坏了。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是reason，从句中充当gave的宾语，应该使用that或者which引导从句。故选C项。 12．（24-25高二上·天津和平·期末）The company exports fifty percent of the energy ______ it generates at this factory. A．what B．that C．where D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个公司在这个工厂生产的能源有百分之五十出口。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词energy是物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which，故选B。 13．（24-25高二上·天津·期末）The company __________ we recently collaborated with on the new project has expanded its operations into international markets. A．when B．where C．what D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们最近在新项目上合作的公司已将其业务扩展到国际市场。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the company，指物，关系词在从句中作with的宾语，因此用关系代词that或which引导。故选D。 14．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）This cafe has a relaxing, homelike atmosphere ________ the majority of other cafes are short of. A．where B．which C．when D．as 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家咖啡馆有一种轻松、像家一样的氛围，这是大多数其他咖啡馆所缺乏的。分析句子，此处的先行词是a relaxing, homelike atmosphere，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词用which/that。故选B项。 15．（23-24高二下·天津河北·期末）China is playing an increasingly important role in UN peacekeeping and it has trained 8,000 troops __________ are kept on standby for UN missions. A．who B．where C．whomever D．how 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国在联合国维和行动中发挥着越来越重要的作用，已经训练了8000名随时待命的联合国维和部队。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是8,000 troops，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故选A。 16．（23-24高一下·天津南开·期末）The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination. A．that B．which C．what D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该奖项将授予故事最富想象力的作家。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the writer，先行词从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。故选D项。 17．（23-24高一下·上海·期中）Do you still remember the days ____we spent together in America? A．when B．during which C．which D．on which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们在美国一起度过的日子吗?先行词为the days ，作定语从句中spent的宾语，关系代词为which。故选C项。 18．（23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. A．which B．who C．where D．when 【答案】A 【详解】考查关系代词。句意：最终，他到达了一个孤岛，这个岛完全与外界隔绝。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词“a lonely island”；设空处指代先行词在定语从句中作主语，指物，此定语从句用关系代词which/that引导。故选A项。 19．（23-24高一上·广东汕头·期末）I will never forget the day _______ I first went into the senior high school, _______ was greater than I could expect. A．when; which B．that; which C．which; where D．when; as 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我第一次进入高中的那一天，比我想象的要棒。第一空引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词the days，设空处指代先行词在从句中充当时间状语，用关系副词when引导；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，设空处指代空前整个句子阐述的事情，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。as也可以引导非限定性定语从句，但是as是“正如，就像”的意思，与句意不符。故选A项。 20．（23-24高一上·天津·期末）High-Speed Railway ______ highest speed can reach about 400 km/h greatly benefits whoever takes it. A．whose B．that C．when D．where 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：高速铁路的最高速度可以达到400公里/小时左右，这对乘坐它的人来说是一个巨大的好处。分析句子可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Railway，且关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose。故选A项。 二．语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Anne Tyler’s novel The Accidental Tourist features a character craze for money is arguable. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：安妮・泰勒的小说《意外的旅客》刻画了一个角色，其对金钱的狂热程度颇具争议。定语从句修饰先行词character，character与craze构成所属关系，关系词在从句作定语，应使用whose引导从句。故填whose。 2．（23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习）Amy can’t forget the company and the manager she visited in Shanghai years ago. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：埃米无法忘记多年前在上海拜访过的那家公司和那位经理。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the company and the manager，即先行词包含人和物，从句缺少宾语，只能用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 3．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）Happiness is the greatest wealth one can pursue. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福是一个人可以追求的最大财富。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰指物的先行词wealth，且先行词被形容词最高级the greatest修饰，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，此时只能用关系代词that引导该定语从句。故填that。 4．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）In our childhood, we have a great fondness for chicken soup flavor becomes tied up with the feeling of being taken care of. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：在我们的童年时代，我们非常喜欢鸡汤，它的味道与被照顾的感觉紧密相连。先行词为chicken soup，在定语从句中作定语。关系代词为whose。故填whose。 5．（24-25高二下·江西南昌·期末）The company recalled the smartphone battery was found to overheat during charging. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该公司召回了电池在充电时过热的智能手机。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词smartphone在从句中作battery的定语成分，所以为关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 6．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The people are dangerously overweight should take immediate action to lose weight properly. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：体重严重超标的人应该立即采取适当的措施来减肥。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为The people，指人，引导词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that来引导。故填who/that。 7．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The ancient library I visited last summer was tragically destroyed in a fire. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我去年夏天参观的那座古老图书馆在一场火灾中不幸被毁。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为“the ancient library”，指物，且关系词在从句中作visited的宾语，因此应用关系代词。故填that/which。 8．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The ancient tree branches stretch out toward the sunlight has become a symbol of longevity. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那棵古树的树枝向阳光伸展，已成为长寿的象征。“______ branches stretch out toward the sunlight”为定语从句，先行词是The ancient tree，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作定语，修饰branches，和branches之间是所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 9．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The only mystery remains unsolved is how the pyramids of Egypt were built with such precision. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：唯一一个仍未解开的谜团是埃及金字塔是如何建造得如此精确的。空处引导定语从句，先行词为mystery，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，先行词前有the only修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 10．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）Did you know the man is standing at the school gate? 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你认识那个正站在学校门口的男人吗？“_______ is standing at the school gate”是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the man，指人，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that引导从句。故填who/that。 11.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 12.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词clothing，并在从句中作package和offer的宾语，故填which。 13.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, _________accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 14.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 15.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 16.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which。 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 17.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 18. （2024北京卷）Tinniswood, _________ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 19.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】 which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 20.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 【答案】 whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 21.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 22.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 23.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】 that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 （25-26高二上·安徽合肥·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese calligraphy, 1 is not only a feast for the eyes but also a carrier of culture, has a history of thousands of years. Yang Shilin, 2 honorable calligrapher, is one of the most dedicated artists in reviving people’s passion for this art form. His exhibition, Dao in Emptiness and Stillness, at the National Art Museum of China, displays works 3 (reflect) his decades of artistic exploration. His works, combining the beauty of form and the 4 (deep) of philosophy, encourage people to think about the harmony between man and nature. The strokes in his calligraphic pieces, integrating various historical styles, convey a charm that goes   5 literal (字面上的) meanings. “Calligraphy should lead viewers into a spiritual journey,” says Yang. “When people appreciate the works, their inner peace 6 (awaken) gradually.” In his creation, every brush movement is a deliberate act. He tries to let the energy of the brush follow his inspiration 7 (perfect) the work. The exhibition, with its elegant arrangements and profound artworks, has attracted many visitors. It is the balance between tradition and innovation, the beauty in   8 (artistic) designed layouts, 9 the emotional resonance (共鸣) from each piece that make it a remarkable event. Visitors can also enjoy digitally 10 (present) videos about his creative process. 【答案】1．which 2．an 3．reflecting 4．depth 5．beyond 6．is awakened 7．to perfect 8．artistically 9．and 10．presented 【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国书法历史悠久，兼具美感与文化内涵。书法家杨士林的作品展融合形美与哲思，以传统创新之平衡和数字影像，吸引众多观众。 1．考查定语从句。句意：中国书法不仅是一场视觉的盛宴，更是一种文化的载体，其历史已有数千年之久。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chinese calligraphy，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。 2．考查冠词。句意：杨士林是一位德高望重的书法家，也是致力于重新唤起人们对这门艺术形式热爱的艺术家之一。此处calligrapher为泛指，且honorable是发音以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词用an。故填an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的展览“道在虚静”在中国国家美术馆举行，该展览展示了他数十年来的艺术探索成果。此处works与reflect构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填reflecting。 4．考查名词。句意：他的作品将形式之美与哲学之深融为一体，激励人们思考人与自然之间的和谐关系。作宾语，用名词depth，与beauty并列。故填depth。 5．考查介词。句意：他书法作品中的笔触融合了多种历史风格，所展现出的韵味超出了字面意义的范畴。短语go beyond表示“超出”。故填beyond。 6．考查时态语态。句意：“当人们欣赏这些作品时，他们内心的平静便会逐渐被唤醒。”主语peace与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文When people appreciate the works可知为一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is awakened。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图让毛笔的笔触顺着自己的灵感自然流淌，从而将作品打磨得尽善尽美。此处perfect作目的状语，用不定式。故填to perfect。 8．考查副词。句意：正是传统与创新之间的平衡、精心设计的艺术布局所展现出的美感，以及每一件作品所引发的情感共鸣，使得它成为一场非凡的盛会。修饰过去分词designed用副词artistically。故填artistically。 9．考查连词。句意：正是传统与创新之间的平衡、精心设计的艺术布局所展现出的美感，以及每一件作品所引发的情感共鸣，使得它成为一场非凡的盛会。此处balance、beauty、resonance三者并列用连词and。故填and。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：游客们还可以观看以数字形式呈现的有关他创作过程的视频。videos与present为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填presented。 （23-24高一上·天津滨海新·期末）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 The Christmas holidays were fast approaching, and we had ordered many gifts online, So when the doorbell rang, I was sure some of the packages had arrived. I ran to the door, but no one was there. T sensed something and looked down, only to find a beautiful calico kitten (杂色猫) sitting there, looking up at me with big, intelligent eyes. There was no way that she could have rung the doorbell by herself. We figured that someone had found the kitten somewhere and left her there, and then rang the doorbell and ran away. They accurately guessed we would welcome an additional family member and take care of her. My husband called her our little angel, so we named her Angelica. She turned out to be the perfect companion. Always by my side, she was more like a puppy than a kitten. She had plenty of energy that made every day special. As the days went by, Angelica filled our home with joy and she indeed was a blessing to me. Angelica was brave, too. One snowy evening, I noticed Angelica behaving strangely. She constantly scratched (用爪刨) at our back door. With a sense of curiosity, I followed her outside. To my surprise, I found an old woman, my neighbor, Mrs. Jensen, fallen in the snow, unable to get up. Thanks to Angelica’s cleverness, we got to Mrs. Jensen just in time. The warmth of Angelica nestled (偎依着) into her, keeping her safe until help arrived. That night, Angelica was not just my brave calico kitten, but an angel. The bond between us deepened greatly as I thanked my little angel, who had saved not just a neighbor, but filled our lives with love, laughter, and warmth. 1．Why did someone leave the kitten at the door of the author? (no more than 15 words) 2．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 2 words) 3．Who did Angelica help save one snowy evening? (no more than 10 words) 4．How did Angelica change the author’s life? (no more than 10 words) 5．Do you like small animals? Why? (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．Because he guessed the author’s family would welcome her and look after her. 2．Good fortune. 3．The author’s neighbor, Mrs. Jensen. 4．Angelica brought joy and positivity into her life. 5．Yes. Because the lovely and innocent animals bring love to everyone loving them. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者一家意外收养了一只漂亮的小花猫，取名为安吉莉卡，安吉莉卡给这个家庭带来了很多爱与欢乐，她也很勇敢聪明，曾经帮助作者在一个雪夜救了邻居詹森夫人。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“They accurately guessed we would welcome an additional family member and take care of her.(他们准确地猜到了我们会欢迎另一个家庭成员并照顾她。)”可知，有人把小猫放在作者的门口是因为他猜想作者一家会欢迎她并照顾她。故答案为：Because he guessed the author’s family would welcome her and look after her. 2．考查词句猜测。根据第二段前四句“My husband called her our little angel, so we named her Angelica. She turned out to be the perfect companion. Always by my side, she was more like a puppy than a kitten. She had plenty of energy that made every day special.(我丈夫叫她我们的小天使，所以我们给她取名安吉莉卡。她是个完美的伴侣。她总是在我身边，更像一只小狗而不是小猫。她精力充沛，每天都很特别。)”和最后一句中的“Angelica filled our home with joy and(安吉莉卡让我们家充满了欢乐并且)”可知，此处是指安吉莉卡给作者带来了好运，所以blessing意为“好运”。故答案为：Good fortune. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段最后四句“One snowy evening, I noticed Angelica behaving strangely. She constantly scratched (用爪刨) at our back door. With a sense of curiosity, I followed her outside. To my surprise, I found an old woman, my neighbor, Mrs. Jensen, fallen in the snow, unable to get up.(一个下雪的晚上，我注意到安吉莉卡举止奇怪。她不停地抓我们的后门。带着好奇，我跟着她走了出去。令我吃惊的是，我发现一位老妇人，我的邻居詹森夫人，倒在雪地里，站不起来了。)”可知，安吉莉卡在一个雪夜帮忙救了作者的邻居詹森夫人。故答案为：The author’s neighbor, Mrs. Jensen. 4．考查细节理解。根据最后一段最后一句“The bond between us deepened greatly as I thanked my little angel, who had saved not just a neighbor, but filled our lives with love, laughter, and warmth.(当我感谢我的小天使时，我们之间的纽带加深了，她不仅拯救了一个邻居，而且让我们的生活充满了爱、欢笑和温暖。)”可知，安吉莉卡给作者的生活带来了快乐和积极。故答案为：Angelica brought joy and positivity into her life. 5．考查开放性回答。根据问题可知，应先回答是否喜欢小动物，再说明原因。故答案为：Yes. Because the lovely and innocent animals bring love to everyone loving them. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $