寒假作业10 动词过去分词（巩固培优）高一英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业10 动词过去分词 过去分词属于非谓语动词的一种。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，在句中可作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。本章是动词不定式，动词-ing形式内容的延续，除了介绍过去分词的用法和独立主格外，还将深入讲解这三类非谓语动词在用法上的区别。 典型例句：1.The concert given by their friends was a success.（过去分词作定语） 他们的朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 2.Yesterday I had my leg broken.（过去分词作宾补） 昨天我的腿骨折了。 3.She is quite pleased with the design of the dress.（过去分词作表语） 她很喜欢那件礼服的样式。 过去分词作表语 1.过去分词作表语的基本用法 过去分词作表语表示主语的特征或所处的状态，主语通常是人。作表语用的过去分词很大一部分都来自与人的情绪有关的动词。 amused开心的 astonished惊讶的 broken破碎的 crowded拥挤的 delighted欣喜的 discouraged气馁的 excited兴奋的 finished完成的 frightened受惊的 hurt受伤的 injured受伤的 inspired有灵感的 shut关着的 lost丢失的，迷路的 married已婚的 interested感兴趣的 retired退休的 satisfied感到满意的 pleased高兴的，满足的 tired疲劳的，累的 well-known有名的 worried烦恼的，焦虑的 wounded受伤的 A:How did the audience receive the new play?观众对这部新剧反应如何？ B:They got very excited.他们非常激动。 A:How did Bob do in the exams this time?这次鲍伯考得怎么样？ B:Well,his father seems pleased with his results.哦，他父亲似乎对于他的成绩感到满意。 She got very tired.她感到很疲劳。 2.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别 这两种不同语法功能的句子在形式上是一样的，都是由“be+动词的过去分词”构成，有时很容易混淆。它们的具体区别如下： A.从表示的含义上来区分 作表语的过去分词 表示主语的特征或所处的状态 被动语态中的过去分词 表示以主语为承受者的动作 The blackboard is broken.这块黑板坏了。 （系表结构，broken表示主语the blackboard所处的状态。） The blackboard was broken/has been broken by Li Ming.这块黑板是李明弄坏的。 （被动语态，broken表示the blackboard承受的动作。） B.从时态上来区分 作表语的过去分词 只用于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和过去进行时 被动语态中的过去分词 除不能用于完成进行时和将来进行时，可用于其他任何时态 C.从时态的一致性上来区分 作表语的过去分词 其时态不需要保持一致 被动语态中的过去分词 其时态要与相应主动语态的时态保持一致 The blackboard is broken.（系表结构） The blackboard was broken by Li Ming.（被动语态） →Li Ming broke the blackboard.（主动语态） D.“be+动词的过去分词”，有时是系表结构，而不是被动语态，因为此时的过去分词已经形容词化了。常用于系表结构的过去分词有： astonished感到吃惊的 educated受过教育的 excited兴奋的 fallen落下的 frightened受惊的 gone过去的，消失的 interested感兴趣的 known著名的 learned有学问的 mistaken误解的，弄错的 retired退休的 returned已归来的 risen升起来的 upset心烦的 My watch is gone.我的手表不见了。 It’s not my fault.You are mistaken.这不是我的过错，你误会了。 2.过去分词作定语 1.过去分词作定语时的位置 A.当单个的过去分词作定语时，一般位于所修饰的名词之前，但有时为了强调动作，也可放在它所修饰词的后面。 Look at the broken glasses.（过去分词+名词）看看那些碎了的玻璃杯。 All the phones broken have been repaired.（名词+过去分词）所有坏掉的电话都已经修好了。 B.当过去分词短语作定语时，位于被修饰名词的后面。 I have a radio made in China.我有一台国产的收音机。 The little girl dressed in white is Mary.穿白衣服的小姑娘是玛丽。 比较：一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，其过去分词修饰人。 a surprising result一个惊人的结果 surprised girls吃惊的姑娘们 tiring music烦人的音乐 a tired man一个疲倦的人 When they heard the exciting news,they got excited.Then the excited people shouted loudly and cheered.当他们听到这一激动人心的消息时，他们变得激动起来。然后这些激动的人们大声地叫喊、欢呼。 2.使用过去分词作定语的场合 因为过去分词只有一种形式，而它又包含完成和被动意味，所以只要符合下列条件便可使用过去分词作定语。 A.过去分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。 This is a picture painted by my father.（painted所表示的动作发生在谓语动词is之前。） =This is a picture that was painted by my father.这是一张我父亲画的画。 B.过去分词表示的动作是没有一定时间性的。 Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.进口的商品并不一定比国产的好。 3.过去分词作宾语补足语 宾语补足语，又简称为宾补，跟在宾语后面，是用来补充说明宾语意义的成分。过去分词可以作宾补，通常用在一些感官动词、使役动词或状态动词的宾语后面，与宾语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 1.过去分词用在感官动词的后面 We heard the windows beaten by rain drops.我们听到雨点敲打窗户的声音。 When he got to school,he saw the door locked.当他到学校时，他看见门锁着。 2.过去分词用在使役动词的后面 常用的使役动词有have，get，make等。 A.过去分词在动词have和get后面作宾补时，表示这个动作不是由主语完成的，而是由别人完成的。 You’d better have/get the dangerous building pulled down.（是由别人完成的） 你最好叫人把这座危楼推倒。 I had/got a decayed tooth pulled off.（是由别人完成的）我把我的一颗蛀牙拔了。 How often do you have/get your hair cut?（不是自己理的）你多久理一次发？ B.过去分词在动词have和get后面作宾补时，还可以表示这是主语的一种经历，这时请根据上下文来领会句子的意义。 I had my left arm broken yesterday.昨天我的左胳膊摔断了。 （这是主语的一种遭遇，经历，不可能是主语叫别人做的事。） Li Ming had his bike stolen.李明的自行车被偷了。 C.“make oneself+过去分词”作宾补时一般表示结果。常用于以下搭配： make oneself heard使别人听得见某人自己的话 make oneself understood使别人听懂某人自己讲的话 I didn’t make myself heard because a lot of people cried in the hall. 因为大厅中有许多人大声喊叫，所以我讲话别人听不见。 3.过去分词用在表状态的动词keep和leave等后 Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.少说多看。 Don’t leave the door broken like this all the time.不要让大门一直这样坏着。 4.过去分词作状语 1.过去分词作状语的基本用法 过去分词和过去分词短语也可以在句子中作状语，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。但该状语一般表示一个次要的动作。并且，它一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。 Asked how old she was,Mary said it was a secret.（Asked表时间） 当被问到年龄时，玛丽说那是个秘密。 Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides,the boys ran into the building. （Confused表原因）从四面八方向男孩们飞来的石头把他们弄糊涂了，于是他们跑进了那幢大楼里。 Given more water,the fish couldn’t die.（Given表条件）如果多给些水，这些鱼就不会死。 Even though defeated again,the scientist didn’t give up.（defeated表让步） 尽管又失败了，这位科学家仍没有放弃。 Seen from a spaceship,the earth looks like a blue green white ball.（Seen表时间/条件） 从飞船上看，地球像一个蓝色、绿色、白色相间的大球。 2.关于过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语 A.过去分词或动词-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语应是句子的主语。此外，过去分词与句子的主语之间应是动宾关系，而动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间应是主谓关系。 从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。 过去分词短语作状语： Seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.（句子的主语是the city） =If/When it is seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.（从句与主句的主语一致） 动词-ing短语作状语： Seeing from the hill,you can see the whole city is beautiful.（句子的主语是you） =If/When you see from the hill,the city is beautiful.（从句与主句的主语不同） B.过去分词短语或动词-ing短语所表示的动作如果和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，则要放在句首；如果它表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，则要放在句尾。 Finding the door locked,Tom went home.（原因）看到门锁着，汤姆就回家去了。 Tom went home,finding the door locked.（结果）汤姆回到家，发现门锁着。 切记：一般来讲，表示时间、原因、条件、让步等的分词短语多放在句首，而表示结果、伴随的分词短语多放在句尾。 Not knowing her address,I can’t write to her.（原因）因为不知道她的住址，我没法给她写信。 The old woman died in 1967,leaving her sons a lot of money.（结果） 这位老妇人于1967年去世，给她的儿子们留下了一大笔钱。 Greatly moved by the hero,she decided to study harder.（原因） 被英雄人物深深地感动，她决心更加努力地学习。 独立主格 我们在前面讲到过去分词（短语）和动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，它们的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时过去分词短语和动词-ing短语带有自己的主语（即它们之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系），这个逻辑上的主语一般是由名词或代词主格担任，放在过去分词短语和动词之间，我们称之为独立主格。一些含独立主格的句子可以转化为含状语从句的复合句。另一些含独立主格的句子则可以转化为含两个简单句的并列句。 独立主格：（正）It being Sunday,you needn’t go to school.（It是动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语） 说明：It being Sunday构成独立主格结构，在句子中作原因状语。 （误）Being Sunday,you needn’t go to school.今天是星期天，你不必去上学。 说明：being的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，所以此句是错误的。 原因状语从句：Because it is Sunday,you needn’t go to school. （it是从句主语，you是主句主语）因为今天是星期天，所以你不必去上学。 独立主格：All the officials having arrived,the meeting was declared open. （All the officials是动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语）官员们都到齐了才宣布开会。 时间状语从句：After/When all the officials had arrived,the meeting was declared open. （all the officials是从句主语，the是主句主语）等官员们都到齐了才宣布开会。 补充：分词作独立主格时，前面有时可以加with或without。 The park is beautiful with all the trees putting on a tender green. 所有的树都变成了嫩绿色，使得公园很漂亮。 独立主格：Weather permitting,we’ll go to the Summer Palace the day after tomorrow. （Weather是动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语）天气允许的话，我们后天就去颐和园。 条件状语从句：If weather permits,we’ll go to the Summer Palace the day after tomorrow. （weather是从句主语，we是主句主语）如果天气允许的话，我们后天去颐和园。 独立主格：All the work done,you can have a rest. （All the work是过去分词逻辑上的主语） 并列句：All the work is done and you can have a rest.所有的工作都做完，你们就可以休息了。 独立主格：The plan carried out,everything is all right. （The plan是过去分词逻辑上的主语） 并列句：The plan is carried out and everything is all right.计划已经实施，一切进展顺利。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．单项选择 1．（24-25高二下·天津河东·期末）If you want to make yourself ________, you are above all to respect others. A．respect B．respected C．to respect D．respecting 2．（24-25高一下·天津西青·期末）________ by the team’s success, the boys worked even harder for the next competition. A．Encouraged B．To encourage C．Encouraging D．To be encouraged 3．（24-25高一下·天津西青·期末）After the party, the old couple found the house________, thanks to their kind friends. A．to clean B．cleaning C．to be cleaned D．cleaned 4．（24-25高二下·天津·期末）______ to leave their homes because of the volcanic eruption, the villagers looked very anxious. A．Having forced B．To be forced C．Forced D．Forcing 5．（24-25高一下·天津南开·期末）The novel by a famous Chinese writer in the 1980s has been translated into over 20 languages. A．to write B．writing C．written D．being written 6．（24-25高一下·天津·期末）UNICEF was founded on 11 December 1946 to provide food and healthcare to children in countries _______ in the Second World War. A．having been damaged B．damaged C．being damaged D．damaging 7．（24-25高一下·天津·期末）When properly ________by students, these strategies help them build confidence in public speaking. A．to accept B．accept C．accepting D．accepted 8．（24-25高一下·天津·期末）It has been twenty years, but I still remember the laughter-filled days ________ with my friends. A．to spend B．spent C．spending D．to be spent 9．（24-25高一下·天津河西·期末） by the success story he read in a popular business magazine, Tim decided to start his own business and follow his dream. A．Inspiring B．To inspire C．Inspired D．To be inspired 10．（24-25高一下·天津河北·期末）Seal cutting, long ______ as a key Chinese art form, requires both handwriting skills and very careful carving techniques. A．valuing B．valued C．to value D．being valued 11．（24-25高一下·天津和平·期末）Drug use is now thought to ________ about three-quarters of all ________ cases of HIV in that country. A．make for; reported B．account for; reporting C．make for; reporting D．account for; reported 12．（24-25高二下·广东广州·期中）There are some characters ________ in Jane Austen’s books in ________ lives a slight fall of snow is an event. A．found; her B．to find; whom C．found; whose D．finding; their 13．（24-25高二上·天津·期末）______ in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club. A．Occupying B．Occupied C．To occupy D．Being occupied 14．（24-25高三上·天津·期末）Due to the huge amount of constructional experience ______ over the past few years, China’s energy producers can grab a larger share of the global clean energy market. A．having accumulated B．being accumulated C．accumulated D．to be accumulated 15．（24-25高二上·天津·期末）All the people paid more attention to the reconstruction of the hospital seriously ______ in the terrible fire. A．to damage B．damaging C．having damaged D．damaged 二．语法填空 1．（24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末）Jane witnessed the whole process of holes in the roof (plug) with mud. 2．（24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）When the truck (load) with blankets and supplies arrived, the local people began to unload them. 3．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）A paper (publish) last week in Psychological Science brings a new kind of support to this idea. 4．（24-25高一下·河北秦皇岛·期末）He was the only foreigner (give) such an honor. 5．（24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）In order to get to know the growth of the new species, please keep me (inform) of any development. 6．（24-25高一下·内蒙古乌兰察布·期末）The scientist attended the meeting (hold) in the Great Hall of the People. 7．（24-25高一下·内蒙古乌兰察布·期末） （absorb）in writing a poem, the poet didn’t realize night was approaching. 8．（24-25高一下·吉林·期末）They use the same flag, (know) as the Union Jack. 9．（24-25高二下·河北衡水·期末）I get (refresh) through rock climbing, spend more time with my dad and get to meet new friends. 10．（24-25高一下·福建漳州·期末）I need to get my identity (confirm) before I can access the account. 11．（24-25高二下·福建福州·期末）Claire tried to help by working on a light (suspend) from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder. 12．（24-25高一下·黑龙江·期末） (surround) by crowds of reporters, the smart boy felt at a loss. 13．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 14．（24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末） (locate) at the west end of the city, the park has a lot of room for visitors to walk around. 15．（24-25高一下·福建福州·期末） (impress) with her fluent English, the manager offered Julie a job interview. （24-25高一上·河南·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 The 2024 Tianfu Book Fair, which just came to an end in Chengdu, has got both record sales and 1 record number of young visitors this year. More than 58 million people visited the four- day event online and offline. Many young readers carrying bags and notebooks 2 (see) at the fair. They went through stands 3 chose books carefully. Shi Haoran went straight to a stand for the special edition (版本) of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. This edition cleverly includes a lot of things 4 catch today’s young people’s attention. He bought five sets of books. He said that although the prices were high, he felt they were worth buying, adding that good books could be read 5 (repeated). Young people’s interest in books has changed much. “We have found that young people are very interested in 6 (tradition) Chinese culture. The market demand (需求) for that kind of book has got great 7 (grow),” says Yuan Ziqi, manager of a major Chinese publisher. “Many readers now not only buy books but also enjoy 8 (collect) related cultural products,” says Yuan Zizhan, a book editor. 9 the same time, anime (动漫) culture is also influencing young people’s reading habits. 10 (attract) more young readers, some publishers introduce anime series. This year’s fair hosted over 1,000 cultural events, covering various aspects such as reading sharing and author signings. （23-24高一上·天津·期末）阅读表达 I used to chase happiness a lot when I began to work. I would run after different experiences-goals, achievements and success, because I was quite sure that once I caught up with them, happiness would be with me. It was during that period that I learned happiness was a very fast runner. Later, I tried to sneak up on happiness. I thought if I didn’t care too little or too much but just enough, it wouldn’t see me coming and then I could catch it. It turned out that happiness is similar to owls, for both of them have 360-degree vision and extremely sharp hearing. Finally, I decided to sit still, very quietly, until happiness forgot I was there, let down its guard and got close to me. This, surprisingly, worked better than either of the other two ways. After reading a passage in Time, I think I know the reason. Apparently, for Americans, the chase of happiness is just linked to achieving individual goals which is different from that in other cultures. In many cultures, happiness is considered as a social phenomenon that happens most readily when it is shared. But our society puts the responsibility for catching happiness on each individual’s shoulders -a heavy burden indeed. On Facebook, there are a lot of unbelievably happy people doing amazing happiness—producing things every day. However, most of the time, no one is really that happy all the time behind the scenes. I also like what a famous business man told Time reporter Mandy Oaklander, “A happy life doesn’t consist of happy moments but every moment of the day.” Now you know how to get happiness, don’t you? 1．What did the author learn from his first period of chasing happiness? (no more than 10 words) 2．How do you understand the underlined words in Paragraph 2? (no more than 5 words) 3．What was the author’s approach to chasing happiness a third time? (no more than 15 words) 4．What does the chase of happiness mean to Americans? (no more than 6 words) . 5．Do you think you’re on the way to chasing happiness? Please explain. (no more than 25 words) . 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业10 动词过去分词 过去分词属于非谓语动词的一种。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，在句中可作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。本章是动词不定式，动词-ing形式内容的延续，除了介绍过去分词的用法和独立主格外，还将深入讲解这三类非谓语动词在用法上的区别。 典型例句：1.The concert given by their friends was a success.（过去分词作定语） 他们的朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 2.Yesterday I had my leg broken.（过去分词作宾补） 昨天我的腿骨折了。 3.She is quite pleased with the design of the dress.（过去分词作表语） 她很喜欢那件礼服的样式。 过去分词作表语 1.过去分词作表语的基本用法 过去分词作表语表示主语的特征或所处的状态，主语通常是人。作表语用的过去分词很大一部分都来自与人的情绪有关的动词。 amused开心的 astonished惊讶的 broken破碎的 crowded拥挤的 delighted欣喜的 discouraged气馁的 excited兴奋的 finished完成的 frightened受惊的 hurt受伤的 injured受伤的 inspired有灵感的 shut关着的 lost丢失的，迷路的 married已婚的 interested感兴趣的 retired退休的 satisfied感到满意的 pleased高兴的，满足的 tired疲劳的，累的 well-known有名的 worried烦恼的，焦虑的 wounded受伤的 A:How did the audience receive the new play?观众对这部新剧反应如何？ B:They got very excited.他们非常激动。 A:How did Bob do in the exams this time?这次鲍伯考得怎么样？ B:Well,his father seems pleased with his results.哦，他父亲似乎对于他的成绩感到满意。 She got very tired.她感到很疲劳。 2.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别 这两种不同语法功能的句子在形式上是一样的，都是由“be+动词的过去分词”构成，有时很容易混淆。它们的具体区别如下： A.从表示的含义上来区分 作表语的过去分词 表示主语的特征或所处的状态 被动语态中的过去分词 表示以主语为承受者的动作 The blackboard is broken.这块黑板坏了。 （系表结构，broken表示主语the blackboard所处的状态。） The blackboard was broken/has been broken by Li Ming.这块黑板是李明弄坏的。 （被动语态，broken表示the blackboard承受的动作。） B.从时态上来区分 作表语的过去分词 只用于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和过去进行时 被动语态中的过去分词 除不能用于完成进行时和将来进行时，可用于其他任何时态 C.从时态的一致性上来区分 作表语的过去分词 其时态不需要保持一致 被动语态中的过去分词 其时态要与相应主动语态的时态保持一致 The blackboard is broken.（系表结构） The blackboard was broken by Li Ming.（被动语态） →Li Ming broke the blackboard.（主动语态） D.“be+动词的过去分词”，有时是系表结构，而不是被动语态，因为此时的过去分词已经形容词化了。常用于系表结构的过去分词有： astonished感到吃惊的 educated受过教育的 excited兴奋的 fallen落下的 frightened受惊的 gone过去的，消失的 interested感兴趣的 known著名的 learned有学问的 mistaken误解的，弄错的 retired退休的 returned已归来的 risen升起来的 upset心烦的 My watch is gone.我的手表不见了。 It’s not my fault.You are mistaken.这不是我的过错，你误会了。 2.过去分词作定语 1.过去分词作定语时的位置 A.当单个的过去分词作定语时，一般位于所修饰的名词之前，但有时为了强调动作，也可放在它所修饰词的后面。 Look at the broken glasses.（过去分词+名词）看看那些碎了的玻璃杯。 All the phones broken have been repaired.（名词+过去分词）所有坏掉的电话都已经修好了。 B.当过去分词短语作定语时，位于被修饰名词的后面。 I have a radio made in China.我有一台国产的收音机。 The little girl dressed in white is Mary.穿白衣服的小姑娘是玛丽。 比较：一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，其过去分词修饰人。 a surprising result一个惊人的结果 surprised girls吃惊的姑娘们 tiring music烦人的音乐 a tired man一个疲倦的人 When they heard the exciting news,they got excited.Then the excited people shouted loudly and cheered.当他们听到这一激动人心的消息时，他们变得激动起来。然后这些激动的人们大声地叫喊、欢呼。 2.使用过去分词作定语的场合 因为过去分词只有一种形式，而它又包含完成和被动意味，所以只要符合下列条件便可使用过去分词作定语。 A.过去分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。 This is a picture painted by my father.（painted所表示的动作发生在谓语动词is之前。） =This is a picture that was painted by my father.这是一张我父亲画的画。 B.过去分词表示的动作是没有一定时间性的。 Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.进口的商品并不一定比国产的好。 3.过去分词作宾语补足语 宾语补足语，又简称为宾补，跟在宾语后面，是用来补充说明宾语意义的成分。过去分词可以作宾补，通常用在一些感官动词、使役动词或状态动词的宾语后面，与宾语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 1.过去分词用在感官动词的后面 We heard the windows beaten by rain drops.我们听到雨点敲打窗户的声音。 When he got to school,he saw the door locked.当他到学校时，他看见门锁着。 2.过去分词用在使役动词的后面 常用的使役动词有have，get，make等。 A.过去分词在动词have和get后面作宾补时，表示这个动作不是由主语完成的，而是由别人完成的。 You’d better have/get the dangerous building pulled down.（是由别人完成的） 你最好叫人把这座危楼推倒。 I had/got a decayed tooth pulled off.（是由别人完成的）我把我的一颗蛀牙拔了。 How often do you have/get your hair cut?（不是自己理的）你多久理一次发？ B.过去分词在动词have和get后面作宾补时，还可以表示这是主语的一种经历，这时请根据上下文来领会句子的意义。 I had my left arm broken yesterday.昨天我的左胳膊摔断了。 （这是主语的一种遭遇，经历，不可能是主语叫别人做的事。） Li Ming had his bike stolen.李明的自行车被偷了。 C.“make oneself+过去分词”作宾补时一般表示结果。常用于以下搭配： make oneself heard使别人听得见某人自己的话 make oneself understood使别人听懂某人自己讲的话 I didn’t make myself heard because a lot of people cried in the hall. 因为大厅中有许多人大声喊叫，所以我讲话别人听不见。 3.过去分词用在表状态的动词keep和leave等后 Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.少说多看。 Don’t leave the door broken like this all the time.不要让大门一直这样坏着。 4.过去分词作状语 1.过去分词作状语的基本用法 过去分词和过去分词短语也可以在句子中作状语，用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。但该状语一般表示一个次要的动作。并且，它一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。 Asked how old she was,Mary said it was a secret.（Asked表时间） 当被问到年龄时，玛丽说那是个秘密。 Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides,the boys ran into the building. （Confused表原因）从四面八方向男孩们飞来的石头把他们弄糊涂了，于是他们跑进了那幢大楼里。 Given more water,the fish couldn’t die.（Given表条件）如果多给些水，这些鱼就不会死。 Even though defeated again,the scientist didn’t give up.（defeated表让步） 尽管又失败了，这位科学家仍没有放弃。 Seen from a spaceship,the earth looks like a blue green white ball.（Seen表时间/条件） 从飞船上看，地球像一个蓝色、绿色、白色相间的大球。 2.关于过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语 A.过去分词或动词-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语应是句子的主语。此外，过去分词与句子的主语之间应是动宾关系，而动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间应是主谓关系。 从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。 过去分词短语作状语： Seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.（句子的主语是the city） =If/When it is seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.（从句与主句的主语一致） 动词-ing短语作状语： Seeing from the hill,you can see the whole city is beautiful.（句子的主语是you） =If/When you see from the hill,the city is beautiful.（从句与主句的主语不同） B.过去分词短语或动词-ing短语所表示的动作如果和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，则要放在句首；如果它表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，则要放在句尾。 Finding the door locked,Tom went home.（原因）看到门锁着，汤姆就回家去了。 Tom went home,finding the door locked.（结果）汤姆回到家，发现门锁着。 切记：一般来讲，表示时间、原因、条件、让步等的分词短语多放在句首，而表示结果、伴随的分词短语多放在句尾。 Not knowing her address,I can’t write to her.（原因）因为不知道她的住址，我没法给她写信。 The old woman died in 1967,leaving her sons a lot of money.（结果） 这位老妇人于1967年去世，给她的儿子们留下了一大笔钱。 Greatly moved by the hero,she decided to study harder.（原因） 被英雄人物深深地感动，她决心更加努力地学习。 独立主格 我们在前面讲到过去分词（短语）和动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，它们的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时过去分词短语和动词-ing短语带有自己的主语（即它们之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系），这个逻辑上的主语一般是由名词或代词主格担任，放在过去分词短语和动词之间，我们称之为独立主格。一些含独立主格的句子可以转化为含状语从句的复合句。另一些含独立主格的句子则可以转化为含两个简单句的并列句。 独立主格：（正）It being Sunday,you needn’t go to school.（It是动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语） 说明：It being Sunday构成独立主格结构，在句子中作原因状语。 （误）Being Sunday,you needn’t go to school.今天是星期天，你不必去上学。 说明：being的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，所以此句是错误的。 原因状语从句：Because it is Sunday,you needn’t go to school. （it是从句主语，you是主句主语）因为今天是星期天，所以你不必去上学。 独立主格：All the officials having arrived,the meeting was declared open. （All the officials是动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语）官员们都到齐了才宣布开会。 时间状语从句：After/When all the officials had arrived,the meeting was declared open. （all the officials是从句主语，the是主句主语）等官员们都到齐了才宣布开会。 补充：分词作独立主格时，前面有时可以加with或without。 The park is beautiful with all the trees putting on a tender green. 所有的树都变成了嫩绿色，使得公园很漂亮。 独立主格：Weather permitting,we’ll go to the Summer Palace the day after tomorrow. （Weather是动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语）天气允许的话，我们后天就去颐和园。 条件状语从句：If weather permits,we’ll go to the Summer Palace the day after tomorrow. （weather是从句主语，we是主句主语）如果天气允许的话，我们后天去颐和园。 独立主格：All the work done,you can have a rest. （All the work是过去分词逻辑上的主语） 并列句：All the work is done and you can have a rest.所有的工作都做完，你们就可以休息了。 独立主格：The plan carried out,everything is all right. （The plan是过去分词逻辑上的主语） 并列句：The plan is carried out and everything is all right.计划已经实施，一切进展顺利。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．单项选择 1．（24-25高二下·天津河东·期末）If you want to make yourself ________, you are above all to respect others. A．respect B．respected C．to respect D．respecting 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：如果你想让自己受到尊重，首先要尊重别人。分析句子可知，这里考查“make oneself + 宾补”的结构，respect与宾语yourself之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故选B项。 2．（24-25高一下·天津西青·期末）________ by the team’s success, the boys worked even harder for the next competition. A．Encouraged B．To encourage C．Encouraging D．To be encouraged 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到团队成功的鼓舞，男孩们为下一次比赛更加努力地训练。本句谓语为worked，此处为非谓语动词，且the boys与encourage“鼓舞”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首单词首字母大写。故选A。 3．（24-25高一下·天津西青·期末）After the party, the old couple found the house________, thanks to their kind friends. A．to clean B．cleaning C．to be cleaned D．cleaned 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：聚会结束后，这对老夫妇发现房子已经打扫干净了，这要归功于他们那些善良的朋友。此处clean与house构成被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故选D。 4．（24-25高二下·天津·期末）______ to leave their homes because of the volcanic eruption, the villagers looked very anxious. A．Having forced B．To be forced C．Forced D．Forcing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于火山爆发，村民们被迫离开家园，他们看起来非常焦虑。句子已有谓语动词looked，空处应填非谓语动词，且the villagers与force之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式作原因状语。故选C项。 5．（24-25高一下·天津南开·期末）The novel by a famous Chinese writer in the 1980s has been translated into over 20 languages. A．to write B．writing C．written D．being written 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位中国著名作家于 20 世纪 80 年代创作的小说已被翻译成 20 多种语言。句中has been translated为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处the novel与write之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故选C。 6．（24-25高一下·天津·期末）UNICEF was founded on 11 December 1946 to provide food and healthcare to children in countries _______ in the Second World War. A．having been damaged B．damaged C．being damaged D．damaging 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国儿童基金会成立于1946年12月11日，为在第二次世界大战中遭受破坏的国家的儿童提供食品和医疗保健。分析句子可知，该句的谓语动词是was founded，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词。动词damage与名词countries之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故选B项。 7．（24-25高一下·天津·期末）When properly ________by students, these strategies help them build confidence in public speaking. A．to accept B．accept C．accepting D．accepted 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当这些策略被学生恰当地接受时，它们有助于学生在公众演讲中建立信心。本句已有谓语动词help，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语these strategies与accept之间为被动关系，表示“策略被接受”，所以应用过去分词形式作状语，此处为状语从句的省略。故选D项。 8．（24-25高一下·天津·期末）It has been twenty years, but I still remember the laughter-filled days ________ with my friends. A．to spend B．spent C．spending D．to be spent 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：二十年过去了，但我仍然记得和朋友们一起度过的充满欢笑的日子。本句已有谓语动词remember，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，修饰名词days，且days与spend之间为被动关系，表示“被度过的日子”，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故选B项。 9．（24-25高一下·天津河西·期末） by the success story he read in a popular business magazine, Tim decided to start his own business and follow his dream. A．Inspiring B．To inspire C．Inspired D．To be inspired 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到一本热门商业杂志上所讲述的成功故事的启发，蒂姆决定自己创业，去追寻自己的梦想。此处inspire与Tim构成被动关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词作状语。故选C。 10．（24-25高一下·天津河北·期末）Seal cutting, long ______ as a key Chinese art form, requires both handwriting skills and very careful carving techniques. A．valuing B．valued C．to value D．being valued 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：印章雕刻一直被视为中国的一项重要艺术形式，它既需要良好的书写技巧，也需要极其精细的雕刻工艺。此处value与Seal cutting构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故选B。 11．（24-25高一下·天津和平·期末）Drug use is now thought to ________ about three-quarters of all ________ cases of HIV in that country. A．make for; reported B．account for; reporting C．make for; reporting D．account for; reported 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语辨析及非谓语动词。句意：现在人们认为，在那个国家，所有已报告的艾滋病病例中，约有四分之三是由吸毒引起的。第一空，make for意为“走向；有助于；促进”；account for意为“（数量或比例上）占；解释；是……的原因”。根据语境可知，此处表示“药物使用是导致……的原因”，应用account for。第二空，分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词cases，且report与cases之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成。故选D项。 12．（24-25高二下·广东广州·期中）There are some characters ________ in Jane Austen’s books in ________ lives a slight fall of snow is an event. A．found; her B．to find; whom C．found; whose D．finding; their 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：在简·奥斯汀的书中，有一些人物的生活中，一场小雪的降落是一件大事。第一空处“(find) in Jane Austen’s books”作后置定语，find(发现)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语some characters之间为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语；第二空为定语从句，先行词为characters，在定语从句中作名词lives的定语，所以用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导从句。故选C。 13．（24-25高二上·天津·期末）______ in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club. A．Occupying B．Occupied C．To occupy D．Being occupied 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于忙于在家照顾三个孩子，她再也没有时间参加俱乐部的各种活动了。空处为非谓语动词，在句中作状语；occupy为动词，表示“占据、使忙于”，be occupied in doing sth表示“忙于做某事”，故occupy与主语“she”之间为被动关系，表示已经发生的事情，应用过去分词。故选B。 14．（24-25高三上·天津·期末）Due to the huge amount of constructional experience ______ over the past few years, China’s energy producers can grab a larger share of the global clean energy market. A．having accumulated B．being accumulated C．accumulated D．to be accumulated 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于过去几年积累了大量的建设经验，中国的能源生产商可以在全球清洁能源市场上占据更大的份额。句中谓语是can grab，空格处用非谓语动词，experience和accumulate之间是逻辑动宾关系，且accumulate的动作已经完成，因此空格处用过去分词表被动及完成，故选C。 15．（24-25高二上·天津·期末）All the people paid more attention to the reconstruction of the hospital seriously ______ in the terrible fire. A．to damage B．damaging C．having damaged D．damaged 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有人都更加关注在那场可怕的火灾中严重受损的医院的重建工作。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词hospital与damage之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故选D。 二．语法填空 1．（24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末）Jane witnessed the whole process of holes in the roof (plug) with mud. 【答案】plugged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Jane目睹了屋顶的洞被泥堵住的整个过程。分析句子结构，谓语动词是witnessed，空处需填非谓语动词。holes in the roof与plug是被动关系，即洞被堵住，此处用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填plugged。 2．（24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）When the truck (load) with blankets and supplies arrived, the local people began to unload them. 【答案】loaded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当满载毯子和供应品的卡车到达时，当地人开始卸货。从句中arrived为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。load与逻辑主语truck构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，修饰truck。故填loaded。 3．（24-25高二上·上海·期末）A paper (publish) last week in Psychological Science brings a new kind of support to this idea. 【答案】published 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：上周发表在《心理科学》上的一篇论文为这一观点提供了一种新的支持。分析句子结构可知，此空考查非谓语，主语A paper与publish为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作定语。故填published。 4．（24-25高一下·河北秦皇岛·期末）He was the only foreigner (give) such an honor. 【答案】given 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他是唯一一位被授予如此荣誉的外国人。句中已有谓语动词“was”，且空前无连词，因此此处需用非谓语动词，“foreigner”与“give”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，即“外国人被授予荣誉”，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填given。 5．（24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）In order to get to know the growth of the new species, please keep me (inform) of any development. 【答案】informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了了解新物种的生长情况，请随时告知我任何进展。句中keep为谓语动词，空处要填非谓语动词。此处为“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，inform与宾语me之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填informed。 6．（24-25高一下·内蒙古乌兰察布·期末）The scientist attended the meeting (hold) in the Great Hall of the People. 【答案】held 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位科学家出席了在人民大会堂举行的会议。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词attended，此处应用非谓语动词，meeting与hold之间是被动关系，即会议被举办，所以用过去分词held作后置定语，修饰meeting。故填held。 7．（24-25高一下·内蒙古乌兰察布·期末） （absorb）in writing a poem, the poet didn’t realize night was approaching. 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：诗人全神贯注地创作着一首诗，他完全没有察觉夜幕已经降临。absorb为及物动词，表示“吸收、使全神贯注”，根据句中谓语动词“realize”可知，空处应用其非谓语动词形式，作状语；动词短语be absorbed in表示“全神贯注于”，符合句意，故空处应用过去分词形式；句首字母大写。故填Absorbed。 8．（24-25高一下·吉林·期末）They use the same flag, (know) as the Union Jack. 【答案】known 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们使用同一面旗帜，即被称为米字旗的旗帜。本句谓语为use，此处为非谓语动词，且the same flag与know“知道”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰名词flag，be known as“被称为”。故填known。 9．（24-25高二下·河北衡水·期末）I get (refresh) through rock climbing, spend more time with my dad and get to meet new friends. 【答案】refreshed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我通过攀岩恢复精神，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，认识新朋友。句中用“get+过去分词”结构，表示被动或状态。故填refreshed。 10．（24-25高一下·福建漳州·期末）I need to get my identity (confirm) before I can access the account. 【答案】confirmed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要先确认我的身份，然后才能进入账户。confirm和my identity之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作宾补，故填confirmed。 11．（24-25高二下·福建福州·期末）Claire tried to help by working on a light (suspend) from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder. 【答案】suspended 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：克莱尔想帮忙弄一盏悬挂在天花板上的灯，但她从梯子上摔了下来。分析句子结构可知suspend在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语a light构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填suspended。 12．（24-25高一下·黑龙江·期末） (surround) by crowds of reporters, the smart boy felt at a loss. 【答案】Surrounded/Having been surrounded/Being surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被成群的记者包围，这个聪明的男孩感到不知所措。空处为非谓语动词，the smart boy与surround是被动关系，即男孩被包围，所以可用过去分词作状语，也可表示，“被包围”这一动作先于felt，用现在分词的完成时的被动形式。或者强调被动且动作正在进行，用现在分词的被动形式。这三种形式都符合语境，在句中作状语。首字母大写。故填Surrounded/Having been surrounded/Being surrounded。 13．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】left 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过晒了一天的床单或衬衫散发出的“阳光气息”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇迹。分析句子可知，设空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词a sheet or shirt，且a sheet or shirt与leave之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式left。故填left。 14．（24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末） (locate) at the west end of the city, the park has a lot of room for visitors to walk around. 【答案】Located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座位于城市西端的公园有很大的空间供游客漫步。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the park和locate为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Located。 15．（24-25高一下·福建福州·期末） (impress) with her fluent English, the manager offered Julie a job interview. 【答案】Impressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经理对朱莉流利的英语印象深刻，给了她一次工作面试机会。主语the manager和impress之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词impressed作状语。首字母大写。故填Impressed。 （24-25高一上·河南·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 The 2024 Tianfu Book Fair, which just came to an end in Chengdu, has got both record sales and 1 record number of young visitors this year. More than 58 million people visited the four- day event online and offline. Many young readers carrying bags and notebooks 2 (see) at the fair. They went through stands 3 chose books carefully. Shi Haoran went straight to a stand for the special edition (版本) of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. This edition cleverly includes a lot of things 4 catch today’s young people’s attention. He bought five sets of books. He said that although the prices were high, he felt they were worth buying, adding that good books could be read 5 (repeated). Young people’s interest in books has changed much. “We have found that young people are very interested in 6 (tradition) Chinese culture. The market demand (需求) for that kind of book has got great 7 (grow),” says Yuan Ziqi, manager of a major Chinese publisher. “Many readers now not only buy books but also enjoy 8 (collect) related cultural products,” says Yuan Zizhan, a book editor. 9 the same time, anime (动漫) culture is also influencing young people’s reading habits. 10 (attract) more young readers, some publishers introduce anime series. This year’s fair hosted over 1,000 cultural events, covering various aspects such as reading sharing and author signings. 【答案】1．a 2．were seen 3．and 4．that/which 5．repeatedly 6．traditional 7．growth 8．collecting 9．At 10．To attract 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2024年天府书展的相关情况，包括其创纪录的销量和年轻访客数量、年轻读者的兴趣变化以及动漫文化对年轻读者阅读习惯的影响等。 1．考查冠词。句意：刚刚在成都落下帷幕的2024天府书展，今年的销售额和年轻观众数量都创下了历史新高。此处要表达的是“一个创纪录的年轻访客数量”，因此应用不定冠词a来限定单数可数名词record number，表示泛指“一个创纪录的数字”。故填a。 2．考查时态和语态。句意：在书展上可以看到许多拿着书包和笔记本的年轻读者。此处表示过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态；主语Many young readers为复数，与see之间为被动关系。主谓一致，故填were seen。 3．考查连词。句意：他们逛了一遍书摊，仔细地挑书。动词 went与chose之间为并列关系，故用and连接。故填and。 4．考查定语从句。句意：这个版本很聪明地包含了许多吸引当今年轻人注意力的东西。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为things，指物，引导词在从句中作主语，应用that或which。故填that/which。 5．考查副词。句意：他说，虽然价格很高，但他觉得值得购买，并补充说，好书可以反复阅读。此处用副词作状语修饰动词read 。故填repeatedly。 6．考查形容词。句意：我们发现年轻人对中国传统文化非常感兴趣。修饰名词Chinese culture用形容词作定语。故填traditional。 7．考查名词。句意：市场对这类图书的需求增长很快。此处用名词growth作动词got的宾语，不可数。故填growth。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多读者现在不仅买书，还喜欢收集相关的文化产品。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”是固定短语，动名词作宾语。故填collecting。 9．考查介词。句意：与此同时，动漫文化也在影响着年轻人的阅读习惯。at the same time“与此同时”是固定搭配。句首单词首字大写，故填At。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了吸引更多的年轻读者，一些出版商推出了动漫系列。此处为非谓语，不定式做目的状语，表示“为了”。句首单词首字大写，故填To attract。 （23-24高一上·天津·期末）阅读表达 I used to chase happiness a lot when I began to work. I would run after different experiences-goals, achievements and success, because I was quite sure that once I caught up with them, happiness would be with me. It was during that period that I learned happiness was a very fast runner. Later, I tried to sneak up on happiness. I thought if I didn’t care too little or too much but just enough, it wouldn’t see me coming and then I could catch it. It turned out that happiness is similar to owls, for both of them have 360-degree vision and extremely sharp hearing. Finally, I decided to sit still, very quietly, until happiness forgot I was there, let down its guard and got close to me. This, surprisingly, worked better than either of the other two ways. After reading a passage in Time, I think I know the reason. Apparently, for Americans, the chase of happiness is just linked to achieving individual goals which is different from that in other cultures. In many cultures, happiness is considered as a social phenomenon that happens most readily when it is shared. But our society puts the responsibility for catching happiness on each individual’s shoulders -a heavy burden indeed. On Facebook, there are a lot of unbelievably happy people doing amazing happiness—producing things every day. However, most of the time, no one is really that happy all the time behind the scenes. I also like what a famous business man told Time reporter Mandy Oaklander, “A happy life doesn’t consist of happy moments but every moment of the day.” Now you know how to get happiness, don’t you? 1．What did the author learn from his first period of chasing happiness? (no more than 10 words) 2．How do you understand the underlined words in Paragraph 2? (no more than 5 words) 3．What was the author’s approach to chasing happiness a third time? (no more than 15 words) 4．What does the chase of happiness mean to Americans? (no more than 6 words) . 5．Do you think you’re on the way to chasing happiness? Please explain. (no more than 25 words) . 【答案】1．The author learned that happiness was a very fast runner./ The author found that happiness was hard to chase. 2．Come near to secretly./Approach quietly./ Get close to silently. 3．Sit still until happiness got close. 4．It means achieving individual goals. 5．Yes, (because) I’m now studying hard and spare no effort to enter my dream university. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者追求幸福的感悟。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“It was during that period that I learned happiness was a very fast runner.(正是在那段时间里，我了解到幸福是一个非常快的跑步者)”可知，在作者追求幸福的第一阶段中，他明白了作者了解到幸福是很难追求的，它是一个非常快的跑步者。故答案为：The author learned that happiness was a very fast runner./ The author found that happiness was hard to chase. 2．考查词义猜测。根据第二段“I thought if I didn’t care too little or too much but just enough, it wouldn’t see me coming and then I could catch it.(我想，如果我不在乎太少或太多，只要足够，它就不会看到我来，然后我就能抓住它)”可知，作者想安静地靠近幸福。故sneak up on意为“偷偷走进，偷偷靠近”，即Come near to secretly./Approach quietly./ Get close to silently。故答案为：Come near to secretly./Approach quietly./ Get close to silently. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Finally, I decided to sit still, very quietly, until happiness forgot I was there, let down its guard and got close to me.(最后，我决定静静地坐着，直到幸福忘记了我的存在，放下戒备，靠近我)”可知，作者第三次追求幸福的方法是静静地坐着，直到幸福降临。故答案为Sit still until happiness got close. 4．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Apparently, for Americans, the chase of happiness is just linked to achieving individual goals which is different from that in other cultures.(显然，对美国人来说，追求幸福只与实现个人目标有关，这与其他文化不同)”可知，追求幸福对美国人意味着实现个人目标。故答案为：It means achieving individual goals. 5．开放性题目。根据“你认为你在追寻幸福的路上吗？请解释一下”可回答：是的，（因为）我现在正在努力学习，不遗余力地进入我梦想中的大学。故答案为：Yes, (because) I’m now studying hard and spare no effort to enter my dream university. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $