寒假作业09 动词ing形式（巩固培优）高一英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业09 动词-ing形式 动词-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词，由“动词原形+ing”构成，因此具有动词的性质，有时也相当于一个名词、形容词或副词。动词-ing形式在句中可以担任除谓语以外的任何成分，有时态和语态的变化。 典型例句：1.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（动词-ing形式作主语和表语） 2.This is a new type of self-winding watch.这是一种新款的自动上弦手表。 （动词-ing形式作定语） 3.She was lying in bed crying.她躺在床上哭。（动词-ing形式作状语） 动词-ing形式概述 动词-ing形式是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中，动词-ing形式可以担当除谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语，有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。动词-ing形式仍然具有动词的若干特点，所以它可以有自己的宾语和状语等。 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 动词-ing形式的用法 动词-ing形式作主语 1.基本用法 动词-ing形式作主语通常表示事物化、抽象化的概念，谓语动词一律用单数。 Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。 Climbing mountains is a good way to keep fit.爬山是保持健康的好方法。 2.it作形式主语 it可以代替动词-ing短语作形式主语。 It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.=Crying over the spilt milk is no use.牛奶已经洒了，哭也于事无补。 It is no use/useless talking too much with him.He is too stubborn. =Talking too much is no use/useless.He is too stubborn.跟他说太多也没有用。他太固执了。 It trains the ears listening to music. =Listening to music trains the ears.听音乐可以训练耳朵。 必背：下列句型可以表示“……是没有用的/没好处的”： It is no use+动词-ing、It is useless+动词-ing、It is no good+动词-ing。 动词-ing形式作表语 1.基本用法 动词-ing形式作表语时，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。 What he likes best is making jokes.他最喜欢开玩笑了。 Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to fact.否认这一点就是闭起眼睛，不愿正视事实。 2.起形容词作用的动词-ing形式 起形容词作用的动词-ing形式作表语时，一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征，含有“令人……”的意思。主语多数情况下是物，而动词-ing形式是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。 amusing有趣的 astonishing令人惊异的 boring令人厌烦的 encouraging鼓舞人心的 exciting令人兴奋的 inspiring鼓舞人心的 interesting有趣的 frightening令人害怕的 moving感人的 promising有希望的 puzzling令人迷惑的 surprising令人惊讶的 The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。 The film is moving and interesting.这部电影感人而有趣。 3.作表语的动词-ing形式和进行时中的现在分词的区别 作表语的动词-ing形式 表示主语的特征和性质 在动词-ing形式作表语的结构中可以用其他系动词来代替be 进行时中的现在分词 表示主语正在进行的动作 在进行时中不可以用其他系动词来代替be，因为进行时的句型中谓语部分必须是be+doing The situation in our country is encouraging.（系表结构）我国的形势鼓舞人心。 The situation in our country is encouraging the people.（现在进行时）我国的形势鼓舞着人民。 说明：这两句都是动词-ing形式作表语的用法，区别在于用了不同的系动词。sound作系动词意为“听起来……”。 动词-ing形式作宾语 动词-ing形式可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。 1.动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 下列动词和动词词组常用动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能用动词不定式作宾语。 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow smoking in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help thinking of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 补充：mind的用法 mind doing sth.常用在否定句和疑问句中。 I wouldn’t mind staying here all day.我不介意整天呆在这儿。 2.动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 动词-ing形式还可以作介词的宾语，常见的以介词结尾而其后可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语的固定词组如下所示： add to加上 be afraid of...为……而害怕 be ashamed of...为……感到羞耻 be busy (in) doing (sth.)忙于做（某事） be engaged in从事于 be fond of喜欢 be good at...擅长于…… be interested in...对……感兴趣 be proud of...为……感到骄傲 be sentenced to被宣判 be sick of...对……感到恶心 be tried of...厌烦…… be/get used to习惯于 carry on继续，不断 come to谈到 contribute to贡献 depend on依靠 devote...to把……贡献给 dream of梦想 excuse...for为……而辩解 feel like愿意，想 give up放弃 hear of听说，知道 have trouble (in) doing...做……费力 insist on坚持 keep...from避免 keep on继续，重复（做某事） know of...对……了解 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 prevent...from避免…… save...from防止，避免 set about...动手去做…… stick to坚持 stop...from避免…… succeed in...在……方面成功 thank...for...为……而感谢…… think of想到 spend...(in) doing sth.花……做某事 On hearing the manager’s voice,he turned off the switch at once.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。 说明：在Now they are busy with their lessons.中，with后面只能跟名词或代词，如果跟动词-ing形式，则要用be busy (in) doing sth.，in常常省略。 I’m proud of being a Chinese.身为一个中国人，我感到骄傲。 You should have kept him from going out by himself in such bad weather.你本来应该阻止他在如此恶劣的天气状况下独自外出。 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式经常用在动词feel，hear，keep，leave，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch等后面作宾语补足语，其中宾语和宾语补足语存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。 The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano.父母能够听到他们的女儿正在弹钢琴。 动词-ing形式作状语 1.动词-ing形式作时间状语 动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，几乎每个动词-ing形式作时间状语时，都可以转换为一个时间状语从句，特别是动词-ing形式的完成式。要特别注意动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作之间的时间关系。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 动词-ing形式所表示的动作一发生，谓语动词表示的动作就立即发生，用动词-ing形式的一般形式作状语 意为“当……的时候”，可以转换成“on+动词-ing”结构 放在句首 常用的这类动词多是表示一个极短暂动作的动词： arrive到达 close关闭 hear听见 leave离开 open打开 return归还 see看见 动词-ing形式：Hearing the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. 时间状语从句：When they heard the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. on+动词-ing：On hearing the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 动词-ing形式所表示的动作在进行过程中，谓语动词表示的动作发生了，在这种情况下，可以用动词-ing形式短语作状语，但一般在它的前面加上when或while 意为“当……的时候” 放在句首、句末均可 动词-ing形式：Be careful when crossing the street. 时间状语从句：Be careful when you are crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 动词-ing形式：While playing the piano,she got very excited. 时间状语从句：While she was playing the piano,she got very excited.当她弹钢琴时（过程中），她变得十分兴奋。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 在动词-ing形式所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生，用动词-ing形式的完成式作状语 意为“在……之后”，可转换成“after+动词-ing”结构 放在句首、句末均可 动词-ing形式：Having turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. 时间状语从句：After he had turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. after+动词-ing：After turning off the radio,he began to go over his lessons.关上收音机之后，他开始温习功课。 动词-ing形式：Having received his letter,I decided to write back. 时间状语从句：After I had received his letter,I decided to write back. after+动词-ing：After receiving his letter,I decided to write back.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 2.动词-ing形式作原因状语 动词-ing形式作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转变为一个原因状语从句，动词-ing形式的完成式也经常用来作原因状语。和作时间状语一样，也要注意动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。 A.动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或者几乎同时发生时，用动词-ing形式的一般式。 动词-ing形式：Not recognizing the voice,he refused to give the person his address. 原因状语从句：Because he didn’t recognize the voice,he refused to give the person his address. 因为没听出这个人的声音，所以他没把自己的地址给他。 动词-ing形式：Being so angry,he couldn’t go to sleep. 原因状语从句：Because he was so angry,he couldn’t go to sleep. 他因为太生气了而不能入睡。 动词-ing形式：Forgetting his manners,he put his feet up on the desk. 原因状语从句：As he forgot his manners,he put his feet up on the desk. 此时他忘记了风度，一抬腿把脚放在了书桌上。 补充：若作状语的动词-ing形式含有心理活动的意义，则这个状语一般是表示原因的，如：know，think，forget，learn等。 B.动词-ing形式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，用动词-ing形式的完成式。 动词-ing形式：Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didn’t go (there) last week. 原因状语从句：Because/As he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didn’t go (there) last week.他已去过长城许多次了，故上周他没去。 动词-ing形式：Not having received his father’s letter,he decided to make a call to him. 原因状语从句：Because he hadn’t received his father’s letter,he decided to make a call to him. 因为没收到父亲的信，所以他决定打个电话给父亲。 3.动词-ing形式作让步状语 动词-ing形式作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句。有时，动词-ing形式前可带有连词although，whether，even if，even though。 动词-ing形式：Although working from morning till night,his father didn’t get enough food. 让步状语从句：Although his father worked from morning till night,he didn’t get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干，但还不能糊口。 4.动词-ing形式作方式或伴随状语 动词-ing形式表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的，它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。此时，一般情况下，动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可转换，但可以用并列句来转换。 动词-ing形式：They came into the classroom,singing and laughing. 并列句：They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。 注意：在动词-ing形式表示方式或伴随情况时，动词-ing形式表示的是次要动作，而谓语动词表示的是主要动作。在上例中，came（进来）是主要动作，singing，laughing是次要动作，是伴随着came这一动作而有的。所以这句不能写为： （误）They sang and laughed,coming into the classroom. 5.动词-ing形式作结果状语 动词-ing形式作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。有时为了突出结果，分词前带有thus。它可以转换为结果状语从句。 动词-ing形式：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,thus causing the delay. 结果状语从句：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,so it caused the delay. 公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。 动词-ing形式的时态和语态 1.动词-ing形式的时态 1.动词-ing形式的一般式 动词-ing形式的一般式泛指一般性动作，即动作发生的时间并不明确，或者它所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在它之后发生。 I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.我期待很快见到你。 （动词-ing形式seeing所表示的动作发生的时间是在谓语动词look forward to所表示的动作之后。） The child is used to playing football.这个小孩习惯了踢足球。 （动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。） I enjoy listening to music very much.我非常喜欢听音乐。（动词-ing形式所表示的时间概念并不明确。） 2.动词-ing形式的完成式 动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 He is praised for having devoted his whole life to the country.他因为把自己的一生贡献给这个国家而受到表彰。 3.动词-ing形式的一般式代替完成式的情况 当通过上下文可以明显地看出动词-ing形式和谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间先后时，可以用一般式来代替完成式。在一些动词或动词短语中，尽管动词-ing形式所表示的动作是在谓语动词之前发生，我们也常用一般式来代替完成式或两者通用，这些动词和动词短语有： apologize 道歉 forget 忘记 remember 记住 excuse sb. for 原谅某人…… thank sb. for 因为……感谢某人 I don’t remember having received his letter. =I don’t remember receiving his letter.我不记得收到过他的信。 2.动词-ing形式的语态 1.动词-ing形式的被动语态 当动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语是动词-ing形式所表示动作的对象时，动词-ing形式一般要用被动形式。 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.这只松鼠很幸运地没被抓到。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语squirrel是catch这个动作的对象。） Before being used,the machine must be checked.这台机器在使用之前必须要（被）检查一下。 比较：He insisted on being sent to hospital.他坚持要把他自己送到医院去。/他坚持他自己被送到医院去。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语he是send这个动作的对象。） He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语he不是send这个动作的对象。） 2.动词-ing形式被动式的使用场合 A.及物动词-ing形式作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，用被动式。 The question being discussed is very important. =The question that is being discussed is very important. 正在（被）讨论的问题十分重要。 B.动词-ing形式的主动形式表达被动意义的情况 有些动词，如want，need，require，deserve，worth等后面可以跟动词-ing形式的主动形式而表达被动意味。这些动词常用于下列两个句型中： 句型：主语（物）+want/need/require（需要）+doing =主语+want/need/require（需要）+to be done The radio wants/needs/requires repairing. =The radio wants/needs/requires to be repaired. 这台收音机需要修理了。 句型：主语+be worth doing =主语+be worthy+to be done =主语+be worthy+of being done The book is well worth reading again. 注意：此句型中要用well修饰worth，而不能用very。同时reading后面不能跟it，因为reading的逻辑主语就是句子的主语the book，后面不能再重复出现它。 =The book is worthy to be read again. =The book is worthy of being read again. 这本书非常值得再读一遍。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．单项选择 1．（24-25高二下·天津河东·期末）I’m really sorry, but I don’t remember ever ________ you on the beach. A．to meet B．meet C．to meeting D．meeting 2．（24-25高二下·天津河北·期末）According to the report, ________ algae-powered buildings enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. A．creating B．created C．being created D．to be created 3．（24-25高二下·天津红桥·期末）The boy had great fun__________ games with his friends. A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 4．（23-24高一上·天津和平·期末）Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth ______. I look forward to going there. A．to visit B．visited C．visit D．visiting 5．（24-25高二上·天津西青·期末）I can’t stand ______ in long lines, especially when I have other things to do. A．to wait B．to be waited C．waiting D．being waited 6．（24-25高二上·天津滨海新·期末）________ on the bright side is what we can do for ourselves as well as for others. A．Looked B．Having looked C．Looking D．To be looked 7．（24-25高二上·天津·阶段练习）We don’t allow ________ in the office. But you are allowed ________ in the rest room. A．smoking; smoking B．to smoke; to smoke C．smoking; to smoke D．smoke; smoking 8．（23-24高二下·天津西青·期末）________ a club or team builds social skills and introduces new hobbies and interests. A．Joining B．Being joined C．To be joined D．Having joined 9．（23-24高一下·天津·期末）They looked forward to ______ a chance to receive further education. A．being gotten B．get C．got D．getting 10．（2022·天津南开·一模）______ my weak spots can make me become a better person. A．Knowing B．Having been known C．Known D．To be known 11．（24-25高三上·天津河北·期末）While out shopping, can you resist ______ to purchase items that you don’t really need? A．being persuaded B．persuading C．to be persuaded D．to persuade 12．（23-24高二上·天津蓟州·期末）Paul has always regretted ________ harder at school when he was young. A．not having studied B．to not have studied C．not being studied D．to not study 13．（23-24高三上·天津·期末） to a top university, as in China, is also what many American students have been dreaming of. A．Admitted B．Being admitted C．Having been admitted D．To have been admitted 14．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）I asked the kids to go out to play, because I wasn’t accustomed to ______ when I was working. A．interrupting B．interrupt C．interrupted D．being interrupted 15．（23-24高二上·广东·期中）________ to English as much as possible is regarded as the best way to learn English well. A．Exposing B．Exposed C．Being exposed D．Having exposed 16．（23-24高一上·天津·期末）As far as I am concerned, this idea is well worth________. A．to be considered B．considered C．being considered D．considering 17．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）Some new ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _______. A．fully accepting B．are fully accepted C．being fully accepted D．having fully accepted 18．（22-23高二上·天津·期中）______ twice a year, whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A．Examining B．To examine C．Having examined D．Being examined 19．（22-23高三上·天津河西·期末）The manager told me that they’d promoted Mike, but he didn’t mention ______ when we talked on the phone. A．being promoted B．to be promoted C．having promoted D．having been promoted 20．（21-22高二上·广东清远·期中）Now every means ________ prevent the water from ________. A．get used to; polluted B．is used to; being polluted C．gets used to; pollution D．are used to; polluting 二．语法填空 1．（22-23高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习）He sat there, with his attention (concentrate) on the blackboard. 2．（23-24高一·全国·课后作业）The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3．（24-25高一下·江苏·期末） (strike) by his uplifting speech, the teacher awarded the first prize to him. 4．（24-25高一下·江苏·期末）His ideas, although creative, are often difficult to (apply) to practice. 5．（24-25高一下·江苏·期末）His academic achievements led to him (elect) as an academician (院士) of the Chinese Academy of Science. 6．（24-25高一下·黑龙江牡丹江·期末）Such an emergency deserves (handle) right away. 7．（22-23高二上·广东湛江·期末）She devotes herself to (help) the poor children. 8．（24-25高二上·全国·随堂练习） (decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets adds a vivid and warm touch to the Spring Festival atmosphere. 9．（24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末）Jane witnessed the whole process of holes in the roof (plug) with mud. 10．（24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）When the truck (load) with blankets and supplies arrived, the local people began to unload them. 11.（2025浙江1月卷）“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 12. (2025八省联考卷) Chinese plays an increasingly important role in (improve) communication and cooperation between China and the rest of the world. 13.（2023全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered. 14. (2022全国甲卷) I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ___________(stay) out with my friends too late. （24-25高三下·安徽·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写 在答题卡上。 Every late December, fishermen gather on the frozen Chagan Lake, Jilin province’s largest freshwater lake, for two months of fishing, 1 is not only an eye-catching harvest feast, but also a celebration of traditional culture. Since around the 10th century, the tradition of ice fishing 2 (observe) by locals living by the lake. The winter fishing at Chagan Lake is now a national-level form of intangible cultural heritage, 3 (attract) a large number of tourists every winter. Before the winter fishing begins, the local people will hold 4 grand ceremony to honor the gods of the lake and heaven, and pray to them for the 5 (sustain) growth of all life and a good harvest during winter. Fishermen work in teams, a specific job assigned 6 each different team. The most experienced fisherman, through measuring the 7 (deep) of the lake and the features of the bottom, determines the hunting site. After drilling holes in the 40-centimeter layer of ice, fishermen cast huge fishing nets, usually 2,000 meters long, into the icy water 8 (form) a kind of enclosure beneath the ice. Then the horses begin to turn a giant wheel 9 (attach) to the nets, pulling the massive nets ashore. In the ancient fishing culture, the biggest fish was a symbol of harvest, so people believed the fisherman who caught it would have a prosperous year ahead. The largest fish in the first catch is believed to be precious 10 will go under the hammer to the highest bidder (出价人). （23-24高一上·天津和平·期末）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Roy Austin first experienced an African adventure in 2018. All he wanted to do was get close to some African wildlife. Although Roy did realize this dream, he found something even more meaningful in Africa. Roy spent time in many countries throughout East Africa. He was most interested in the people of rural (农村的) Kenya, especially people of the Amboseli Primary and Secondary School. During his stay, Roy became friends with several students and teachers at the school. He was deeply touched by their positive attitude, even thought it was hard for them to get books and other school supplies. Even finding basic stationery (文具) was a challenge, not to mention the lack of school buildings. In rural Kenya, school buildings are not built by the government. Students, their parents, and teachers find materials and build the schools themselves, or they have to raise money to get builders’ help. Without schools, buildings like libraries and classrooms are just dreams. The students and teachers of the schools very much wanted a library or at least some books to read. After returning home to South Carolina in the United States, the Kenyan students’ yearning for something as seemingly “basic” as books to read still worried Roy. He decided to do whatever he could to help these children. So he started the organization Libraries for Kids International. Since it was started, Roy has shipped over 11,000 books to 11 schools in African countries, including Kenya and Tanzania. To keep costs down, he uses the post office to send the books instead of a carrier like FedEx. The organization has helped to supply these schools with much-needed books, which brought Roy much happiness. He plans to continue shipping books to Africa. 1．What was the main purpose of Roy’s 2018 trip to Africa? (no more than 10 words) 2．Who built school buildings in rural Kenya? (no more than 15 words) 3．What can the underlined word “yearning” in paragraph 5 be replaced by? (no more than 5 words) 4．What does the text mainly tell us? (no more than 15 words) 5．What do you think of Roy? And please explain. (no more than 25 words) 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业09 动词-ing形式 动词-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词，由“动词原形+ing”构成，因此具有动词的性质，有时也相当于一个名词、形容词或副词。动词-ing形式在句中可以担任除谓语以外的任何成分，有时态和语态的变化。 典型例句：1.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（动词-ing形式作主语和表语） 2.This is a new type of self-winding watch.这是一种新款的自动上弦手表。 （动词-ing形式作定语） 3.She was lying in bed crying.她躺在床上哭。（动词-ing形式作状语） 动词-ing形式概述 动词-ing形式是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中，动词-ing形式可以担当除谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语，有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。动词-ing形式仍然具有动词的若干特点，所以它可以有自己的宾语和状语等。 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 动词-ing形式的用法 动词-ing形式作主语 1.基本用法 动词-ing形式作主语通常表示事物化、抽象化的概念，谓语动词一律用单数。 Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。 Climbing mountains is a good way to keep fit.爬山是保持健康的好方法。 2.it作形式主语 it可以代替动词-ing短语作形式主语。 It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.=Crying over the spilt milk is no use.牛奶已经洒了，哭也于事无补。 It is no use/useless talking too much with him.He is too stubborn. =Talking too much is no use/useless.He is too stubborn.跟他说太多也没有用。他太固执了。 It trains the ears listening to music. =Listening to music trains the ears.听音乐可以训练耳朵。 必背：下列句型可以表示“……是没有用的/没好处的”： It is no use+动词-ing、It is useless+动词-ing、It is no good+动词-ing。 动词-ing形式作表语 1.基本用法 动词-ing形式作表语时，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。 What he likes best is making jokes.他最喜欢开玩笑了。 Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to fact.否认这一点就是闭起眼睛，不愿正视事实。 2.起形容词作用的动词-ing形式 起形容词作用的动词-ing形式作表语时，一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征，含有“令人……”的意思。主语多数情况下是物，而动词-ing形式是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。 amusing有趣的 astonishing令人惊异的 boring令人厌烦的 encouraging鼓舞人心的 exciting令人兴奋的 inspiring鼓舞人心的 interesting有趣的 frightening令人害怕的 moving感人的 promising有希望的 puzzling令人迷惑的 surprising令人惊讶的 The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。 The film is moving and interesting.这部电影感人而有趣。 3.作表语的动词-ing形式和进行时中的现在分词的区别 作表语的动词-ing形式 表示主语的特征和性质 在动词-ing形式作表语的结构中可以用其他系动词来代替be 进行时中的现在分词 表示主语正在进行的动作 在进行时中不可以用其他系动词来代替be，因为进行时的句型中谓语部分必须是be+doing The situation in our country is encouraging.（系表结构）我国的形势鼓舞人心。 The situation in our country is encouraging the people.（现在进行时）我国的形势鼓舞着人民。 说明：这两句都是动词-ing形式作表语的用法，区别在于用了不同的系动词。sound作系动词意为“听起来……”。 动词-ing形式作宾语 动词-ing形式可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。有些动词和动词词组后面只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语。 1.动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 下列动词和动词词组常用动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能用动词不定式作宾语。 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow smoking in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help thinking of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 补充：mind的用法 mind doing sth.常用在否定句和疑问句中。 I wouldn’t mind staying here all day.我不介意整天呆在这儿。 2.动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 动词-ing形式还可以作介词的宾语，常见的以介词结尾而其后可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语的固定词组如下所示： add to加上 be afraid of...为……而害怕 be ashamed of...为……感到羞耻 be busy (in) doing (sth.)忙于做（某事） be engaged in从事于 be fond of喜欢 be good at...擅长于…… be interested in...对……感兴趣 be proud of...为……感到骄傲 be sentenced to被宣判 be sick of...对……感到恶心 be tried of...厌烦…… be/get used to习惯于 carry on继续，不断 come to谈到 contribute to贡献 depend on依靠 devote...to把……贡献给 dream of梦想 excuse...for为……而辩解 feel like愿意，想 give up放弃 hear of听说，知道 have trouble (in) doing...做……费力 insist on坚持 keep...from避免 keep on继续，重复（做某事） know of...对……了解 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 prevent...from避免…… save...from防止，避免 set about...动手去做…… stick to坚持 stop...from避免…… succeed in...在……方面成功 thank...for...为……而感谢…… think of想到 spend...(in) doing sth.花……做某事 On hearing the manager’s voice,he turned off the switch at once.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。 说明：在Now they are busy with their lessons.中，with后面只能跟名词或代词，如果跟动词-ing形式，则要用be busy (in) doing sth.，in常常省略。 I’m proud of being a Chinese.身为一个中国人，我感到骄傲。 You should have kept him from going out by himself in such bad weather.你本来应该阻止他在如此恶劣的天气状况下独自外出。 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式经常用在动词feel，hear，keep，leave，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch等后面作宾语补足语，其中宾语和宾语补足语存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。 The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano.父母能够听到他们的女儿正在弹钢琴。 动词-ing形式作状语 1.动词-ing形式作时间状语 动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，几乎每个动词-ing形式作时间状语时，都可以转换为一个时间状语从句，特别是动词-ing形式的完成式。要特别注意动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作之间的时间关系。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 动词-ing形式所表示的动作一发生，谓语动词表示的动作就立即发生，用动词-ing形式的一般形式作状语 意为“当……的时候”，可以转换成“on+动词-ing”结构 放在句首 常用的这类动词多是表示一个极短暂动作的动词： arrive到达 close关闭 hear听见 leave离开 open打开 return归还 see看见 动词-ing形式：Hearing the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. 时间状语从句：When they heard the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. on+动词-ing：On hearing the bad news,they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 动词-ing形式所表示的动作在进行过程中，谓语动词表示的动作发生了，在这种情况下，可以用动词-ing形式短语作状语，但一般在它的前面加上when或while 意为“当……的时候” 放在句首、句末均可 动词-ing形式：Be careful when crossing the street. 时间状语从句：Be careful when you are crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 动词-ing形式：While playing the piano,she got very excited. 时间状语从句：While she was playing the piano,she got very excited.当她弹钢琴时（过程中），她变得十分兴奋。 动词-ing形式与谓语动作的时间关系 动词-ing短语的含义 动词-ing形式的位置 在动词-ing形式所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生，用动词-ing形式的完成式作状语 意为“在……之后”，可转换成“after+动词-ing”结构 放在句首、句末均可 动词-ing形式：Having turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. 时间状语从句：After he had turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons. after+动词-ing：After turning off the radio,he began to go over his lessons.关上收音机之后，他开始温习功课。 动词-ing形式：Having received his letter,I decided to write back. 时间状语从句：After I had received his letter,I decided to write back. after+动词-ing：After receiving his letter,I decided to write back.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 2.动词-ing形式作原因状语 动词-ing形式作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转变为一个原因状语从句，动词-ing形式的完成式也经常用来作原因状语。和作时间状语一样，也要注意动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。 A.动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或者几乎同时发生时，用动词-ing形式的一般式。 动词-ing形式：Not recognizing the voice,he refused to give the person his address. 原因状语从句：Because he didn’t recognize the voice,he refused to give the person his address. 因为没听出这个人的声音，所以他没把自己的地址给他。 动词-ing形式：Being so angry,he couldn’t go to sleep. 原因状语从句：Because he was so angry,he couldn’t go to sleep. 他因为太生气了而不能入睡。 动词-ing形式：Forgetting his manners,he put his feet up on the desk. 原因状语从句：As he forgot his manners,he put his feet up on the desk. 此时他忘记了风度，一抬腿把脚放在了书桌上。 补充：若作状语的动词-ing形式含有心理活动的意义，则这个状语一般是表示原因的，如：know，think，forget，learn等。 B.动词-ing形式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，用动词-ing形式的完成式。 动词-ing形式：Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didn’t go (there) last week. 原因状语从句：Because/As he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didn’t go (there) last week.他已去过长城许多次了，故上周他没去。 动词-ing形式：Not having received his father’s letter,he decided to make a call to him. 原因状语从句：Because he hadn’t received his father’s letter,he decided to make a call to him. 因为没收到父亲的信，所以他决定打个电话给父亲。 3.动词-ing形式作让步状语 动词-ing形式作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句。有时，动词-ing形式前可带有连词although，whether，even if，even though。 动词-ing形式：Although working from morning till night,his father didn’t get enough food. 让步状语从句：Although his father worked from morning till night,he didn’t get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干，但还不能糊口。 4.动词-ing形式作方式或伴随状语 动词-ing形式表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的，它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。此时，一般情况下，动词-ing形式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可转换，但可以用并列句来转换。 动词-ing形式：They came into the classroom,singing and laughing. 并列句：They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。 注意：在动词-ing形式表示方式或伴随情况时，动词-ing形式表示的是次要动作，而谓语动词表示的是主要动作。在上例中，came（进来）是主要动作，singing，laughing是次要动作，是伴随着came这一动作而有的。所以这句不能写为： （误）They sang and laughed,coming into the classroom. 5.动词-ing形式作结果状语 动词-ing形式作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。有时为了突出结果，分词前带有thus。它可以转换为结果状语从句。 动词-ing形式：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,thus causing the delay. 结果状语从句：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,so it caused the delay. 公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。 动词-ing形式的时态和语态 1.动词-ing形式的时态 1.动词-ing形式的一般式 动词-ing形式的一般式泛指一般性动作，即动作发生的时间并不明确，或者它所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在它之后发生。 I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.我期待很快见到你。 （动词-ing形式seeing所表示的动作发生的时间是在谓语动词look forward to所表示的动作之后。） The child is used to playing football.这个小孩习惯了踢足球。 （动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。） I enjoy listening to music very much.我非常喜欢听音乐。（动词-ing形式所表示的时间概念并不明确。） 2.动词-ing形式的完成式 动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 He is praised for having devoted his whole life to the country.他因为把自己的一生贡献给这个国家而受到表彰。 3.动词-ing形式的一般式代替完成式的情况 当通过上下文可以明显地看出动词-ing形式和谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间先后时，可以用一般式来代替完成式。在一些动词或动词短语中，尽管动词-ing形式所表示的动作是在谓语动词之前发生，我们也常用一般式来代替完成式或两者通用，这些动词和动词短语有： apologize 道歉 forget 忘记 remember 记住 excuse sb. for 原谅某人…… thank sb. for 因为……感谢某人 I don’t remember having received his letter. =I don’t remember receiving his letter.我不记得收到过他的信。 2.动词-ing形式的语态 1.动词-ing形式的被动语态 当动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语是动词-ing形式所表示动作的对象时，动词-ing形式一般要用被动形式。 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.这只松鼠很幸运地没被抓到。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语squirrel是catch这个动作的对象。） Before being used,the machine must be checked.这台机器在使用之前必须要（被）检查一下。 比较：He insisted on being sent to hospital.他坚持要把他自己送到医院去。/他坚持他自己被送到医院去。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语he是send这个动作的对象。） He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。 （动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语he不是send这个动作的对象。） 2.动词-ing形式被动式的使用场合 A.及物动词-ing形式作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，用被动式。 The question being discussed is very important. =The question that is being discussed is very important. 正在（被）讨论的问题十分重要。 B.动词-ing形式的主动形式表达被动意义的情况 有些动词，如want，need，require，deserve，worth等后面可以跟动词-ing形式的主动形式而表达被动意味。这些动词常用于下列两个句型中： 句型：主语（物）+want/need/require（需要）+doing =主语+want/need/require（需要）+to be done The radio wants/needs/requires repairing. =The radio wants/needs/requires to be repaired. 这台收音机需要修理了。 句型：主语+be worth doing =主语+be worthy+to be done =主语+be worthy+of being done The book is well worth reading again. 注意：此句型中要用well修饰worth，而不能用very。同时reading后面不能跟it，因为reading的逻辑主语就是句子的主语the book，后面不能再重复出现它。 =The book is worthy to be read again. =The book is worthy of being read again. 这本书非常值得再读一遍。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．单项选择 1．（24-25高二下·天津河东·期末）I’m really sorry, but I don’t remember ever ________ you on the beach. A．to meet B．meet C．to meeting D．meeting 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：真的很抱歉，但我不记得曾经在海滩上见过你。句中remember后接非谓语动词作宾语，remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”（动作已发生），remember to do sth.表示“记得要去做某事”（动作未发生）；根据句中“ever（曾经）”可知，meet这一动作已发生，应使用动名词形式meeting。故选D项。 2．（24-25高二下·天津河北·期末）According to the report, ________ algae-powered buildings enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. A．creating B．created C．being created D．to be created 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据报告，建造以藻类为动力的建筑能让我们与环境更加和谐地共处。此处为非谓语动词作主语，结合句意，此处表示主动意义，所以此处使用creating。故选A项。 3．（24-25高二下·天津红桥·期末）The boy had great fun__________ games with his friends. A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这个男孩和他的朋友们玩游戏玩得很开心。have great fun doing sth“做某事很开心”，固定短语，故选C。 4．（23-24高一上·天津和平·期末）Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth ______. I look forward to going there. A．to visit B．visited C．visit D．visiting 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：香港迪士尼乐园非常值得一游。我期待去那里。be worth doing“……值得做”是固定搭配。故选D项。 5．（24-25高二上·天津西青·期末）I can’t stand ______ in long lines, especially when I have other things to do. A．to wait B．to be waited C．waiting D．being waited 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我无法忍受排长队，尤其是当我有其他事情要做时。本句谓语为can’t stand，此处为非谓语动词，can’t stand doing sth.，表示“无法忍受做某事”，因此用wait“等待”的动名词，作宾语。故选C。 6．（24-25高二上·天津滨海新·期末）________ on the bright side is what we can do for ourselves as well as for others. A．Looked B．Having looked C．Looking D．To be looked 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看向光明的一面是我们能为自己和他人所做的。空处作主语，且look和逻辑主语we之间是主动关系，应用动名词的主动形式。故选C。 7．（24-25高二上·天津·阶段练习）We don’t allow ________ in the office. But you are allowed ________ in the rest room. A．smoking; smoking B．to smoke; to smoke C．smoking; to smoke D．smoke; smoking 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词和动词不定式。句意：我们不允许在办公室吸烟。但是你可以在休息室吸烟。第一空为非谓语动词作宾语，根据allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”可知，此处使用动名词形式作宾语；第二空为allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”的被动结构，sb. be allowed to do sth.意为“某人被允许做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式作主语补足语。故选C项。 8．（23-24高二下·天津西青·期末）________ a club or team builds social skills and introduces new hobbies and interests. A．Joining B．Being joined C．To be joined D．Having joined 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：加入俱乐部或团队可以培养社交技能并培养新的爱好和兴趣。______a club or team作主语，此处应用动名词作主语，且表示主动，故选A。 9．（23-24高一下·天津·期末）They looked forward to ______ a chance to receive further education. A．being gotten B．get C．got D．getting 【答案】D 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他们盼望有机会接受进一步的教育。动词短语look forward to doing sth.表示“期待、期盼做某事”，故应用动名词，作宾语；动词get和主语“They”之间为主动关系，表示“他们期盼得到一个机会”，故应用getting。故选D。 10．（2022·天津南开·一模）______ my weak spots can make me become a better person. A．Knowing B．Having been known C．Known D．To be known 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：了解自己的弱点可以让我成为一个更好的人。A. Knowing知道（动名词）；B. Having been known已经知道（现在完成时的被动语态）C. Known知道（过去分词）；D. To be known有待了解（不定式）。_______my weak spots为句子主语，空处应用动名词作主语，故选A项。 11．（24-25高三上·天津河北·期末）While out shopping, can you resist ______ to purchase items that you don’t really need? A．being persuaded B．persuading C．to be persuaded D．to persuade 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你外出购物时，你能拒绝被说服去购买那些你并不真正需要的东西吗？短语resist doing sth.意思是“抵抗做某事，忍住不做某事”，resist后面要接动名词形式，且persuade“说服”和you逻辑上是被动关系，因此用persuade的动名词被动语态，作宾语。故选A。 12．（23-24高二上·天津蓟州·期末）Paul has always regretted ________ harder at school when he was young. A．not having studied B．to not have studied C．not being studied D．to not study 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：保罗一直后悔小时候在学校没有努力学习。根据“harder at school when he was young”和选项内容可知，保罗后悔的是小时候在学校“没有努力学习”，应用regret doing sth.表示“后悔或遗憾做过某事”，动名词作宾语，表示否定的not需放在doing之前，且“没有努力学习”和谓语行为之间有一定的时间间隔，应用动名词的完成式形式。故选A。 13．（23-24高三上·天津·期末） to a top university, as in China, is also what many American students have been dreaming of. A．Admitted B．Being admitted C．Having been admitted D．To have been admitted 【答案】B 【详解】考查动名词。句意：和在中国一样，被名校录取，也是许多美国学生一直梦寐以求的事情。根据句子结构可知，此处使用动名词的被动形式作主语，be admitted to/into意为“被……录取或接收”，故选B。 14．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）I asked the kids to go out to play, because I wasn’t accustomed to ______ when I was working. A．interrupting B．interrupt C．interrupted D．being interrupted 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我让孩子们出去玩，因为我不习惯在工作时被打扰。固定短语be accustomed to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，空处作介词to的宾语，需用动名词形式，且interrupt“打断”和I逻辑上是被动关系，需要动名词的被动语态。故选D。 15．（23-24高二上·广东·期中）________ to English as much as possible is regarded as the best way to learn English well. A．Exposing B．Exposed C．Being exposed D．Having exposed 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽可能多地接触英语被认为是学好英语的最好方法。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处用动名词形式作主语，动词expose是及物动词，结合短语be exposed to意为“暴露，使接触”，可知使用动名词的被动式。故选C。 16．（23-24高一上·天津·期末）As far as I am concerned, this idea is well worth________. A．to be considered B．considered C．being considered D．considering 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：就我而言，这个想法很值得考虑。分析句子结构可知，be worth doing sth.值得做某事，接动名词时，通常用主动形式表达被动含义。故选D项。 17．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）Some new ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _______. A．fully accepting B．are fully accepted C．being fully accepted D．having fully accepted 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词的被动式。句意：有些新想法有时需要等待数年才能被完全接受。before为介词，而并非连词，因此后面用动名词，ideas与accept有逻辑上被动关系，因此本空用动名词的被动式。故选C项。 18．（22-23高二上·天津·期中）______ twice a year, whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A．Examining B．To examine C．Having examined D．Being examined 【答案】D 【详解】考查动名词和被动语态。句意：无论是小汽车、公共汽车还是卡车，每年都要接受两次检查，这是这个城市里每个司机必须遵守的规定。空格处用动名词作主语，小汽车、公共汽车，卡车是被检查，因此空格处用动名词的被动语态，即being done，故选D。 19．（22-23高三上·天津河西·期末）The manager told me that they’d promoted Mike, but he didn’t mention ______ when we talked on the phone. A．being promoted B．to be promoted C．having promoted D．having been promoted 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经理告诉我他们提拔了迈克，但我们通电话时他没有提到过受提拔。mention doing sth.“提到做某事”，固定搭配，用动名词作宾语；promote发生在谓语动词mention之前，且he和promote之间为逻辑被动关系，应用动名词的完成式的被动语态having been done。故选D。 20．（21-22高二上·广东清远·期中）Now every means ________ prevent the water from ________. A．get used to; polluted B．is used to; being polluted C．gets used to; pollution D．are used to; polluting 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。句意：现在每一种方法都被用来防止水被污染。分析句子结构可知，主语是every means(每一种方法)，其中means是名词，表示“方法”，单复数同形，由前面的every可知，此处主语是单数，根据句意可知，此处表示“每一种方法被用来”，应用be/get used to do表示“被用来”。Prevent sth. from doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“防止某事做某事”，此处表示“防止水被污染”，所以应用动名词的被动式：being polluted。get used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”不符合语境。故选B。 二．语法填空 1．（22-23高一上·河北石家庄·阶段练习）He sat there, with his attention (concentrate) on the blackboard. 【答案】concentrated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他坐在那里，注意力集中在黑板上。此处是“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的结构，宾语“his attention”与“concentrate”之间是被动关系，即用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填concentrated。 2．（23-24高一·全国·课后作业）The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 【答案】to be completed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明年完工的机场将有助于促进该地区的旅游业。此处应为非谓语动词作定语，根据时间状语next year可知，该动作将要发生，且complete与the airport之间为被动关系，需用动词不定式的被动语态。故填to be completed。 3．（24-25高一下·江苏·期末） (strike) by his uplifting speech, the teacher awarded the first prize to him. 【答案】Struck 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：被他鼓舞人心的演讲打动，老师把一等奖颁给了他。根据空后awarded可知，句中已有谓语动词awarded，空处需用非谓语动词；strike与逻辑主语the teacher之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词形式作原因状语。strike的过去分词为struck，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Struck。 4．（24-25高一下·江苏·期末）His ideas, although creative, are often difficult to (apply) to practice. 【答案】apply 【详解】考查动词。句意：他的想法虽然富有创意，但往往难以在实际中得以应用。此处为be difficult to do sth.，表示“难以做某事”。故填apply。 5．（24-25高一下·江苏·期末）His academic achievements led to him (elect) as an academician (院士) of the Chinese Academy of Science. 【答案】being elected 【详解】考查动名词的被动式。句意：他的学术成就使他当选为中国科学院院士。根据空前led to him可知，lead to为固定搭配，其中to是介词，空处需用动名词形式作宾语；又因him与elect之间是被动关系，需用动名词的被动式being elected。故填being elected。 6．（24-25高一下·黑龙江牡丹江·期末）Such an emergency deserves (handle) right away. 【答案】handling/to be handled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种紧急情况需要立即处理。 deserve后接动词时，动词与主语为被动关系，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或者用不定式的被动形式“to be done”来表示被动意义，表示“某事值得被做”。所以空处需用动名词handling或不定式的被动形式to be handled。故填handling/to be handled。 7．（22-23高二上·广东湛江·期末）She devotes herself to (help) the poor children. 【答案】helping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她致力于帮助贫困儿童。“devote oneself to doing sth.”是固定短语，意为“致力于做某事”，其中“to”是介词，其后应接动名词形式作宾语，help的动名词形式是helping。故填helping。 8．（24-25高二上·全国·随堂练习） (decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets adds a vivid and warm touch to the Spring Festival atmosphere. 【答案】Decorating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：用红灯笼和对联装饰房屋为春节氛围增添了生动而温暖的感觉。“(decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets”在句中作主语，用动名词decorating作主语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Decorating。 9．（24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末）Jane witnessed the whole process of holes in the roof (plug) with mud. 【答案】plugged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Jane目睹了屋顶的洞被泥堵住的整个过程。分析句子结构，谓语动词是witnessed，空处需填非谓语动词。holes in the roof与plug是被动关系，即洞被堵住，此处用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填plugged。 10．（24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）When the truck (load) with blankets and supplies arrived, the local people began to unload them. 【答案】loaded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当满载毯子和供应品的卡车到达时，当地人开始卸货。从句中arrived为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。load与逻辑主语truck构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，修饰truck。故填loaded。 11.（2025浙江1月卷）“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】 returning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：……这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一就归还衣服。根据句意可知，mean 此处意为“意味着”，mean doing sth是固定搭配，意为“意味着做某事”。 12. (2025八省联考卷) Chinese plays an increasingly important role in (improve) communication and cooperation between China and the rest of the world. 【答案】improving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。此处作介词in的宾语，应用improve“提高”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填improving。 13.（2023全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered. 【答案】recording 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。 14. (2022全国甲卷) I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ___________(stay) out with my friends too late. 【答案】 staying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我当时不愿和他说话，还常常违背他定下的规矩 —— 不准和朋友在外面待到太晚。of为介词，后面的动词stay用动名词形式staying作宾语。故填staying。 （24-25高三下·安徽·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写 在答题卡上。 Every late December, fishermen gather on the frozen Chagan Lake, Jilin province’s largest freshwater lake, for two months of fishing, 1 is not only an eye-catching harvest feast, but also a celebration of traditional culture. Since around the 10th century, the tradition of ice fishing 2 (observe) by locals living by the lake. The winter fishing at Chagan Lake is now a national-level form of intangible cultural heritage, 3 (attract) a large number of tourists every winter. Before the winter fishing begins, the local people will hold 4 grand ceremony to honor the gods of the lake and heaven, and pray to them for the 5 (sustain) growth of all life and a good harvest during winter. Fishermen work in teams, a specific job assigned 6 each different team. The most experienced fisherman, through measuring the 7 (deep) of the lake and the features of the bottom, determines the hunting site. After drilling holes in the 40-centimeter layer of ice, fishermen cast huge fishing nets, usually 2,000 meters long, into the icy water 8 (form) a kind of enclosure beneath the ice. Then the horses begin to turn a giant wheel 9 (attach) to the nets, pulling the massive nets ashore. In the ancient fishing culture, the biggest fish was a symbol of harvest, so people believed the fisherman who caught it would have a prosperous year ahead. The largest fish in the first catch is believed to be precious 10 will go under the hammer to the highest bidder (出价人). 【答案】1．which 2．has been observed 3．attracting 4．a 5．sustainable/sustained 6．to 7．depth 8．to form 9．attached 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了吉林省查干湖冬季冰上捕鱼的传统活动，包括其历史文化背景、仪式及捕鱼过程。 1．考查定语从句。句意：每年12月下旬，渔民们聚集在吉林省最大的淡水湖——查干湖的冰面上，进行为期两个月的捕鱼活动，这不仅是一场引人注目的丰收盛宴，也是对传统文化的庆祝。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是two months of fishing，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 2．考查时态和语态。句意：自10世纪左右以来，居住在湖边的当地人一直遵循着冰上捕鱼的传统。根据时间状语“Since around the 10th century”可知，句子应使用现在完成时；主语the tradition of ice fishing与动词observe之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词用has。故填has been observed。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：查干湖的冬季捕鱼现在是一种国家级非物质文化遗产，每年冬天都吸引着大量的游客。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语The winter fishing at Chagan Lake与动词attract之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填attracting。 4．考查冠词。句意：在冬季捕鱼开始之前，当地人会举行一场盛大的仪式来祭拜湖神和天神，并祈求所有生命能够持续生长，冬季也能有个好收成。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指“一场盛大的仪式”，且grand是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．考查形容词。句意：在冬季捕鱼开始之前，当地人会举行一场盛大的仪式来祭拜湖神和天神，并祈求所有生命能够持续生长，冬季也能有个好收成。根据空后的“growth”可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词growth；sustain的形容词形式为sustainable或sustained，均表示“可持续的”。故填sustainable或sustained。 6．考查介词。句意：渔民们分组工作，每个不同的团队都被分配了特定的任务。a specific job assigned ____ each different team是独立主格结构，be assigned to sb/sth表示“被分配给某人或某事”，to是介词。故填to。 7．考查名词。句意：最有经验的渔民通过测量湖的深度和湖底的特征来确定捕猎地点。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，此处应用名词depth“深度”。故填depth。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在40厘米厚的冰层上钻完洞后，渔民们将通常长2000米的巨大渔网撒入冰冷的水中，在冰下形成一种围栏。此处为非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，应用动词不定式。故填to form。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，马开始转动一个连接在渔网上的巨大轮子，把巨大的渔网拉到岸上。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词wheel；动词attach与wheel之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填attached。 10．考查连词。句意：第一次捕捞中最大的鱼被认为是珍贵的，并且会以最高价拍给出价最高的人。根据句意可知，此处表示并列关系，即“is believed to be precious”和“will go under the hammer to the highest bidder”是并列关系，不存在转折或选择关系，应用连词and。故填and。 （23-24高一上·天津和平·期末）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Roy Austin first experienced an African adventure in 2018. All he wanted to do was get close to some African wildlife. Although Roy did realize this dream, he found something even more meaningful in Africa. Roy spent time in many countries throughout East Africa. He was most interested in the people of rural (农村的) Kenya, especially people of the Amboseli Primary and Secondary School. During his stay, Roy became friends with several students and teachers at the school. He was deeply touched by their positive attitude, even thought it was hard for them to get books and other school supplies. Even finding basic stationery (文具) was a challenge, not to mention the lack of school buildings. In rural Kenya, school buildings are not built by the government. Students, their parents, and teachers find materials and build the schools themselves, or they have to raise money to get builders’ help. Without schools, buildings like libraries and classrooms are just dreams. The students and teachers of the schools very much wanted a library or at least some books to read. After returning home to South Carolina in the United States, the Kenyan students’ yearning for something as seemingly “basic” as books to read still worried Roy. He decided to do whatever he could to help these children. So he started the organization Libraries for Kids International. Since it was started, Roy has shipped over 11,000 books to 11 schools in African countries, including Kenya and Tanzania. To keep costs down, he uses the post office to send the books instead of a carrier like FedEx. The organization has helped to supply these schools with much-needed books, which brought Roy much happiness. He plans to continue shipping books to Africa. 1．What was the main purpose of Roy’s 2018 trip to Africa? (no more than 10 words) 2．Who built school buildings in rural Kenya? (no more than 15 words) 3．What can the underlined word “yearning” in paragraph 5 be replaced by? (no more than 5 words) 4．What does the text mainly tell us? (no more than 15 words) 5．What do you think of Roy? And please explain. (no more than 25 words) 【答案】1．He wanted to get close to some African wildlife./To see local wildlife. 2．The students, their parents and teachers or the builders’ they hired. 3．Strong needs. 4．Roy Austin brought the pleasure of reading to Africa. 5．Roy is a compassionate and warm-hearted person because he is willing to help those in need. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Roy Austin创办国际儿童图书馆，为肯尼亚农村学校寄送超过11,000本书籍，帮助学校提供资源。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Roy Austin first experienced an African adventure in 2018. All he wanted to do was get close to some African wildlife.(罗伊·奥斯汀在2018年第一次经历了非洲冒险。他想做的就是接近一些非洲野生动物)”可知，罗伊·奥斯汀的非洲之行的主要目的是接近非洲野生动物。故答案为He wanted to get close to some African wildlife.或To see local wildlife. 2．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“In rural Kenya, school buildings are not built by the government. Students, their parents and teachers find materials and build the schools themselves, or they have to raise money to get builders’ help.(在肯尼亚农村，学校建筑不是由政府建造的。学生、他们的父母和老师自己寻找材料建造学校，或者他们必须筹集资金获得建筑商的帮助)”可知，学校是由学生、他们的父母和老师自己修建的，或由他们筹集资金请建筑商帮忙修建的。故答案为The students, their parents and teachers or the builders’ they hired。 3．考查词句猜测。分析划线词所在句“After returning home to South Carolina in the United States, the Kenyan students’ yearning for something as seemingly “basic” as books to read still worried Roy.(回到美国南卡罗来纳的家后，肯尼亚学生对书本这种看似“基本”的东西的yearning仍然让罗伊感到担忧)”可知，划线词yearning是名词；结合下一段中“Since it was started, Roy has shipped over 11,000 books to 11 schools in African countries, including Kenya and Tanzania.(自成立以来，罗伊已经向包括肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚在内的非洲国家的11所学校运送了1.1万多本书)”可推知，罗伊向肯尼亚学生赠书，说明他们需要书，是他们对书的“强烈的需求”让罗伊决定赠书。所以yearning意为“强烈的需求”，可替换成名词短语Strong needs。故答案为Strong needs. 4．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中“Although Roy did realize this dream, he found something even more meaningful in Africa.(虽然罗伊实现了这个梦想，但他在非洲找到了更有意义的东西)”、第五段中“He decided to do whatever he could to help these children. So he started the organization Libraries for Kids International.(他决定尽他所能帮助这些孩子。所以他创立了国际儿童图书馆组织)”和第六段中“Since it was started, Roy has shipped over 11,000 books to 11 schools in African countries, including Kenya and Tanzania.(自成立以来，罗伊已经向包括肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚在内的非洲国家的11所学校运送了1.1万多本书)”可知，本文主要讲述了罗伊创立了国际儿童图书馆组织，向非洲国家学校赠送书籍的事情，即把阅读的乐趣带到了非洲。故答案为Roy Austin brought the pleasure of reading to Africa. 5．考查推理判断。通读全文可知，根据第五段“After returning home to South Carolina in the United States, the Kenyan students’ yearning for something as seemingly “basic” as books to read still worried Roy. He decided to do whatever he could to help these children. So he started the organization Libraries for Kids International.(回到美国南卡罗来纳的家后，肯尼亚学生对书本这种看似“基本”的东西的渴望仍然让罗伊感到担忧。他决定尽他所能帮助这些孩子。所以他创立了国际儿童图书馆组织)”可推知，罗伊是一个富有同情心且热心的人，因为他愿意帮助需要帮助的。故答案为Roy is a compassionate and warm-hearted person because he is willing to help those in need。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $