寒假作业07 定语从句2（关系副词、介词+关系代词）（巩固培优）高一英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业07 定语从句2（关系副词、介词+关系代词） 关系副词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1.关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，room等，where在从句中作地点状语。 ①The hotel was very clean.那家旅馆很干净。 ②We stayed there/at the hotel.我呆在那儿/那家旅馆。 ③=①+②The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。 先行词 定语从句 （where在从句中代替there或at the hotel，作地点状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述 The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more. =I got to the stage (which/that) I wasn’t coping with any more. =I got to the stage with which I wasn’t coping any more.我已经到了无法应付的阶段。 This is the house where I was born.这就是我出生的那所房子。 2.关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。 I’ll never forget the time when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。 先行词 定语从句 （when在从句中代替during the time，作时间状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. The date (when/that) he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5th. 他加入南非国民议会青年同盟的日期是8月5日。 注意：从语法来讲，这个句子中的定语从句只能用when引导，但在口语中，常用that代替when，也可以省略。 3.关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。 先行词 定语从句 （why在从句中代替reason，作原因状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述：The reason (that/for) which I got a job was that I worked hard. The reason why she was late was that she missed her plane. =The reason (that) she was late was that she missed her plane. 注意：一般来讲，在定语从句中，只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why；和when一样，在口语中，关系副词why常被that代替，也可以省略。 =The reason for which she was late was that she missed her plane. 她迟到的原因是她错过了班机。 Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason (that) she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason for which she left. 艾米没有获得加薪，但是这并不是她离开的主要原因。 The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. =The reason (that) I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. =The reason for which I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. 我给你打电话的原因是想邀请你参加一个聚会。 补充：带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型 定语从句“The reason why/that...”或“...the reason why/that...” I know the reason why she studies so well.我知道她学习好的原因。 表语从句“The reason is that...”（不能用why，否则就重复了） The reason is that he is always careless in his work.原因是他在工作中总是粗心大意。 关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词，口语用法除外。 ①This is the college (that/which) I visited.这就是我参观过的学院。 ②This is the college where I studied three years ago.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the college，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 ①I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。 ②I’ll never forget the day when I got married.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the day，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语on the way。 介词+关系代词 句型：名词/代词+介词+关系代词 简单句①The professor gave a lecture to us yesterday.那位教师昨天给我们上了一堂课。 简单句②I couldn’t understand the meaning of the lecture completely. 我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。 合成为定语从句③=①+②The professor gave us a lecture yesterday,the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely. 名词+介词+关系代词 那位教授昨天给我们上了一堂课，我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。 简单句①There are around 400 students in our grade.我们年级大约有400名学生。 简单句②Most of us are from the Xicheng District.我们中的大多数人都来自西城区。 合成为定语从句③=①+②There are around 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from the Xicheng District. 代词+介词+关系代词 我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区。 关系代词和关系副词的省略 1.关系代词的省略 A.在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。 Jane Hasek,who was my former English teacher,retired last year. 简·哈塞克今天退休了，他曾经是我的英语老师。 B.在限定性定语从句中，关系代词用作动词宾语时可以省略。 Sorry,I forget to bring the magazine (which/that) you want.对不起，我忘了把你要的杂志带过来。（which和that代替magazine，作动词want的宾语，可以省略） C.关系代词作介词宾语，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可以省略；如果介词位于定语从句的句末，关系代词可以省略。 （正）This is the government building in which my father works. （正）This is the government building (which/that) my father works in. （误）This is the government building in my father works.这是我父亲工作的政府大楼。 D.there be句型之后的定语从句中，作主语或宾语的关系代词常可以省略。 There’s nothing (that) I can do about it.对此我毫无办法。 2.关系副词的省略 A.非限定性定语从句中关系副词不可以省略。 She lived in Nagoya for a couple of years,where she taught Chinese. 她在名古屋住了几年，在那儿教中文。 B.限定性定语从句中，若在口语和非正式语体中，某些表示地点、时间的名词后的关系副词可以省略。先行词the reason后面的关系副词why也可以省略。 This is the plane (where) we first met two years ago.这就是我们两年前初次见面的地方。 He still remembers the time (when) he studied in Berlin.他还记得他在柏林学习的那些日子。 补充：可以省略关系副词when的时间名词有the time，every time，each time，the moment等。 Tell me the reason (why) your brother was absent yesterday.告诉我你哥哥昨天缺席的原因。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．单项选择 1．（24-25高一下·天津·期末）At an amazing Chinese art festival, there were different stands _______artists could demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．that B．where C．when D．why 2．（24-25高二下·天津滨海新·期末）Singapore’s ArtScience Museum showed the connection between nature and the city environment ______ it sits. A．which B．where C．what D．how 3．（24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）During the intense fight in World War I, Surgent Presley led his unit through countless terrifying experiences and escaped death on a number of occasions ________ a split-second decision could have meant life or death. A．when B．where C．which D．that 4．（24-25高二下·天津红桥·期末）This is the factory__________ my father worked 20 years ago. A．which B．that C．where D．when 5．（24-25高二下·广东·期中）The teacher designed special exercises _______students’ weak points, which are the areas _______most students need improvement. A．to deal with; that B．to deal with; where C．dealing with; what D．dealing with; when 6．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）These are two pieces of information — the time of the day and the point ________ the sun is in the sky — allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. A．that B．which C．when D．where 7．（24-25高一上·天津滨海新·期末）The main reason ________ people were so excited is that pandas are just so cute! A．where B．when C．that D．why 8．（24-25高二上·天津河北·期末）Many cities provide animal shelters ________ homeless cats and dogs can be protected. A．when B．whose C．where D．which 9．（24-25高二上·天津滨海新·期末）We had a conversation ________ we focused on each other without distractions. A．that B．whose C．which D．where 10．（24-25高一上·天津西青·期末）The reason ______ we need to study history is to learn from past mistakes and successes. A．when B．that C．which D．why 11．（25-26高一上·广东深圳·期中）A good friend is a person _________ we turn for help when we are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．to whom D．with which 12．（25-26高一上·广东江门·期中）—Is this the restaurant _______ we often met five years ago? —Yes! I still remember the young waiter_______ we shared our funny stories. A．where, with whom B．which, with whom C．where, whom D．which, whom 13．（25-26高一上·上海闵行·月考）After repeated discussions, the students have decided on a final date _________ every group member ________ reading all the academic books and research papers assigned by their professor. A．by which; will finish B．to which; finishes C．on which; will have finished D．by which; will have finished 14．（25-26高一上·重庆沙坪坝·月考）The old man with ________ I often go to the park is my grandfather. A．who B．which C．that D．whom 15．（25-26高一上·重庆沙坪坝·月考）After ________ an important exam, I finally knew the reason ________ my parents had been so strict with me. A．failing; on which B．failed; how C．failing; for which D．failed; why 16．（25-26高二上·天津·月考）I honour endurance, industry and talent, because these are the ways________men achieve great ends. A．where B．why C．in which D．by which 17．（25-26高一上·天津滨海新·月考）The expressway ________ we drive to work is always crowded, so we have to leave home early every day. A．that B．which C．on that D．on which 18．（25-26高二上·广东广州·期中）It is the method she relies on _______ proves to be impractical in her new project _______ she has contributed a lot of creative ideas. A．that; with which B．which; for which C．that; to which D．what; from which 19．（25-26高一上·江苏连云港·期中）We should make friends with people ______ we can learn a lot. A．to whom B．from whom C．to which D．with whom 20．（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）The athlete to ________ the 14th National Games gold medal was awarded on Monday has already broken the Asian record twice. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 二．语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）My aunt is the only relative with I share my personal struggles. 2．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The tool with he fixed the car is very expensive. 3．（24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）Jacob was the boy for the teacher bought a book. 4．（24-25高一上·吉林·期末）Have you seen the film in the leading actor is a world-famous star called Leonardo DiCaprio? 5．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期末）The device through we can control our home appliances remotely is quiet convenient. 6．（23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Close friends are those who you can really depend on and with you have the deepest relationships. 7．（24-25高一上·福建漳州·期末）The book from I got a lot of knowledge was quite interesting. 8.（24-25高一上·广东深圳·期末）David was more than certain about getting his ideal job because the position which he applied was a perfect match for his skills. 9．（24-25高一上·福建·期末）The article shows the process which the author got used to a new environment, made new friends, and found a sense of belonging. (用适当的词填空) 10．（24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末）The colourless gas which we cannot live is called oxygen. 11．（24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末）This is the library in I spent countless hours studying during my college years. 12．（24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期末）Written Chinese has become a vital means by China’s present is connected with its past. 13．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The 1990s were a decade technological advancements revolutionized the way people communicated. 14．（24-25高一上·吉林·期末）I can still remember the time we are together. 15．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Is there a hospital around I can get some treatment for my wounded hand? 16．（23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习）Social media is a platform opinions spread rapidly. 17．（24-25高一上·福建福州·期末）That is the reason he doesn’t identify happiness with money. 18．（24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末）I didn’t pass the final test, but this wasn’t the reason I left the company. 19．（24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末）The reason the festival is celebrated every year is to honor the ancient traditions passed down through generations. 20．（24-25高一上·广东揭阳·阶段练习）There are many reasons this has been possible. （25-26高三上·安徽合肥·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Hanyi Festival, also known as Winter Clothing Festival, is an important traditional day of remembrance in China. The origins of the festival trace back to the Zhou Dynasty (11th century-256 BC), 1 people practiced the custom of bestowing winter garments. The Book of Songs records the line, “In the ninth month, winter clothing is granted”, reminding people to prepare for 2 coming cold. Over time, the first day of the tenth month became known as the Festival of Bestowing Clothes, reflecting ancient 3 (concern) for warmth and well-being. The custom gained 4 (emotion) depth through the legend of Lady Meng Jiang, who traveled thousands of miles to bring winter clothes to her husband building the Great Wall — only 5 (learn)he had died. In grief, she burned the clothes she had prepared, letting the flames carry her love to him in the afterlife. Then 6 (emerge) the enduring tradition of “burning winter clothes on the first day of the tenth month”. The Winter Clothing Festival is more 7 a ritual — it reflects the deep Chinese values of honoring ancestors, remembering one’s roots, and maintaining continuity than past and present. As autumn 8 (fade) into winter, people send warmth to those who came before them, 9 (strengthen)a spiritual bond that transcends life and death. The festival serves as a 10 (remind) to respect the past, cherish loved ones, and carry forward the traditions that shape cultural identity. （23-24高一上·天津·期末）阅读下面的短文，回答以下问题 I still remember my first day of second grade. I was led to a classroom. No teacher yet. Girls talking and laughing. Boys playing games. I took some paper and a pencil, picked a desk, and went to work. Minutes later, a girl came over and sat on top of my desk. "What are you doing?" she said. "I am doing Fun with Number" I replied. Then I rose from my seat to get my pencil sharpener. I had no idea that when I stood, the desk would fall over and hurt her leg. Her name was Lucy. From that day on we got to know each other, and she became my best friend. Now we have been close friends for more than 60 years. We often get together and recall the past. Some TV advertisements try to tell us what children need for school, new shoes, clothes, and schoolbags. But really, children's needs are simple. Besides the basics—to be fed, cared for, and loved- they need the gift of friendship. For years, I feared how people saw me. But one day, I finally understood I didn't need to be smart or pretty or popular, but just needed to be kind. My grandson William recently finished his preschool and received a prize for "friendship". Even an Olympic medal wouldn't make me prouder! I think children need to know that they are loved. They need to know they have all they need and that the best way to win friends is to be kind. 1．When and where did the author meet Lucy for the first time? 2．What was the author doing when Lucy came over? 3．How do Lucy and the author keep their friendship growing? 4．Besides the basics, what do children need for a happy school life? 5．In your opinion, what is the best way to win friends? 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业07 定语从句2（关系副词、介词+关系代词） 关系副词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1.关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，room等，where在从句中作地点状语。 ①The hotel was very clean.那家旅馆很干净。 ②We stayed there/at the hotel.我呆在那儿/那家旅馆。 ③=①+②The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。 先行词 定语从句 （where在从句中代替there或at the hotel，作地点状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述 The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more. =I got to the stage (which/that) I wasn’t coping with any more. =I got to the stage with which I wasn’t coping any more.我已经到了无法应付的阶段。 This is the house where I was born.这就是我出生的那所房子。 2.关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。 I’ll never forget the time when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。 先行词 定语从句 （when在从句中代替during the time，作时间状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. The date (when/that) he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5th. 他加入南非国民议会青年同盟的日期是8月5日。 注意：从语法来讲，这个句子中的定语从句只能用when引导，但在口语中，常用that代替when，也可以省略。 3.关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。 先行词 定语从句 （why在从句中代替reason，作原因状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述：The reason (that/for) which I got a job was that I worked hard. The reason why she was late was that she missed her plane. =The reason (that) she was late was that she missed her plane. 注意：一般来讲，在定语从句中，只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why；和when一样，在口语中，关系副词why常被that代替，也可以省略。 =The reason for which she was late was that she missed her plane. 她迟到的原因是她错过了班机。 Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason (that) she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason for which she left. 艾米没有获得加薪，但是这并不是她离开的主要原因。 The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. =The reason (that) I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. =The reason for which I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. 我给你打电话的原因是想邀请你参加一个聚会。 补充：带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型 定语从句“The reason why/that...”或“...the reason why/that...” I know the reason why she studies so well.我知道她学习好的原因。 表语从句“The reason is that...”（不能用why，否则就重复了） The reason is that he is always careless in his work.原因是他在工作中总是粗心大意。 关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词，口语用法除外。 ①This is the college (that/which) I visited.这就是我参观过的学院。 ②This is the college where I studied three years ago.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the college，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 ①I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。 ②I’ll never forget the day when I got married.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the day，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语on the way。 介词+关系代词 句型：名词/代词+介词+关系代词 简单句①The professor gave a lecture to us yesterday.那位教师昨天给我们上了一堂课。 简单句②I couldn’t understand the meaning of the lecture completely. 我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。 合成为定语从句③=①+②The professor gave us a lecture yesterday,the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely. 名词+介词+关系代词 那位教授昨天给我们上了一堂课，我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。 简单句①There are around 400 students in our grade.我们年级大约有400名学生。 简单句②Most of us are from the Xicheng District.我们中的大多数人都来自西城区。 合成为定语从句③=①+②There are around 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from the Xicheng District. 代词+介词+关系代词 我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区。 关系代词和关系副词的省略 1.关系代词的省略 A.在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。 Jane Hasek,who was my former English teacher,retired last year. 简·哈塞克今天退休了，他曾经是我的英语老师。 B.在限定性定语从句中，关系代词用作动词宾语时可以省略。 Sorry,I forget to bring the magazine (which/that) you want.对不起，我忘了把你要的杂志带过来。（which和that代替magazine，作动词want的宾语，可以省略） C.关系代词作介词宾语，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可以省略；如果介词位于定语从句的句末，关系代词可以省略。 （正）This is the government building in which my father works. （正）This is the government building (which/that) my father works in. （误）This is the government building in my father works.这是我父亲工作的政府大楼。 D.there be句型之后的定语从句中，作主语或宾语的关系代词常可以省略。 There’s nothing (that) I can do about it.对此我毫无办法。 2.关系副词的省略 A.非限定性定语从句中关系副词不可以省略。 She lived in Nagoya for a couple of years,where she taught Chinese. 她在名古屋住了几年，在那儿教中文。 B.限定性定语从句中，若在口语和非正式语体中，某些表示地点、时间的名词后的关系副词可以省略。先行词the reason后面的关系副词why也可以省略。 This is the plane (where) we first met two years ago.这就是我们两年前初次见面的地方。 He still remembers the time (when) he studied in Berlin.他还记得他在柏林学习的那些日子。 补充：可以省略关系副词when的时间名词有the time，every time，each time，the moment等。 Tell me the reason (why) your brother was absent yesterday.告诉我你哥哥昨天缺席的原因。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一．单项选择 1．（24-25高一下·天津·期末）At an amazing Chinese art festival, there were different stands _______artists could demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. A．that B．where C．when D．why 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个令人惊叹的中国艺术节上，有不同的展台，艺术家们可以在那里展示他们的技能并教游客。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句。先行词为stands，是表示地点的名词，定语从句artists could demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors中缺少地点状语，空处应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故选B项。 2．（24-25高二下·天津滨海新·期末）Singapore’s ArtScience Museum showed the connection between nature and the city environment ______ it sits. A．which B．where C．what D．how 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：新加坡的艺术科学博物馆展示了其所处位置自然与城市环境之间的联系。 空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the city environment，且在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导该定语从句。 故选B。 3．（24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）During the intense fight in World War I, Surgent Presley led his unit through countless terrifying experiences and escaped death on a number of occasions ________ a split-second decision could have meant life or death. A．when B．where C．which D．that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在第一次世界大战的激烈战斗中，瑟金特・普雷斯利率领他的部队经历了无数可怕的遭遇，多次在生死存亡的瞬间侥幸逃生。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词 occasions，表“某个具体的时间点或时机”，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导。故选A项。 4．（24-25高二下·天津红桥·期末）This is the factory__________ my father worked 20 years ago. A．which B．that C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我父亲20年前工作的工厂。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the factory，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where，故选C。 5．（24-25高二下·广东·期中）The teacher designed special exercises _______students’ weak points, which are the areas _______most students need improvement. A．to deal with; that B．to deal with; where C．dealing with; what D．dealing with; when 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词不定式和定语从句。句意：老师设计了专门的练习来处理学生的薄弱之处，这些薄弱之处也是大多数学生需要改进的地方。根据The teacher designed special exercises和students’ weak points可知，空1处应用动词不定式，作目的状语。空2处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为areas，此处是指抽象的地点，定语从句most students need improvement中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故选B项。 6．（24-25高一上·天津·期末）These are two pieces of information — the time of the day and the point ________ the sun is in the sky — allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. A．that B．which C．when D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意；这两条信息——一天中的时间和太阳在天空中的位置——让蝴蝶能够确定要走的路。______the sun is in the sky为定语从句，修饰先行词point，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故选D。 7．（24-25高一上·天津滨海新·期末）The main reason ________ people were so excited is that pandas are just so cute! A．where B．when C．that D．why 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：人们如此兴奋的主要原因是熊猫太可爱了！此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故选D。 8．（24-25高二上·天津河北·期末）Many cities provide animal shelters ________ homeless cats and dogs can be protected. A．when B．whose C．where D．which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：很多城市提供了动物避难所，在那里，无家可归的猫和狗可以得到保护。此处引导定语从句，先行词为animal shelters，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导，故选C。 9．（24-25高二上·天津滨海新·期末）We had a conversation ________ we focused on each other without distractions. A．that B．whose C．which D．where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们进行了一次专注于彼此，不受干扰的谈话。定语从句修饰先行词conversation，在从句作地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。 10．（24-25高一上·天津西青·期末）The reason ______ we need to study history is to learn from past mistakes and successes. A．when B．that C．which D．why 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们之所以需要研究历史，是为了从过去的错误和成功中吸取教训。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导，故选D。 11．（25-26高一上·广东深圳·期中）A good friend is a person _________ we turn for help when we are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．to whom D．with which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个好朋友是一个人，我们寻求帮助时，我们有困难。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是 a person（指人），且从句中隐含固定搭配 turn to sb. for help，意为“向某人求助”。定语从句的引导词需要指代先行词 a person，同时体现介词 to，因此要用 to whom。故选C项。 12．（25-26高一上·广东江门·期中）—Is this the restaurant _______ we often met five years ago? —Yes! I still remember the young waiter_______ we shared our funny stories. A．where, with whom B．which, with whom C．where, whom D．which, whom 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：——这是五年前我们常去的那家餐厅吗？——没错！我还记得那位年轻的侍者，我们一起分享了许多有趣的故事。第一个空格引导定语从句，对先行词restaurant进行限定说明，先行词指地点，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导从句。第二个空格引导定语从句，对先行词waiter进行限定说明，从句中有动词shared，需要介词with与其搭配，关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语，所以用关系代词whom。故选A项。 13．（25-26高一上·上海闵行·月考）After repeated discussions, the students have decided on a final date _________ every group member ________ reading all the academic books and research papers assigned by their professor. A．by which; will finish B．to which; finishes C．on which; will have finished D．by which; will have finished 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句意：经过反复讨论，学生们已经确定了一个最终日期，到这个日期每个小组成员都将完成教授布置的所有学术书籍和研究论文的阅读。第一空处，“____ every group member ____ reading all the academic books and research papers assigned by their professor”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a final date，关系词将其代入从句中作时间状语，表示“到这个日期的时候”，用“by +which”引导从句；第二空处，“by+时间点”常与完成时态连用，根据语境可知，这里表示到最终日期时，每个小组成员将已经完成阅读，应用将来完成时态，即will have finished。故选D项。 14．（25-26高一上·重庆沙坪坝·月考）The old man with ________ I often go to the park is my grandfather. A．who B．which C．that D．whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我经常一起去公园的那个老人是我的祖父。此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句，修饰先行词man，作介词的宾语，指人，用whom。故选D。 15．（25-26高一上·重庆沙坪坝·月考）After ________ an important exam, I finally knew the reason ________ my parents had been so strict with me. A．failing; on which B．failed; how C．failing; for which D．failed; why 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：在一次重要考试失利后，我终于明白了父母对我如此严格的原因。第一空，After为介词，后接动词 -ing 形式，failing在此处作介词宾语；第二空，先行词reason，在定语从句my parents had been so strict with me中作原因状语，for which相当于why，引导定语从句。故选C项。 16．（25-26高二上·天津·月考）I honour endurance, industry and talent, because these are the ways________men achieve great ends. A．where B．why C．in which D．by which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我尊重毅力、勤奋与天赋，因为这些是人们实现远大目标的途径。此处为定语从句修饰先行词ways，在从句作方式状语，可用in which引导。故选C。 17．（25-26高一上·天津滨海新·月考）The expressway ________ we drive to work is always crowded, so we have to leave home early every day. A．that B．which C．on that D．on which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们开车去上班所行驶的那条高速公路总是很拥挤，所以我们每天都得早早离家。此句中“_____________ we drive to work”为定语从句修饰先行词The expressway。在从句中，drive on the expressway表示“在高速公路上开车”，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以关系词需用on which，相当于on the expressway。故选D。 18．（25-26高二上·广东广州·期中）It is the method she relies on _______ proves to be impractical in her new project _______ she has contributed a lot of creative ideas. A．that; with which B．which; for which C．that; to which D．what; from which 【答案】C 【详解】考查强调句结构和定语从句。句意：正是她所依赖的这种方法，在她投入了许多创意想法的新项目中被证明并不实用。第一空与前文构成强调句结构即“It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分”，被强调部分是the method she relies on，被强调部分为物，第一空用that；第二空中contribute...to...为固定短语，意为“投入……到……；为……贡献……”，故用“介词to + 关系代词”引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指代先行词new project，为物，引导词用which，第二空用to which。故选C。 19．（25-26高一上·江苏连云港·期中）We should make friends with people ______ we can learn a lot. A．to whom B．from whom C．to which D．with whom 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们应该和能从他们身上学到很多东西的人交朋友。“______ we can learn a lot”是定语从句，先行词是“people”，在从句中，learn from sb.表示“向某人学习”，所以用from whom引导定语从句，whom指代先行词people作from的宾语。故选B项。 20．（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）The athlete to ________ the 14th National Games gold medal was awarded on Monday has already broken the Asian record twice. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：周一被授予第十四届全运会金牌的运动员已经两次打破亚洲纪录。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是The athlete，指人，且在从句中作介词to的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填D。 二．语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）My aunt is the only relative with I share my personal struggles. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我姑姑是我唯一可以倾诉个人烦恼的亲戚。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是relative，指人，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词whom，故填whom。 2．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The tool with he fixed the car is very expensive. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他修理汽车用的工具很贵。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为the tool，且在从句中，介词提前时，其空处可使用关系代词which指代物，构成with which结构。故填which。 3．（24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）Jacob was the boy for the teacher bought a book. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：雅各布就是那个老师为他买了一本书的男孩。boy后为定语从句，先行词是the boy，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词for的宾语，用whom，“介词for+关系代词whom”引导定语从句中。故填whom。 4．（24-25高一上·吉林·期末）Have you seen the film in the leading actor is a world-famous star called Leonardo DiCaprio? 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你看过那部由世界著名影星莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥主演的电影吗？此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是film，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词in的宾语，in which=where，表示“在这部电影中”。故填which。 5．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期末）The device through we can control our home appliances remotely is quiet convenient. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们可以远程控制家用电器的设备非常方便。此处为介词+关系代词结构的限定性定语从句，修饰先行词device，作介词的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6．（23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Close friends are those who you can really depend on and with you have the deepest relationships. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：亲密的朋友是那些你真正可以依靠的人，和你关系最深的人。分析句子可知，这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词是“those”，指代“close friends”（亲密的朋友），在定语从句“with __________ you have the deepest relationships”中，关系代词作介词“with”的宾语，且先行词指人，所以要用“whom”。故填whom。 7．（24-25高一上·福建漳州·期末）The book from I got a lot of knowledge was quite interesting. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我从中学到很多知识的那本书很有趣。介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词book，作介词的宾语，指物，应用which。故填which。 8.（24-25高一上·广东深圳·期末）David was more than certain about getting his ideal job because the position which he applied was a perfect match for his skills. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：大卫非常肯定能得到他理想的工作，因为他申请的职位与他的技能完全匹配。句子使用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，修饰先行词position，apply for为固定搭配，意为“申请”，故空处应填介词for。故填for。 9．（24-25高一上·福建·期末）The article shows the process which the author got used to a new environment, made new friends, and found a sense of belonging. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：这篇文章展示了作者适应新环境，结交新朋友，找到归属感的过程。此处是“介词+which”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词process，表示“在此过程中”，使用介词in。故填in。 10．（24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末）The colourless gas which we cannot live is called oxygen. 【答案】without 【详解】考查介词。句意：这种无色气体被称为氧气，没有它我们就无法生存。空格处是“介词+which”引导定语从句，句子表示“没有这种无色气体我们就无法生存”，空格处用介词without表示“没有”，故填without。 11．（24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末）This is the library in I spent countless hours studying during my college years. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我在大学期间花了无数时间学习的图书馆。空处引导定语从句，先行词the library，在定语从句中作地点状语，此处用in which构成“介词＋关系代词”结构，相当于where。故填which。 12．（24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期末）Written Chinese has become a vital means by China’s present is connected with its past. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：书面汉语已成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词means是“手段”，因此空格处用which，故填which。 13．（24-25高一上·全国·随堂练习）The 1990s were a decade technological advancements revolutionized the way people communicated. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：20世纪90年代是一个科技进步彻底改变人们交流方式的十年。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a decade，表示时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，空处应用关系副词连接。故填when。 14．（24-25高一上·吉林·期末）I can still remember the time we are together. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我们在一起的时光。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the time，作定语从句的时间状语，用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 15．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Is there a hospital around I can get some treatment for my wounded hand? 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：附近有没有医院可以让我受伤的手得到治疗吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hospital，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导从句，故填where。 16．（23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习）Social media is a platform opinions spread rapidly. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：社交媒体是一个迅速传播意见的平台。空处引导定语从句，先行词是platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 17．（24-25高一上·福建福州·期末）That is the reason he doesn’t identify happiness with money. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那就是他不把幸福视为金钱的原因。reason为先行词，在定语从句中作原因状语，关系副词为why。故填why。 18．（24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末）I didn’t pass the final test, but this wasn’t the reason I left the company. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我没有通过年终考核，但这并不是我离开公司的原因。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词reason进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导从句。故填why。 19．（24-25高一上·广东惠州·期末）The reason the festival is celebrated every year is to honor the ancient traditions passed down through generations. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：每年庆祝这个节日的原因是为了纪念代代相传的古老传统。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，引导词在从句中作原因状语用why。故填why。 20．（24-25高一上·广东揭阳·阶段练习）There are many reasons this has been possible. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有很多原因可以解释为什么这是可能的。句中先行词为reasons，在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导。故填why。 （25-26高三上·安徽合肥·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Hanyi Festival, also known as Winter Clothing Festival, is an important traditional day of remembrance in China. The origins of the festival trace back to the Zhou Dynasty (11th century-256 BC), 1 people practiced the custom of bestowing winter garments. The Book of Songs records the line, “In the ninth month, winter clothing is granted”, reminding people to prepare for 2 coming cold. Over time, the first day of the tenth month became known as the Festival of Bestowing Clothes, reflecting ancient 3 (concern) for warmth and well-being. The custom gained 4 (emotion) depth through the legend of Lady Meng Jiang, who traveled thousands of miles to bring winter clothes to her husband building the Great Wall — only 5 (learn)he had died. In grief, she burned the clothes she had prepared, letting the flames carry her love to him in the afterlife. Then 6 (emerge) the enduring tradition of “burning winter clothes on the first day of the tenth month”. The Winter Clothing Festival is more 7 a ritual — it reflects the deep Chinese values of honoring ancestors, remembering one’s roots, and maintaining continuity than past and present. As autumn 8 (fade) into winter, people send warmth to those who came before them, 9 (strengthen)a spiritual bond that transcends life and death. The festival serves as a 10 (remind) to respect the past, cherish loved ones, and carry forward the traditions that shape cultural identity. 【答案】1．when 2．the 3．concerns 4．emotional 5．to learn 6．emerged 7．than 8．fades 9．strengthening 10．reminder 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了寒衣节（授衣节）源于周代赠衣习俗，因孟姜女传说深化内涵，它不仅是祭祀仪式，更承载着祭祖思源、维系亲情的中华传统价值观。 1．考查定语从句。句意：这个节日的起源可以追溯到周朝（公元前11世纪—公元前256年），当时人们就有赠送冬衣的习俗。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Zhou Dynasty，关系词在从句作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。 2．考查冠词。句意：《诗经》中记载有“九月授衣”一语，提醒人们为即将到来的严寒做好准备。短语the coming cold表示“即将到来的寒冷天气”。故填the。 3．考查名词的数。句意：随着时间的推移，十月初一这一天逐渐被称为“授衣节”，这反映了古人对保暖和健康生活的重视。根据后文for warmth and well-being可知数量大于一用复数形式。故填concerns。 4．考查形容词。句意：这一习俗因孟姜女的传说被赋予了深厚的情感内涵——她跋山涉水，远赴千里为正在修筑长城的丈夫送去冬衣，结果却得知丈夫早已离世。修饰名词depth用形容词emotional。故填emotional。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一习俗因孟姜女的传说被赋予了深厚的情感内涵——她跋山涉水，远赴千里为正在修筑长城的丈夫送去冬衣，结果却得知丈夫早已离世。短语only to do sth.，表示“不料，结果却”，不定式作结果状语，故填to learn。 6．考查时态。句意：随后便形成了一个流传至今的传统：在农历十月的第一天焚烧旧冬衣。此处是完全倒装句，讲述过去的历史渊源，故用一般过去时。故填emerged。 7．考查固定短语。句意：寒衣节不仅仅是一种仪式——它体现了中国人深厚的尊崇祖先、铭记根源以及延续过去与现在的价值观。短语more than表示“不仅仅”。故填than。 8．考查时态。句意：随着秋天渐渐过渡到冬天，人们向那些在他们之前逝去的人传递温暖，这种情感纽带超越了生死界限，增强了彼此之间的精神联系。as引导时间状语从句，描述客观的季节更替规律，用一般现在时表常态；主语autumn 是单数，谓语用三单形式。故填fades。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着秋天渐渐过渡到冬天，人们向那些在他们之前逝去的人传递温暖，这种情感纽带超越了生死界限，增强了彼此之间的精神联系。strengthen与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填strengthening。 10．考查名词。句意：这个节日提醒人们要尊重过去、珍惜亲人，并传承那些塑造文化特质的传统。作介词的宾语，用名词reminder，不定冠词提示用单数。故填reminder。 （23-24高一上·天津·期末）阅读下面的短文，回答以下问题 I still remember my first day of second grade. I was led to a classroom. No teacher yet. Girls talking and laughing. Boys playing games. I took some paper and a pencil, picked a desk, and went to work. Minutes later, a girl came over and sat on top of my desk. "What are you doing?" she said. "I am doing Fun with Number" I replied. Then I rose from my seat to get my pencil sharpener. I had no idea that when I stood, the desk would fall over and hurt her leg. Her name was Lucy. From that day on we got to know each other, and she became my best friend. Now we have been close friends for more than 60 years. We often get together and recall the past. Some TV advertisements try to tell us what children need for school, new shoes, clothes, and schoolbags. But really, children's needs are simple. Besides the basics—to be fed, cared for, and loved- they need the gift of friendship. For years, I feared how people saw me. But one day, I finally understood I didn't need to be smart or pretty or popular, but just needed to be kind. My grandson William recently finished his preschool and received a prize for "friendship". Even an Olympic medal wouldn't make me prouder! I think children need to know that they are loved. They need to know they have all they need and that the best way to win friends is to be kind. 1．When and where did the author meet Lucy for the first time? 2．What was the author doing when Lucy came over? 3．How do Lucy and the author keep their friendship growing? 4．Besides the basics, what do children need for a happy school life? 5．In your opinion, what is the best way to win friends? 【答案】1．They met in the classroom on the first day of second grade. 2．He/ She was doing Fun with Number. 3．They often get together and recall the past. 4．They need (the gift of ) friendship. 5．In my opinion, to be kind is the best way to win friends. 【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者二年级第一次见到好朋友Lucy时的情景，以及他们之后持续了六十年的友谊。作者告诉我们，友谊对孩子来说是除了基本需求之外最珍贵的东西，而赢得朋友的最好方式就是友善。 1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“I still remember my first day of second grade. I was led to a classroom.（我仍然记得二年级的第一天，我被带到教室）”以及第五段“Her name was Lucy. From that day on we got to know each other, and she became my best friend.（她的名字是Lucy，从那天起，我们彼此认识并且她变成了我最好的朋友）”，可知，二年级的第一天，作者在教室里遇见了Lucy，故答案为They met in the classroom on the first day of second grade。 2．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“I am doing Fun with Number”可知，当Lucy过来的时候，作者正在玩Fun with Number，故答案为He/ She was doing Fun with Number。 3．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“We often get together and recall the past.（我们经常聚在一起回忆过去。）”可知，作者和Lucy通过相聚和回忆过去保持友谊，故答案为They often get together and recall the past。 4．考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“Besides the basics—to be fed, cared for, and loved- they need the gift of friendship.（除了基本的喂养、关心和爱，他们需要的是友谊这份礼物。）”可知，除了基本需求，孩子们还需要友谊。故答案为They need (the gift of ) friendship。 5．考查观点态度。本题为开放性试题：在你看来，赢得朋友的最好方法是什么？回答的时候要注意句子的完整性，句子语法表达要正确，也可参考文章最后一句话“They need to know they have all they need and that the best way to win friends is to be kind.（他们需要知道他们拥有他们所需要的一切，而赢得朋友的最好方式就是友善。）”，故参考答案为In my opinion, to be kind is the best way to win friends。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $