Unit 4 Space Exploration二-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 必修三·人教版·Unit4 Space Exploration二 一、 重点单词详解 1:atmospheric 二、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.大气的；大气层的；有氛围的 二、必记搭配与例句 atmospheric pressure（大气压力) atmospheric conditions（大气状况) an atmospheric novel/film(一部有氛围的小说/电影) 三、重点用法 构词法：由atmosphere去e+-ic构成 -ic为常见形容词后缀，表示.…的”，如historic(历史的)、economic(经济的) 2:radioactive 、 核心考点】 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.放射性的：有辐射的 二、必记搭配与例句 radioactive material(放射性物质) radioactive waste(放射性废料) radioactive decay(放射性衰变) 三、重点用法 构词法：由adio-+active构成，字面含义'放射活性的” 复合形容词构成法：前缀+形容词，如worldwide(全世界的)、waterproof(防水的) 3:hazard 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词（v.) 核心义：n.危险；危害；t.冒…的危险 二、必记搭配与例句 environmental hazard（环境危害) health hazard（健康危害) at hazard(在危险中；随便地) hazard a guess（斗胆猜测) hazard one's life(冒生命危险) 三、重点辨析 hazard vs.danger::hazard更强调潜在的、可能导致伤害的危险源头，danger泛指任何可 能造成伤害的情况。如：Smoking is a health hazard.(吸烟是健康危害。)；There is danger in the forest.(森林里有危险。) 4:survival 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.生存；存活；幸存事物 二、必记搭配与例句】 survival skills(生存技能) the survival of the fittest(适者生存) struggle for survival(为生存而斗争) 三、重点用法 构词法：由survive去e+-al构成 -al为常见名词后缀，表示.…的行为或状态”，如arrival（到达)、1 efusal(拒绝) 5:overcome 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：vt.(overcame,.overcome)克服；战胜；解决 二、必记搭配与例句 overcome difficulties(克服困难) overcome fear(战胜恐惧) be overcome with emotion(被情绪所压倒) 三、重点用法 过去式/过去分词：overcame/,aUva'kem,overcome(不规则变化) over为常见前缀，表示”越过；超过；克服”，如overwork（过度工作)、overcome（克 服)、overtake(超过) 6:obstacle 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.障碍：阻碍：障碍物 二、必记搭配与例句 overcome an obstacle(克服障碍) face obstacles(面对障碍) obstacle to progress(进步的障碍) 三、重点辨析 obstacle vs.barrier:obstacle指阻碍前进或发展的具体事物或抽象概念，barrier更强调起 分隔作用的屏障或阻碍交流、通行的障碍。如：Lack of education is an obstacle to success (缺乏教育是成功的障碍。)；Language is a barrier between cultures.(语言是不同文化之 间的障碍。) 7:breakthrough 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.突破；重大进展 必记搭配与例句 make a breakthrough(取得突破) scientific breakthrough(科学突破) breakthrough in sth.(在某方面的突破) 三、 重点用法 构词法：由break through复合而成 复合名词构成法：动词短语直接转化为名词，如breakdown(故障；崩溃)、takeover(接 管) 8:achievement 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.成就；成绩；达到 二、 必记搭配与例句 great achievements(伟大成就) academic achievement(学业成绩) sense of achievement（成就感) 三、】 重点用法 构词法：由achieve+-ment构成 -ment为常见名词后缀，表示”行为的结果或过程”，如development(发展)、movement (运动) 9:accomplish 、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t完成；实现；达到 二、必记搭配与例句 accomplish a task(完成任务) accomplish one's goal(实现目标) accomplish much(取得很大成就) 重点辨析 accomplish vs.achieve vs.finish:accomplish强调通过努力成功完成某事，常接task,goal 等；achieve强调通过努力达到目标或取得成就，常接success,goal等；finish强调完成 具体的事情，如工作、作业等。如：She accomplished the project on time.(她按时完成 了项目。)；He achieved his dream of becoming a doctor.(他实现了当医生的梦想。)；I finished my homework.(我完成了作业。) 10:attempt 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n) 核心义：vt.企图；试图：尝试；n.尝试；努力 二、 必记搭配与例句 attempt to do sth.（试图做某事) attempt the impossible(尝试不可能的事) make an attempt to do sth.(试图做某事) in an attempt to（为了；试图) a failed attempt(失败的尝试) 三、重点用法 固定搭配：make an attempt to do sth.=attempt to do sth.,如：She made an attempt to climb the mountain..=She attempted to climb the mountain.（她试图爬那座山。) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The_conditions in the mountains can change rapidly,so climbers must be prepared. A)atmosphere B)atmospheric C)atmospherically D)atmospheres 2.Nuclear power plants produce_waste that needs special treatment A)radio B)radiation C)radioactive D)radiate 3.Smoking is a serious health_and should be banned in public places. A)hazard B)danger C)risk D)harm 4.The documentary shows how animals struggle for in the harsh desert environment. A)survive B)survivor C)survival D)surviving 5.With great determination,she her fear of public speaking and gave a successful speech. A)overcame B)overcame C)overcome D)overcomes 6.Lack of funding has become a major_to the project's progress A)barrier B)obstacle C)difficulty D)problem 7.Scientists have made a major in the treatment of this rare disease. A)break B)through C)breakthrough D)breaking 8.Winning the Nobel Prize is considered the highest_in the field of science A)achieve B)achievement C)achievable D)achieving 9.It took the team three months to the challenging task assigned by the company. A)finish B)achieve C)accomplish D)complete 10.He_to solve the math problem,but finally gave up after several attempts A)managed B)attempted C)succeeded D)tried (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The(atmosphere)pressure decreases as altitude increases. 2.Exposure to_(radioactivity)materials can cause serious illness 3.The government is taking measures to reduce environmental-(hazard). 4.These skills are essential for(survive)in the wild. 5.She has(overcome)many difficulties to pursue her dream. 6.The biggest_(obstacle)to learning a new language is lack of practice 7.The research team announced a significant_(breakthrough)in cancer treatment. 8.Her academic_(achieve)have earned her a scholarship to study abroad. 9.We need to (accomplish)the project before the end of this month. 10.He made an(attempt)to apologize,but she refused to listen. （三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The a pressure at sea level is higher than on mountaintops. 2.Rwaste must be stored in lead containers to prevent radiation leaks. 3.Chemical factories near residential areas pose a serious h to public health. 4.The survival of the fittest is a basic principle of natural s 5.With the support of her family,she oher shyness and became a confident speaker. 6.Language differences can be a major oto international communication. 7.The new technology marks a bin renewable energy development 8.His greatest a is founding a charity to help homeless children 9.The team worked day and night to a the task ahead of schedule. 10.In an a to save time,he skipped breakfast and rushed to work. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B C A C BB C B C B 2.补全句子答案： 1.atmospheric 2.radioactive 3.hazards 4.survival 5.overcome 6.obstacle 7.breakthrough 8.achievements 9.accomplish 10.attempt 3.首字母填空答案： 1.atmospheric 2.Radioactive 3.hazard 4.selection 5.overcame 6.obstacle 7.breakthrough 8.achievement 9.accomplish 10.attempt 英语词汇复习手册·必修三·Unit4 Space Exploration二