Unit 3 Environmental Protection一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·人教版·Unit3 EnvironmentalProtection一 “、 重点单词详解 1:emission 二、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.排放物：散发物；排放 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：emit/i'nrt/(vt.排放；散发) 名词：emission(由emit+-sion名词后缀构成) 形容词：emissive/i'mIsIV/(adj山.发射的：散发的，较少见) 三、用法与常见搭配 carbon dioxide emission(二氧化碳排放) emission reduction(减排) control/promote emission(控制/促进排放) 四、重点辨析 形近词辨析：emission(n.排放)vs.mission(n.任务)vs.permission(n.允许) 固定短语：greenhouse gas emissions(温室气体排放) 2:sustain 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t维持；遭受；承受住 三、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：sustainable /sa'sternabl/(adj.可持续的；合理利用的) 名词：sustainability/sa,sterne'brlati/(n.可持续性) 名词：sustenance/sAstenens/(n.食物；生计，较少见) 三、用法与常见搭配 sustain life(维持生命) sustain damage/Moss(遭受损害/损失) sustain an injury(受伤) sustain economic growth(维持经济增长) 四、重点辨析 sustain vs.maintair:均有”维持”义，sustair侧重”长时间支撑”或”承受压力”，maintain 侧重？保持现有状态？（如maintain order) 派生词：sustainable development(可持续发展，高频考点) 3:comprehensive 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：comprehend/,komprI'hend/(t.理解；包含) 名词：comprehension/komprI'henn(n.理解；理解力) 形容词：comprehensive(由comprehend+-ive构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 comprehensive analysis(（全面分析) comprehensive report（详尽报告) comprehensive education(综合教育) comprehensive exam(综合考试) 四、重点辨析 comprehensive vs.complete:comprehensive强调”内容全面，complete强调”整体完整” (如a complete story) 副词：comprehensively/,kpmprI'hensrvli/(全面地) 4:release 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：vt&n.排放；释放；发布 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀re-(再；重新)+lease-release(字面义”重新放开) 三、用法与常见搭配 release gas（排放气体) release information(发布信息) release sb.from prison(释放某人出狱) release pressure(释放压力) the release of energy(能量释放) press release(新闻稿) 四、重点辨析 1 elease vs.emit:均有”排放”义，release可用于人/物/抽象事物（如release a movie), emit仅用于散发气体/光/热” 固定短语：release..nto.（将…释放到…中) 5:habitable 一、核心考点 词性：形容词（ad.) 核心义：adj.适合居住的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：habit/haebrt/(n.习惯；住所) 动词：inhabit/m'haebrt/(vt.居住于；栖息) 名词：habitat/'haebrtaet/(n.栖息地) 形容词：habitable(由habit+-able构成，表”可…的) 三、用法与常见搭配 habitable planet(宜居行星) make a place habitable(使某地适合居住) 四、重点辨析 habitable vs..inhabited:habitable表”具备居住条件”，inhabited表”已有人居住”（如an inhabited island) 反义词：ninhabitable/,urn'haebrtabl/(adj.不适宜居住的) 6:trend 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.趋势；趋向；动向 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：end /trend/(vi.倾向；趋向，较少见) 形容词：endy /'trendi/（adj.时髦的；流行的) 三、用法与常见搭配 follow a trend（跟随趋势) upward/downward trend(上升/下降趋势) social trend(社会趋势)》 economic trend(经济趋势) 四、重点辨析 trend vs.tendency:end侧重”社会/市场的流行趋势”，tendency侧重？个人或事物的内 在倾向”（如a tendency to talk loudly) 固定句型：There is a trend towards.(有…的趋势) 7:melt 一、核心考点 词性：动词(i.&t) 核心义：vⅵ.&t.(使)融化：熔化：软化 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：melting/melt恤/(n.融化；熔化) 形容词：nelted/meltrd(adj.融化的，如melted butter) 形容词：molten/meultan/(adj.熔化的，仅用于金属/岩石，如molten lava) 三、用法与常见搭配 melt into(融化成；融入) melt away(渐渐消失；融化掉) melt down(熔化；毁掉) ice melts(冰融化) 四、重点辨析 melt vs.dissolve:melt指固体遇热融化”（如ice melts),dissolve指”固体在液体中溶 解？（如sugar dissolves in water） 固定短语：melt one's heart(软化某人的心) 8:starve 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(i.&vt) 核心义：vi.&叶.（使）挨饿；饿死 二、构词法)（词性转换） 名词：starvation/sta:'ver/(n.饥饿；挨饿) 形容词：starving/sta:vT/(adj.饥饿的；渴望的) 三、用法与常见搭配 starve to death(饿死) starve for sth.(渴望某物，如starve for attention) be starved of(缺乏…，如be starved of resources) 四、重点辨析 starve vs..hunger:starve强调”因缺乏食物导致的严重饥饿”，hunger可作名词或动词， 侧重”生理饥饿感？（如hunger for knowledge) 固定句型：I'm starving..（口语：我饿极了。) 9:graph 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.图；图表；曲线图 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：gra即ph/gra:f(t.用图表表示，较少见) 名词：graphic/graefik/（adj.图表的；生动的)》 名词：graphics/grafiks/(n.图形；图表学) 三、用法与常见搭配 line graph（折线图) bar graph(柱状图) pie graph(饼图) draw a graph(画图表) 四、重点辨析 graph vs.chat:graph侧重”用线条/数据显示关系”（如数学曲线图），chat泛指'任何 图表（如flow chart流程图） 派生词：graphical /'grafi/（adj.图形的；图解的) 10:ecological 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.生态的；生态学的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：ecology /i'kplad3i/(n.生态；生态学) 形容词：ecological(由ecology+-ical构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 ecological balance（生态平衡) ecological system(生态系统) ecological protection（生态保护) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The government has taken measures to control greenhouse gas_ A)emit B)emission C)emissive D)emitting 2.We need to find ways to_economic growth without harming the environment. A)maintain B)sustain C)contain D)retain 3.The report provides aanalysis of the current situation. A)complete B)comprehensive C)thorough D)total 4.The factory was ordered to stop_toxic gases into the air. A)releasing B)emitting C)giving D)sending 5.This planet is consideredbecause of its suitable temperature and water. A)inhabited B)habit C)habitable D)habitat 6.There is a growing_towards online learning in recent years. A)trend B)tendency C)direction D)fashion 7.The sun's heat caused the snow toquickly. A)dissolve B)melt C)soften D)disappear 8.Many animals_to death during the drought. A)hunger B)starve C)suffer D)die 9.The data is clearly presented in the form of a_ A)chart B)graph C)map D)diagram 10.Human activities have a great impact on thebalance. A)ecology B)ecological C)environment D)environmental (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The company aims to reduce carbon dioxide_(emit)by 30%next year. 2.(sustain)development is crucial for the future of our planet. 3.She has a good(comprehend)of English grammar. 4.The_(release)of the new software will be delayed until next month. 5.The team conducted a_(science)study on climate change. 6.The_(melt)of polar ice is a serious environmental problem. 7.Thousands of people died of(starve)during the war. 8.The(graph)design of the report makes the data easier to understand. 9.We need to take(ecology)factors into consideration 10.The government has launched a_(comprehend)plan to protect wildlife. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The factory was fined for its harmful e into the river. 2.It is difficult to s_such a large family with low income. 3.The book provides a coverview of world history. 4.The prisoner was rafter serving 10 years in jail. 5.Scientists are searching for hplanets outside the solar system 6.The tof working from home has increased since the pandemic. 7.The ice cream will m_ifyou leave it in the sun. 8.Without enough food,the villagers might s this winter. 9.Please draw a line gto show the changes in temperature. 10.Protecting the esystem is everyone's responsibility. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BBB A CA BBBB 解析1（第1题）： 考查emission的固定用法。emission表示”排放物；散发物”，符合句意”政府已采取措 施控制温室气体排放”；emit是动词形式，emissive是形容词形式，均不符合语法要求， 故选B。 解析2（第2题）： 考查sustair的固定用法。sustain表示”维持”，符合句意”我们需要找到在不损害环境 的情况下维持经济增长的方法”；maintain虽也有”维持”义，但sustain更侧重”长时间 支撑，符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第4题）： 考查1 release的固定用法。1 elease表示”排放”，符合句意”工厂被勒令停止向空气中排放 有毒气体”；emit虽也有”排放”义，但release可用于抽象事物，更符合语境，故选A。 2.补全句子答案： 1.emissions 2.Sustainable 3.comprehension 4.release 5.scientific 6.melting 7.starvation 8.graphic 9.ecological 10.comprehensive 3.首字母填空答案： 1.emissions 2.sustain 3.comprehensive 4.released 5.habitable 6.trend 7.melt 8.starve 9. graph 10.ecological 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit3 Environmental Protection一