Unit 4 Adversity and Courage一-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·人教版·Unit4 AdversityandCourage一 一、 重点单词详解 1:adversity 「一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.困境；逆境 二、必记搭配与例句 face/meet adversity(面对逆境)：He showed great courage in the face of adversity. overcome adversity(克服困境)：We must learn to overcome adversity suffer from adversity(遭受不幸)：Many people suffered from adversity during the war. in adversity(在逆境中)：True friends are those who stand by you in adversity. through adversity（经历逆境)：She grew stronger through adversity 三、重点辨析 adversity vs.misfortune:adversity强调长期的、持续的艰难处境或不幸，常涉及挑战和 奋斗：misfortune侧重指意外的、偶然的不幸事件或坏运气，程度可轻可重。 例：He showed great courage in the face of adversity.(他在逆境中表现出极大的勇气。) 例：Her life was marked by one misfortune after another..(她的一生遭遇了一个又一个不 幸。) 2:endurance 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.忍耐力；耐久力 二、必记搭配与例句 test one's endurance(考验某人的耐力)：Long-distance running is a test of endurance. build up endurance(增强耐力)：Regular exercise helps to build up physical endurance. have great endurance（有很强的耐力)：His endurance was beyond belief.. beyond endurance(忍无可忍)：His patience was beyond endurance during the long wait.. capacity for endurance(耐力)：She has an amazing capacity for endurance. 三、重点用法 固定短语：endurance test(耐力测试) endurance race(耐力赛) 3:vigour (NAmE vigor) 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.精力；力量：活力 、 必记搭配与例句 full of vigour(充满活力)：The young athlete is full of vigour. with vigour(精神抖擞地；有力地)：He worked with renewed vigour after the vacation, lose vigour(失去活力)：The plant began to lose vigour without enough sunlight. mental vigour(精神活力)：Reading helps to maintain mental vigour. physical vigour(体力)：Regular exercise builds up physical vigour.. 三、重点辨析 vigour vs.ene1gy:vigour强调行动中的活力和力量，常指事物的蓬勃生机或人的精力充 沛；energy普通用词，指生理上的活力、物理学上的能量或工作、活动所需的精力。 例：He worked with renewed vigour.(他以新的活力投入工作。) 例：Young people usually have more energy than the old..(年轻人通常比老年人精力更充 沛。) 4:qualified “、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.符合资格；具备…的知识（或技能、学历等） 二、必记搭配与例句 qualified for sth.(有…的资格)：She is qualified for the job qualified as sth.(取得…的资格)：You need to qualify as a doctor first. highly qualified(非常合格的)：We need highly qualified teachers. fully qualified（完全合格的)：He is now a fully qualified engineer. qualified teacher(合格教师)：Only qualified teachers can be admitted to this school. qualified candidate(合格候选人)：We are looking for qualified candidates. 三、重点用法 反义词：nqualified（adj.不合格的；无资格的；绝对的) 动词qualify用法： qualify for(有资格获得；具备…的条件) qualify as(取得…的资格) qualify sb.to do sth.(使某人有资格做某事) 5:enthusiastic 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.热情的；热心的 二、必记搭配与例句 enthusiastic about sth./sb.(对某事/某人热情)：They were enthusiastic about the new plan enthusiastic in doing sth.（热心做某事)：She is enthusiastic in helping others. enthusiastic supporter（热情的支持者)：He is an enthusiastic supporter of the team enthusiastic response(热烈的反响)：The proposal received an enthusiastic response. 三、重点辨析 enthusiastic vs.eager:enthusiastic指对某事充满热情和浓厚兴趣，常带有积极、兴奋的 情感；eager强调急于做某事或渴望得到某物，侧重内心的急切心情。 例：They were enthusiastic about the new plan.（他们对这个新计划充满热情。) 例：She is eager to learn English.(她渴望学习英语。) 6:assign 核心考点 词性：动词(vt.) 核心义：t分派；布置；分配 二、必记搭配与例句 assign sth.tosb.(把某4物分配给某人)：The teacher assigned homework to the students. assign sb.to do sth.（指派某人做某事)：The manager assigned him to complete the report. assign sb.to sth.(指派某人担任某职务/去某地)：He was assigned to the marketing department. 例：The teacher assigned us a lot of homework.(老师给我们布置了很多作业。) 例：He was assigned to the marketing department..（他被分配到市场部。) 三、重点辨析 assign vs.allocate:assign指按照某种原则或计划把人或事物分配给特定的人或部门，常 接任务、工作、角色等；allocate强调为特定目的而在不同对象间合理分配资源、时间、 金钱等。 例：The manager assigned each of us a different task.(经理给我们每个人分配了不同的任 务。) 例：We need to allocate more time to this project..(我们需要为这个项目分配更多时间。) 7:abandon 、 核心考点 词性：动词(t.) 核心义：vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 二、必记搭配与例句 abandon sth./sb.(抛弃某物/某人)：He abandoned his wife and children abandon doing sth.(放弃做某事)：She abandoned hope of ever seeing her brother again abandon oneself to sth.(沉溺于某事)：Don't abandon yourself to despair. 例：He abandoned his wife and children.(他抛弃了妻子和孩子。) 例：She abandoned hope of ever seeing her brother again.(她放弃了再见到哥哥的希望。) 例：Don't abandon yourself to despair.(不要陷入绝望。) 三、重点辨析 abandon vs..desert:abandon强调完全、彻底地放弃，可能是自愿的，也可能是被迫的， 对象可以是人、物或计划等；desert指故意抛弃某人或某物，尤 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.She showed great courage in the face of_ A)adversity B)misfortune C)energy D)enthusiasm 2.Long-distance running is a test of A)vigour B)endurance C)qualification D)assignment 3.He worked with renewed_after the vacation A)energy B)enthusiasm C)vigour D)abandon 4.Only teachers can be admitted to this school. A)qualified B)enthusiastic C)vigorous D)adverse 5.The students areabout the coming sports meeting. A)eager B)enthusiastic C)qualified D)energetic 6.The teacher__each student a different task. A)abandoned B)assigned C)qualified D)endured 7.Don't yourself to despair even in difficult times. A)abandon B)desert C)assign D)endure 8.His patience wasduring the long wait. A)beyond endurance B)in adversity C)full of vigour D)qualified for 9.You need to as a doctor before practicing medicine. A)qualify B)assign C)endure D)abandon 10.We need to more time to this important project. A)abandon B)assign C)allocate D)qualify (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.His_(endure)during the marathon surprised everyone. 2.She has the necessary-(qualify)for the job. 3.The team showed great(enthusiastic)in the competition. 4.He made a_(vigor)speech at the meeting. 5.The(assign)given by the teacher is due next Monday. 6.(Abandon)of pets is illegal in many countries. 7.She responded_(enthusiastic)to the new plan. 8.The(adverse)weather conditions delayed the flight. 9.Regular exercise helps to build up physical-(endure) 10.He has the(qualify)to teach English at university level. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Facing a bravely is an important life skill 2.This job requires a lot of physical eand mental focus. 3.The young athlete has great eand can run very fast. 4.She is hqualified for the position with her rich experience. 5.The children were eabout going to the amusement park. 6.The manager a him to work in the sales department. 7.He a his studies after failing the exam,which disappointed his parents. 8.The long journey tested their eto the limit. 9.The company is looking for someone with vand creativity 10.You need to get the proper q before applying for this job. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A B CA B BAAA C 解析1（第1题)： 考查adversity的固定用法。in the face of adversity表示面对逆境”，符合句意”她在逆 境中表现出极大的勇气”；misfortune表示”不幸”，energy表示”能量”，enthusiasm表 示”热情”，均不符合语境，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查endurar1ce的固定用法。a test of endurance表示”对耐力的考验”，符合句意”长跑 是对耐力的考验；vigour表示”活力”，qualification表示？资格”，assignment表示”任 务”，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第6题）： 考查assign的固定用法。assign sb.sth.表示”给某人分配某物”，符合句意”老师给每个 学生分配了不同的任务”；abandon表示”放弃”，qualify表示”使合格”，endure表示”忍 受”，均不符合语境，故选B。 2.补全句子答案： 1.endurance 2.qualifications 3.enthusiasm 4.vigorous 5.assignment 6.Abandonment 7. enthusiastically 8.adverse 9.endurance 10.qualification 3.首字母填空答案： 1.adversity 2.endurance 3.energy 4.highly 5.enthusiastic 6.assigned 7.abandoned 8.en- durance 9.vigour 10.qualification 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit4Adve1 sity and Courage一