Unit 4 Adversity and Courage二-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·人教版·Unit4 AdversityandCourage.二 一、重点单词详解 1:miserable 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：misery(n.痛苦；不幸) 形容词：miserable（由misery+-able构成，表”可…的) 副词：miserably(miserable+-ly) 三、必记搭配与例句 常作表语或定语：a miserable life（悲惨的生活)；feel miserable(感到痛苦) 固定搭配：be miserable about sth.(因某事而痛苦)；make sb.miserable(使某人痛苦) 四、重点辨析 miserable VS unhappy:miserable语气更强，指'极度痛苦的”；happy侧重不开心 的”，程度较轻。 2:decent 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词（ad山j.) 核心义：adj.相当不错的：正派的：得体的 二、构词法（词性转换） 副词：decently(decent+-ly) 名词：decency(decent去y变i+-ency) 、 必记搭配与例句 描述人或事物：a decent person（正派的人)；decent pay(不错的薪水) 固定搭配：be decent to sb.(对某人友好)；in a decent way(以得体的方式) 四、拓展用法 口语中表”相当好的”：The movie was decent.(这部电影还不错。) 3:genuine 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 二、构词法（词性转换） 副词：genuinely（genuine+-ly) 名词：genuineness(genuine+-ness) 三、必记搭配与例句 修饰名词：genuine leather(真皮)；genuine concern(真诚的关心) 固定搭配：be genuine about sth.(对某事真诚) 四、重点辨析 genuine VS real:genuine强调”非伪造的，发自内心的；real侧重”客观存在的'。 4:perseverance 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.毅力：韧性；不屈不挠的精神 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：persevere(/,p3srIa()y,i.坚持) 形容词：persevering(persevere去e+-ing,表”坚持不懈的”) 三、必记搭配与例句 不可数名词：with perseverance(凭借毅力)；show perseverance（表现出毅力) 动词搭配：persevere in doing sth.(坚持做某事) 四、拓展用法 固定句型：Perseverance is the key to success.(毅力是成功的关键。) 5:resolve 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：vi.&t.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n.决心；坚定的信念 构词法（词性转换） 名词：resolution(/reZ'lu:m/,决议；解决；坚定) 形容词：resolved(resolve去e+-ed,表”坚决的) 三、必记搭配与例句 动词用法：resolve to do sth.(决心做某事)；resolve a problem(解决问题) 名词用法：make a resolve(下定决心)；with resolve(坚定地) 四、重点辨析 resolve VS solve:resolve侧重’下定决心”或”解决矛盾/分歧；solve侧重解决难题/问 题”。 6:thorough 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 副词：horoughly(thorough+-y) 名词：thoroughness(thorough+-ness) 三、必记搭配与例句 修饰名词或动词：a thorough investigation（彻底的调查)；clean thoroughly(彻底打扫) 固定搭配：be thorough in sth.(在某方面细致) 四、拓展用法 同义词：complete(彻底的)，但horough更强调”细致入微”。 7:unfortunately 一、核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.不幸地；遗憾地 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：unfortunate(n-否定前缀+fortunate,不幸的) 名词：misfortune(mis-否定前缀+fortune,.不幸) 反义词：fortunately(幸运地) 三、必记搭配与例句 句首或句中作状语：Unfortunately,.he missed the train.(不幸的是，他错过了火车。) 四、重点辨析 unfortunately VS sadly:nfo1 tunately侧重”运气不好；sady侧重？令人悲伤地”。 8: cruel 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 构词法（词性转换） 副词：cruelly(cuel+-ly) 名词：cruelty(cuel去e+-ty) 三、 必记搭配与例句 修饰名词或人：a cruel act(残忍的行为)：be cruel to animals（对动物残忍) 固定搭配：it's cruel of sb.to do sth.(某人做某事很残忍) 四、拓展用法 派生词：cuel-hearted(adj.狠心的) 9:resolve 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：i.&t.决定；决心：解决（问题或困难）n.决心：坚定的信念 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：resolution(/rez3lu:n,决议；解决；坚定) 形容词：resolved(esolve去e+-ed,表”坚决的) 三、必记搭配与例句 补充搭配：resolve on sth.(决定某事)；resolve into(分解为) 四、拓展用法 写作句型：We must resolve to overcome difficulties.(我们必须决心克服困难。) 10:perseverance 、一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：persevere(/,p3:sT'I)/,i.坚持) 形容词：persevering(persevere去e+-ing,表”坚持不懈的”) 三、必记搭配与例句 补充搭配：perseverance in the face of failure(面对失败的毅力) 四、拓展用法 名言引用：Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perseverance..(天才是 1%的灵感加99%的汗水。) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.She felt after failing the exam for the third time. A)miserable B)unhappy C)decent D)genuine 2.The old man is known for his_and often helps neighbors in need. A)cruelty B)decency C)misfortune D)perseverance 3.This watch is made of gold,not just painted A)real B)true C)genuine D)actual 4.With great he finally climbed to the top of the mountain A)resolve B)perseverance C)cruelty D)decency 5.We need to_this problem before it gets worse A)solve B)resolve C)decide D)determine 6.The police carried out asearch of the suspect's house. A)thorough B)complete C)total D)whole 7.,the concert was canceled due to bad weather. A)Sadly B)Unluckily C)Unfortunately D)Sadly 8.It is_to abandon homeless animals in winter. A)cruel B)cruel-hearted C)kindly D)decent 9.He made a_to study abroad next year. A)resolution B)resolve C)decision D)determination 10.efforts are needed to achieve your goals. A)Persevering B)Persevered C)Perseverance D)Persevere (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.She smiledwhen she heard the good news.(genuine) 2.The team_through the difficult training and won the championship.(perseverance) 3.After a_cleaning,the room looked brand new.(thorough) 4.His in helping others earned him respect from everyone.(kind) 5.The_of the accident made everyone sad.(cruel) 6.We should face challenges with_.(resolve) 7.,I forgot to bring my ID card to the exam.(fortunate) 8.He spoke__about his childhood experiences.(honest) (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The refugees led a m life without enough food and shelter. 2.A dperson always treats others with respect and fairness. 3.Her g concern for the poor moved many people to donate. 4.Success requires not only talent but also p 5.The manager called a meeting to r the conflict between two departments. 6.The scientist did a t research before publishing the paper. 7.U,the project had to be stopped because of funding issues 8.It is c to laugh at people with disabilities. 9.He has a strong r to quit smoking and has never touched a cigarette since 10.The company's success is due to the pefforts of all employees. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AB CB B ACAA A 解析1（第1题）： 考查miserable的用法。miserable表示”痛苦的；令人难受的，符合句意”她第三次考 试失败后感到痛苦”；mhappy程度较轻，decent表示”得体的”，genuine表示”真诚的”， 均不符合语境，故选A。 解析2（第2题）： 考查decency的用法。decency表示”正派；得体，符合句意”这位老人以他的正派而闻 名，经常帮助有需要的邻居”；cruelty表示”残忍”，misfortune表示？不幸”，perseverance 表示”毅力”，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第6题）： 考查thorough的用法。thorough表示”彻底的；深入的”，符合句意”警方对嫌疑人的房 子进行了彻底的搜查；complete、total、whole都表示”完全的”，但thorough更强调” 细致入微”，故选A。 2.补全句子答案： 1.genuinely 2.persevered 3.thorough 4.kindness 5.cruelty 6.resolution 7.Unfortunately 8 honestly 3.首字母填空答案： 1.miserable 2.decent 3.genuine 4.perseverance 5.resolve 6.thorough 7.Unfortunately 8. cruel 9.resolve 10.persevering 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit4 Adversity and Courage二