内容正文:
期末词汇复习
选修3·人教版·Unit1Art
一、
重点单词详解
1:precise
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.准确的;精确的
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:cise(切割,如decide'决定),pre-(前缀”预先”),字面意为预先切好的”,引
申为”精确的”。
副词:precisely(pII'saIsli/,由precise-+-y构成)
名词:precision(prsI3n/,精密;精确性,由precise去e+-ion构成)
三、用法与常见搭配
a precise measurement/calculation(精确的测量/计算)
be precise about sth.(对某事很精确)
precisely3o'clock(正好3点)
Precisely!(的确如此;正是!)
四、重点辨析
precise vs.accurate:均含准确”之意。precise侧重细节精确(如数据、描述),accurate
侧重与事实一致(如结果、信息)。
例:a precise figure(精确数字);an accurate report(准确报告)
2:realistic
一、
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.现实的;逼真的
构词法(词性转换)
词根:real(真实的),-ist(名词后缀”人),-ic(形容词后缀)。
名词:realism(/'i:olrzom/,现实主义;务实作风,由realist去t+-ism构成)
名词:realist(/i:lst/,现实主义者,由real+-ist构成)
动词:ealize(/'i:elarz,意识到;实现,注意拼写差异)
三、用法与常见搭配
be realistic about sth.(对某事持现实态度)
a realistic goal/dream(切合实际的目标/梦想)
realistic painting/sculpture(逼真的绘画/雕塑)
四、拓展
反义形容词:unrealistic(不切实际的)
3:primitive
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)、名词(n.)
核心义:adj.发展水平低的;原始的;远古的n.文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品)
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:pim(第一,最初,如primaryi”初级的),-itive(形容词后缀)。
副词:primitively('primatrvli/,原始地;简陋地,由primitive+-y构成)
名词:primitiveness(原始性;简陋)
三、用法与常见搭配
primitive society/,tools(原始社会/工具)
primitive art(原始艺术)
in primitive times(在远古时代)
四、重点辨析
primitive vs..original:primitive强调”早期的、未开化的”,original强调”最初的、原创
的”。
例:primitive tribes(原始部落);original idea(原创想法)
4:humanistic
核心考点
词性:形容词(ad山j.)
核心义:adj.人文主义的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:hman(人),-it(名词后缀”人),-ic(形容词后缀)。
名词:humanity(hju:'maeneti/,人性;人道;人类,集体名词,不可数)
名词:humanist(人文主义者,由hman+-ist构成)
形容词:human(人的;人类的)
三、
用法与常见搭配
humanistic education(人文教育)
humanistic values(人文价值观)
humanity(n.):concern for humanity(对人性的关怀):all humanity(全人类)
四、注意
humanity作”人类时不可数,无复数;作”人文学科”时常用复数humanities。
5:influential
“、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:fluence(流动,如fluent'”流利的),in-(前缀”进入”),字面意为”流入”,引申
为”影响”。
名词:influence(/'Influens/,影响;势力,由influential去tial构成)
动词:influence(/nfluens/,影响,与名词同形)
三、用法与常见搭配
be influential in sth./doing sth.(在某方面/做某事有影响)
an influential leader/decision(有影响力的领袖/决定)
influence(n.w.):have an influence on sb./sth.(对…有影响);influence sb.to do sth,
(影响某人做某事)》
四、拓展
近义词:powerful(强大的),但influential更侧重”影响力”而非力量”。
6:reputation
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.名誉;名声
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:pute(思考,如compute?”计算),1e(前缀”再次),-ation(名词后缀)。
动词:repute('pjut,认为;称为,正式用词)
形容词:reputable(/repjatabl/,声誉好的,由reputation去ion+-able构成)
三、用法与常见搭配
have a good/bad reputation(有好/坏名声)
ea/gain/build a reputation(赢得/获得/建立声誉)
reputation for sth.(因…闻名的名声)
例:a reputation for honesty(诚实的名声)
四、重点辨析
1 eputation vs.fame:reputation侧重”公众评价,可好可坏;fame侧重”广泛的知名度,
多为褒义。
7:purchase
一、
核心考点
词性:动词(t.)、名词(n.)》
核心义:t购买;采购n.购买;购买的东西
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:chase(追逐,如catch”抓住”),pum-(前缀”向前),字面意为”向前追逐”,引
申为”努力获得即”购买”。
同义词:buy(口语化,purchase更正式)
、
用法与常见搭配
purchase sth.for sb.(为某人购买某物)
purchase sth.with money(用钱购买某物)
make a purchase(购物)
a large purchase(大宗采购)
on purchase(凭分期付款购买)
四、注意
名词purchase作”购买的东西”时,为可数名词(如several purchases)。
8:breakthrough
一、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.重大进展;突破
二、构词法(词性转换)
合成词:break(打破)+through(穿过),字面意为”突破(障碍)”。
动词短语:break through(突破;穿过,如break through the clouds”冲破云层)
三、用法与常见搭配
make a breakthrough(取得突破)
a major/important breakthrough(重大突破)
breakthrough in sth.(在某方面的突破)
例:a breakthrough in medical science(医学上的突破)
四、注意
breakthrough为可数名词,复数形式breakthroughs。
9:photography
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.照相术;摄影
、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:photo-(光,如photograph”照片”),-graphy(名词后缀)
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.The scientist needs a measurement to ensure the experiment's success.
A)precise
B)accurate
C)realistic
D)primitive
2.You should beabout your chances of winning the competition
A)influential
B)humanistic
C)realistic
D)primitive
3.Early humans usedtools made of stone and wood
A)original
B)primitive
C)precise
D)reputable
4.Renaissance art was influenced by_ideas that focused on human values.
A)humanistic
B)realistic
C)influential
D)primitive
5.Her in the field of medicine has saved thousands of lives
A)influence
B)reputation
C)breakthrough
D)purchase
6.The company has built a goodfor high-quality products.
A)fame
B)reputation
C)realism
D)humanity
7.My parentsa new house in the suburbs last year.
A)bought
B)purchased
C)chased
D)realized
8.The invention of the internet was a major in communication technology.
A)breakthrough
B)influence
C)precision
D)photography
9.200 people attended the conference yesterday
A)Precisely
B)Accurately
C)Originally
D)Primitively
10.The artist is known for his paintings that look almost like photographs.
A)original
B)primitive
C)realistic
D)humanistic
(二)根据提示补全句子(8题)
1.The(precise)of the data is crucial for the research.
2.She finally(realize)her dream of becoming a doctor.
3.(primitive)painted animals on the walls of caves.
4.We should show _(human)to those in need.
5.His_(influence)speeches inspired many young people.
6.The team worked hard to(purchase)new equipment for the lab.
7.-(realistic)is important when setting goals for yourself.
8.The(photograph)exhibition attracted visitors from all over the world.
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.The watch is so pthat it can measure time to the nearest second.
2.It's unrealistic to expect immediate success;you need to be r
3.Archaeologists discovered ptools dating back to 10,000 BC.
4.Humanistic education emphasizes the development of students'c_and creativity.
5.Einstein's theories had a profound i on modern physics
6.The restaurant has a good r for serving delicious seafood.
7.We plan to pa new car with the money we saved.
8.Scientists announced a major bin the treatment of cancer.
9.The meeting will start at p9 o'clock tomorrow morning.
10.Rartists focused on depicting everyday life rather than religious themes.
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:AC B A C B BA A C
2.补全句子答案:
1.precision 2.realized 3.Primitives 4.humanity 5.influential 6.purchase 7.Realism 8.pho-
tography
3.首字母填空答案:
1.precise 2.realistic 3.primitive 4.humanity 5.influence 6.reputation 7.purchase 8.break-
through 9.precisely 10.Realistic
英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit1At一