Unit 4 Adversity and Courage三-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 选修3·人教版·Unit4 AdversityandCourage.三 一、重点单词详解 1:recreation 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.娱乐：消遣；游戏 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：re-(再，重新)+create(v.创造)+-ion(名词后缀)→”重新创造（精力）”→ 娱乐 动词：recreate/,rekri'et/(vt.娱乐；使恢复精力) 形容词：recreational/rekri'e虹a/(adj.娱乐的；消遣的) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词短语：recreation center(娱乐中心)；outdoor recreation(户外消遣) 动词搭配：provide recreation(提供娱乐)；enjoy recreation(享受消遣) 四、重点辨析 recreation vs.entertainment::recreation侧重个人参与的放松活动（如运动、阅读)； entertainment侧重被动接受的表演类娱乐（如电影、音乐会）。 2:guidance 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.指导；引导：导航 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：guide(v.引导；n.向导) 动词：gide/gard/(t.指导；带领) 形容词：guiding/gardn/(adj.引导的；指导性的) 三、 用法与常见搭配 介词搭配：nder sb.'s guidance(在某人指导下)；provide guidance on(在某方面提供指 导) 动词搭配：seek guidance（寻求指导)；follow guidance(遵循引导) 四、拓展用法 抽象含义：moral guidance(道德引导)；career guidance(职业指导) 3:advertising 二、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.广告活动；广告业 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：advertise(v.做广告) 动词：advertise /'aedvatarz/(vt.宣传；vi.做广告) 名词：advertisement/,edva'tarsmant/(n.广告，简称ad) 三、 用法与常见搭配 名词短语：advertising industry(广告业)；advertising campaign(广告活动) 动词搭配：devote to advertising(致力于广告业)；ban advertising(禁止广告宣传) 四、重点辨析 advertising(不可数名词)vs.advertisements(可数名词)：前者指行业或活动，后者指 具体广告内容。 4:corporate 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.公司的；法人的；社团 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：corporation(n.公司；法人团体) 名词：corporation/kop3re/(n.大公司；法人) 副词：corporately'ko:peratli/(adv.共同地；法人地) 二、 用法与常见搭配 名词搭配：corporate culture（企业文化)；corporate responsibility(企业责任) 介词搭配：corporate with（与…合作，=cooperate with) 四、拓展用法 熟词僻义：corporate image(企业形象)；corporate identity（企业标识) 5:rough 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 词性转换 副词：roughly/rAfi/(adv.粗略地；粗暴地) 动词：1 ough /rAf刊(t.使粗糙：草拟) 名词：roughness/rAfnas/(n.粗糙；粗暴) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词搭配：rough surface(粗糙表面)：rough sea(汹涌的大海)：rough estimate(粗略 估计) 动词短语：rough out(草拟)；1 ough up(粗暴对待) 四、重点辨析 rough vs.coarse:1ogh侧重表面不光滑或质地粗糙（如rough cloth);coarse侧重质地 或言行粗劣（如coarse manners)。 6:commitment 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.承诺；保证；奉献 构词法（词性转换） 词根：commit(v.承诺；犯（罪）) 动词：commit /ka'mt/(vt.承诺；投入；commit to doing sth.承诺做某事) 形容词：committed/ka'mrtd/(adj.坚定的；忠诚的) 三、 用法与常见搭配 介词搭配：commitment to(对…的承诺/奉献)；make a commitment(作出承诺) 名词短语：career commitment(职业奉献)；marital commitment(婚姻承诺) 四、拓展用法 抽象含义：show commitment(表现出奉献精神)；lack commitment(缺乏责任感) 7:motive 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.动机；原因；目的 一 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：motivated/'mautrvertrd/(adj.有动机的；积极的) 动词：motivate/'mautrvert/(vt.激发；激励)》 三、用法与常见搭配 介词搭配：motive for(…的动机)；with the motive of(带着…目的) 形容词搭配：good/bad motive(好/坏动机)；hidden motive(隐藏的目的) 四、重点辨析 motive vs.motivation:motive侧重具体行为的直接原因（可数）；motivation侧重内在驱 动力（不可数），如learning motivation(学习动力)。 8:loyal 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：adj.忠诚的；忠实的 、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：loyalty/1 ralti/(n.忠诚；忠心) 副词：loyally/'lrali/(adv.忠诚地) 三、 用法与常见搭配 介词搭配：be loyal to（对…忠诚) 名词短语：loyal friend(忠实的朋友)；loyal supporter(忠诚支持者) 四、重点辨析 loyal vs.faithful:loyal侧重对组织、国家的忠诚；faithful侧重对人、承诺的守信（如 faithful to one's promise). 9:candidate 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.候选人；应试者 二、构词法（词根） 词根：candid（adj.坦诚的；公正的)→原指”坦诚的人”，后引申为”候选人” 三、用法与常见搭配 名词搭配：presidential candidate（总统候选人)；job candidate（求职者) 介词搭配：candidate for(…的候选人/应试者) 动词搭配：nominate a candidate(提名候选人)；interview candidates（面试应试者) 四、拓展用法 熟词僻义：candidate还可指”有望获得…的人/物，如a candidate for success(有望成 功的人)。 10:damp 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.潮湿的；湿气重的 二、词性转换 名词：damp/daemp/(n.潮湿；湿气) 动词：damp/demp/(vt.使潮湿；抑制，=dampen) 副词：damply/'daempli/(adv.潮湿地) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词搭配：damp air(潮湿空气)；damp cloth(湿抹布) 动词短语：damp down(抑制；减弱，如damp down enthusiasm) 四、重点辨析 damp vs.wet vs.moist:damp侧重”微湿、令人不适”（如damp walls):wet侧重”湿透 (如wet clothes);moist侧重？适度湿润？（如moist cake)。 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.Regular physical exercise is an important form offor students. A)recreation B)entertainment C)amusement D)hobby 2.The young man sought_from his teacher before making career decisions. A)guide B)guidance C)guiding D)guided 3.The company launched a new_campaign to promote its latest product. A)advertise B)advertisement C)advertising D)advertised 4.Our school has established a strong_culture based on teamwork and respect. A)corporation B)corporate C)corporately D)corps 5.She made aestimate of the project cost,which tumned out to be quite accurate. A)rough B)roughly C)coarse D)harsh 6.His_to environmental protection has inspired many young people to join the movement A)commit B)committed C)commitment D)committing 7.The police are still investigating the behind the suspect's criminal behavior. A)motive B)motivation C)motivate D)motivated 8.The dog remained_to its owner even after being abandoned for months. A)loyal B)faithfully C)loyalty D)royal 9.There are three running for the position of class monitor this year. A)candidates B)candid C)candidacy D)candors 10.The old house had walls due to years of poor ventilation. A)wet B)damp C)moist D)soaked (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.Many people find hiking and camping to be enjoyable(recreate)activities 2.Under the(guide)of experienced doctors,the medical team successfully performed the surgery. 3.The company spent millions of dollars on(advertise)to expand its market share. 4.All employees are required to follow the(corporation)code of conduct. 5.The architect(rough)sketched the design before finalizing the details 6.She is deeply (commit)to helping children in rural areas access education. 7.The coach's encouraging words(motivate)the team to win the championship 8.The soldier's_(loyal)to his country earned him a medal of honor. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Swimming and cycling are popular forms of outdoor r. 2.New students often need g to adapt to college life. 3.The advertising i has grown rapidly with the development of social media. 4.Our school organizes cevents to strengthen ties between teachers and students. 5.Ar map of the city is available at the tourist information center. 6.Making a long-term cto learning a language requires patience and persistence. 7.The main mfor his research is to find a cure for the rare disease 8.The villagers have remained 1to their traditions for centuries. 9.Only one cwill be selected for the scholarship program. 10.The basement feels d in rainy seasons,so we need to install a dehumidifier. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AB CB A CA AA B 2.补全句子答案： 1.recreational 2.guidance 3.advertising 4.corporate 5.roughly 6.committed 7.motivated 8.loyalty 3.首字母填空答案： 1.recreation 2.guidance 3.industry 4.corporate 5.rough 6.commitment 7.motive 8.loyal 9.candidate 10.damp 英语词汇复习手册·选修3·Unit4 Adversity and Courage三