Unit 2 Morals and Virtues二-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 必修三·人教版·Unit2 MoralsandVirtues.二 一、】 重点单词详解 1:virtue 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.美德；德行：优点 二、构词法（词汇变形） 形容词：virtuous /'v3tus/(adj.有美德的；品行端正的) 副词：virtuously/v3 tfuasli/(adv.合乎道德地；正直地) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词+名词：possess virtue(拥有美德)；cultivate virtue(培养美德) 介词+名词：by virtue of(凭借；由于) 四、重点辨析 virtue VS morality:virtue侧重个人品质的'美德”（如诚实、勇敢)；morality指社会公 认的”道德规范 2:moral 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj)、名词(n.) 核心义：adj.道德的；道义上的；n.道德；品行；寓意 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：morality /m3'1 elati/(n.道德；道德准则) 副词：morally/'mprali/(adv.道德上；道义上) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词：moral standard（道德标准)；moral duty（道德责任) 名词：draw a moral from（从…中吸取教训)：the moral of the story（故事的寓意) 四、固定搭配 moral dilemma(道德困境)；moral support（精神支持) 3:dilemma 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.进退两难的境地；困境 二、构词法（词源） 源自希腊语double proposition'”(双重命题)，表示”两者间的选择困难” 三、 用法与常见搭配 动词+名词：face a dilemma(面临困境)；solve a dilemma(解决难题) 介词+名词：in a dilemma（处于两难境地)：dilemma between A and B(在A和B之间 的困境) 四、拓展用法 强调无法两全”的困境，区别于普通problem”,如：ethical dilemma（伦理困境) 4:sacrifice 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词（vt.&i.) 核心义：n.牺牲：祭品；t.&ⅵ.牺牲；献祭；奉献 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：sacrificial/sakr'fi/(adj.牺牲的；献祭的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词：sacrifice sth.for sb.sth.(为某人/某物牺牲某物)；sacrifice to do sth.(牺牲…去 做某事) 名词：make a sacrifice（做出牺牲)；at the sacrifice of(以牺牲…为代价) 四、辨析 sacrifice VS abandon:sacrifice强调”主动牺牲有价值的事物”，abandon侧重”放弃不再 需要的事物” 5:reward 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(t.) 核心义：n.奖励：回报；报酬：vt奖励；回报：酬谢 二、 构词法（词汇变形） 形容词：rewarding红'wo:d/(adj.值得的；有回报的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词：1 eward sb.for sth.(因某事奖励某人)；reward sb.with sth.(用某物奖励某人) 名词：in reward for(作为对…的回报)；monetary reward(金钱奖励) 四、辨析 reward VS award:1 eward侧重”因行为获得的回报”，award指”官方/正式的奖励”（如 奖项) 6:punish 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(vt.) 核心义：vt惩罚；处罚 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：punishment/,'panIfmant/(n.惩罚；处罚) 形容词：punishable/'panIfab/(adj.可惩罚的：应受处罚的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词搭配：punish sb.for sth.(因某事惩罚某人)；punish sb.with sth.（用…惩罚某人) 名词：capital punishment(死刑)；corporal punishment(体罚) 四、反义词 eward(v.奖励；n.奖励) 7:generous 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山j.) 核心义：adj.慷慨的；大方的；宽厚的 、 构词法（词性转换） 名词： generosity/,d3ene'1 osati//(n.慷慨；大方) 副词：generously/d3 eneresli/(adv.慷慨地；宽厚地) 三、 用法与常见搭配 be generous with sth.（在某方面大方)；be generous to sb.（对某人宽厚) 四、反义词 mean(adj.吝啬的；刻薄的)；stingy(adj.小气的) 8:loyal 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.忠诚的；忠心的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：loyalty/'1 ralti/(n.忠诚；忠心) 副词：loyally/'lIali/(adv.忠诚地；忠心地) 三、用法与常见搭配 be loyal to sb./sth.(对某人/某物忠诚)：loyal support（忠诚的支持) 四、辨析 loyal VS faithful:loyal强调对”人/组织”的忠诚；faithful侧重对？承诺/信仰”的坚守 9:cruel 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.残忍的；残酷的；冷酷的 、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：cruelty/ku:lti/(n.残忍；残酷；暴行) 副词：cruelly/kru:eli/(adv.残忍地；残酷地) 三、用法与常见搭配 be cruel to sb./sth.(对…残忍)；cruel treatment（残酷对待) 四、派生词对比 cuel(adj.)→cruelty(n.),注意去”e加”-y”,如：ue→uth 10:devoted 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：devote/d'vat/(t.致力于；奉献) 名词：devotion/d'va/(n.奉献；热爱) 三、用法与常见搭配 be devoted to sb./sth.(致力于；深爱)；devoted husband(忠诚的丈夫) 动词搭配：devote sth.to doing sth.(把…用于做某事) 四、辨析 devoted VS loyal:devoted强调'情感上的投入”，loyal侧重”行为上的忠诚 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.She is respected by everyone for her_of honesty and kindness. A)virtue B)morality C)dilemma D)sacrifice 2.By_of her hard work,she was promoted to manager. A)means B)virtue C)way D)method 3.The story teaches us a valuableabout friendship and trust. A)virtue B)moral C)dilemma D)reward 4.The doctor faced a between saving the mother or the baby during the operation. A)problem B)question C)dilemma D)trouble 5.Many parents are willing totheir own comfort for their children's education. A)abandon B)sacrifice C)punish D)reward 6.He received a gold medal as a(n)for his contribution to science A)reward B)award C)prize D)punishment 7.The teacherthe students who cheated in the exam with a warning A)rewarded B)punished C)sacrificed D)devoted 8.My grandfather is always_with his time when helping others. A)mean B)cruel C)generous D)loyal 9.Dogs are known for being_to their owners. A)faithful B)loyal C)devoted D)honest 10.It is to laugh at people with disabilities A)cruel B)generous C)virtuous D)loyal (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.Her_(devote)to her family is admired by everyone. 2.He acted_(virtue)even when no one was watching. 3.The(moral)of the story is that honesty is the best policy. 4.We should avoid(cruel)to animals. 5.The soldiers made_(saciifice)to protect their country. 6.She was praised for her-(generous)to the poor. 7.His(loyal)to the company earned him a promotion. 8.The_(punish)for theft in this country is severe. （三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Kindness and patience are considered important v 2.The company is in a dwhether to cut costs or hire more workers. 3.Many heroes made great sfor the freedom of their country. 4.Parents often d a lot of time to their children's growth. 5.He was rwith a scholarship for his excellent grades 6.It is wrong to pchildren for minor mistakes. 7.The old man is gwith his money and often donates to charity 8.She has been L to her friends through thick and thin 9.The movie shows the c_of war on innocent people 10.The mdilemma in the story made readers think deeply. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：A BB C BBB C B A 2.补全句子答案： 1.devotion 2.virtuously 3.moral 4.cruelty 5.sacrifices 6.generosity 7.loyalty 8.punish- ment 3.首字母填空答案： 1.virtues 2.dilemma 3.sacrifices 4.devote 5.rewarded 6.punish 7.generous 8.loyal 9. cruelty 10.moral 英语词汇复习手册·必修三·Unit2 Morals and Virtues二