Unit 4 History and Traditions 三-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 必修二·人教版·Unit4 HistoryandTraditions三 、 重点单词详解 1:similarity 一·、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.相似性：类似性；相似点 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：similar/'sImele(r)/(adj.相似的；类似的) 名词：similarity(由similar+-ity构成，表性质或状态) 三、必记搭配与例句 similarity between A and B(A与B之间的相似性)：The similarity between the two cultures is remarkable similarity to sth.（与某物的相似性)：There is a strong similarity to traditional Chinese painting have/show similarities（具有/表现出相似性)：The two languages share many similarities. 四、重点辨析 similarity vs.same:similarity强调”相似性？（部分相同），为名词；same强调”完全相 同”，为形容词，需搭配定冠词the（如he same as)。 2:integrity 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.诚实正直；完整：完好 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：integral/'ntrgral/(adj.必需的；完整的) 动词：integrate/ntrgrert/(v.整合；融入) 名词：integrity(由integral去-al”加”-ity”构成) 三、 必记搭配与例句 moral integrity integrity):He is known for his moral integrity and honesty. territorial integrity(领土完整)：We must safeguard our country's territorial integrity. a man of integrity（正直的人)：He is respected as a man of integrity 四、重点辨析 integrity vs.honesty:integrity侧重”言行一致、坚守道德”的品质（如学术诚信academic integrity);honesty侧重”不撒谎、不欺骗”的行为（如honesty in exams)。 3:empathy “、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.同感；共鸣；共情 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：empathic/empa0rk/（adj.有同理心的) 动词：empathize/empa0az/(i.共情：有同感，后接with) 名词：empathy(源自希腊语pathy”(情感)，em-表”进入”) 三、必记搭配与例句 show empathy for sb.(对某人表示共情)：Good doctors show empathy for their patients. lack empathy(缺乏同理心)：Some people lack empathy towards others'suffering develop empathy(培养共情能力)：We should develop empathy from childhood. 四、拓展 反义词：apathy/epi/(n.冷漠；无动于衷) 4:tolerance 、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.宽容；容忍；忍耐力 构词法（词性转换） 动词：tolerate/'tplerert/(t.容忍；忍受) 形容词：tolerant /'tplerant/(adj.宽容的；容忍的，后接of) 名词tolerance（由tole1rat去-ant?加”-ance”构成) 三、必记搭配与例句 tolerance for diversity(对多样性的宽容)：We need tolerance for cultural diversity. zero tolerance for sth.(对某事零容忍)：The school has zero tolerance for bullying have tolerance to pain(对疼痛的忍耐力)：He has a high tolerance to pain 四、重点辨析 tolerance vs.patience:tolerance侧重”对不同观点、行为的宽容'（如religious tolerance); patience侧重”面对困难时的耐心”（如patience with children)。 5:forgiveness 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.原谅：宽恕；饶恕 二、构词法 词性转换)动词：forgive/fa'gIvl(vt.原谅，过去式forgave,过去分词forgiven) 名词：forgiveness(由forgive去-e”加-ness”构成) 三、必记搭配与例句 ask for forgiveness(请求原谅)：He asked for forgiveness sincerely, ofer/give forgiveness(给予宽恕)：She offered forgiveness to her friend forgiveness of sb./sth.(对某人/某事的原谅)：Forgiveness of others brings peace. 四、固定句型 It is difficult to achieve forgiveness without sincere apology 6:equality 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.平等；相等 构词法（词性转换）形容词：equal/i:kwal/(adj.相等的：平等的) 动词：equal/'ikw/(vt.等于；比得上) 副词：equally/i:kwali/(adv.平等地；同样地) 名词：equality（由equal+-iy构成) 必记搭配与例句gender equality(性别平等)：Gender equality is important for social development. equality before the law(法律面前人人平等)：We believe in equality before the law strive for equality(争取平等)：We should strive for racial equality 四 反义词inequality/,Inr'kwplati/(n.不平等；不平衡) 7:apologize 核心考点词性：动词(i.) 核心义：vi.道歉；认错(=apologise) 二3 构词法（词性转换)名词：apology/e'pDlad3i/(n.道歉，复数apologies) 形容词：apologetic/a,ppla'd3etk/(adj.道歉的；愧疚的) 三 必记搭配与例句apologize to sb.for sth.(因某事向某人道歉)：You should apologize to your teacher for being late. apologize for doing sth.(因做某事道歉)：He apologized for breaking the window make an apology(=apologize,更正式)：She made an apology for her mistake. 四 写作替换高级表达：offer an apology/express regret for sth.(替换简单的say sony) 8:pride 核心考点词性：名词(n)、动词(t) 核心义：n.自豪；骄傲；自尊心：t.使自豪 构词法（词性转换）形容词：proud /praud/(ad.自豪的；骄傲的) 固定搭配：be proud of(为…自豪) 名词：pide(抽象名词，不可数；表”引以为傲的人/物”时可数，如a pride of lions'”一 群狮子”) 三 必记搭配与例句take pride in（为…自豪，=be proud of):Parents take pride in their children's achievements hurt one's pride(伤害某人的自尊心)：His words hurt her pride deeply. Swallow one's pride(放下自尊)：Sometimes we need to swallow our pride and apologize 四 重点辨析pride vs.proud:pide为名词，可作主语/宾语（如Pride goes before a fall.骄者 必败)；proud为形容词，需搭配be动词（如He is proud of his son)。 9:responsibility 核心考点词性：名词(n.) 核心义n.责任；义务；职责 二 构词法（词性转换）词根：response红'sppns/(n.回应) 动词：respond'sppnd/(i.回应；负责，后接to) 形容词：responsible/I'sponsabl/(adj.负责的) 名词：responsibility(responsible+-ility名词后缀) 三 必记搭配与例句take responsibility for（承担…责任)：Everyone should take responsibil- ity for their actions. sense of responsibility(责任感)：A good leader has a strong sense of responsibility. shirk responsibility（推卸责任)：Don't shirk responsibility when things go wrong 四 语法可数性：表”具体职责”时可数（如duties and responsibilities),表”抽象责任”时 不可数（如social1 esponsibility)。 10:generosity 核心考点词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.慷慨：大方：宽宏大量 构词法（词性转换）形容词：generous/d3 enaras//(ad.慷慨的；宽厚的) 副词：generously/d3 enerasli/(adv.慷慨地) 名词：generosity(由generous去”-ous”加”-ity”构成) 三 必记搭配与例句show generosity to sb.(对某人表现慷慨)：He showed generosity to the poor. generosity of spirit(精神上的宽宏)：Her generosity of spirit inspires others. out of generosity(出于慷慨)：He helped us out of generosity 四 反义词stinginess./stmnd3ines/(n.吝啬；小气) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The two paintings share a striking in color and composition A)similar B)similarity C)same D)similarly 2.A person ofalways keeps his promises and acts according to his moral principles. A)honest B)honesty C)integrity D)integrate 3.Teachers shouldwith students who are facing difficulties in learning. A)empathize B)empathy C)apathy D)empathic 4.Our society needs more for different cultural backgrounds and lifestyles. A)tolerate B)tolerant C)patience D)tolerance 5.It takes great courage to ask forafter hurting someone deeply A)forgive B)forgiveness C)forget D)forgivenesses 6.Gender is an important goal for achieving social fairness and justice. A)equal B)equally C)equality D)inequality 7.You must_to your sister for breaking her favorite cup A)apology B)apologize C)apologetic D)apologizing 8.Her parents take great in her academic achievements A)proud B)pride C)proudly D)prideful 9.As adults,we have the_to take care of our elderly family members. A)responsible B)respond C)responsibility D)response 10.The millionaire's_to charity has helped thousands of poor children go to school. A)generous B)generosity C)generously D)stinginess (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.She is a highly_(responsibility)manager who always finishes tasks on time 2.We should learn to (empathy)with others'feelings instead of judging them quickly 3.The country has always insisted on safeguarding its territorial(integral) 4.His _(generous)in sharing knowledge with colleagues won everyone's respect. 5.To build a harmonious society,_(tolerant)and mutual respect are necessary. 6.The_(similar)between the two novels is that both focus on family relationships 7.After realizing his mistake,he wrote a letter to(apology)sincerely. 8.A person with strong moral_(integrate)will never cheat in exams. 9.(forgive)is not just for others,but also for freeing yourself from anger. 10.Developing(responsible)in children starts with letting them do small chores. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The sbetween the two brothers is amazing-they even have the same hobbies. 2.Academic i is crucial for maintaining the fairness of research and education. 3.Nurses often show great e for patients suffering from chronic illnesses. 4.Zero t for violence in schools is necessary to protect students'safety 5.Asking for f is the first step toward repairing a broken relationship. 6.The government is working hard to promote eof opportunity in employment. 7.You should ato your teacher for being late to class without a valid reason 8.Swallowing one's pand admitting mistakes is a sign of maturity. 9.Parents should teach children to take rfor their own actions from a young age. 10.The old man's gwas known to everyone-he often gave food to homeless people. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B C A D B C BB C B 解析1（第1题）： 考查similarity的用法。similarity表示”相似性”，为名词，符合句意”两幅画在色彩和 构图上有着惊人的相似性”；similar为形容词，same强调”完全相同”，similarly为副词， 均不符合语法要求，故选B。 解析2（第2题）： 考查integrity的用法。a person ofintegrity表示”正直的人”，符合句意”正直的人总是 信守承诺并按道德原则行事”；honest和honesty强调诚实，integrate为动词，均不符合 语境，故选C。 解析3（第3题）： 考查empathize的用法。empathize with表示”与.共情”，为动词，符合句意”教师应该 与学习困难的学生共情；empathy为名词，apathy为冷漠，empathic为形容词，均不符 合语法要求，故选A。 2.补全句子答案： 1.responsible 2.empathize 3.integrity 4.generosity 5.tolerance 6.similarity 7.apologize 8. integrity 9.Forgiveness 10.responsibility 3.首字母填空答案： 1.similarity 2.integrity 3.empathy 4.tolerance 5.forgiveness 6.equality 7.apologize 8. pride 9.responsibility 10.generosity 英语词汇复习手册·必修二·Unit4 History and Traditions三