Unit 4 Natural disasters三-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 必修一·人教版·Unit4 Naturaldisasters三 一、重点单词详解 1:capacity 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.能力；容量；容纳能力 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：capable/kerpabl/(有能力的) 副词：capably/"kerpabli/(能千地) 短语：be capable of(能够做某事) 三、必记搭配与例句 表示”能力”时：capacity for sth./to do sth.（做某事的能力) She has a great capacity for learning languages 表示”容量”时：storage capacity(存储容量)：seating capacity(座位容量) 四、重点辨析 capacity vs.ability:capacity侧重”潜能或容纳能力”，ability侧重”实际技能或天赋”。 例：The hall has a capacity of500 people.(容量) He has the ability to solve problems.(技能) 2:access 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n.通道；机会；权利；t.进入；使用 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：accessible /ak'sesabl/(可进入的；易懂的) 副词：accessibly/k'sesabli/(可接近地) 三、 必记搭配与例句 名词搭配：gain/get access to(获得进入/使用…的机会) 例：Students must get access to good resources. 动词搭配：access data/information（获取数据/信息) 四、拓展用法 固定句型：have no access to(无法接触/使用) 例：Many villages have no access to clean water. 3:available ‘、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.可获得的：可购得的：有空的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：avail/'verl/(vt.利用；vi.有帮助，常见于短语avail oneself of) 名词：availability/.verle'brloti/(可获得性；可用性) 三、必记搭配与例句 be available to sb.(对某人可获得的) 例：These books are available to all students. be available for sth.(有空做某事) 例：I'm available for the meeting tomorrow. 四、重点辨析 available vs..accessible:available侧重可获得/有空”，accessible侧重可进入/易懂”。 例：The doctor is available now.(有空的) The museum is accessible to the disabled.(可进入的) 4:deliver 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：t递送：传达：发表 二landers、构词法（词性转换） 名词：delivery/dr'lrvari/(递送；分娩) 过去分词作形容词：delivered(已递送的) 三、必记搭配与例句 deliver sth.tosb.(递送某物给某人) 例：The postman delivers letters to our house. deliver a speech/lecture(发表演讲/讲座) deliver on sth.（履行承诺) 例：He failed to deliver on his promise 四、拓展用法 deliver oneself of sth.(发表意见，正式用法) 例：She delivered herself of a few sharp remarks 5:strike 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：vi.&vt.侵袭；突击；击打；n罢工；罢课；袭击 二、构词法（词性转换） 过去式/过去分词：struck/stk:stuck /stak/(仅用于”粘贴”义) 现在分词：striking(adj.引人注目的) 三、必记搭配与例句 作动词：strike sb.(击打某人)：strike a match(划火柴) strike...into one's heart(使…刻骨铭心) 例：The tragedy struck fear into our hearts 作名词：go on strike(罢工)：air strike(空袭) 四、重点辨析 strike vs.hit:strike侧重”有意击打”，hit侧重碰撞/偶然击中”。 例：Hest1 ck the table angrily.(有意击打) The ball hit the window.(偶然击中) 6:mountainous 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：adj.多山的；山一般的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：mountain/'maunten/（山) 后缀：-ous（形容词后缀，表示”多…的”，如dangerous,.various) 三、必记搭配与例句 mountainous area/region（山区) 例：The village is in a mountainous region, mountainous waves(如山的巨浪) 四、拓展用法 类似构词：advantage-→advantageous(有利的)；fame→famous（著名的) 7:crash 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：i&t碰撞；撞击；n.撞车；碰撞；坠毁 二、构词法（词性转换） 现在分词：crashing(adj.猛烈的；adv.极度地，如crashing success巨大成功) 三、必记搭配与例句 作动词：crash into（撞上) 例：The car crashed into a tree.. 作名词：a plane crash(飞机失事)；a stock market crash(股市暴跌) 四、重点辨析 crash vs.collision:cash侧重”失控碰撞”，collision侧重”正面碰撞”，常指交通或物理 碰撞。 例：The crash caused three deaths.（失控碰撞) The collision between the two cars was serious.（正面碰撞) 8:supply 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v.) 核心义：n.供应（量)：补给：pl]补给品；t.供应：供给 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词复数：supplies(补给品，常用复数) 过去分词：supplied(被供应的) 三、必记搭配与例句 动词搭配：supply sb.with sth./supply sth.tosb.（供应某物给某人) 例：The company supplies us with raw materials. 名词搭配：a supply of sth.(…的供应量) 例：We have a good supply of water. 四、重点辨析 supply vs..provide:两者均可用于supply/provide sb.with sth.,但provide还可接provide for(养活)，supply侧重”持续供应”。 例：He provides for his family.(养活) The river supplies water to the city.（持续供应) 9:flow 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：vi.流；流动；n.流；流动；流畅 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：fow(流动，如he flow of time时间流逝) 形容词：flowing(流动的；流畅的，如flowing hair飘逸的头发) 、 必记搭配与例句 不及物动词，无被动语态： Water flows into the river.(水流入河流) The crowd flowed out of the stadium.(人群涌出体育场) 名词搭配：the flow of traffic（车流)；a steady flow(稳定的流动) 四、拓展用法 固定短语：go with the flow(随波逐流：顺应形势) He decided to go with the flow and accept the job. 10:sweep 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：t.扫；打扫席卷；横扫；掠过；i.快速移动；n.打扫 二、构词法（词性转换） 过去式/过去分词：swept /swept/ 现在分词：sweeping(席卷的；广泛的，如sweeping changes彻底的变革) 三、必记搭配与例句 sweep sth.away(扫除；冲走) 例：The flood swept away the houses sweep across/through(席卷；迅速传播) 例：A storm swept through the region 名词搭配：give the room a sweep(打扫房间) 四、重点辨析 sweep vs..clean:sweep侧重”用扫帚扫”，clean泛指清洁”。 例：She swept the floor.(用扫帚扫) He cleaned the window.(清洁，方式不限) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The hall has a_of 2000 people,so it can hold the whole school. A)ability B)capacity C)access D)supply 2.Students should have easy to digital resources in the library. A)access B)capacity C)available D)supply 3.The manager is not_today,he has a meeting all morning. A)accessible B)available C)capable D)striking 4.The postmanletters to every household in the community every day. A)delivers B)supplies C)crashes D)sweeps 5.A sudden earthquake_the small town last night,causing many injuries. A)hit B)struck C)crashed D)collided 6.The region is_,with high peaks and deep valleys everywhere. A)mountainous B)flowing C)crashing D)dangerous 7.The driver lost control and the car into a wall,but luckily no one was hurt. A)collided B)struck C)crashed D)swept 8.The company promised to_us with enough raw materials for the project. A)provide B)supply C)offer D)deliver 9.Tears_down her cheeks when she heard the sad news. A)flowed B)swept C)struck D)crashed 10.The strong wind__across the field,blowing down several trees. A)crashed B)struck C)swept D)flowed (二)根据提示补全句子(8题) 1.She is a_(capability)leader who can solve problems efficiently 2.The_(available)of fresh water in desert areas is very limited. 3.The(deliver)of the package was delayed due to bad weather 4.The(strike)workers demand better working conditions and higher pay. 5.After the storm,the government sent_(supply)of food and medicine to the affected ar- eas. 6.The_(mountain)landscape attracts thousands of tourists every year. 7.The(clean)of the classroom is usually done by students on duty. 8.The(collide)between the two trains resulted in a serious accident. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The new library has a large seating c,so many students can study there at the same time. 2.You can a the internet for free in the school computer room. 3.Is there a room a for the meeting tomorrow afternoon? 4.The president will da speech on environmental protection next week. 5.The clock stwelve,and the party came to an end 6.The village is located in a m_area,surrounded by green hills. 7.The plane c into a mountain,killing all passengers on board. 8.We need to ensure a stable s_of electricity during the hot summer months. 9.The river f slowly through the peaceful village,providing water for the fields. 10.She used a broom to s the fallen leaves from the front door. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BA B A B ACB A C 2.补全句子答案： 1.capable 2.availability 3.delivery 4.striking 5.supplies 6.mountainous 7.cleaning 8.col- lision 3.首字母填空答案： 1.capacity 2.access 3.available 4.deliver 5.struck 6.mountainous 7.crashed 8.supply 9. flows 10.sweep 英语词汇复习手册·必修一·Unit4 Natural disasters三