Unit 4 Natural disasters二-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册期末词汇复习（人教版）

期末词汇复习 必修一·人教版·Unit4 Naturaldisasters二 一、 重点单词详解 1:ruin 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)/动词(v.) 核心义：n.废墟；毁坏；t.破坏；毁灭 二、必记搭配与例句 in ruins(固定搭配，表”严重受损；破败不堪)：The city lay in ruins after the war.. uin sth.(毁坏某物，如uin one's health/ftre):The fire ruined the ancient building 三、重点辨析 uin/destroy/damage:uin强调逐渐破坏并导致无法修复；destroy强调彻底摧毁；damage 侧重局部损伤，可修复。 2:survivor 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.幸存者；生还者；残存物 三、 必记搭配与例句 a survivor of..（…的幸存者，t如a survivor of the earthquake):He was the only survivor of the plane crash. 三、重点用法 词根：survive/sa'varv/(v.幸存；存活) 派生词：survival /se'varval/(n.幸存；生存) 3:shock 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)/名词(n.) 核心义：vt.使震惊；使惊愕；n.震惊；惊愕；休克 二、必记搭配与例句 in shock(处于震惊中)：She stood there in shock after hearing the news. electric shock(电击)：Be careful to avoid electric shock be shocked at/by(对…感到震惊)：We were shocked by the sudden earthquake 三、重点辨析 shock/surprise/.amaze:shock强调负面的震惊；surprise侧重意外；amaze含”赞叹”意味。 4:trap 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)/名词(n.) 核心义：t.使落入险境：使陷入圈套；n.险境：陷阱 二、必记搭配与例句 trap sb.in.（使某人被困于…，如trap in alift):Many people were trapped under the collapsed houses set a trap(设陷阱)：The hunter set a trap to catch the wild animal. fall into a trap(落入圈套)：Don't fall into their trap. 5bury 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v,) 核心义：t.埋葬；安葬；隐藏 必记搭配与例句 bury oneself in..(埋头于…，如buy oneself in study):He buried himself in books all day be buried in.(沉浸于…)：She was buried in her work 重点用法 名词：burial/beia/(n.埋葬；葬礼) 比喻义：bury the hatchet（和解；停战) 6:calm 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)形容词(adj.) 核心义：vt.&vi.(使)平静；（使）镇定；adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 二、必记搭配与例句 calm down(平静下来，如calm oneself down):Take a deep breath to calm down. a calm voice(平静的声音)：She spoke in a calm voice. stay calm（保持冷静)：It's important to stay calm in an emergency. 三、重点辨析 calm/quiet/silent:cam侧重情绪稳定；quiet指环境安静；silent强调不说话。 7:suffer 、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：vⅵ.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；受难；受折磨；vt.遭受；蒙受 二、必记搭配与例句 suffer from(固定搭配，表”遭受；患病”，如suffer from headaches):Many people suffer from hunger. suffer sth.(遭受损失等，如suffer heavy losses):The company suffered heavy losses. 三、重点用法 名词：suffering/sAforT/(n.痛苦；苦难) 注意：suffer作”遭受”时，宾语多为负面名词(loss,paim等)。 8:unify 二、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：vi.&vt.统一；（使)成一体 必记搭配与例句 nify.into.(将…统一为…，如nify the country):The government unified the two regions. 三、重点用法 词根：nit/ju:nt/（n.单元；单位) 形容词：united /ju'nartrd/（adj.统一的；联合的) 名词：nity/'ju:nti/(n.团结；统一) 派生词：reunify /ri:ju:nIfaI//(v.重新统一) 9:smart 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山j.) 核心义：adj.聪明的；机敏的；智能的 必记搭配与例句 smart phone（智能手机)：This is a new smart phone. smart idea(聪明的想法)：That's a smart idea 三、重点辨析 smat/clever/intelligent:smat强调”机敏；clever侧重”灵活”；intelligent指'智力高”。 10:effort 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 二、必记搭配与例句 make an effort(努力，如make every effort to do):We should make every effort spare no effort(不遗余力)：They spared no effort to help us. 三、重点用法 固定句型：It takes effort to do sth.(做某事需要努力) 词根：effortless/'efatlas//(adj.不费力的) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The old temple was completely_after the fire,leaving only broken walls A)ruined B)destroyed C)damaged D)shocked 2.She was one of the who managed to escape from the burning building. A)survivors B)survivors C)survival D)surviving 3.People were by the news of the sudden earthquake in the area. A)surprising B)shocked C)amazing D)calm 4.Many people were_under the collapsed houses after the earthquake. A)trapped B)trapping C)t杠ap D)traps 5.He himself in books all day to forget his sadness. A)buried B)burying C)buries D)burial 6.It's important to stay in an emergency to make right decisions. A)quiet B)silent C)calm D)smart 7.The villagers a lot from the flood,losing their homes and crops. A)suffered B)suffered from C)suffering D)suffer 8.The government tried to the two small towns into a larger city A)unit B)unify C)unity D)united 9.This new_watch can connect to your phone and track your health. A)smart B)clever C)intelligent D)shocking 10.We should spare noto protect the environment for future generations. A)effort B)efforts C)effortless D)effect (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The city lay in(ruin)after the war. 2.Her_(survive)in the accident was a miracle 3.The_(shock)news made everyone in the room silent. 4.They found the_(trap)cat under the car and saved it. 5.After his_(bury),his family moved to another city. 6.The teacher's(calm)helped the students relax during the exam 7.The(suffer)of the homeless children touched many people's hearts. 8.The(unite)of the team helped them win the championship 9.He dressed(smart)for the job interview 10.It takes great(effort)to learn a foreign language well (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The heavy rain r the crops in the field completely. 2.As a s_of the plane crash,he felt lucky to be alive 3.The sudden noise sme when I was reading. 4.The hunter set a t to catch the wild animal. 5.She bher face in her hands and started crying. 6.Take a deep breath to cdown when you feel nervous. 7.Many people in the area still s from hunger and disease. 8.The country finally uafter years of civil war. 9.My new sphone can take high-quality photos and videos 10.We should make every eto help those in need. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AAB AACA B AA 解析1（第1题）： 考查uin的用法。in强调逐渐破坏并导致无法修复，符合句意？古庙在火灾后完全毁 坏”；destroy强调彻底摧毁，damage侧重局部损伤，shocked表示震惊，均不符合语境， 故选A。 解析2（第3题）： 考查hock的用法。be shocked by表示”对…感到震惊”，符合句意”人们对突然发生 的地震消息感到震惊”？；surprising表示令人惊讶的，amazing表示令人惊奇的，calm表 示平静的，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析3（第6题）： 考查calm的用法。stay calm表示”保持冷静”，符合句意”在紧急情况下保持冷静很重 要”；quiet指环境安静，silent强调不说话，smat表示聪明，均不符合语境，故选C。 2.补全句子答案： 1.ruins 2.survival 3.shocking 4.trapped 5.burial 6.calmness 7.suffering 8.unity 9. smartly 10.effort 3.首字母填空答案： 1.ruined 2.survivor 3.shocked 4.trap 5.buried 6.calm 7.suffer 8.unified 9.smart 10.ef- fort 英语词汇复习手册·必修一·Unit4 Natural disasters二