第05讲 非谓语动词（寒假复习讲义）高一英语人教版

第05讲 非谓语动词（寒假复习讲义） 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 知识精讲 重点01非谓语动词专题速记精讲 非谓语动词是高考语法填空、短文改错的高频考点，核心是不做谓语，保留动词特征， 分为三类：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词 doing /过去分词 done） 一、 核心概念速记 本质：动词变形后在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 关键：找准逻辑主语，判断主动 / 被动、进行 / 完成关系 二、 三类非谓语核心用法对比 类型 基本形式 核心含义 句法功能 典型搭配/考点 不定式 to do（一般） to be done（被动） to have done（完成） 具体、将来、 一次性动作 主语、宾语、 状语、宾补、 定语 1.固定搭配want to do, decide to do 2.目的状语：to do 3.宾补：ask sb. to do 4. 定语：the way to solve 动名词 doing（一般） being done（被动） having done（完成） 抽象、习惯、经常性动作 主语、宾语、 表语、定语 1. 固定搭配：enjoy doing, mind doing 2. 介词后：be good at doing 3. 作主语：Seeing is believing 现在 分词 doing （主动进行） being done（被动进行） having done（主动完成） 主动、进行 定语、状语、宾补、表语 1. 状语：表伴随 / 原因，Doing homework, he listened to music 2. 定语：a sleeping boy（主动） 过去 分词 done（被动完成） 被动、完成 定语、状语、宾补、表语 1. 状语：表被动原因 Seen from the top, the city looks small. 2. 定语：a broken cup（被动/完成） 三、 高频考点秒杀技巧 1. 介词后必用 doing 口诀：介后动名跑不了，look forward to doing（易错 to 是介词） 2. 使役 / 感官动词的宾补 主动全过程：let/make/have sb. do；see sb. do 主动进行中：see sb. doing 被动还原 to：sb. be made to do 3. 状语判断三步走 ① 找逻辑主语（句子主语→ ② 判断主被动→ ③ 判断时间（进行/完成） 例：______(finish) his work, he left. → Having finished（主动+完成） 4. 定语区别 doing：与被修饰词主动，a developing country done：与被修饰词被动，a developed country 四、 易错点避雷 不定式省略 to：使役动词（let/make/have）、感官动词（see/hear/watch）的主动宾补 having done/having been done：只作状语，表 “先于主句动作”，不能作定语 独立主格结构：非谓语逻辑主语≠句子主语时，需自带主语 例：Time permitting, we will go out.（permit 的逻辑主语是 time） 五、 速记口诀 非谓三式不做谓，to do 将来一次性，doing 主动或习惯，done 被动或完成。 介后 doing 要牢记，使役感官 to 省略，状语先判主被动，定语分清主和被。 非谓语考点 重点02非谓语动词固定搭配类考点思维导图 好题精练 一、单句语法填空（高考高频题型） 1. The teacher encouraged us (take) part in the English speech contest. 2. (give) more time, we could have finished the task better. 3. I regret (tell) him the secret, which made him very upset. 4. The girl (stand) at the school gate is my deskmate. 5. He was seen (enter) the building just now. 6. Having (finish) his homework, he went out to play basketball. 7. The book (write) by Mo Yan is very popular among teenagers. 8. She is looking forward to (receive) a letter from her pen pal. 9. It's no use (argue) with him; he is too stubborn. 10. The doctor advised him to (give up) smoking for his health. 二、单句改错（短文改错高频考点） 1. I want buy a new dictionary for my English study. 2. He is busy prepare for the coming final exam. 3. My parents don't allow me going out at night. 4. I remember to see him somewhere before, but I can't tell his name. 5. The teacher made the students to copy the text three times. 三、完形填空（语境应用） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I was a child, I loved 1. (read) fairy tales. One day, I happened 2. (find) a book in my father's study. 3. (write) in old English, it was a bit difficult for me 4. (understand). However, I was so interested in the stories that I kept 5. (read) it for hours. 6. (finish) the book, I felt a strong desire 7. (write) my own fairy tales. Now, as a senior high school student, I still enjoy 8. (create) stories in my free time, hoping 9. (share) them with more people in the future. 真题感知 一、单项选择 1.（24-25高一下·江苏南京·期末）At the age of 84, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine, ______her the first female Chinese scientist ______ the award. A．making; to win B．to make; winning C．making; winning D．to make; to win 2．（24-25高一下·江西吉安·期末）With a villager ________ the way, we had no trouble ________ the old temple. A．leading; to find B．leading; finding C．led; to find D．led; finding 3.（24-25高一下·湖南邵阳·期末）They arrived at the airport only_____the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 4.（24-25高一下·广东深圳·期末）______ from his expression, he must have received bad news. A．Judged B．Judging C．To judge D．Having judged 5.（24-25高一下·河南信阳·期末）The library ________ now will be open next month. A．built B．building C．being built D．to be built 二、选词填空 （24-25高一下·福建福州·期末）根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个多余的单词或短语。 seek,   make a bet,   attach ,   by accident,   select,    carry sb through    decade,   bring about ,    occur,      figure out, 1．She was elected to the first national people’s congress and over the next she held many important positions. 2．Two rich brothers had been having a heated argument for a couple of days, and finally they to settle it. 3．Have scientists a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey? 4．Well, I can’t say that I have any plans. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain . 5．The Challenger disaster that on 28 January 1986 resulted in the death of five NASA astronauts and two specialists. 6．Over 300,000 people came from all over the world and their fortune, making San Francisco quickly become a big city. 7．As the first woman to make a trip into space, Tereshkova felt lucky and proud. 8．These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman and what a life of hard choices. 三、改错 （24-25高一下·重庆长寿·期末）请找出下面各句中错误的一处。 1．You may [A]feel better [B]if you take [C]the walk [D]in the park. 2．The [A]long desk [B]under the tree is made [C]from [D]wood. 3．Sometimes [A]giving up a [B]little can [C]mean [D]get more. 4．I am eager [A]to learn about [B]that has [C]taken place [D]in my hometown. 5．Do you [A]think [B]shopping online will finally take [C]a place of [D]shopping in physical stores? 6．[A]When the child [B]saw the young woman [C]dressing in white, he started [D]crying immediately. 7．It is [A]greatly fun [B] to experience the first snowball [C]fight just [D]before the New Year! 8．You’d better [A]make [B]a good plan [C]after you [D]take a holiday. 9．As [A]far as I know, the young man is [B]harder to [C]get along [D]with. 10．We are not [A]allowed to take [B]photo [C]here [D]without permission. 提升精练 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．______ the railway station, we had a break, only ______ the train had left. A．On arriving at; to find B．Coming to; discovering that C．Arriving at; finding out D．Hurrying to; to have found out 2．_________ with the team _________ of 5 students, we are likely to win. A．Compared; consisting B．Comparing; consisted C．To compare; to consist D．Compared; consisted 3．Scientists say those who live in houses ________ with green plants are healthier both physically and mentally. A．decorated B．decorating C．being decorated D．to be decorating 4．When water is heated, we can see steam ________ from it. A．rising B．to rise C．rose D．raise 5．He returned, only ______ that the bedroom was in a mess but had no idea who was to blame. A．found B．to find C．finding D．having found 二、语法填空 6． (strike) by his uplifting speech, the teacher awarded the first prize to him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．He was the only foreigner (give) such an honor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．When (serve) in the army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of the book. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．This competition is a wonderful opportunity for young artists (stir) up their creativity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10． (judge) from the current situation, a new plan should be put forward as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 01 Last October I left the UK behind and joined Gillotts School on their rugby and hockey tour in sunny Italy. It was my first time away on a sports tour and I could not have enjoyed it 1 (much)! Five days of sports, between training and matches with Italian players, but also plenty 2 time for sightseeing and free moments to enjoy an ice cream in the sun. 3 our flight had landed in Milan, we got on our coach and drove for a couple of hours towards our home for the week, the Hotel San Zeno, a 4 (comfort), family-run accommodation, with a splendid view of Lake Garda. Starting the day with a self-led training, enjoying a boat tour on the lake, wandering along the streets of Sirmione for a few hours and heading off 5 (play) a sport — these are just a few 6 (example) of the kind of adventures you could be having! The girls and boys on this tour seemed to enjoy 7 (they) thoroughly, especially after winning ALL of their games! I found myself 8 (cheer) them on like a proud aunt and celebrating afterwards with food, drink and social time, hosted by rugby clubs after matches. On the last day we headed back to 9 airport, but not before stopping in Milan! We 10 (pay) a visit to the San Siro museum and enjoyed a stadium tour before moving on to Milan city centre for an afternoon of shopping. Passage 02 During the American Civil War, a young man 1 (name) Roswell McIntyre was drafted into the army. The war was not going well. The army needed 2 (soldier) so much that he was sent into battle without being trained. Roswell became frightened and ran. Later he 3 (sentence) to be shot for desertion. Roswell's mother appealed to President Lincoln, 4 (beg) that he was young and inexperienced, and that he needed 5 second chance. Lincoln thought and prayed. Then he wrote an 6 (admiration) statement. “I have noticed, ” he said, “that it never does a boy much good to shoot him.” He wrote this letter in his own handwriting: “Roswell McIntyre 7 (be) to be readmitted into the army. When he serves out his required enlistment(服兵役期), he will be freed of any charges of desertion.” That letter, signed by President Lincoln, is 8 display in the Library of Congress. Beside it there is a note, 9 reads, “This letter was taken from the body of Roswell McIntyre, who died respectably at the Battle of Five Forks in Virginia.” Now you might be 10 (vast) surprised at the power of forgiveness. Passage 03 In many films, whenever Earth faces a disaster, the 1 （solve） is always fleeing the planet 2 spaceship. But now the Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth   3 （offer） a different and 4 （encourage） idea. In the film, Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun. In response, humans around the world work together 5 (build) a giant engine system, 6 will push Earth away from the sun. This"ambition" didn't come from nowhere. Up to now “homeland” 7 (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. This special cultural background 8 (probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from other films. The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. It was 9 time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 10 (they) hometowns. So there is only one possible way to tell the story： Earth goes wherever humans go,because it's our home. Passage 04 It's only been one month since Dean LaBarba 1 （graduate） from medical school-but he wasn't expecting to have started his life-saving career so soon. Last month, LaBarba was 2 a 12-hour flight from Zurich to Los Angeles with his wife when a female passenger 3 （sit） close to them said that she didn't feel well . Before she could get up 4 （use） the restroom,she fell down .LaBarba 5 （immediate） rushed to the woman's side, only to find that she didn't have a pulse （脉 搏）.With the help of another passenger,he had the woman lie across a row of 6 (seat） so he could begin pushing her chest. After six pushes. 7 started to wake up. LaBarba ,his wife,and the passenger 8 （(move） to first class,where the newly-graduated doctor monitored her health. The passenger expressed her extreme gratitude toward LaBarba 9 happened to be the only doctor on board the 300-person flight that day. He said that   10   experience confirmed his "calling and desire to help people". 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第05讲 非谓语动词（寒假复习讲义） 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 &高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 知识精讲 重点01非谓语动词专题速记精讲 非谓语动词是高考语法填空、短文改错的高频考点，核心是不做谓语，保留动词特征， 分为三类：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词 doing /过去分词 done） 一、 核心概念速记 本质：动词变形后在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 关键：找准逻辑主语，判断主动 / 被动、进行 / 完成关系 二、 三类非谓语核心用法对比 类型 基本形式 核心含义 句法功能 典型搭配/考点 不定式 to do（一般） to be done（被动） to have done（完成） 具体、将来、 一次性动作 主语、宾语、 状语、宾补、 定语 1.固定搭配want to do, decide to do 2.目的状语：to do 3.宾补：ask sb. to do 4. 定语：the way to solve 动名词 doing（一般） being done（被动） having done（完成） 抽象、习惯、经常性动作 主语、宾语、 表语、定语 1. 固定搭配：enjoy doing, mind doing 2. 介词后：be good at doing 3. 作主语：Seeing is believing 现在 分词 doing （主动进行） being done（被动进行） having done（主动完成） 主动、进行 定语、状语、宾补、表语 1. 状语：表伴随 / 原因，Doing homework, he listened to music 2. 定语：a sleeping boy（主动） 过去 分词 done（被动完成） 被动、完成 定语、状语、宾补、表语 1. 状语：表被动原因 Seen from the top, the city looks small. 2. 定语：a broken cup（被动/完成） 三、 高频考点秒杀技巧 1. 介词后必用 doing 口诀：介后动名跑不了，look forward to doing（易错 to 是介词） 2. 使役 / 感官动词的宾补 主动全过程：let/make/have sb. do；see sb. do 主动进行中：see sb. doing 被动还原 to：sb. be made to do 3. 状语判断三步走 ① 找逻辑主语（句子主语→ ② 判断主被动→ ③ 判断时间（进行/完成） 例：______(finish) his work, he left. → Having finished（主动+完成） 4. 定语区别 doing：与被修饰词主动，a developing country done：与被修饰词被动，a developed country 四、 易错点避雷 不定式省略 to：使役动词（let/make/have）、感官动词（see/hear/watch）的主动宾补 having done/having been done：只作状语，表 “先于主句动作”，不能作定语 独立主格结构：非谓语逻辑主语≠句子主语时，需自带主语 例：Time permitting, we will go out.（permit 的逻辑主语是 time） 五、 速记口诀 非谓三式不做谓，to do 将来一次性，doing 主动或习惯，done 被动或完成。 介后 doing 要牢记，使役感官 to 省略，状语先判主被动，定语分清主和被。 非谓语考点 重点02非谓语动词固定搭配类考点思维导图 好题精练 一、单句语法填空（高考高频题型） 1. The teacher encouraged us (take) part in the English speech contest. 2. (give) more time, we could have finished the task better. 3. I regret (tell) him the secret, which made him very upset. 4. The girl (stand) at the school gate is my deskmate. 5. He was seen (enter) the building just now. 6. Having (finish) his homework, he went out to play basketball. 7. The book (write) by Mo Yan is very popular among teenagers. 8. She is looking forward to (receive) a letter from her pen pal. 9. It's no use (argue) with him; he is too stubborn. 10. The doctor advised him to (give up) smoking for his health. 二、单句改错（短文改错高频考点） 1. I want buy a new dictionary for my English study. 2. He is busy prepare for the coming final exam. 3. My parents don't allow me going out at night. 4. I remember to see him somewhere before, but I can't tell his name. 5. The teacher made the students to copy the text three times. 三、完形填空（语境应用） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I was a child, I loved 1. (read) fairy tales. One day, I happened 2. (find) a book in my father's study. 3. (write) in old English, it was a bit difficult for me 4. (understand). However, I was so interested in the stories that I kept 5. (read) it for hours. 6. (finish) the book, I felt a strong desire 7. (write) my own fairy tales. Now, as a senior high school student, I still enjoy 8. (create) stories in my free time, hoping 9. (share) them with more people in the future. 好题精练答案与解析 一、语法填空答案 1. to take（encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事） 2. Given（逻辑主语 we 与 give 是被动关系，表 “被给予”） 3. telling（regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事） 4. standing（现在分词作定语，girl 与 stand 是主动关系） 5. to enter（感官动词 see 用于被动语态时，宾补 to 要还原） 6. Having finished（分词的完成式，表动作先于主句动作发生） 7. written（过去分词作定语，book 与 write 是被动关系） 8. receiving（look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事，to 是介词） 9. arguing（It's no use doing sth. 做某事没用） 10.to give up（advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事） 二、单句改错答案 1. want 后加 to 2. prepare→preparing（be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事） 3. going→to go（allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事） 4. to see→seeing（remember doing sth. 记得做过某事） 5.去掉 to（make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事） 三、完形填空答案 1. reading（love doing sth. 喜欢做某事） 2. to find（happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事） 3. Written（逻辑主语 it 与 write 是被动关系） 4. to understand（It's difficult for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很难） 5. reading（keep doing sth. 持续做某事） 6. Having finished（分词完成式表先后顺序） 7. to write（a desire to do sth. 做某事的欲望） 8. creating（enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事） 9. to share（hope to do sth. 希望做某事） 真题感知 一、单项选择 1.（24-25高一下·江苏南京·期末）At the age of 84, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine, ______her the first female Chinese scientist ______ the award. A．making; to win B．to make; winning C．making; winning D．to make; to win 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在分词和动词不定式。句意：84岁的屠呦呦被授予诺贝尔医学奖，这使她成为第一位获得该奖项的中国女科学家。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语是was awarded，且无连词，第一个空处应用非谓语动词，动词make与前面一句话是主动的关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。根据female Chinese scientist前有the first修饰，第二个空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故选A项。 2．（24-25高一下·江西吉安·期末）With a villager ________ the way, we had no trouble ________ the old temple. A．leading; to find B．leading; finding C．led; to find D．led; finding 【答案】B 【详解】考查with复合结构和固定短语。句意：有村民带路，我们毫不费劲就找到了那座古庙。前一空考查“with+宾语+v.-ing”结构作状语，lead和逻辑主语(a villager)之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾补；后一空考查“have no trouble doing sth.”意为“做某事没有困难”，为固定句型。故选B项。 3.（24-25高一下·湖南邵阳·期末）They arrived at the airport only_____the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们到达机场，却发现由于暴风雪航班被取消了。不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的结果，本处表达的是到达机场后却发现航班被取消，用only to do sth.符合题意。故选B项。 4.（24-25高一下·广东深圳·期末）______ from his expression, he must have received bad news. A．Judged B．Judging C．To judge D．Having judged 【答案】B 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：从他的表情来看，他一定收到了坏消息。分析句子可知，“judging from…”意为“根据……判断”，为独立主格结构，在句中作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故空格处应用“Judging”。故选B项。 5.（24-25高一下·河南信阳·期末）The library ________ now will be open next month. A．built B．building C．being built D．to be built 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：正在建造的图书馆将于下月开放。A. built被建，表被动完成；B. building建立，表主动；C. being built正在被建，表被动和进行；D. to be built将被建，表被动和将来。分析句子可知，will be open是谓语，故空处应填动词非谓语形式，与逻辑主语The library之间是被动关系，由时间状语now可知，表示动作正在进行，所以此处应用动词现在分词的被动结构，即being done结构，故此处应用being built。故选C项。 二、选词填空 （24-25高一下·福建福州·期末）根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个多余的单词或短语。 seek,   make a bet,   attach ,   by accident,   select,    carry sb through    decade,   bring about ,    occur,      figure out, 1．She was elected to the first national people’s congress and over the next she held many important positions. 2．Two rich brothers had been having a heated argument for a couple of days, and finally they to settle it. 3．Have scientists a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey? 4．Well, I can’t say that I have any plans. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain . 5．The Challenger disaster that on 28 January 1986 resulted in the death of five NASA astronauts and two specialists. 6．Over 300,000 people came from all over the world and their fortune, making San Francisco quickly become a big city. 7．As the first woman to make a trip into space, Tereshkova felt lucky and proud. 8．These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman and what a life of hard choices. 【答案】1．decades 2．made a bet 3．figured out 4．by accident 5．occurred 6．sought 7．selected 8．carried her through 【解析】 1．考查名词。句意：她当选为第一届全国人民代表大会代表，在接下来的几十年里，她担任了许多重要职位。设空处应该是用名词作宾语，与over构成介词短语作状语。over the next decades意为“在接下来的几十年里”，此处表示复数意义。故填decades。 2．考查动词。句意：两个有钱的兄弟激烈地争论了好几天，最后他们打了个赌来解决这个问题。分析句子，设空处应该是用动词作谓语，同时表述的是过去的事实，故使用一般过去时。make a bet意为“打赌”，符合句意。故填made a bet。 3．考查动词。句意：科学家们找到一种为长途旅行储存足够食物和水的方法了吗？分析句子，设空处应该填写动词（短语）与前文have构成现在完成时。figure out意为“弄清楚，查明”，符合句意。故填figured out。 4．考查介词短语。句意：嗯，我不能说我有什么计划。事实上，我是偶然来到英国的。分析句子，设空处应使用介词短语作状语。根据前文的“ I can’t say that I have any plans.”可知，作者是偶然地来到英国。by accident意为“偶然地”，符合句意。故填by accident。 5．考查动词。句意：1986年1月28日发生的挑战者号灾难导致美国航天局五名宇航员和两名专家死亡。分析句子，设空处应该是that引导定语从句中的谓语动词。本句描述的是过去发生的事实，故使用一般过去时。occur为动词，意为“发生”，符合题意。故填occurred。 6．考查动词。句意：超过30万人从世界各地来到这里，寻找他们的财富，使旧金山迅速成为一个大城市。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语，同时与前文的came构成并列结构，故使用一般过去时。seek为动词，意为“寻找”，过去式为sought。故填sought。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为第一个被选中进入太空的女性，捷列什科娃感到幸运和自豪。分析句子，句中felt为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词，同时woman和select之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作定语。select为动词，意为“选择”。故填selected。 8．考查动词。句意：林巧芝博士的这句话让我们看到了这位了不起的女性的内心，以及是什么让她度过了艰难的一生。分析句子，设空处应该是what引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词。句中描述的是过去发生的事实，故使用一般过去时。carry through为动词短语，意为“使……渡过难关”，符合题意。故填carried her through。 三、改错 （24-25高一下·重庆长寿·期末）请找出下面各句中错误的一处。 1．You may [A]feel better [B]if you take [C]the walk [D]in the park. 2．The [A]long desk [B]under the tree is made [C]from [D]wood. 3．Sometimes [A]giving up a [B]little can [C]mean [D]get more. 4．I am eager [A]to learn about [B]that has [C]taken place [D]in my hometown. 5．Do you [A]think [B]shopping online will finally take [C]a place of [D]shopping in physical stores? 6．[A]When the child [B]saw the young woman [C]dressing in white, he started [D]crying immediately. 7．It is [A]greatly fun [B] to experience the first snowball [C]fight just [D]before the New Year! 8．You’d better [A]make [B]a good plan [C]after you [D]take a holiday. 9．As [A]far as I know, the young man is [B]harder to [C]get along [D]with. 10．We are not [A]allowed to take [B]photo [C]here [D]without permission. 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B 【解析】 1．考查冠词。句意：如果你在公园散步你会感觉好一点。take a walk是固定搭配，将C项the改为a。故选C。 2．考查介词。句意：树下的长凳是木制的。be made from表示“由……制作（看不出原材料）”，be made of表示“由……制作（看得原材料）”，本句中的长凳看得出原材料。将C项from改为of。故选C。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时放弃一点可能意味着获得更多。mean doing sth.是固定用法，表示“意味着”，将D项get改为getting。故选D。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：我渴望了解我的家乡发生了什么变化。about后接宾语从句，该引导词在从句中作主语。that不作成分，要变成表示“什么”的what。将B项that改为what。故选B。 5．考查固定短语。句意：你认为网购最终会取代实体店购物吗？take the place of是固定短语，表示“取代”，将C项a改为the。故选C。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当这个小孩看到穿着白色衣服的年轻女士时他马上哭了起来。dressed in是固定短语，表示“穿着”，将C项dressing改为过去分词dressed，作后置定语修饰the young woman。故选C。 7．考查形容词。句意：新年到来之前第一次打雪仗真是太有趣了！句中的fun是名词，其前要用形容词修饰，将A项greatly改为great。故选A。 8．考查连词。句意：你最好在度假之前制定一份好计划。after表示“在……之后”，与句意矛盾，将其改为“在……之前”的before。将C项after改为before。故选C。 9．考查形容词。句意：据我所知，这个年轻男性很难相处。由于句中没有表示比较的词语，要将harder变成原级。将B项harder改为hard。故选B。 10．考查名词复数。句意：没有许可的话我们不被允许在这里拍照。此处不是指拍一张照片，take photos表示“拍照片”。将B项photo改为photos。故选B。 提升精练 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．______ the railway station, we had a break, only ______ the train had left. A．On arriving at; to find B．Coming to; discovering that C．Arriving at; finding out D．Hurrying to; to have found out 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一到达火车站，我们休息了一会儿，结果却发现火车已经离开了。“on + 动名词”表示“一……就……”；“only to do”表示意想不到的结果，“find”意为“发现”，“only to find the train had left”表示“结果却发现火车已经离开了” ，是一种意外的结果。故选A项。 2．_________ with the team _________ of 5 students, we are likely to win. A．Compared; consisting B．Comparing; consisted C．To compare; to consist D．Compared; consisted 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与由5个学生组成的队相比，我们可能会赢。“(compare) with the team...”作比较状语，compare(与……相比)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语we之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；“(consist) of 5 students”作后置定语，修饰名词the team，动词短语consist of意为“由……组成，用作非谓语动词时只有现在分词形式。故选A项。 3．Scientists say those who live in houses ________ with green plants are healthier both physically and mentally. A．decorated B．decorating C．being decorated D．to be decorating 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家说，那些住在绿色植物装饰的房子里的人在身体和精神上都更健康。此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，被修饰词houses与decorate之间为被动关系，且decorate动作已结束，所以应用过去分词作后置定语，排除B、D两项；又因为being done表示正在进行的被动动作，故排除C项。故选A项。 4．When water is heated, we can see steam ________ from it. A．rising B．to rise C．rose D．raise 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词义辨析和非谓语动词。句意：当水被加热时，我们可以看到蒸汽从中升起。raise“提高，举起”，rise“上升，增加”，此处指蒸汽升起，应用rise；空处用非谓语动词作宾补，结合语境和“When water is heated”可知，此处表示看到动作正在发生，应用现在分词。故选A。 5．He returned, only ______ that the bedroom was in a mess but had no idea who was to blame. A．found B．to find C．finding D．having found 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他回来了，却发现卧室乱成一团，却不知道是谁改受到责备。句中已有谓语动词returned，所以用非谓语动词形式。根据“ the bedroom was in a mess but had no idea who was to blame.”可知，用only to do，意思是“不料(却)……，结果(却)……”, 表示一个没有料到的结果 。故选B。 二、语法填空 6． (strike) by his uplifting speech, the teacher awarded the first prize to him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Struck 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：被他鼓舞人心的演讲打动，老师把一等奖颁给了他。根据空后awarded可知，句中已有谓语动词awarded，空处需用非谓语动词；strike与逻辑主语the teacher之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词形式作原因状语。strike的过去分词为struck，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Struck。 7．He was the only foreigner (give) such an honor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】given 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他是唯一一位被授予如此荣誉的外国人。句中已有谓语动词“was”，且空前无连词，因此此处需用非谓语动词，“foreigner”与“give”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，即“外国人被授予荣誉”，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填given。 8．When (serve) in the army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of the book. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】serving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在第二次世界大战期间服役时，他随身携带了这本书的六章内容。空处应填非谓语动词和when构成时间状语，逻辑主语he和serve之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填serving。 9．This competition is a wonderful opportunity for young artists (stir) up their creativity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to stir 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次比赛为年轻艺术家们提供了一个绝佳的激发创造力的机会。名词opportunity后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to stir。 10． (judge) from the current situation, a new plan should be put forward as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Judging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从目前的情况来看，应该尽快提出新的计划。judging from为独立成分，是一种固定的搭配形式，意为“根据……来判断”或“由……来判定”。judging位于句首，首字母大写。故填Judging。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 01 Last October I left the UK behind and joined Gillotts School on their rugby and hockey tour in sunny Italy. It was my first time away on a sports tour and I could not have enjoyed it 1 (much)! Five days of sports, between training and matches with Italian players, but also plenty 2 time for sightseeing and free moments to enjoy an ice cream in the sun. 3 our flight had landed in Milan, we got on our coach and drove for a couple of hours towards our home for the week, the Hotel San Zeno, a 4 (comfort), family-run accommodation, with a splendid view of Lake Garda. Starting the day with a self-led training, enjoying a boat tour on the lake, wandering along the streets of Sirmione for a few hours and heading off 5 (play) a sport — these are just a few 6 (example) of the kind of adventures you could be having! The girls and boys on this tour seemed to enjoy 7 (they) thoroughly, especially after winning ALL of their games! I found myself 8 (cheer) them on like a proud aunt and celebrating afterwards with food, drink and social time, hosted by rugby clubs after matches. On the last day we headed back to 9 airport, but not before stopping in Milan! We 10 (pay) a visit to the San Siro museum and enjoyed a stadium tour before moving on to Milan city centre for an afternoon of shopping. 【答案】 1．more 2．of 3．After 4．comfortable 5．to play 6．examples 7．themselves 8．cheering 9．the 10．paid 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙事了上周作者去意大利进行橄榄球和曲棍球巡回赛，并叙述了这段旅行期间所做，所看。 1．考查副词比较级。否定词+比较级表达最高级，意思是“再......也不为过”。所以空处填much的比较级more。故填more。 2．考查介词。plenty of“许多”为固定短语，即可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。故填of。 3．考查连词。分析句子可知，作者到了米兰之后，又上了一辆长途大巴车。所以本句为after引导的时间状语从句。故填After。 4．考查形容词。comfortable为形容词修饰名词accommodation。故填 comfortable。 5．考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to play。 6．考查名词复数。a few 修饰可数名词复数。故填examples。 7．考查代词。 enjoy oneself“玩的很开心”为固定短语。故填themselves。 8．考查现在分词。find sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词作宾语补足语。本句中的myself 与cheer在逻辑上是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填cheering。 9．考查冠词。airport为可数名词，在本句中表示特指，所以用定冠词the来修饰。故填the。 10．考查一般过去时。and并列连接谓语动词enjoyed和paid。故填paid。 【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点，要掌握它的用法。首先，要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次，要知道非谓语动词的三种形式：现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。再次，要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生，还是将要发生。 分析小题8的句子可知，find sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词作宾语补足语。本句中的myself 与cheer在逻辑上是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填cheering。 Passage 02 During the American Civil War, a young man 1 (name) Roswell McIntyre was drafted into the army. The war was not going well. The army needed 2 (soldier) so much that he was sent into battle without being trained. Roswell became frightened and ran. Later he 3 (sentence) to be shot for desertion. Roswell's mother appealed to President Lincoln, 4 (beg) that he was young and inexperienced, and that he needed 5 second chance. Lincoln thought and prayed. Then he wrote an 6 (admiration) statement. “I have noticed, ” he said, “that it never does a boy much good to shoot him.” He wrote this letter in his own handwriting: “Roswell McIntyre 7 (be) to be readmitted into the army. When he serves out his required enlistment(服兵役期), he will be freed of any charges of desertion.” That letter, signed by President Lincoln, is 8 display in the Library of Congress. Beside it there is a note, 9 reads, “This letter was taken from the body of Roswell McIntyre, who died respectably at the Battle of Five Forks in Virginia.” Now you might be 10 (vast) surprised at the power of forgiveness. 【答案】 1．named 2．soldiers 3．was sentenced 4．begging 5．a 6．admirable 7．is 8．on 9．which 10．vastly 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了在美国内战期间林肯总统宽恕逃兵的故事。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国内战期间，一个叫罗斯威尔·麦金泰尔的年轻人被征召入伍。Name sb. (as) sth.“将某人命名为...”，man与name之间为被动关系，即用过去分词作定语，named的过去分词形式为named。故填named。 2．考查名词。句意：军队急需士兵，以致于他没有经过训练就被派上战场。根据语境可知，军队需要许多的士兵，所以要使用可数名词的复数形式。故填soldiers。 3．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：后来，他因逃亡被判处枪决。这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，又sentence是“判决”的意思，与he之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was sentenced。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：罗斯韦尔的母亲乞求林肯总统，他的儿子年轻，没有经验，需要第二次机会。句子中已经有谓语appealed，故此处用非谓语动词作状语，Roswell' s mother 与beg之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填begging。 5．考查不定冠词的用法。a+序数词为固定搭配，意为“另外几个”。故填a。 6．考查形容词。句意：然后他写了一句令人钦佩的话。修饰名词为形容词。admiration 的名词形式为admirable意为“令人钦佩的” 故填admirable。 7．考查一般现在时及主谓一致。句意：Roswell McIntyre将被重新投入军队。由下文可知此处用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故用is。故填is。 8．考查介词。句意：那封由林肯总统签署的信在国会图书馆展出。on display意为“在展出中”为固定短语。故填on。 9．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：旁边还有一张纸条，上面写着：“……”。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词anote,且在从句中作主语，故只能用which引导该定语从句。故填which。 10．考查副词。句意：现在你可能会对宽恕的力量大为吃惊。修饰形容词surprised应为副词，vast的副词形式为vastly，意为“非常”。故填vastly。 Passage 03 In many films, whenever Earth faces a disaster, the 1 （solve） is always fleeing the planet 2 spaceship. But now the Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth   3 （offer） a different and 4 （encourage） idea. In the film, Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun. In response, humans around the world work together 5 (build) a giant engine system, 6 will push Earth away from the sun. This"ambition" didn't come from nowhere. Up to now “homeland” 7 (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. This special cultural background 8 (probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from other films. The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. It was 9 time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 10 (they) hometowns. So there is only one possible way to tell the story： Earth goes wherever humans go,because it's our home. 【答案】 1．solution 2．by 3．offers/is offering 4．encouraging 5．to build 6．which 7．has had 8．probably 9．a 10．their 【分析】这篇文章是说明文。主要介绍了电影流浪地球的相关内容。 1．考查名词。根据前文的定冠词，可知此处应为名词，所以填solve的名词形式solution。故填solution。 2．考查介词。句意:地球有灾难的时候通过宇宙飞船逃离这个星球。by通过...的方式，故填by。 3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语是the wandering earth，单数，后面动词应该是第三人称单数，所以是is offering或者是offers。故填offers/is offering。 4．考查动名词做定语。句意:流浪地球这部电影提供了一个与众不同并且鼓舞人心的想法。idea缺少修饰词，所以用encouraging作定语修饰。故填encouraging。 5．考查不定式的用法。前文已经有work作为谓语，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to build。 6．考查非限定性定语从句。句意:全世界的人一起工作来建造一个可以把地球发射出太阳系的巨型机械系统。先行词是system，为物，非限制性定语从句只能用which在从句中做主语。故填which。 7．考查现在完成时。句意:时至今日，家园这个词已经成为中国人心里最柔软的地方。时间状语up to now直到今日，这是典型的现在完成时时间状语。故填has had。 8．考查副词。句意:这个特殊的文化背景或许使得流浪地球与其他电影不同。probably副词修饰后面的动词makes。故填probably。 9．考查冠词的用法以及固定句型。句意:这是许多人经过辛苦的漂泊回到自己家乡的时代。it is a time when...为固定句式，意为“...的时代”应该是用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查形容词性物主代词。hometown前面缺定语，所以应该用形容词性物主代词their来做定语。故填their。 【点睛】语法填空题需要注意句子构成的基本原则，通常用形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词。例如：第一小题，定冠词修饰后文的名词solution；第八小题，用probably修饰动词makes。 Passage 04 It's only been one month since Dean LaBarba 1 （graduate） from medical school-but he wasn't expecting to have started his life-saving career so soon. Last month, LaBarba was 2 a 12-hour flight from Zurich to Los Angeles with his wife when a female passenger 3 （sit） close to them said that she didn't feel well . Before she could get up 4 （use） the restroom,she fell down .LaBarba 5 （immediate） rushed to the woman's side, only to find that she didn't have a pulse （脉 搏）.With the help of another passenger,he had the woman lie across a row of 6 (seat） so he could begin pushing her chest. After six pushes. 7 started to wake up. LaBarba ,his wife,and the passenger 8 （(move） to first class,where the newly-graduated doctor monitored her health. The passenger expressed her extreme gratitude toward LaBarba 9 happened to be the only doctor on board the 300-person flight that day. He said that   10   experience confirmed his "calling and desire to help people". 【答案】 1． graduated 2．on 3．sitting 4．to use 5．immediately 6．seats 7．she 8．were moved 9．who 10．the/this 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个感人的故事。LaBarba刚从一学校毕业不到一个月，就在一次乘坐飞机的旅途中拯救了一名女乘客的性命。 1．考查一般过去时。句意：自从Dean LaBarba从医学校毕业到现在只有一个月的时间。此处为since引导的时间状语从句，从句中需要用一般过去时，故填graduated。 2．考查介词。句意：上个月LaBarba正和妻子乘坐航班由苏黎世飞往洛杉矶,这时一名坐在他们旁边的女性乘客说她感觉不太好。be on a flight to飞往。故填on。 3．考查现在分词作定语。句意：上个月LaBarba正和妻子乘坐航班由苏黎世飞往洛杉矶,这时一名坐在他们旁边的女性乘客说她感觉不太好。a female passenger与sit构成主谓关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填sitting。 4．考查不定式作目的状语。句意：她还没来得及起来去厕所，就摔倒了。根据句意可知此处去使用厕所是站起来的目的。故填to use。 5．考查副词。句意：LaBarba立刻冲向那位女士旁边，结果发现她已经没有脉搏。此处为副词immediately修饰动词rushed。故填immediately。 6．考查名词单复数。句意：在另一为乘客的帮助之下，他让那位女士躺在一排座椅上。此处seat为可数名词，且前面由a row of修饰。故填seats。 7．考查代词。句意：在按压胸部六次之后，那位女士醒过来了。此处应用代词she代指the woman。 故填she。 8．考查被动语态。句意：LaBarba，他的妻子和那位女乘客被转移到了头等舱。根据句意可知此处应用被动语态，结合时态可知，应填were moved。 9．考查定语从句。句意：那位女乘客向LaBarba表达了感激之情，LaBarba碰巧是飞机上唯一一名医生。此处为who引导的定语从句修试先行词LaBarba，且在从句中做主语。故填who。 10．考查冠词/指示代词。句意：这次经历使他坚信了帮助别人的渴望。此处应使用定冠词the(或指示代词this)强调特指。故填the/this。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $