精品解析：陕西省咸阳市武功县普集高级中学2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

全国名校《选择性必修第二册》第一次月考试卷 英语 注意事项： 1.本试卷分四部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。 3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4.本卷命题范围：选择性必修第二册Units 1～2。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Who does the woman suggest the man travel with? A. John. B. David. C. Craig. 2. What is the date on the letter? A. The 2nd. B. The 8th. C. The 10th. 3. What will the woman do on Friday? A. Watch a basketball game. B. Perform at the art festival. C. Join the band practice. 4. Which book did the man enjoy reading? A. The Great Gatsby. B. Wuthering Heights. C. Vanity Fair. 5. What made the woman start learning Kung Fu? A. Its beauty attracted her. B. Her coach advised her to try it. C. She wanted to do some physical exercise. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where did the woman get the dress? A. From a second-hand shop. B. From a shopping mall. C. From a factory. 7. What’s the main reason for the woman to buy the dress? A. It has good quality. B. It is not expensive. C. It is good for the environment. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Mother and son. B. Teacher and parent. C. Husband and wife. 9. What will the woman do later? A. Talk to her family. B. Join a school club. C. Buy a gift. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At the office. B. At the restaurant. C. At the supermarket. 11. What’s the woman’s favorite thing about the sandwich shop? A. The environment. B. The food. C. The prices. 12. What is the man going to eat? A A beef sandwich. B. A chicken sandwich. C. A cheese sandwich. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. How does the man feel at first? A. Excited. B. Doubtful. C. Upset. 14. What does the woman offer to do? A. Help the man apply for a course. B. Fix the technical problem. C. Put off the deadline. 15. Which course does the man want to sign up for most? A. Creative writing. B. Fiction writing. C. Business writing. 16. What does the man need to bring to the first class? A. His ID Card. B. Course materials. C. A notebook. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the talk mainly about? A. The development of electric cars in California. B. The new rules announced in California. C. The temperature rise in California. 18. When should all sales of cars in California be electric? A. By 2026. B. By 2030. C. By 2035. 19. What does California have the biggest number of in America? A. People. B. Beaches. C. Forests. 20. What may inspire California to fight climate change according to the speaker? A. The policies made by other states. B. The natural beauty in California. C. The obvious rise in global temperatures. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Nowadays robots are taking the world of sports by storm, from the six-legged skier to the ping pong ace and the expert curler (冰壶手). Four-legged robot goalkeeper Mini Cheetah, a four-legged robot, was trained up by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley’s Hybrid Robotics Lab. The robot can handle a range of thrown and kicked shots from humans. It can squat, jump, sidestep and dive to stop shots. It can save 87% of shots taken on goal, compared to the average for human keepers of around 69%. Google’s ping-pong arm Google’s ping-pong robot arm recently completed an epic 340-shot rally (对打) with a human. The arm plays “cooperatively” to get a good rally going, but according to Google, its skills could be built up to match the level of a serious human competitor. Researchers wanted to train it up in a simulation so it could play with humans in the real world. China’s badminton bot In China, researchers have created a robot called the Robomintoner that can play badminton against human competitors. The machine looks a bit like a lawnmower, but it firmly grips its badminton racket just like any human player would. It also gets sufficient power into the shuttlecock using a swift flicking motion, and zips around the court on four wheels. Expert skier Also in China, experts from the Shanghai JiaoTong University created a skiing robot that can control its own descent down a snowy slope. The machine stands with two legs on each ski and grips ski poles with its middle legs, which it can manoeuvre (操纵) to control direction. The robot can stay upright, turn and avoid crashing to people. It is also capable of skiing at more than 30 feet per second across a 1,300-foot course on an 18-degree slope. 1. Which of the following is true about “the four-legged robot goalkeeper”? A. It can jump and dive to avoid shots. B. It was trained up by experts from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. C. Researchers wanted to train it up so that it could play with humans in the real world. D. It can act as a goalkeeper and deal with shots from humans. 2. What do Google’s ping-pong robot arm and Robomintoner have in common? A. They are both about robots on four wheels. B. They can play against human competitors. C. They are created by Chinese researchers. D. They look a bit like a lawnmower. 3. Which can be seen to display at a snowy slope? A. Four-legged robot goalkeeper. B. Google’s ping-pong arm. C. Expert skier. D. China’s badminton bot. B Li Jian, aged 61, is a senior lab scientist at the Chengdu Institute of Biology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences， and has dedicated himself to scientific sketching (速写) in the area of animal and plant taxonomy (动植物分类学). Over the past 40-plus years, he has sketched thousands of animal and plant drawings with a scientific attitude and superb skills, presenting to readers more than 730 species on the planet. Over decades of work, Li has developed a particularly keen eye that helps him identify even the tiniest features of animals and plants. “It is impossible for an animal to arrange every part of its body in the way we want it to be so that we can take a clear picture of it,” Li said, explaining the necessity of scientific sketching in research work. “Different from works of art, my drawings require a high level of scientific rigor (严谨),” he said. In animal and plant taxonomy, species are often identified through tiny features. Take frogs, for example. Some have long fingers, while others have short ones. Some have fingers that are unwebbed, some partially webbed, and others fully webbed. The tip of their fingers can be pointed or round, and with or without long narrow cuts. “When I sketch, I must sketch accurately. Sometimes, I need to study the structure of my subject under a microscope before getting down to draw,” he said. Usually, it took Li about ten days to draw a palm-sized animal. For complicated animals like snakes covered in scales, it would take him more than half a month. A big obstacle Li encountered in his work was the fading of the color in samples as a result of long-time immersion in chemicals. In this case, he would need to rely on known morphological (形态学的) characteristics of the samples and text descriptions to make his sketches more accurate. “With the assistance of Li’s large number of high-quality drawings, China’s illustrated scientific publications rank among the best in the world,” said Fei Liang, a famous Chinese zoologist. 4. What does Li Jian do as a lab scientist? A. Do experiments on animals. B. Present drawings to scientists. C. Make art of animals and plants. D. Draw pictures of animals and plants. 5. Which of the following best describes Li Jian’s attitude to his job? A. Afraid and worried. B. Doubtful and cautious. C. Devoted and diligent. D. Dedicated and ambitious. 6. What makes Li’s work difficult? A. Drawing snakes is dangerous. B. Samples are badly kept. C. Samples’ colors become lighter. D. There are too little descriptions. 7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Sketching with A Scientific Touch. B. The Advantages of Sketching Accurately. C. Illustrating the Best Scientific Publications. D. The Art Value of Sketching Animals and Plants. C Based on bone and tooth records, mammoths（猛犸象）were thought to have gone extinct about 12,000 years ago. But a new genetic sampling technique suggests the great beasts may have stuck around a lot longer. The story is in the soil. Bones are rich sources of prehistoric genetic information, but not the only ones; items ranging from shed Ice Age skin cells to pine needles can contribute to the genetic record stored in dirt. Paleogeneticists（古遗传学家）have been analyzing "environmental DNA" from soil for a long time, but getting rid of non-DNA material without destroying these fragile clues is daunting（使人气馁的）. "Environmental samples contain a huge range of other chemical substances that are hard to separate from the DNA," says McMaster University geneticist Tyler Murchie. "We can't afford to lose whatever we can get." In the new approach, soil samples are got and then broken into smaller portions, stirred and run through a "cold spin method" to separate as much DNA as possible. The DNA is then compared against an existing genetic library to detect species matches. The method is limited because researchers using it need to know what DNA to look for. If a saber-toothed cat species is not already in the genetic library, the analysis cannot detect that animal. For known species, however, the process may yield exciting information. In their study, the researchers detected about 2,100 kinds of plants and 180 animals. Not yet published results from other field sites are yielding similar results, Murchie says, and future fossil discoveries could strengthen the case. "We can use this approach to identify species in places and times we never knew they existed," he adds. 8. Why does the author mention "mammoths" in Paragraph 1? A. To present a fact. B. To show us an extinct animal. C. To correct a mistake. D. To introduce the topic of the passage. 9. Which word can best describe the work of getting rid of non-DNA material? A. Challenging. B. Interesting. C. Boring. D. Satisfying. 10. What is the disadvantage of the new method? A. It is very slow. B. It can't detect unknown animals. C. It is not very accurate. D. It can only be carried out in the genetic library. 11. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A short story. C. A book review. D. A research report. D We are living in an age in which data is strongly favored, especially when it’s reported in the media. “Big Data” is considered even more reliable as it consists of very large amounts of information. Percentiles are considered hard evidence, even if the conclusions drawn from the data don’t mean a whole lot. For example, “40 percent of adults say they use Instagram and about three in ten report using Pinterest or LinkedIn,” a Pew Research Center survey reported in April 2021. Is that a lot or a little? I don’t know, but the numbers are seemingly presented as being significant in some way. Meanwhile, unless an argument is “data-based”, it is considered flimsy. One might repeatedly see something with his/her own eyes, but ironically (讽刺地), in this era of data, it matters little. Observations and any conclusions drawn, even by experts in a relevant field, have been downgraded to “personal perspectives”, even though they are based on real, documented behavior. In short, if something is published in a journal with quantitative support, it carries much weight. If a cultural anthropologist (人类学家) with a Ph.D. reports a particular trend from field research, however, it is considered a short amusing story that may complement the “real” data-based studies. People want to know the “sample size” of cultural research, not understanding that valuable insights into human behavior can be gained without metrics (度量学) and analytics. The many weaknesses associated with quantitative research should not be ignored, either. There are numerous ways to design a study and gather findings, each one likely to produce different results. The move to online research has made findings much more questionable, as nothing got from the Internet should be taken too seriously. Besides, how questions are both asked and answered is highly subjective and dependent on many variables. Why do we love data so much? Words are imprecise and have multiple meanings, while numbers are precise and definitive, a big reason why we put so much faith and trust in data regardless of its source. To legitimize (证明……有理) this post, note that 88.6 percent of what I’ve said is true. 12. What does the author think of the 2021 survey reported by the Pew Research Center? A. It leads to some confusion. B. It has much scientific value. C. It impresses him with the numbers. D. It contains some factual inaccuracies. 13. What does the underlined word “flimsy” mean in paragraph 2? A. Professional. B. Interesting. C. Unfriendly. D. Unpersuasive. 14. What is the last but one paragraph mainly about? A. The practicality of online research. B. The disadvantages of quantitative research. C. The widespread popularity of online research. D. The significance of quantitative research findings. 15 How does the author end the text? A. By writing ironically. B. By referring to experts. C. By providing a solution. D. By making a prediction. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you remember those times when your mother told you to avoid talking to strangers? But now you’re not a child anymore. In fact, there are many advantages of talking to strangers. ●You can meet a really great person. Talking to a stranger is a good habit because you never know whom you may meet. ____16____. You can also meet someone who will give you a chance to get your dream job. ●____17____. You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends’ and relatives’points of view about them, too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that will broaden your horizons. ●You can improve your social skills. ____18____ Asking appropriate questions and attentive listening are two skills that many of us don’t have. You can better these skills when talking to a stranger. ●You can cheer someone up. The thing you’ll definitely like about talking to strangers is that you can make someone’s day better. ____19____. Praise people and they will think something pleasant about you. Having a sweet short dialogue is one of those perfect chances to make people cheerful. ●You can find the solutions you didn’t know about. Talking to someone you don’t know is all about finding out something you didn’t know. You may have some problems that you can’t solve for a long time. However, someone you suddenly meet can figure out the right solution you didn’t even think about before. ____20____. A. You can expand your world view. B. Smile and people will smile in return. C. Why not speak to someone until your turn comes? D. It may be the help you needed to get a long time ago. E. You shouldn’t miss these unexpected chances of meeting people. F. You can meet a person who will become your best friend in the future. G. Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Childhood should be full of friends play, and happiness. But when children are____21____ and without their peer(同龄) group, they may ____22____ a helping hand to get back on track. That’s why schools in India are teaching ____23____. Actually, it is important to ___24___kids to be resilient (有弹力的). They needed a(n) ____25____that could teach students to identify emotions and ways to release them. The happiness course was ___26___started by the Indian government in 2018. It ___27___ mental health, well-being. It also encouraged___28___ peer interactions for elementary school children. The course included storytelling and teamwork activities. “The happiness course is a(n)___29___, and schools should welcome it. The objectives include developing self-awareness, mindfulness(正念减压法), critical thinking, and helping children ____30____ life skills to deal with stress,” said Shikha Banerjee, the principal of the Seth Anandram Jaipuria School in Kanpur. “Mindfulness(正念减压法) is the cornerstone(基石) of the happiness course and its biggest _______31_______ is that every day 1.6 million children in Delhi start their studies in school with mindfulness. It has been____32____ as a turning point in the lives of students studying in Delhi schools and has relieved (缓解) children from stress and _____33_____ their focus in studies,” deputy chief minister Manish Sisodia said during the Mindful Education Awards 2021 program. The award is good to recognize the efforts of schools in creating a mentally and ____34____healthy environment for the development of ____35____ through teaching mindfulness. 21. A. sad B. afraid C. lonely D. angry 22. A. need B. offer C. lend D. give 23. A. lessons B. happiness C. standard D. subjects 24. A. allow B. persuade C. train D. direct 25. A. ability B. chance C. guide D. course 26. A. gradually B. originally C. finally D. specially 27. A. focused on B. depended on C. stuck to D. consisted of 28. A. classic B. typical C. various D. positive 29. A. example B. surprise C. success D. conclusion 30 A. apply B. practice C. contain D. adapt 31. A. desire B. image C. concern D. beauty 32. A. hosted B. regarded C. come D. put 33. A. limited B. located C. distracted D. increased 34. A. physically B. fortunately C. merely D. actually 35. A. women B. children C. adults D. elders 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As everyone knows, it is Jingdezhen in Jiangxi province where the local porcelain is highly desirable that is the center of world porcelain. Last year, my school held a two-day research activity, ____36____(guide) by the slogan, “Exploring ceramic (陶瓷的) culture, traveling through ancient and modern times”. The aim was to build students’ ____37____(aware) of traditional culture. On our way to Jingdezhen, our guide introduced ____38____(we) to the basics of porcelain production. Our first stop was the Museum of Chinese Ceramics, which has ____39____ unique and exquisite collection of porcelain made from materials such as clay and stone. The guide told us the great achievements in ceramics from ancient times until today. I listened carefully to everything. ____40____(date) back to Neolithic (新石器时代) period, clay was used to make pottery (陶器), ____41____was used to carry water and food. Today, we still use porcelain but our pottery is really far more beautiful than the products of those times. ____42____ the second day, the team leader took us to a small DIY porcelain factory. Under the guidance of the teacher, we ____43____(give) some clay and the chance to design a piece of pottery. Although our efforts were not as beautiful as the articles in the museum, they were our own work. The two-day activity was enjoyable and ____44____(meaning). I learned a lot about porcelain and ____45____(make) an item on my own. It meant a lot to me. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 你校举办了“中国非物质文化遗产进校园”的活动，请你以“Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage into Campus”为题为校英语报写一篇英语报道，内容包括： 1.活动时间； 2.活动内容； 3.活动反响。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 One cold winter's day, three boys were wandering the street. The oldest was Henry, who always was in trouble himself, and tried to get others into trouble. Another boy, James, was also a naughty one. Both of the two often got scoldings from their fathers for making trouble. The youngest, whose name was George, was a very good boy. He wished to do right, but was very much wanting in courage. As they were passing by a schoolhouse, Henry suddenly came up with an idea. “How fun it would be to throw a snowball at the schoolroom door and make the teacher and the students all jump!” he said excitedly. “Ha! You would jump, if you should do that. If the teacher did not catch you and punish you, he would tell your father, and you would get a scolding then. 'That would make you jump higher than the students, I think. “James replied. “Why, we would get off already before the teacher could come to the door so that he could not tell who we are.” Henry said as his eyes fell on George, who was looking at them in silence. Henry smiled cunningly(狡猾的) and continued, " Here is a snowball just as hard as ice, and George would throw it at the door as fast as he could.” “Give it to him and see. I guess he would not dare to throw it.” James said. “James, do you think George is a coward(胆小鬼)? You do not know him as well as I do!” Henry said with eyebrows uplifted, staring at George provocatively(挑衅地). Then he held the snowball and lifted it up. “George, take the snowball, and show James that you are not such a coward as he thinks you are.” After saying this, he passed the snowball to George. Para 1: Looking at the snowball in his hand, George hesitated. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2: The two looked at George, astonished. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 全国名校《选择性必修第二册》第一次月考试卷 英语 注意事项： 1.本试卷分四部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。 3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4.本卷命题范围：选择性必修第二册Units 1～2。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Who does the woman suggest the man travel with? A. John. B. David. C. Craig. 2. What is the date on the letter? A. The 2nd. B. The 8th. C. The 10th. 3. What will the woman do on Friday? A. Watch a basketball game. B. Perform at the art festival. C. Join the band practice. 4. Which book did the man enjoy reading? A. The Great Gatsby. B. Wuthering Heights. C. Vanity Fair. 5. What made the woman start learning Kung Fu? A. Its beauty attracted her. B. Her coach advised her to try it. C. She wanted to do some physical exercise. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where did the woman get the dress? A. From a second-hand shop. B. From a shopping mall. C. From a factory. 7. What’s the main reason for the woman to buy the dress? A. It has good quality. B. It is not expensive. C. It is good for the environment. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Mother and son. B. Teacher and parent. C. Husband and wife. 9. What will the woman do later? A. Talk to her family. B. Join a school club. C. Buy a gift. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At the office. B. At the restaurant. C. At the supermarket. 11. What’s the woman’s favorite thing about the sandwich shop? A. The environment. B. The food. C. The prices. 12. What is the man going to eat? A. A beef sandwich. B. A chicken sandwich. C. A cheese sandwich. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. How does the man feel at first? A. Excited. B. Doubtful. C. Upset. 14. What does the woman offer to do? A. Help the man apply for a course. B. Fix the technical problem. C. Put off the deadline. 15. Which course does the man want to sign up for most? A. Creative writing. B. Fiction writing. C. Business writing. 16. What does the man need to bring to the first class? A. His ID Card. B. Course materials. C. A notebook. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the talk mainly about? A. The development of electric cars in California. B. The new rules announced in California. C. The temperature rise in California. 18. When should all sales of cars in California be electric? A. By 2026. B. By 2030. C. By 2035. 19. What does California have the biggest number of in America? A. People. B. Beaches. C. Forests. 20. What may inspire California to fight climate change according to the speaker? A. The policies made by other states. B. The natural beauty in California. C. The obvious rise in global temperatures. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Nowadays robots are taking the world of sports by storm, from the six-legged skier to the ping pong ace and the expert curler (冰壶手). Four-legged robot goalkeeper Mini Cheetah, a four-legged robot, was trained up by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley’s Hybrid Robotics Lab. The robot can handle a range of thrown and kicked shots from humans. It can squat, jump, sidestep and dive to stop shots. It can save 87% of shots taken on goal, compared to the average for human keepers of around 69%. Google’s ping-pong arm Google’s ping-pong robot arm recently completed an epic 340-shot rally (对打) with a human. The arm plays “cooperatively” to get a good rally going, but according to Google, its skills could be built up to match the level of a serious human competitor. Researchers wanted to train it up in a simulation so it could play with humans in the real world. China’s badminton bot In China, researchers have created a robot called the Robomintoner that can play badminton against human competitors. The machine looks a bit like a lawnmower, but it firmly grips its badminton racket just like any human player would. It also gets sufficient power into the shuttlecock using a swift flicking motion, and zips around the court on four wheels. Expert skier Also in China, experts from the Shanghai JiaoTong University created a skiing robot that can control its own descent down a snowy slope. The machine stands with two legs on each ski and grips ski poles with its middle legs, which it can manoeuvre (操纵) to control direction. The robot can stay upright, turn and avoid crashing to people. It is also capable of skiing at more than 30 feet per second across a 1,300-foot course on an 18-degree slope. 1. Which of the following is true about “the four-legged robot goalkeeper”? A. It can jump and dive to avoid shots. B. It was trained up by experts from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. C. Researchers wanted to train it up so that it could play with humans in the real world. D. It can act as a goalkeeper and deal with shots from humans. 2. What do Google’s ping-pong robot arm and Robomintoner have in common? A. They are both about robots on four wheels. B. They can play against human competitors. C. They are created by Chinese researchers. D. They look a bit like a lawnmower. 3. Which can be seen to display at a snowy slope? A. Four-legged robot goalkeeper. B. Google’s ping-pong arm. C. Expert skier. D. China’s badminton bot. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍多款进军体育界的机器人，包括四足守门机器人、乒乓球机器人等，展现它们的独特功能与运动能力。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Four-legged robot goalkeeper部分中的“The robot can handle a range of thrown and kicked shots from humans. It can squat, jump, sidestep and dive to stop shots. (这款机器人能够应对人类射出的各种投掷球和踢球。它可以下蹲、跳跃、横移以及俯冲来扑球)”可知，这款四足机器人可以充当守门员，应对人类的射门。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Google’s ping-pong arm部分中的“Google’s ping-pong robot arm recently completed an epic 340-shot rally with a human. (谷歌的乒乓球机器人手臂最近与人类完成了一场史诗般的340回合对打)”以及China’s badminton bot部分中的“In China, researchers have created a robot called the Robomintoner that can play badminton against human competitors. (在中国，研究人员研发出了一款名为羽毛球机器人的设备，它可以和人类选手对战羽毛球)”可知，谷歌的乒乓球机器人手臂和中国的羽毛球机器人的共同点是都能和人类选手比赛。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Expert skier部分中的“Also in China, experts from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University created a skiing robot that can control its own descent down a snowy slope. (同样在中国，上海交通大学的专家研发出一款滑雪机器人，它能够自主控制在雪坡上的下滑动作)”可知，能够在雪坡上展示运动能力的是这款滑雪机器人。故选C项。 B Li Jian, aged 61, is a senior lab scientist at the Chengdu Institute of Biology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences， and has dedicated himself to scientific sketching (速写) in the area of animal and plant taxonomy (动植物分类学). Over the past 40-plus years, he has sketched thousands of animal and plant drawings with a scientific attitude and superb skills, presenting to readers more than 730 species on the planet. Over decades of work, Li has developed a particularly keen eye that helps him identify even the tiniest features of animals and plants. “It is impossible for an animal to arrange every part of its body in the way we want it to be so that we can take a clear picture of it,” Li said, explaining the necessity of scientific sketching in research work. “Different from works of art, my drawings require a high level of scientific rigor (严谨),” he said. In animal and plant taxonomy, species are often identified through tiny features. Take frogs, for example. Some have long fingers, while others have short ones. Some have fingers that are unwebbed, some partially webbed, and others fully webbed. The tip of their fingers can be pointed or round, and with or without long narrow cuts. “When I sketch, I must sketch accurately. Sometimes, I need to study the structure of my subject under a microscope before getting down to draw,” he said. Usually, it took Li about ten days to draw a palm-sized animal. For complicated animals like snakes covered in scales, it would take him more than half a month. A big obstacle Li encountered in his work was the fading of the color in samples as a result of long-time immersion in chemicals. In this case, he would need to rely on known morphological (形态学的) characteristics of the samples and text descriptions to make his sketches more accurate. “With the assistance of Li’s large number of high-quality drawings, China’s illustrated scientific publications rank among the best in the world,” said Fei Liang, a famous Chinese zoologist. 4. What does Li Jian do as a lab scientist? A. Do experiments on animals. B. Present drawings to scientists. C. Make art of animals and plants. D. Draw pictures of animals and plants. 5. Which of the following best describes Li Jian’s attitude to his job? A. Afraid and worried. B. Doubtful and cautious. C. Devoted and diligent. D. Dedicated and ambitious. 6. What makes Li’s work difficult? A. Drawing snakes is dangerous. B. Samples are badly kept. C. Samples’ colors become lighter. D. There are too little descriptions. 7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Sketching with A Scientific Touch. B. The Advantages of Sketching Accurately. C. Illustrating the Best Scientific Publications. D. The Art Value of Sketching Animals and Plants. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国科学院高级实验师李健和他致力于动植物分类学领域的科学绘图的故事。 4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Over the past 40-plus years，he has sketched thousands of animal and plant drawings with a scientific attitude and superb skills，presenting to readers more than 730 species on the planet．(在过去的40多年里，他以科学的态度和高超的技巧画出了数千幅动植物素描，向读者展示了地球上的730多种物种。)”可知，他的工作是给动植物绘图。故选D项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Li Jian1, aged 61, is a senior lab scientist at the Chengdu Institute of Biology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences，and has dedicated himself to scientific sketching (速写) in the area of animal and plant taxonomy. (李健，61岁，中国科学院成都生物研究所高级实验室科学家，一直致力于动植物分类学领域的科学制图。)”第二段“Over decades of work, Li has developed a particularly keen eye that helps him identify even the tiniest features of animals and plants.(在几十年的工作中，李培养了一双特别敏锐的眼睛，可以帮助他识别动物和植物最微小的特征。)” 以及第四段“Usually，it took Li about ten days to draw a palm-sized animal. For complicated animals like snakes covered in scales，it would take him more than half a month.(通常，画一只手掌大小的动物需要10天左右的时间。像蛇这样复杂的动物，他要花半个多月的时间。)”可知，他对待工作不仅专注(devoted)而且刻苦(diligent)。故选C项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“A big obstacle Li encountered in his work was the fading of the color in samples as a result of long-time immersion in chemicals.(李在工作中遇到的一个大障碍是，由于长期浸泡在化学物质中，样品的颜色会褪色。)”可知，他的工作中遇到的一个大障碍是由于长期浸泡在化学物质中，样品的颜色褪色。故选C项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Li Jian1, aged 61, is a senior lab scientist at the Chengdu Institute of Biology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences，and has dedicated himself to scientific sketching (速写) in the area of animal and plant taxonomy (动植物分类学). Over the past 40-plus years, he has sketched thousands of animal and plant drawings with a scientific attitude and superb skills, presenting to readers more than 730 species on the planet.(李健，61岁，中国科学院成都生物研究所高级实验室科学家，一直致力于动植物分类学领域的科学制图。在过去的40多年里，他以科学的态度和高超的技巧绘制了数千幅动植物图，向读者展示了地球上730多个物种。)”以及全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国科学院高级实验师李健和他的工作—科学绘图。故选A项。 C Based on bone and tooth records, mammoths（猛犸象）were thought to have gone extinct about 12,000 years ago. But a new genetic sampling technique suggests the great beasts may have stuck around a lot longer. The story is in the soil. Bones are rich sources of prehistoric genetic information, but not the only ones; items ranging from shed Ice Age skin cells to pine needles can contribute to the genetic record stored in dirt. Paleogeneticists（古遗传学家）have been analyzing "environmental DNA" from soil for a long time, but getting rid of non-DNA material without destroying these fragile clues is daunting（使人气馁的）. "Environmental samples contain a huge range of other chemical substances that are hard to separate from the DNA," says McMaster University geneticist Tyler Murchie. "We can't afford to lose whatever we can get." In the new approach, soil samples are got and then broken into smaller portions, stirred and run through a "cold spin method" to separate as much DNA as possible. The DNA is then compared against an existing genetic library to detect species matches. The method is limited because researchers using it need to know what DNA to look for. If a saber-toothed cat species is not already in the genetic library, the analysis cannot detect that animal. For known species, however, the process may yield exciting information. In their study, the researchers detected about 2,100 kinds of plants and 180 animals. Not yet published results from other field sites are yielding similar results, Murchie says, and future fossil discoveries could strengthen the case. "We can use this approach to identify species in places and times we never knew they existed," he adds. 8. Why does the author mention "mammoths" in Paragraph 1? A. To present a fact. B. To show us an extinct animal. C. To correct a mistake. D. To introduce the topic of the passage. 9. Which word can best describe the work of getting rid of non-DNA material? A. Challenging. B. Interesting. C. Boring. D. Satisfying. 10. What is the disadvantage of the new method? A. It is very slow. B. It can't detect unknown animals. C. It is not very accurate. D. It can only be carried out in the genetic library. 11. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A short story. C. A book review. D. A research report. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们通过研究泥土中动植物的DNA信息从而对它们获得更多的了解。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“But a new genetic sampling technique suggests the great beasts may have stuck around a lot longer. The story is in the soil.”（但一项新的基因取样技术表明，这种巨兽可能存在的时间更长。故事在土壤里。）以及第二段的“Paleogeneticists（古遗传学家）have been analyzing "environmental DNA" from soil for a long time, but getting rid of non-DNA material without destroying these fragile clues is daunting（使人气馁的）.( 古遗传学家长期以来一直在从土壤中分析“环境DNA”，但在不破坏这些脆弱线索的情况下去除非DNA物质是令人气馁的)”可知作者谈及猛犸象是为了引出文章的主题，科学家对DNA的研究。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。由文章二段“…getting rid of non-DNA material without destroying these fragile clues is daunting”（在不破坏这些脆弱线索的情况下去除非DNA物质是令人气馁的。）和第三段“Environmental samples contain a huge range of other chemical substances that are hard to separate from the DNA…”（环境样本中含有大量其他化学物质，很难从DNA中分离出来）可知，从泥土中提取出有用的DNA信息是很困难，是很有挑战性的一项工作。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第五段“The method is limited because researchers using it need to know what DNA to look for. If a saber-toothed cat species is not already in the genetic library, the analysis cannot detect that animal.”（这种方法是有限的，因为使用它的研究人员需要知道要寻找什么DNA。例如，如果一种剑齿虎物种还没有出现在基因库中，分析就无法检测到这种动物。）可知，这个新方法的局限是：只能检测到已知物种，不能检测到未知物种。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Bones are rich sources of prehistoric genetic information, but not the only ones; items ranging from shed Ice Age skin cells to pine needles can contribute to the genetic record stored in dirt.(骨骼是史前遗传信息的丰富来源，但不是唯一的来源；从脱落的冰河时代的皮肤细胞到松针，这些物品都可以促成储存在泥土中的基因记录)”以及下文的介绍可知，本文介绍了科学家们通过研究泥土中动植物的DNA信息从而获得对他们更多的了解。据此可知本文是一篇研究报告。故选D。 D We are living in an age in which data is strongly favored, especially when it’s reported in the media. “Big Data” is considered even more reliable as it consists of very large amounts of information. Percentiles are considered hard evidence, even if the conclusions drawn from the data don’t mean a whole lot. For example, “40 percent of adults say they use Instagram and about three in ten report using Pinterest or LinkedIn,” a Pew Research Center survey reported in April 2021. Is that a lot or a little? I don’t know, but the numbers are seemingly presented as being significant in some way. Meanwhile, unless an argument is “data-based”, it is considered flimsy. One might repeatedly see something with his/her own eyes, but ironically (讽刺地), in this era of data, it matters little. Observations and any conclusions drawn, even by experts in a relevant field, have been downgraded to “personal perspectives”, even though they are based on real, documented behavior. In short, if something is published in a journal with quantitative support, it carries much weight. If a cultural anthropologist (人类学家) with a Ph.D. reports a particular trend from field research, however, it is considered a short amusing story that may complement the “real” data-based studies. People want to know the “sample size” of cultural research, not understanding that valuable insights into human behavior can be gained without metrics (度量学) and analytics. The many weaknesses associated with quantitative research should not be ignored, either. There are numerous ways to design a study and gather findings, each one likely to produce different results. The move to online research has made findings much more questionable, as nothing got from the Internet should be taken too seriously. Besides, how questions are both asked and answered is highly subjective and dependent on many variables. Why do we love data so much? Words are imprecise and have multiple meanings, while numbers are precise and definitive, a big reason why we put so much faith and trust in data regardless of its source. To legitimize (证明……有理) this post, note that 88.6 percent of what I’ve said is true. 12. What does the author think of the 2021 survey reported by the Pew Research Center? A. It leads to some confusion. B. It has much scientific value. C. It impresses him with the numbers. D. It contains some factual inaccuracies. 13. What does the underlined word “flimsy” mean in paragraph 2? A. Professional. B. Interesting. C. Unfriendly. D. Unpersuasive. 14. What is the last but one paragraph mainly about? A. The practicality of online research. B. The disadvantages of quantitative research. C. The widespread popularity of online research. D. The significance of quantitative research findings. 15. How does the author end the text? A. By writing ironically. B. By referring to experts. C. By providing a solution. D. By making a prediction. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者在文章中批驳了当前的唯数据论现象，分析了人们喜欢数据的原因以及定量研究的缺点。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。在第一段中“‘Big Data’ is considered even more reliable as it consists of very large amounts of information. Percentiles are considered hard evidence, even if the conclusions drawn from the data don’t mean a whole lot. For example, ‘40 percent of adults say they use Instagram and about three in ten report using Pinterest or LinkedIn,’ a Pew Research Center survey reported in April 2021. Is that a lot or a little? I don’t know, but the numbers are seemingly presented as being significant in some way.(‘大数据’被认为更可靠，因为它包含了大量的信息。百分位数值被认为是确凿的证据，即使从数据中得出的结论并不意味着很多。例如，皮尤研究中心在2021年4月的一项调查显示，‘40%的成年人说他们使用Instagram，大约十分之三的人说他们使用Pinterest或LinkedIn。’这是多还是少?我不知道，但这些数字似乎在某种程度上很重要。)”作者以皮尤研究中心在2021年4月的一项调查结果为例，说明尽管百分位数值被认为是确凿的证据，但是从数据中得出的结论并没有多大意义，对于这项调查结果中所给出的数据在某种程度上似乎很重要，但是作者不清楚这些数字是多还是少；由此可知，作者认为皮尤研究中心2021发布的调查结果会造成一些困惑，人们不清楚里面的数字意味着什么。故选A。 【13题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“We are living in an age in which data is strongly favored, especially when it’s reported in the media. (我们生活在一个数据非常受欢迎时代，尤其是在媒体报道数据的时候。)”可知在这个数据时代，数据特别受欢迎；由第二段中划线词的下文“One might repeatedly see something with his/her own eyes, but ironically (讽刺地), in this era of data, it matters little. Observations and any conclusions drawn, even by experts in a relevant field, have been downgraded to ‘personal perspectives’, even though they are based on real, documented behavior.(一个人可能会反复地亲眼看到一些东西，但讽刺的是，在这个数据时代，这已经无关紧要了。观察和得出的任何结论，即使是由相关领域的专家得出的，也被降级为‘个人观点’，即使它们是基于真实的、有记录的行为。)”可知，在这个数据时代，人们亲眼反复看到的东西都不重要，即使是由相关领域的专家基于真实的、有记录的行为观察和得出的任何结论，也会被认为是“个人观点”，作者认为这非常具有讽刺性；由此可推知，划线词所在句“Meanwhile, unless an argument is “data-based”, it is considered flimsy.(与此同时，除非一个论点是“基于数据的”，否则它被认为是flimsy。)表述的意思是在这个大数据时代，如果一个论点不是以数据为基础，就会被认为不可信，没有说服力；划线词flimsy指“没有说服力的，不可信的”，与unpersuasive“没有说服力的”意思一致。故选D。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。文章倒数第二段“The many weaknesses associated with quantitative research should not be ignored, either. There are numerous ways to design a study and gather findings, each one likely to produce different results. The move to online research has made findings much more questionable, as nothing got from the Internet should be taken too seriously. Besides, how questions are both asked and answered is highly subjective and dependent on many variables.(与定量研究相关的许多弱点也不应被忽视。设计研究和收集发现的方法有很多，每一种方法都可能产生不同的结果。转向网络研究使得研究结果更加可疑，因为从互联网上得到的任何东西都不应该太当真。此外，如何提问和回答问题是高度主观的，取决于许多变量。)”指出定量研究有许多不应忽视的缺点，多种研究方法会产生不同的结果、基于网络的研究结果也不可靠、提问和回答问题是高度主观的，取决于许多变量；由此可知，倒数第二段主要阐述了定量研究的缺点。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。在最后一段“Why do we love data so much? Words are imprecise and have multiple meanings, while numbers are precise and definitive, a big reason why we put so much faith and trust in data regardless of its source. To legitimize (证明……有理) this post, note that 88.6 percent of what I’ve said is true.(为什么我们如此热爱数据?文字是不精确的，有多种含义，而数字是精确的，明确的，这是我们如此信任数据的一个重要原因，而不管它的来源是什么。为了证明这篇文章有理，请注意我所说的88.6%是真的。)”中作者首先阐述了我们如此热爱信任数据是因为数字是精确的、明确的；文章是一篇驳论文，批驳了当前的唯数据论，作者在结尾时却运用数据（强调文章中所说的88.6 %是真的）来为了证明所写的这篇文章有理；作为说理类文章，如何能给出一个确切的关于真实性的数字，因此作者在结尾运用了反讽的写作手法。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you remember those times when your mother told you to avoid talking to strangers? But now you’re not a child anymore. In fact, there are many advantages of talking to strangers. ●You can meet a really great person. Talking to a stranger is a good habit because you never know whom you may meet. ____16____. You can also meet someone who will give you a chance to get your dream job. ●____17____. You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends’ and relatives’points of view about them, too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that will broaden your horizons. ●You can improve your social skills. ____18____. Asking appropriate questions and attentive listening are two skills that many of us don’t have. You can better these skills when talking to a stranger. ●You can cheer someone up. The thing you’ll definitely like about talking to strangers is that you can make someone’s day better. ____19____. Praise people and they will think something pleasant about you. Having a sweet short dialogue is one of those perfect chances to make people cheerful. ●You can find the solutions you didn’t know about. Talking to someone you don’t know is all about finding out something you didn’t know. You may have some problems that you can’t solve for a long time. However, someone you suddenly meet can figure out the right solution you didn’t even think about before. ____20____. A. You can expand your world view. B. Smile and people will smile in return. C. Why not speak to someone until your turn comes? D. It may be the help you needed to get a long time ago. E. You shouldn’t miss these unexpected chances of meeting people. F. You can meet a person who will become your best friend in the future. G. Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers. 【答案】16. F 17. A 18. G 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了与陌生人交谈的一些好处。 【16题详解】 根据该段标题“You can meet a really great person.”（你会遇到一个很棒的人。）引出话题，提到遇到一个很棒的人。以及下文“You can also meet someone who will give you a chance to get your dream job.”（你也可以遇到一个人，他会给你一个机会得到你梦想的工作。）说明遇到的另一个很棒的人。由此可推知，空格处内容为遇到其中之一很棒的人。结合选项F项“You can meet a person who will become your best friend in the future.（你会遇到一个人，他将来会成为你最好的朋友。）”符合此推断，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选F项。 【17题详解】 由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends’ and relatives’ points of view about them, too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that will broaden your horizons.”（你对不同主题有一些看法，你也知道你的朋友和亲戚对他们的看法。但是还有成千上万的人有不同的想法，他们可以给你意想不到的聪明想法，开阔你的视野。）可知，讲的是与陌生人交谈可能会给你意想不到的观点，开阔你的视野。结合选项A项“You can expand your world view.（你可以扩展你的世界观。）”意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选A项。 【18题详解】 根据本段标题“You can improve your social skills.”（你可以提高你的社交技能。）可知，本段讨论的是“与陌生人交谈对提高社交技能的作用”。结合选项G项“Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers.（无论你有什么社交技巧，你都可以在与陌生人交谈时让它们变得更好。）”和本段主旨内容一致，上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选G项。 【19题详解】 根据本段标题“You can cheer someone up.”（你可以让别人高兴起来。）引出话题，提到让别人高兴起来。以及下文“Praise people and they will think something pleasant about you.”（赞美别人，他们就会对你有好感。）由此可知，本段谈论的是，与陌生人交谈可以让别人开心。结合选项B项“Smile and people will smile in return.（微笑，别人也会报以微笑。）”和本段内容主旨一致，起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境。故选B项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“However, someone you suddenly meet can figure out the right solution you didn’t even think about before.”（然而，你突然遇到的某个人可以想出你以前甚至没有想过的正确解决方案。）讲的是别人提供帮助，给你解决方案。结合选项D项“It may be the help you needed to get a long time ago.（这可能是你很久以前就需要的帮助。）”承接上文内容，为上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选D项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Childhood should be full of friends, play, and happiness. But when children are____21____ and without their peer(同龄) group, they may ____22____ a helping hand to get back on track. That’s why schools in India are teaching ____23____. Actually, it is important to ___24___kids to be resilient (有弹力). They needed a(n) ____25____that could teach students to identify emotions and ways to release them. The happiness course was ___26___started by the Indian government in 2018. It ___27___ mental health, well-being. It also encouraged___28___ peer interactions for elementary school children. The course included storytelling and teamwork activities. “The happiness course is a(n)___29___, and schools should welcome it. The objectives include developing self-awareness, mindfulness(正念减压法), critical thinking, and helping children ____30____ life skills to deal with stress,” said Shikha Banerjee, the principal of the Seth Anandram Jaipuria School in Kanpur. “Mindfulness(正念减压法) is the cornerstone(基石) of the happiness course and its biggest _______31_______ is that every day 1.6 million children in Delhi start their studies in school with mindfulness. It has been____32____ as a turning point in the lives of students studying in Delhi schools and has relieved (缓解) children from stress and _____33_____ their focus in studies,” deputy chief minister Manish Sisodia said during the Mindful Education Awards 2021 program. The award is good to recognize the efforts of schools in creating a mentally and ____34____healthy environment for the development of ____35____ through teaching mindfulness. 21. A. sad B. afraid C. lonely D. angry 22. A. need B. offer C. lend D. give 23. A. lessons B. happiness C. standard D. subjects 24. A. allow B. persuade C. train D. direct 25. A. ability B. chance C. guide D. course 26. A. gradually B. originally C. finally D. specially 27. A. focused on B. depended on C. stuck to D. consisted of 28. A. classic B. typical C. various D. positive 29. A. example B. surprise C. success D. conclusion 30. A. apply B. practice C. contain D. adapt 31. A. desire B. image C. concern D. beauty 32. A. hosted B. regarded C. come D. put 33. A. limited B. located C. distracted D. increased 34. A. physically B. fortunately C. merely D. actually 35. A. women B. children C. adults D. elders 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，介绍了印度学校教授的幸福课程的内容和目标。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当孩子们感到孤独，没有同伴时，他们可能需要帮助才能回到正轨。A. sad悲伤的；B. afraid害怕的；C. lonely孤单的；D. angry生气的。根据“without their peer group”可知，孩子们没有同伴会孤独。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. need需要；B. offer提供；C. lend借出；D. give给。根据“But when children are____1____ and without their peer group”及“a helping hand to get back on track”可知，当孩子们孤独时，需要别人的帮助。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么印度的学校在教授幸福。A. lessons课；B. happiness幸福；C. standard标准；D. subjects主题。根据下文“The happiness course”可知，印度的学校教授幸福。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，让孩子有复原能力是很重要的。A. allow允许、让；B. persuade说服；C. train训练；D. direct指导。根据“kids to be resilient”可知，允许孩子们拥有在困境中的复原能力是重要的。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们需要一门可以教学生识别情绪和释放情绪的课程。A. ability能力；B. chance机会；C. guide指南；D. course课程。根据定语从句部分“that could teach students to identify emotions and ways to release them.”及下文“The happiness course”可知，这里表示孩子们需要一门可以教学生识别情绪和释放情绪的课程。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸福课程最初由印度政府于2018年启动。A. gradually逐渐地；B. originally起初；C. finally最终；D. specially专门地。根据“started by the Indian government in 2018”可知，幸福课程最初是2018年由印度政府启动的。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它关注的是心理健康和幸福。A. focused on集中于；B. depended on依靠；C. stuck to坚持；D. consisted of由……组成。根据“It ___7___ mental health, well-being.”可知，It指代该课程，表示课程关注心理健康和幸福。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它还鼓励小学生进行各种同伴互动。A. classic经典的；B. typical典型的；C. various各种各样的；D. positive积极的。根据下文“The course included storytelling and teamwork activities. ”及“peer interactions for elementary school children”可知，课程鼓励小学生进行各种同伴互动。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“幸福课程很成功，学校应该欢迎它。其目标包括培养自我意识、正念、批判性思维，并帮助孩子们运用生活技能来应对压力，”坎普尔赛斯·阿南德拉姆·斋普里亚学校校长希卡·班纳吉说。A. example例子；B. surprise惊讶；C. success成功；D. conclusion结论。根据“and schools should welcome it”可知，学校应该欢迎幸福课程，因为它是成功的。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. apply申请，应用；B. practice练习；C. contain包含；D. adapt适应，改编。根据“The objectives”及“life skills to deal with stress”可知，课程的目标其中一项是为了帮助孩子运用处理压力的生活技能。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“正念是幸福课程的基石，它最大的愿望是每天德里有160万儿童以正念开始他们的学习。这被认为是德里学校学生生活的转折点，减轻了孩子们的压力，提高了他们在学习上的注意力，”副首席部长曼尼什·西索迪亚在2021年正念教育奖活动上说。A. desire愿望；B. image图像；C. concern担忧；D. beauty美丽。根据“that every day 1.6 million children in Delhi start their studies in school with mindfulness.”可知，每天德里有160万儿童以正念开始它们的学习是幸福课程的愿望。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. hosted主办；B. regarded看待；C. come来；D. put放。根据“as a turning point in the lives of students”可知，此处表示“被视作”，用be regarded as。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. limited限制；B. located坐落；C. distracted使分心；D. increased增加。根据“has relieved children from stress”及“their focus in studies”可知，这项课程缓解孩子们的压力，增加他们对于学习的专注。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个奖项很好地肯定了学校通过教授正念，为儿童的发展创造一个身心健康的环境所做的努力。A. physically身体上；B. fortunately幸运地；C. merely仅仅；D. actually事实上。根据“mentally and ___14___healthy environment”可知，空处与mentally并列，表示“身体上地”，用physically。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. women女人；B. children孩子们；C. adults成年人；D. elders长辈。根据上文“The objectives include developing self-awareness, mindfulness, critical thinking, and helping children ___10___ life skills to deal with stress”描述课程的目标可知，这项课程关注的是孩子们的发展。故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As everyone knows, it is Jingdezhen in Jiangxi province where the local porcelain is highly desirable that is the center of world porcelain. Last year, my school held a two-day research activity, ____36____(guide) by the slogan, “Exploring ceramic (陶瓷的) culture, traveling through ancient and modern times”. The aim was to build students’ ____37____(aware) of traditional culture. On our way to Jingdezhen, our guide introduced ____38____(we) to the basics of porcelain production. Our first stop was the Museum of Chinese Ceramics, which has ____39____ unique and exquisite collection of porcelain made from materials such as clay and stone. The guide told us the great achievements in ceramics from ancient times until today. I listened carefully to everything. ____40____(date) back to Neolithic (新石器时代) period, clay was used to make pottery (陶器), ____41____was used to carry water and food. Today, we still use porcelain but our pottery is really far more beautiful than the products of those times. ____42____ the second day, the team leader took us to a small DIY porcelain factory. Under the guidance of the teacher, we ____43____(give) some clay and the chance to design a piece of pottery. Although our efforts were not as beautiful as the articles in the museum, they were our own work. The two-day activity was enjoyable and ____44____(meaning). I learned a lot about porcelain and ____45____(make) an item on my own. It meant a lot to me. 【答案】36 guided 37. awareness 38. us 39. a 40. Dating 41. which 42. On 43. were given 44. meaningful 45. made 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加的一个关于瓷器的调研活动。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，我们学校举办了为期两天的调研活动，活动的口号是“探索陶瓷文化，穿越古今”。guide和activity之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填guided。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：目的是培养学生对传统文化的认识。空处作宾语，且前面有名词所有格修饰，应填名词形式，awareness是不可数名词，故填awareness。 【38题详解】 考查代词。句意：在去景德镇的路上，导游向我们介绍了瓷器制作的基本知识。空处作宾语，应填宾格形式，故填us。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：我们的第一站是中国陶瓷博物馆，那里收藏了由粘土和石头等材料制成的独特而精美的瓷器。此处collection表示泛指，a collection of“一批……的收藏”，且unique以辅音音素开头，故填a。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：早在新石器时代，粘土就被用来制作陶器，用来装水和食物。clay和date back to之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，首字母应大写，故填Dating。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是pottery，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：第二天，领队带我们参观了一家小型DIY瓷厂。在具体的某一天使用介词on，首字母应大写，故填On。 【43题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在老师的指导下，我们得到了一些粘土和设计一件陶器的机会。主语we和give之间是被动关系，且句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词使用were，故填were given。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这两天的活动是愉快而有意义的。空处和形容词enjoyable并列作表语，应填形容词形式，故填meaningful。 【45题详解】 考查时态。句意：我学到了很多关于瓷器的知识，也学会了自己动手制作。空处和learned是并列的谓语动词，应用动词过去式，故填made。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 你校举办了“中国非物质文化遗产进校园”的活动，请你以“Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage into Campus”为题为校英语报写一篇英语报道，内容包括： 1.活动时间； 2.活动内容； 3.活动反响。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Chinese Intangible Culture Heritage into Campus Our school, in collaboration with the local museum, held an event titled “Chinese Intangible Culture Heritage into Campus” in the school hall from June 20th to June 26th. The activities included exhibitions, lectures, performances and interactive workshops. Skilled craftsmen and artists were invited to demonstrate traditional Chinese art such as paper cutting, calligraphy, and Peking opera. Our students also participated in hands-on workshops, allowing them to learn and experience these art forms firsthand. The activities were well-received by students and teachers, which has raised our awareness of protecting China’s intangible cultural heritage. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage into Campus”为题为校英语报写一篇英语报道。 【详解】1.词汇积累 包含：include→involve 意识：awareness→ consciousness 使能够：allow→enable 保护：protect→preserve 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Our students also participated in hands-on workshops, allowing them to learn and experience these art forms firsthand. 拓展句：Our students also participated in hands-on workshops, which allowed them to learn and experience these art forms firsthand. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Our students also participated in hands-on workshops, allowing them to learn and experience these art forms firsthand.（运用了现在分词allowing作状语） 【高分句型2】The activities were well-received by students and teachers, which has raised our awareness of protecting China’s intangible cultural heritage.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 One cold winter's day, three boys were wandering the street. The oldest was Henry, who always was in trouble himself, and tried to get others into trouble. Another boy, James, was also a naughty one. Both of the two often got scoldings from their fathers for making trouble. The youngest, whose name was George, was a very good boy. He wished to do right, but was very much wanting in courage. As they were passing by a schoolhouse, Henry suddenly came up with an idea. “How fun it would be to throw a snowball at the schoolroom door and make the teacher and the students all jump!” he said excitedly. “Ha! You would jump, if you should do that. If the teacher did not catch you and punish you, he would tell your father, and you would get a scolding then. 'That would make you jump higher than the students, I think. “James replied. “Why, we would get off already before the teacher could come to the door so that he could not tell who we are.” Henry said as his eyes fell on George, who was looking at them in silence. Henry smiled cunningly(狡猾的) and continued, " Here is a snowball just as hard as ice, and George would throw it at the door as fast as he could.” “Give it to him and see. I guess he would not dare to throw it.” James said. “James, do you think George is a coward(胆小鬼)? You do not know him as well as I do!” Henry said with eyebrows uplifted, staring at George provocatively(挑衅地). Then he held the snowball and lifted it up. “George, take the snowball, and show James that you are not such a coward as he thinks you are.” After saying this, he passed the snowball to George. Para 1: Looking at the snowball in his hand, George hesitated. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2: The two looked at George, astonished. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Para 1: Looking at the snowball in his hand, George hesitated. There were two Georges battling against each other within. One urged him to throw the snowball; otherwise he would be called to a coward and laughed at. The other was trying to prevent him and tell him such behavior was truly ridiculous and totally wrong. When the other two boys stared at him inquiringly and encouragingly, George squared his shoulders and exclaimed firmly, “I quit!” Para 2: The two looked at George, astonished. This was out of their expectation. “There! I told you he dare not throw it!” James said to Henry. George could hear the obvious disappointment in his voice. Gathering all his courage, George said, “I will never be so foolish to throw that snowball and no one can have me do what I think is wrong!” This would be the real courage. Henry and James realized, at once, that it would do no good to laugh at a boy who had so bold a heart and so fearless a spirit. 【解析】 【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了两个调皮的男孩James和Henry怂恿一个很想证明自己不是胆小鬼的孩子George朝教室的门扔雪球。George最后用拒绝来证明自己是一个有勇气的孩子。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“看着自己手里的雪球，George犹豫了”可知，第一段可描写George内心的纠结，不扔会被嘲笑，大家会觉得他是一个胆小鬼，扔的话可能会受到老师和爸爸的责备。 ②由第二段首句内容“这两个男孩子吃惊地看着George”可知，第二段可描写George很可能做了让人意外的选择，所以才会让James和Henry感到出乎意料。 2.续写线索：George犹豫——George内心挣扎——George放弃扔雪球——两个男孩吃惊——George表明自己的勇气——James和Henry感到出乎意料 3.词汇激活 行为类 尝试：try to/ attempt to 凝视：stare at/ gaze 让某人做某事：have sb. do sth./ make sb. do sth. 情绪类 惊讶：astonished / surprised 勇敢：bold /fearless/ brave 【点睛】[高分句型1] When the other two boys stared at him inquiringly and encouragingly, George squared his shoulders and exclaimed firmly, “I quit!”(运用了when引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Henry and James realized, at once, that it would do no good to laugh at a boy who had so bold a heart and so fearless a spirit. (运用了that引导宾语从句和who引导定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $