Unit 2 Thinking out of the box Reading 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册

该高中英语课件聚焦“思想实验”主题，系统呈现其定义、功能、历史及意义，通过爱因斯坦光速实验提问导入，结合庄子“一尺之捶”、伽利略落体实验等案例，以主题句引领、衔接词串联的结构支架，帮助学生构建知识脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过分析说明文词汇（如hypothetical situations）、逻辑衔接词（如thus）提升文本理解，借助忒修斯之船案例激发批判思考，采用“案例探究-结构解析-实践仿写”方法，助力学生提升读写能力与创新思维，教师可依托清晰框架高效实施教学。

高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册课件 Unit 2 Thinking out of the box Reading Page 16-19 Thought experiments: the laboratory of the mind 思想实验：头脑中的实验室 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 【What】本板块的语篇话题是“思想实验”，通过一篇网站文章介绍了思想实验的定义、历史、不同类型以及它对人类认知和发展的意义。文章首先以爱因斯坦的一项知名的思想实验为例引出话题，然后介绍了思想实验的定义；接着结合历史上著名的几项思想实验，阐述了这一概念的发展过程以及重要性。 【Why】本文通过解析“思想实验”这一看似新颖实则历史悠久的概念，旨在帮助我们探究其背后的意义，理解思想实验如何促进了人类社会的进步和发展，鼓励我们打破思维观念的局限性，养成积极思考、主动创新的意识。 【How】本文的语篇类型为说明文，文章结构清晰，逻辑严密。第一段以爱因斯坦的一项思想实验引出话题，点明思想实验能够成为科学理论产生的重要影响因素；第二段阐述了什么是思想实验，以及为什么要进行思想实验；第三段介绍了思想实验在不同历史阶段的发展和运用；第四段和第五段指出了思想实验的类型和重要作用；最后一段总结全文，号召读者大胆进行自己的思想实验。结构层面，前两段以问句开头引发思考和阅读兴趣，后四段以主题句开头，统领每段的中心思想；词汇层面，作者运用大量与主题相关的语境词汇， 如thought,thinking,theory,hypothetical situations 等，帮 助 学 生 理 解 思 想 实 验 的特点和意义；修辞层面，作者运用一些富有哲理的表达，如 As we explore the world in greater depth, we may reach a point ... 和 stretch our minds by confronting and considering difficult questions ... 等来增强文章的说理性；逻辑层面，作者合理运用 衔接词，如使用 put simply 进行解释，使用 instead,thus 等来连接要点，从而使行文逻辑顺畅，过渡自然。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. identify the definition, function and significance of thought experiments; 2. analyse the writing techniques of the website article; 3. use examples to introduce an invention; 4. recognize the importance of thought experiments and adopt new ways of thinking. Curious by nature, humans explore the world with various experiments. The website article below is about a unique type of experiment known as thought experiments. Before you read the article, think about the following questions: nature天性；本性；性格 1)What do we need to do in order to conduct an experiment? There are several general steps needed to conduct an experiment: making observations, formulating a hypothesis, designing and conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis, evaluating the results of the experiment, accepting or rejecting the hypothesis. If necessary, design a different experiment to test a new hypothesis. formulate/ˈfɔːmjʊˌleɪt/制订,规划,构想,准备;确切表达,认真阐述 2) Look at the title and the pictures. What kind of experiment do you think thought experiments are? The title states “Thought experiments: the laboratory of the mind”, which makes me think that these experiments take place inside our minds instead of being done in real life. The pictures of the heads show the process of these experiments and suggest that a possible answer can be found in this way. What would we observe if we travelled at the speed of light? This is a question Albert Einstein asked himself at the age of 16. Imagining himself pursuing a beam of light, he reasoned that he should observe such a beam of light as an electromagnetic field at rest. 如果我们以光速行进，会观察到什么？这是阿尔伯特 • 爱因斯坦在 16 岁时问他自己的一个问题。他想象自己追着一束光，并推理出，他应该会观察到这束光成为了一个静止的电磁场。 travel(以某速度、朝某方向或在某距离内)行进,转送,传播走得快,快速行进 Albert Einstein /ˌælbət ˈaɪnstaɪn/阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 rea·son  v.推理,推论,推断;思考,理解 at rest (术语)静止,不动;安息,长眠 This intuitive thinking later played an important role in the development of his special theory of relativity, as Einstein acknowledged in his 1949 Autobiographical Notes. It came to be known as one of Einstein’s most famous thought experiments.正如爱因斯坦在他 1949 年的《自述》中所承认的那样，这个直觉性的想法之后在他的狭义相对论的发展中发挥了重要作用。这后来成为了爱因斯坦最著名的思想实验之一。 rela·tiv·ity  /ˌreləˈtɪvəti/ [ U]相对论 autobiographical/ˌɔːtəˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/自传性的 Autobiographical Notes《自述》(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的作品) So, what are thought experiments? Put simply, they are experiments carried out in the laboratory of the mind; in other words, they take place in the imagination. We set up some hypothetical situation, carry out an operation, see what happens, and draw a conclusion from our analysis.那么，什么是思想实验呢？简单地说，它们是在头脑中的实验室里进行的实验。换句话说，思想实验发生在想象中。我们提出某种假设情况，进行一场实验，看看会发生什么，然后从我们的分析中得出结论。 put说,表达 to put it another way 换个说法 set sth up建起,设立,设置 operation(数学)运算 As we explore the world in greater depth, we may reach a point where it is impossible to run an experimental scenario in the real world due to physical, ethical or financial limitations. 当我们更深入地探索世界时，可能会遇到这样一种情况，即由于物理、伦理或财务上的限制而无法在现实世界中运行一个实验场景。 in depth: in a detailed and thorough way全面,深入,详细 point时刻,关头,瞬间,阶段 run（使）运转,运行,操作 scen·ario /səˈnɑːriəʊ/(艺术或文学作品中的)场景;设想,方案,预测 eth·ic·al /ˈeθɪkl/ (有关)道德的,伦理的;合乎道德的 In such circumstances, we move into the area of thought experiments, which function as a valuable means to test the limits of our knowledge and advance our understanding of the world. 在这种情况下，我们就进入思想实验的领域。作为一种有价值的手段，思想实验可以检验我们知识的极限，增进我们对世界的理解。 in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此 function as sb/sth起…作用；具有…功能 advance促进；推动,=further While the term “thought experiment” originated in the 19th century, the use of thought experiments can be traced much further back, when ancient philosophers used them to explore difficult questions. About 2,500 years ago, Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi recorded one of the earliest thought experiments: if you cut a long stick in half and then cut the remaining part in two each following day, you will never finish cutting it.虽然“思想实验”一词起源于 19 世纪，但其应用可以追溯到更早的时候，那时的古代哲学家们用思想实验来探索难题。大约 2500 年前，中国哲学家庄子记录了最早的思想实验之一：一尺之捶，日取其半，万世不竭。 cut sth (in/into sth)用刀等将某物）切成，割成 With the birth of modern science, thought experiments became an important tool for scientists, especially in physics. Today thought experiments are regularly used in the areas of philosophy, economics and the sciences. Throughout history, thought experiments have contributed to the development of scientific theories. With logical reasoning, thought experiments are capable of putting forward a new theory and supporting or disproving an existing theory. ex·ist·ing  /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/ 现存的；现行的 dis·prove vt.反驳;证明…是错误（或虚假）的 A classic example of this is Galileo Galilei’s thought experiment with two falling balls. In Galileo’s day, Aristotle’s belief that a heavier ball should fall faster than a lighter one was well accepted. Doubtful, Galileo asked what would happen if the two balls were tied together. 这方面的一个经典例子是伽利略 •伽利雷关于两个下落球体的思想实验。在伽利略的时代，人们普遍接受亚里士多德的观点，即一个较重的球应该比一个较轻的球下落得更快。伽利略对此持怀疑态度，他问道，如果把两个球绑在一起，会发生什么？ Galileo Galilei /ˌɡæləˈleɪəʊ ɡæləˈleɪ/伽利略·伽利雷 day时期；时代 Aristotle/ˈærɪˌstɒtəl/亚里士多德 He then figured out two contradictory outcomes: because the two balls fell at different speeds, the lighter ball would slow down the fall of the heavier one; but if the two balls were considered as a whole, together they weighed more and should fall faster than each individual ball. Using the power of the mind, Galileo was able to expose the paradox and prove Aristotle wrong. 接着他想出了两种互相矛盾的结果：因为两个球下落的速度不同，较轻的球会减慢较重的球的下落速度；但如果把这两个球作为一个整体来考虑，它们加在一起的重量更大，应该比每个单独的球下落得更快。伽利略运用思想的力量揭露了这一悖论，证明了亚里士多德是错误的。 as a wholes作为一个整体,总体上 expose 揭露；揭穿 However, thought experiments are not always about proving something right or wrong with a definite answer. Instead, by making abstract, complex ideas more concrete and accessible, thought experiments can stimulate debate and lead to a more thorough understanding of the topic in question.然而，思想实验并非总是要用一个明确的答案来证明某件事是对还是错。相反，通过使抽象、复杂的概念变得更加具体和易于理解，思想实验能够引发辩论，让人们对所讨论的问题有更透彻的理解。 definite/ˈdɛfɪnɪt/明确的,肯定的,确定的,不会改变的 ac·cess·ible /əkˈsesəbl/ 容易理解的,易懂的 in question讨论(或议论)中的; 有疑问,不确定 A famous example is the Ship of Theseus, which was first written down by the ancient Greek philosopher and biographer Plutarch in the 1st century. He mentioned that for many centuries, the people of Athens kept the old ship of the ancient Greek hero Theseus. 这种思想实验的一个著名例子是“忒修斯之船”，最早由古希腊哲学家和传记作家普鲁塔克在公元 1 世纪所记录。他提到，几个世纪以来，雅典人一直保存着古希腊英雄忒修斯的旧船。 the Ship of Theseus /ˈθiːsiəs/忒修斯之船(普鲁塔克记录的思想实验) biog·raph·er  /baɪˈɒɡrəfə(r)/ 传记作家 Plutarch/ˈpluːtɑːk/普鲁塔克(古罗马时代希腊哲学家、传记作家) Over the years, all the original wooden parts of the ship were damaged and replaced by the local people. Plutarch questioned whether this ship was still Theseus’s old ship, or whether it was an entirely new one.Many centuries later, the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes took the thought experiment one step further: what if someone collected all the original parts and rebuilt another ship? Which of the ships would then be the ship of Theseus? 多年来，船上所有的原始木制部件都已受损并被当地人替换了。普鲁塔克质疑这艘船是否仍是忒修斯的旧船，还是一艘全新的船。许多世纪之后，英国哲学家托马斯 • 霍布斯将这项思想实验进一步延伸：如果有人收集了所有原始部件，重建成另一艘船呢？那么哪条船才是忒修斯的船呢？ Even today, the Ship of Theseus still sparks intense debate and continues to raise many questions about the nature of identity.仍然引发着激烈的争论，并继续提出许多与身份的本质相关的问题。 With hypothetical situations, thought experiments allow us to explore the outcome of a given hypothesis which has real-life significance. They also help us stretch our minds by confronting and considering difficult questions. 在假设的情况下，思想实验使我们能够探索具有现实意义的某一给定假设的结果。它们也帮助我们通过面对并思考难题来拓展思维。 stretch使竭尽所能,使全力以赴,使发挥出全部本领 confront处理,解决(问题或困境);面对,对抗 Why not ask our own “What if ...” questions? By adopting new and innovative ways of thinking, we may arrive at surprising conclusions.为什么不提出我们自己的“如果……将会怎样”的问题呢？通过运用全新且创新性的思维方式，我们也许会得出意想不到的结论。 A. Understanding the text Page 18 A1. Read the website article and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph. Thought experiments are defined as experiments carried out in the imagination. Thought experiments have a long history and are used in many areas. Thought experiments can stimulate debate and lead to a more thorough understanding of the topic in question. Participating in thought experiments can help us stretch our minds. A2. Read the website article again carefully and answer the following questions. 1. Why is it sometimes impossible to carry out experiments in the real world? 2. In what areas are thought experiments regularly used today? Due to physical, ethical or financial limitations. They are regularly used in the areas of philosophy, economics and the sciences. 3. What was the paradox exposed by Galileo? If a heavier ball and a lighter one were tied together and fell to the ground, the fall of the heavier ball should be slowed down by the lighter one; however, the two balls, when considered as a whole, should fall faster than each individual ball. 4. What questions did Thomas Hobbes put forward about the ship of Theseus? A3. In pairs, discuss the following questions. 1. How do you think thought experiments are different from and similar to real‑life experiments? What if someone collected all the original parts and rebuilt another ship? Which of the ships would then be the ship of Theseus? Thought experiments differ from real-life experiments in that they are performed in the imagination, while real-life experiments are done in the physical environment.Thought experiments can test theories outside of the boundaries set by the physical world, whereas real-life experiments are limited by the physical, ethical or financial factors of the world. When conducted, real-life experiments are influenced by various factors in an environment, unlike thought experiments that are usually set in an ideal environment. However, the two types of experiment share similarities. In both types of experiment, we set up a situation, observe what happens, and then draw a conclusion. Moreover, both must follow the accepted scientific principles of an experiment, that is, they must be supported by independently confirmed factual observations and take place in the context of well-developed background theory.此外，这两种实验都必须遵循公认的实验科学原则，即必须有经独立证实的事实性观察作为支撑，并且要处于完善的背景理论的框架内进行。accepted/əkˈsɛptɪd/公认的 confirmed坚定的，根深蒂固的；已被证实的 well-developed 精心制作的; 发展良好的 2. The author gives examples of some famous thought experiments. Which of them is the most impressive to you? Why? To me, Galileo’s thought experiment is most impressive. Not only does it disprove Aristotle’s belief that a heavier ball should fall faster than a lighter one, but it also encourages us to question the so-called “accepted” truths when we disagree with them. Galileo’s logical reasoning provides two scenarios that Aristotle did not think about. By doing this, Galileo’s thought experiment shows us the power of the mind and that we must not be afraid to use it, even if it means proving a well-accepted theory wrong. 3. What might be the disadvantages of thought experiments? Support your opinion with reasons. Thought experiments, especially in physics, do not take into consideration any physical factors found in the environment that may influence the outcome of the experiment. This means that what is being mentally observed may not be realistic or applicable to the real world. 思想实验，尤其是在物理学领域中的此类实验，并不会考虑实验所处环境中存在的任何可能影响实验结果的物理因素。这意味着在头脑中所观察到的情况可能并不符合实际情况，也不适用于现实世界。 ap·plic·able (to sb/sth)  /əˈplɪkəbl/ 适用；合适 Also, thought experiments can unintentionally reach incorrect conclusions when incorrect assumptions are made or relevant ones omitted, even by capable scientists or philosophers.此外，思维实验若在假设设定上出现错误，或者遗漏了关键的假设条件，即便是由经验丰富的科学家或哲学家来进行，也可能无意中得出错误的结论。 unintentionally无意地；非故意地；非存心地 in·cor·rect 不准确的,不正确的,不真实的;(说话或举止)不合规矩的,不当的,不端的 as·sump·tion 假定,假设;(责任的)承担,担任,(权力的)获得 omit sth/sb (from sth) /əˈmɪt/ ( -tt- ) 删除,忽略,漏掉,遗漏 cap·able能力强的；足以胜任的 B. Building your language Page 19 B1.The passage below is about a thought experiment created by Isaac Newton. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. means depth thorough be capable of outcome accessible carry out figure out Isaac Newton /ˌaɪzək ˈnjuːtən/艾萨克·牛顿（英国物理学家、数学家） depth 渊博；深刻；洞察力 We have all heard about gravity. We know that gravity makes apples fall to the ground and stops us from flying off into space. But have you ever wondered, when looking at the Moon, why it does not come crashing down to the Earth? Well, this is a question that also puzzled Isaac Newton. To find the answer, he (1) __________ a thought experiment which is now known as Newton’s Cannon. carry sth. out 履行,实施,执行,落实;完成(任务) Newton’s Cannon牛顿大炮(艾萨克·牛顿设计的思想实验) carried out In his book published in 1687, Newton imagined shooting a cannonball horizontally from the top of a very high mountain, where there was no air and consequently no air resistance. Without the force of gravity, the cannonball would go in a straight line.However, as the force of gravity pulls everything earthwards, the cannonball would travel in a curve and finally reach the ground. 在 1687 年出版的著作中，牛顿设想从一座非常高的山顶水平发射一枚炮弹，那里没有空气，因此也就没有空气阻力。由于没有重力的作用，炮弹会沿直线飞行。然而，由于重力会将一切物体向地球引力方向拉去，炮弹会呈曲线飞行并最终落到地面。 horizontally/ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntəli/水平地；地平地 When the cannonball was fired at higher speed, it would travel farther and farther before it hit the ground. Then Newton (2) __________ that at the right speed, the cannonball would follow exactly the curve of the Earth’s surface, never falling to the ground. The (3) ________ was that the cannonball successfully went into orbit around the Earth. 当炮弹以更高的速度发射时，它会飞得越来越远，直到最终触地。随后牛顿得出结论：在适当的发射速度下，炮弹会沿着地球表面的曲线飞行，永远不会掉到地面。结果就是炮弹成功地进入了绕地轨道。 hit 到达（某地） figured out outcome The speed required for the cannonball to orbit the Earth is 7.9 kilometres per second.In Newton’s day, there was simply no (4) ______ to fire a cannonball at that speed. However, Newton constructed this brilliant thought experiment with a clever combination of his imagination and knowledge of physics, which contributed to a more (5) _________ understanding of gravity as a universal force.炮弹绕地球运行所需的速度为每秒 7.9 公里。在牛顿的时代，根本没有任何办法能将炮弹发射到那样的速度。然而，牛顿凭借其丰富的想象力和物理学知识巧妙地构建了这一精妙的思维实验，这有助于人们更深入地理解引力这一普遍存在的力。 means thorough Newton’s Cannon also became the first and most (6) _________ explanation for orbital motion. It was not until centuries later, when space rockets were invented,that we (7) ______________ testing Newton’s idea in real life. Thanks to Newton’s (8) ______ of thinking, many satellites, routinely used for communication and navigation, orbit the Earth. Just like the Moon, you now know why they don’t fall on your head! 牛顿的“大炮模型”也成为了解释轨道运动的首个且最为通俗易懂的理论。直到数百年后，当太空火箭被发明出来时，我们才得以在实际生活中验证牛顿的这一观点。多亏了牛顿深刻的思考，许多用于通信和导航的卫星围绕地球运行。就像月球一样，现在你明白了为什么它们不会掉到你的头上了吧！ routinely/ruːˈtiːnlɪ/例行公事地，常规地；惯常地，毫不意外地 accessible were capable of depth B2. The website article uses an example to introduce the topic of thought experiments,which makes the introduction more appealing and accessible to the reader. Find the example in the article and write a similar introduction to an article about inventions. Use the information below about the innovation of paper to help you. The example to introduce the topic in the website article: What would we observe if we travelled at the speed of light? This is a question Albert Einstein asked himself at the age of 16. Imagining himself pursuing a beam of light,he reasoned that he should observe such a beam of light as an electromagnetic field at rest. This intuitive thinking later played an important role in the development of his special theory of relativity, as Einstein acknowledged in his 1949 Autobiographical Notes. It came to be known as one of Einstein’s most famous thought experiments. Inventor Cai Lun (the Eastern Han Dynasty) Process • Letting sheets of wet fibre float in the water • Slowly draining the moisture until the paper was bone dry drain/dreɪn/使沥干; 沥干 mois·ture /ˈmɔɪstʃə(r)/ 潮气,水汽,水分 bone dry完全干燥 Significance Leading to a rapid increase in paper production The invention of paper in the form we recognize today was the brainchild of Cai Lun, who lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty. This type of paper, called Cai Lun Paper, was invented by using materials that were cheap and easily available, which reduced the cost of paper production. Cai Lun had the idea of letting sheets of wet fibre float in the water for a while. 我们如今所熟知的纸张形式的发明，是由生活在东汉时期的蔡伦完成的。这种被称为“蔡伦纸”的纸张，是通过使用价格低廉且容易获取的材料而发明的，这降低了纸张的生产成本。蔡伦的构想是让湿纤维片在水中漂浮一段时间。 brain·child(个人或小群体的)主意,发明,智慧结晶 The sheets of wet fibre were then pressed slowly to drain the moisture until the paper was bone dry. This method proved to be a successful and popular way to make paper. The invention of Cai Lun Paper led to a rapid increase in paper production.然后，这些湿纤维片被缓慢压平以排出水分，直到纸张完全干燥。这种方法被证明是一种成功且受欢迎的造纸方式。蔡伦纸的发明导致了纸张产量的迅速增长。 Workbook Page 62 Exploring language A. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. alternative tackle outcome take pride in disturbing expose in question be superior to 1. The latest model ____________ previous ones, so it is selling like hot cakes. be selling/going like hot cakes非常抢手，非常畅销 is superior to 2. Considering the many drawbacks of fossil fuels, we must look for __________ sources of energy.替代能源 3. He adopted a top-down approach to ________ the problem, which proved to be effective. 4. The ________ of the negotiation was by no means surprising. 这次谈判的结果实在不出所料。 draw·back of/to (doing) sth缺点;不利条件;障碍 top-down(计划、项目等 ) 从总体到具体的,自上而下的,先总后分的;与高层有关的 by no means/not by any means 绝不,一点也不 alternative tackling outcome 5. My head teacher always _________________ every bit of progress made by his students. 6. People with more muscle mass are less likely to lose heat when ________ to severe cold. 肌肉量较多的人在暴露于严寒环境中时，散热的几率会更低。 7. The report contains some __________ information and sets people thinking about what can be done to improve the situation. dis·turb·ing 引起烦恼的,令人不安的,引起恐慌的 set使处于某种状况；使开始 takes/took pride in exposed disturbing 8. I’m afraid we’ve been talking about irrelevant details. Let’s go back to the topic ___________. 恐怕我们一直在谈论一些不相关的细节问题了。咱们还是回到正题上来吧。 C. Translate the following sentences into English. Use the words and phrases in the brackets. Page 63 in question 1. 一家有责任感的公司不应该仅仅追求经济上的成功，它还应该致力于对社会作出贡献。(financial) 2. 过去几十年里，这座城市已经变得让人认不出来了。(recognition) A responsible company should not aim for financial success only. It should also make a commitment to making contributions to society. The city has changed beyond recognition over the past decades. change/alter beyond/out of recognition变得面目全非,沧海桑田 3. 考虑到这个包是手工制作的，它的价格很公道。(considering that ...) 4. 那时他发明了一种新的游戏，但遗憾的是，它没有流行起来。(catch on) Considering that the bag is handmade, its price is reasonable. He invented a new game at that time, but unfortunately it did not catch on. un·for·tu·nate·ly不幸地,遗憾地,可惜地,可悲地,=regrettably 5. 我不太喜欢悲剧，但昨晚我试着看了一下。(give it a shot) 6. 在关键时刻，我们应该有能力独自应对困难。(be capable of) I don’t really like tragedy, but I gave it a shot last night. shot at (doing) sth尝试；努力 At critical moments we should be capable of dealing with difficulties on our own. 7. 当你进行体育运动时，心脏会跳得更快，以增加供血。(participate in) 8. 优秀的建筑师总是很抢手。(in demand) When you participate in sport, the heart has to beat quicker to increase blood supply. Good architects are always in demand. in (great) demand受欢迎的,需求大 D.Fill in the blanks with proper words or the correct forms of the words in the brackets. The Dujiangyan Irrigation System is located on the Minjiang River, in the western part of the Chengdu Plain. (1) ___________(construct) around 256 BCE, it remains the world’s oldest irrigation system still in use today. plain  /pleɪn/ ( also plains [ pl.] )平原 BCE/ˌbiː siː ˈiː/ ( especially in NAmE B.C.E. ) 公元前 in use/out of use在用/不再用 Constructed When the annual floods of the Minjiang River caused enormous suffering, the governor Li Bing was so concerned (2) ____ he was determined to solve the problem. Li Bing and his son carefully (3) ________ (study) the flow of the river and the terrain of the plain. Drawing (4) ___ the water management experience of previous generations, they led the local people to construct an irrigation system. gov·ern·or 统治者,管辖者,总督;州长,董事,理事,主管,机构负责人,总裁 ter·rain /təˈreɪn/ 地形,地势,地带 draw on/upon sth凭借,利用,动用 that studied on Instead of building a dam, (5) ______ would have blocked boat traffic, they decided to make full use of the terrain and split the river to spread out the flow of water.Since there (6) ____(be) no advanced machinery, tens of thousands of workers used rocks to alter the course of the river. 他们没有修建会阻断船只通行的大坝，而是决定充分利用地形，将河流分割开来以分散水流。由于当时没有先进的机械设备，于是数以万计的工人用石头来改变河流的流向。 split (sth) (into sth)分开，使分开（成为几个部分） spread out/spread yourself out散开;伸展身体,摊开东西 ma·chin·ery/məˈʃiːnəri/ (统称)机器,(尤指)大型机器 course江河流向 which was When the water needed to be diverted through a mountain, they employed a (7) ________ (create)technique: exploding the rocks by heating them with fire and cooling them down quickly. 当需要将水引过一座高山时，他们采用了创新的方法：通过用火加热岩石并迅速冷却它们来炸开这些岩石。 di·vert  /daɪˈvɜːt/ 使转向,使绕道,转移;使分心;改变(资金、材料等)的用途;娱乐,供消遣 heat  /hiːt/ v.加热；变热；（使）变暖 cool sth down/off使（某物）变凉；使冷却下来 creative The Dujiangyan Irrigation System took almost a generation (8) ___________(complete). Since then, it has managed the waters of the Minjiang River and allowed local agriculture to develop, (9) ________ (ensure) a plentiful supply of food. This milestone in the history of water management is living proof that with innovation and (10) ____________(determine), ancient Chinese people made nature work to their advantage.都江堰灌溉系统的建造耗时近一代人的时间。自那时起，它就控制着岷江的水流，促进了当地农业的发展，从而保证了充足的粮食供应。这一在水资源管理史上的里程碑事件有力地证明了，凭借创新和决心，中国古代人民能够让大自然为他们所用。 plen·ti·ful /ˈplentɪfl/ 大量的,众多的,充足的,丰富的 be/work to your ad vantage对…有利；转而有利于 ensuring to complete determination $