专题01 现在完成时（寒假复习讲义）八年级英语新教材外研版

专题01 现在完成时 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 中考/高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 知识精讲 一、现在完成时的用法： 时态 含义 结构 时间状语 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或者表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 has/have+动词的过去分词形式 since，for，so far，already，yet，just, recently，ever，twice，in the last /past few years 二、现在完成时的句型结构： 三、常用的现在完成时的句型结构 （1）It has been / It’s+时间段+since+过去时从句 / 过去的时间 如：It has been / It‘s three years since we met each other last time. 自从我们上次见面以来已经有三年了。 （2）时间段+has passed+since+过去时从句 如：Many years has passed since we knew each other. 我们已经认识多年了。 ( 考点二 考点一 与时间段连用时短暂性动词变延续 性动词 现在完成时的用法和结构 ) 注意：1. 与表示一段时间的标志词连用，短暂性动词要变为持续性动词（见下表）。表示一段时间的标志词有：for，since，how long。 ( 考点 三 现在完成时用法辨析 ) 现在完成时用法辨析 （1）already用于肯定句；yet用于否定句或疑问句。 如：He has already told me the secret. 他已经告诉我这个秘密了。 I haven’t fed my pet dog yet. 我还没喂我的宠物狗。 （2）for+一段时间，表示“持续……” since+ 过去的时间点 / 过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来” 。 如：I have studied in this school for 3 years. 我已经在这所学校学习了三年。 I have studied in this school since 3 years ago. 我从三年前开始就在这所学校学习了。 I have studied in this school since I was 12 years old. 自从我12岁以来就在这学校学习了。 （3）have been to/have gone to/have been（in/at）区别 have been to表示“曾经去过（人已回来）” have gone to意为“已经去了（人不在这里）” have been （in/ at …） 表示“待在……一段时间”。 如：Have you ever been to HK? 你曾经去过香港吗？ Linda isn’t at home. She has gone to the library. 琳达不在家，她已经去了图书馆。 The Greens have been in China for 10 years. 格林一家人已经待在中国10年了。 （4）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时侧重对现在的影响；一般过去时只是对过去的描述，不强调影响，是过去的时间点发生的事情。When提问时间点，不能跟现在完成时连用。 如：I have had breakfast. 我已经吃了早餐了。（已经饱了，不用再吃了） I had breakfast. 我吃过早餐了。（普通描述过去的事情，没有饱不饱的含义） Derek has watched the movie. When did he watch it? 德里克已经看过这电影了。他什么时候看的？ 好题精练 1．（24-25八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末）With the development of science and technology, more and more robots ________ in our daily lives recently. A．appear B．appeared C．have appeared D．will appear 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的机器人出现在我们的日常生活中。 考查时态。根据“recently”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 2．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—Do you want to go to the movie with me tonight? —Sorry, I can’t. I ______ my homework yet. A．wasn’t finishing B．don’t finish C．didn’t finish D．haven’t finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你今晚想和我一起去看电影吗？——抱歉，我不能。我还没有完成我的作业。 考查时态。 wasn’t finishing没有在完成，过去进行时；don’t finish没有完成，一般现在时；didn’t finish没有完成，一般过去时； haven’t finished还没有完成，现在完成时。根据“yet”可知，该句应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，否定形式为“haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词”。故选D。 3．（24-25八年级下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）—Could you recommend a great novel to me? —The Old Man and the Sea. Even though I ________ the book three times, I am not tired of it yet. A．read B．will read C．have read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能给我推荐一本很棒的小说吗？——《老人与海》。尽管我已经读过这本书三遍了，但我还没有读厌。 考查现在完成时。根据“three times”和“I am not tired of it yet”可知，动作发生在过去但对现在仍有影响，需用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选C。 4．（24-25八年级上·山东威海·期末）—________ you ________ your medicine? —No, I ________ it right away. A．Have; taken; will take B．Have; had; will have C．Did; take; took 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你吃药了吗？——没有，我马上吃。 考查时态和动词短语。take medicine“吃药”，根据“you...your medicine”以及“No...”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have done，排除C；根据“right away”可知此处表示即将发生的动作，用一般将来时will do。故选A。 5．（24-25八年级下·海南省直辖县级单位·期末）Lucy ________ to the art museum many times and she can learn something new every time. A．went B．has been C．has gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Lucy去过艺术博物馆很多次，而且每次都能学到新东西。 考查动词的时态。根据“many times”可知，时态是现在完成时，排除A；have been to去过某地（现在已回来）；has gone to去了某地（现在还在那里或在去的路上）。根据语境可知，Lucy去过多次且现在不在博物馆。故选B。 6．（24-25八年级下·安徽阜阳·期末）—The movie Ne Zha is on these days. It’s fantastic. —Really? I ________ it yet. A．didn’t see B．won’t see C．haven’t seen D．is not seeing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——电影《哪吒》最近在上映。它非常精彩。——真的吗？我还没看。 考查动词时态。根据“Really?”和“yet”可知，此句表示动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，强调对现在的影响或结果，用现在完成时，表示还没看，用否定形式haven’t done。故选C。 7．（24-25八年级下·吉林·期末）—Have you _______ visited the old house by the river? —No, _______. A．ever; ever B．ever; never C．never; ever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你参观过河边的老房子吗？——不，从来没有。 考查副词辨析。ever曾经；never从不。根据“Have you…visited the old house by the river?”可知，此处是询问曾经参观过老房子吗？ever“曾经”，符合语境；根据“No…”可知，此处指的是从来没有去过。never“从不”，符合语境。故选B。 8．（24-25八年级上·山东威海·期末）—When ________ Peter ________ his hometown? —At the age of twelve. He ________ his hometown for nearly twenty years. A．has; left; has left B．did; leave; has been away from C．has; been away from; has left 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Peter 什么时候离开他的家乡？——在十二岁时。他离开家乡将近二十年了。 考查时态和动词用法。第一空：根据答语“At the age of twelve”可知，这是过去的具体时间点，需用一般过去时，因此用“did; leave”。第二空：根据“for nearly twenty years”，这是时间段，需用现在完成时且动词为延续性动词。leave是瞬间动词，不能与for短语连用，其对应的延续性表达为“be away from”，因此用“has been away from”。故选B。 9．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）She _________ in this neighborhood since she was born, so she _________ every street here. A．lives; knows B．has lived; knows C．lived; knew D．will live; will know 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她自出生起就一直生活在这个社区，所以她熟悉这里的每条街道。 考查动词时态。第一空since意为“自……以来”，是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为have/has done，且句子主语She为第三人称单数，助动词应使用has；第二空根据“so she …every street here.”可知，描述她现在的状态，对每一个街道都熟悉，所以使用一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数形式，应使用knows。故选B。 10．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）— How long _________ you _________ in this school? — Since I was in Grade 7. I _________ here for two years. A．are; studying; am B．have; studied; have been C．did; study; was D．will; study; will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在这所学校学习多久了？——自从我七年级开始。我在这里已经两年了。 考查动词时态。根据答语“Since I was in Grade 7.”可知，问句是询问从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，所以第一空和第二空应用现在完成时“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是you，助动词用have，study的过去分词是studied；第三空，根据“for two years”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，且还有可能继续持续下去，所以应用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have，be的过去分词是been，即have been。故选B。 11．（24-25八年级下·吉林四平·期末）Bob is a careful man. He ________ the dictionary for two years, but it is still new. A．has bought B．has had C．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：鲍勃是个细心的人。这本词典他用了两年了，但还是新的。 考查时态。 根据“for two years”可知句子是现在完成时，与延续性动词连用。故选B。 12．（24-25八年级上·山东东营·期末）—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ________ back to America. He ________ for a couple of weeks. A．went; has left B．has gone; has left C．has gone; has been away D．went; has been away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Jones先生在哪里？——他已经回美国了。他已经离开几个星期了。 考查现在完成时和动词延续性用法。根据“—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ... back to America. He ... for a couple of weeks.”可知，第一空表示“回美国”的动作已完成且人未返回，应用现在完成时态，用has gone；第二空所在句子中for a couple of weeks，表时间段，“离开”需表示持续状态，非延续性动词leave不能直接接时间段，需改用has been away。故选C。 13．（24-25八年级下·江西吉安·期末）—Hi, Tom! ________ you ever ________ the Bird’s Nest? —Yes, I have. It’s fantastic. A．Have; gone to B．Have; been to C．Do; been in D．Did; go to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嗨，汤姆！你去过鸟巢吗？——是的，我去过。太棒了。 考查现在完成时和短语辨析。根据“Yes, I have.”可知，问句的时态是现在完成时，排除选项C和D；have been to“曾经去过某地（现在已经回来了）”；have gone to表示“去了某地（还没有回来）”。问句询问Tom是否曾经去过鸟巢，用have been to。故选B。 14．（24-25八年级下·广东汕头·期末）I ________ this book for three weeks. I have to return it now. A．borrowed B．have kept C．have borrowed D．kept 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这本书我借了三周了。我现在得还回去了。 考查动词时态辨析。borrowed借，过去式；have kept已经保存，现在完成时；have borrowed已经借，现在完成时；kept保存，过去式。根据“I…this book for three weeks.”可知，这里需要一个能与时间段“for three weeks”连用的延续性动词，borrow是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，keep是延续性动词，且此处强调过去发生的动作持续到现在，用现在完成时，have kept符合语境。故选B。 15．（24-25八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末）—Where is your brother, Tom? —He ________ Beijing and he ________ Beijing for a week. A．has been to; has gone to B．has been to; has been in C．has gone to; has been to D．has gone to; has been in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你哥哥在哪里？ ——他去了北京，并且已经在北京待了一个星期了。 考查现在完成时。have been to曾经去过(某地)，现在已回来，强调去过的经历；have been in在某地待了多久时间，通常与“for+一段时间”连用；have gone to已经去了(某地)，强调还未返回。根据问句“Where is your brother”及答句前半句“He…Beijing”可知，第一空应在回复对方他的哥哥去北京了，应是还未回来，则第一空应用“has gone to”与之搭配；再结合答句后半句“and he…Beijing for a week”可知，第二空应指他的哥哥去北京待了一个星期，则第二空应用“has been in(+for+一段时间)”与之搭配。故选D。 真题感知 1．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师现在不在办公室。她去图书馆了。 考查动词时态。根据“Our English teacher isn’t in the office now”可知，“去图书馆”的动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了“不在办公室”的影响，需用现在完成时；“has gone to” 符合“去了未回”的语境。故选B。 2．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校以来，我交了一些好朋友。 考查时态。根据“since I came to this school”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done，主语是I，助动词用have。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：治疗中心位于高街，已经服务了10多年。 考查动词和动词短语。has started开始，start是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been in一直在……中，强调状态从过去持续到现在；has stopped停止，stop是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间连用；has been out of一直在……之外，强调状态从过去持续到现在。根据“for over 10 years”可知，此处不能使用短暂性动词start和stop，排除A、C；结合“The therapy centre is on High Street and it ... service for over 10 years.”可知，治疗中心一直提供服务超过10年，应该用has been in。故选B。 4．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 5．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out. A．has been popular B．is popular C．was popular D．will be popular 【答案】A 【详解】句意： 电影《哪吒2》自上映以来一直受到公众的欢迎。 考查现在完成时。根据“since it came out”可知，句子描述的是从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续持续下去，因此需要使用现在完成时态，has been popular表示“一直受欢迎”。故选A。 6．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—How long has she ________ the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it. A．buy B．had C．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——她借了这本科学书多久了？我想向她借这本书。——将近三周了。我想她可能已经读完了。 考查现在完成时。根据“How long has...”可知，本句是现在完成时，谓语动词和一段时间连用，必须用延续性动词，buy是短暂性动词，不符合，需要变为对应的延续性动词have，过去分词为had。故选B。 7．（2025·福建·中考真题）Since last year, our school ________ free breakfasts to students in need. A．offered B．has offered C．was offering 【答案】B 【详解】句意：从去年开始，我们学校就为贫困学生提供免费早餐了。 考查现在完成时。根据“Since last year”可知，此处应使用现在完成时。故选B。 8．（2025·云南·中考真题）The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I ________ it three times so far. A．have seen B．am going to see C．saw D．see 【答案】A 【详解】句意：电影《哪吒2》值得一看。到目前为止我已经看过三次了。 考查现在完成时。由“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时。故选A。 9．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your ruler? I ________ mine. —Of course! Here you are. A．have lost B．will lose C．am losing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我可以用你的尺子吗？我丢失了我的尺子。——当然！给你。 考查现在完成时。根据“Excuse me, may I use your ruler?”可知，此处是指已经丢失了尺子，从而导致去借对方的尺子，空处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。故选A。 10．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——中国正在采取行动帮助人们控制体重，过上更健康的生活。——是的。政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划。 考查时态。started一般过去时；has started现在完成时；will start一般将来时。根据“already”可知，政府已经开始了为期三年的“体重管理年”计划，本句应使用现在完成时。故选B。 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．The population in India __________ a lot in the last few years. A．is increasing B．increased C．has increased D．was increasing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：印度的人口在过去几年里增长了很多。 考查现在完成时。is increasing现在进行时；increased过去式；has increased现在完成时；was increasing过去进行时。句中“in the last few years”表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，需用现在完成时。故选C。 2．Half an hour ________ since the train left. A．has passed B．passed C．is passed D．passing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：火车离开已经半小时了。 考查动词时态。has passed现在完成时；passed过去式；is passed一般现在时的被动语态；passing现在分词/动名词。根据“since the train left”可知，这是现在完成时的标志，主语“Half an hour”视为单数，助动词用has，pass的过去分词是passed。故选A。 3．—Where is Mike’s family? I haven’t seen them these days. —Everyone in his family except grandparents ________ Wuxi for the holiday and they ________ there for a week. A．has gone to, has been in B．have gone to, has been to C．has gone to, has been D．has gone to, have been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——迈克的家人去哪儿了？我这些天没见到他们。——除了祖父母外，他家的每个人都去无锡度假了，并且他们已经在那儿待了一周了。 考查主谓一致及动词短语辨析。第一空：主语是Everyone in his family except grandparents，中心词是Everyone（不定代词），谓语用单数，且表示“已去无锡（未归）”，应用has gone to。第二空：主语是they（指代前句中除了祖父母外的家人），是复数，且表示“已经在那里待了一周”，需用have been（后接地点副词there，不需加介词），表示持续状态。故选D。 4．The Two Sessions (两会) ________ for more than four years, but people are still discussing some topics such as “Double Reduction” policy (双减政策). A．have started B．have ended C．have been over D．have been ended 【答案】C 【详解】句意：两会已经结束四年多了，但人们仍在讨论“双减”政策等话题。 考查时态和延续性动词。for more than four years表示一段时间，谓语动词需用延续性动词或表示延续状态的表达。start和end是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，排除A、B、D；be over表示“结束”，是延续性状态，可与时间段连用。故选C。 5．She ________ to learn English songs for half a year. Now she can sing many English songs well. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她学习英语歌曲已经半年了。现在她能把很多英语歌曲唱得很好。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“for half a year”（表示持续一段时间）和现在的结果“Now she can sing”，可知动作从过去开始并持续到现在，强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为has/have done。故选C。 6．The old man ________ for three years. A．has died B．died C．has been dead D．was dead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老人已经去世三年了。 考查时态。根据“for three years”可知，时态为现在完成时，且用延续性动词，C项符合。故选C。 7．—Have you ever ________ to Shanghai? —Yes. I ________ there last year. A．been; went B．gone; went C．been; have gone D．gone; have been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过上海吗？——是的。我去年去的那里。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时。have been to去过某地 (已返回)；have gone to去了某地 (未返回)；went 去 (go 的过去式，用于一般过去时)。根据问句“Have you ever...”以及答句“Yes”可知，此处表示“去过上海且已返回”，第一空用been；根据“last year”可知，第二空需用一般过去时went。故选A。 8．Astronauts ________ to the moon many times, and they have sent many photos back to the earth. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：宇航员去过月球很多次，并且他们已经发送了许多照片回地球。 考查现在完成时。have been to表示去过某地并已返回；have gone to表示去了某地尚未返回；went是过去式，表示过去发生的动作；will go表示将来动作。根据“many times”和“sent many photos back”可知，此处强调“去过多次并已返回”的经历，且需用现在完成时。故选B。 9．Hurry up! The match ________ for ten minutes. A．has begun B．began C．has began D．has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：快点！比赛已经开始十分钟了。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词。句中有时间状语“for ten minutes”，需要用现在完成时，且谓语动词必须是延续性动词；“begin”是短暂性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，其对应的延续性表达是“be on”；现在完成时的结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，“be”的过去分词是“been”，因此正确形式是“has been on”。故选D。 10．She ________ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter. A．married B．has been married C．got married 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她结婚十年了，现在她有一个可爱的女儿。 考查时态和延续性动词。marry是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。表示“结婚多长时间”应用be married（表示状态）。根据时间状语“for ten years”可知，应用现在完成时，表示状态持续，结构为“have/has been married”。主语She是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选B。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 11．I (not see) my friend for a long time. 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】句意：我已经很久没见到我的朋友了。根据“for a long time”可知，这里需要用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语是I，否定形式为haven’t seen，符合语境。故填haven’t seen。 12．Scientists (send) many space probes to explore the solar system so far. 【答案】have sent 【详解】句意：到目前为止，科学家们已经发射了许多太空探测器来探索太阳系。“send”意为“发射、发送”，句中“so far”是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语“Scientists”是复数，所以用“have”，“send”的过去分词是“sent”，故填have sent。 13．We (know) each other since we met at school when we were children. 【答案】have known 【详解】句意：我们自从小时候在学校见面就彼此认识了。根据“since we met at school when we were children”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“We”是第一人称复数，助动词用have，know的过去分词为known。故填have known。 14．She ________ (not read) this book before. 【答案】hasn’t read 【详解】句意：以前她没有读过这本书。根据before可知用现在完成时态have done，主语是第三人称单数，用has；否定形式是hasn’t，read的过去分词为read。故填hasn’t read。 15．Have you ever _________ (write) a novel? 【答案】written 【详解】句意：你曾经写过小说吗？根据助动词Have及eve可知，句子为现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”；动词write的过去分词为written，故填written。 16．—Can I use the e-dictionary now, Mum? —Go ahead. Your dad (fix) it. 【答案】has fixed 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我现在能用电子词典吗？——用吧。你爸爸已经修好了它。fix“修理”，动词；结合语境“允许使用电子词典”，可推断“修理”动作已完成，且结果 (电子词典能使用) 对现在产生影响，故用现在完成时 (have/has + 过去分词)，主语“Your dad”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”，“fix”的过去分词是“fixed”。故填has fixed。 17．The baby (wake) up and is crying for milk. 【答案】has woken 【详解】句意：婴儿已经醒了并且正在哭着要牛奶。wake“醒来”，是动词，根据“is crying for milk”可知，醒来的动作已经发生，并对现在造成影响，所以句子时态应为现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，而主语the baby为第三人称单数，助动词应用has，wake的过去分词为woken。故填has woken。 18．She (be) away for her studies in a foreign country for half a year. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：她已经出国留学半年了。根据“for half a year”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是She，助动词用has，be的过去分词是been。故填has been。 19．So far, our teacher (teach) us a lot about the history of China. 【答案】has taught 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们的老师已经教了我们很多关于中国历史的知识了。根据“So far”可知，时态为现在完成时。主语“our teacher”是单数，助动词用has，teach的过去分词是taught。故填has taught。 20．I (join) the League for 5 years so far. 【答案】have been in 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我加入那个联合会已经五年了。此处与一段时间“for 5 years”连用，非延续动词“join”需变为延续性动词“be in”，根据“so far”可知此句应用现在完成时“主语+have/has+done”，主语是“I”，助动词应用“have”，“be”变为过去分词“been”。故填have been in。 三、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 A young girl from our town is getting attention for an invention to help stop bike accidents. Sixteen-year-old Emily Thompson, a high school student, made a special helmet to help bike riders stay 21 . The helmet, called SafeRide, has a sensor. 22 sensor can “see” things like cars and people. The helmet uses lights and sounds 23 the riders if there is a dangerous thing. It also has a GPS system to help 24 find safer ways. Emily got the idea for SafeRide 25 she saw a friend get hurt while riding a bike. She worked on her idea 26 months. She got help from her teachers and some people who knew how to build things 27 . Many people are interested in Emily’s invention. So far she 28 her helmet several times at different science fairs. Emily’s hard work and great ideas inspire (激励) many young people like 29 . More and more young people now start to try making their own inventions. With a good idea and hard work, everyone 30 make a difference to the world! Maybe you’ll be the next Thomas Edison. 21．A．safe B．safety C．safely 22．A．A B．An C．The 23．A．warn B．to warn C．warning 24．A．rider B．riders C．riders’ 25．A．before B．after C．since 26．A．for B．on C．in 27．A．skill B．skillful C．skillfully 28．A．show B．will show C．has shown 29．A．she B．her C．hers 30．A．should B．must C．can 【答案】 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．B 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．C 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了十六岁的高中生Emily Thompson为了防止自行车事故，发明了一种名为SafeRide的特殊头盔，并以此激励更多年轻人创新的故事。 21．句意：16岁的Emily Thompson是一名高中生，她制作了一款特殊头盔，帮助骑行者保持安全。 safe安全的；safety安全；safely安全地。根据“help bike riders stay...”可知，stay在此处是系动词，意为保持，后接形容词作表语，表示状态。故选A。 22．句意：这个传感器能“识别”汽车、行人之类的物体。 A一个，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；An一个，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；The这个，表特指。根据“has a sensor”可知，传感器在前文中第一次被提及时用了不定冠词a，此处是第二次提及同一个传感器，应用定冠词The表特指。故选C。 23．句意：如果有危险物，头盔会用灯光和声音提醒骑行者。 warn警告，原形；to warn警告，不定式；warning警告，动名词。根据“The helmet uses lights and sounds...”可知，使用灯光和声音的目的是为了警告。use sth. to do sth是固定搭配，意为“使用某物做某事”，此处用动词不定式表目的。故选B。 24．句意：它还配有GPS系统，帮助骑行者找到更安全的路线。 rider骑手，单数；riders骑手，复数；riders’骑手的，所有格。根据“made a special helmet to help bike riders stay...”以及“...the riders”可知，文中使用复数形式“riders”来指代受助的骑行者群体。help sb. do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处需填名词作宾语。故选B。 25．句意：Emily是在看到一个朋友骑车受伤后，产生了设计SafeRide的想法。 before在……之前；after在……之后；since自从。根据“she saw a friend get hurt”可知，此处表示产生设计SafeRide的想法是在看到朋友事故之后。故选B。 26．句意：她花了数月时间研究这个想法。 for为了；on在……上；in在……里。根据“months”可知，此处表示一段时间。for+一段时间，常用于表示动作持续的时长。故选A。 27．句意：她得到了老师，以及一些精通制作物品的人的帮助。 skill技能；skillful熟练的；skillfully熟练地。根据“how to build things...”可知，此处修饰动词短语build things，表示制造的方式或程度，应用副词。故选C。 28．句意：到目前为止，她已经在不同的科学展会上展示过这款头盔好几次了。 show展示，动词原形；will show将展示，一般将来时；has shown已经展示，现在完成时。根据“So far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为have/has+done。主语she是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选C。 29．句意：Emily的努力和绝妙想法激励了很多像她一样的年轻人。 she她，主格；her她，宾格；hers她的，名词性物主代词。根据“like”可知，此处like是介词，意为“像”，介词后接代词的宾格形式。故选B。 30．句意：只要有好想法并付出努力，每个人都能对世界产生影响！ should应该；must必须；can能。根据“With a good idea and hard work”可知，这是一种条件，表明每个人都有能力或可能去改变世界。can表示能力或可能性。故选C。 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Laura, Thanks for your message. Yes, I’m having a great time on my exchange programme in France. I was a bit nervous before I arrived here, but there was no reason to be. My host family is really nice. They try their best 31 (make) me feel at home. The grandmother has a teenage granddaughter at about 32 (I) age who is really kind. She always talks to me in French to help me practise. And you wouldn’t believe how quickly my French has 33 (improve)! I’m very comfortable speaking French now. Though I still make lots of 34 (mistake), it doesn’t worry me as it used to. My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. 35 you can imagine, things are really different from the way they are at home. For example, you shouldn’t put your bread on your plate. You 36 (suppose) to put it on the table! I thought that was pretty strange 37 first, but now I’m used to it. You shouldn’t eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. You have to cut it up and eat it with a fork. Another thing is that it is very 38 (polite) to say you’re full. If you don’t want any more food, you should just say, “It was delicious.” Also, you shouldn’t put your elbows on the table. I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m 39 (gradual) getting used to it. I don’t find French customs so strange any more. I’ll write again soon and tell you more about my life in France. Hope you are having 40 good school year. Yours, Lin Yue 【答案】 31．to make 32．my 33．improved 34．mistakes 35．As 36．are supposed 37．at 38．impolite 39．gradually 40．a 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者林月向朋友劳拉讲述了自己在法国交换生项目中的经历和感受，重点描述了在寄宿家庭的生活以及法国餐桌礼仪的文化差异。 31．句意：他们尽他们最大的努力让我感觉像在家一样。根据“try their best”可知，此处考查固定搭配try one’s best to do sth.，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，所以此处应填动词不定式to make。故填to make。 32．句意：祖母有一个和我年龄相仿的十几岁的孙女，她非常善良。根据“age”可知，此处指“我的年龄”，应用形容词性物主代词my“我的”，修饰名词“age”。故填my。 33．句意：你不会相信我的法语进步得有多快！根据“has”可知，此处是现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，improve的过去分词是improved。故填improved。 34．句意：虽然我仍然会犯很多错误，但这并不像以前那样让我担心。根据“lots of”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，mistake的复数形式是mistakes。故填mistakes。 35．句意：正如你所想象的，事情和在家里的方式真的很不一样。根据“you can imagine”可知，此处指“正如你所想象的”，as you can imagine“正如你想象的”，故填As。 36．句意：你应该把它放在桌子上！根据“You...to put it on the table!”可知，此处考查固定搭配be supposed to do sth.，意为“应该做某事”，句子是一般现在时，主语是You，be动词用are。故填are supposed。 37．句意：起初我觉得那很奇怪，但现在我已经习惯了。根据“first”可知，此处考查固定搭配at first，意为“起初”。故填at。 38．句意：另一件事是说自己吃饱了是非常不礼貌的。根据“If you don’t want any more food, you should just say, ‘It was delicious.’”可知，此处指说吃饱了是不礼貌的，应用polite的反义词impolite“不礼貌的”作表语。故填impolite。 39．句意：我不得不说，我发现要记住一切很困难，但我正在逐渐习惯它。根据“getting used to it”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词短语get used to，gradual的副词形式是gradually。故填gradually。 40．句意：希望你有一个好的学年。根据“good school year”可知，此处指一个好的学年，good是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a表示泛指。故填a。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 现在完成时 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心考点 & 中考/高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：真题感知 & 综合提升专练，全面突破 知识精讲 一、现在完成时的用法： 时态 含义 结构 时间状语 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或者表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 has/have+动词的过去分词形式 since，for，so far，already，yet，just, recently，ever，twice，in the last /past few years 二、现在完成时的句型结构： 三、常用的现在完成时的句型结构 （1）It has been / It’s+时间段+since+过去时从句 / 过去的时间 如：It has been / It‘s three years since we met each other last time. 自从我们上次见面以来已经有三年了。 （2）时间段+has passed+since+过去时从句 如：Many years has passed since we knew each other. 我们已经认识多年了。 ( 考点二 考点一 与时间段连用时短暂性动词变延续 性动词 现在完成时的用法和结构 ) 注意：1. 与表示一段时间的标志词连用，短暂性动词要变为持续性动词（见下表）。表示一段时间的标志词有：for，since，how long。 ( 考点 三 现在完成时用法辨析 ) 现在完成时用法辨析 （1）already用于肯定句；yet用于否定句或疑问句。 如：He has already told me the secret. 他已经告诉我这个秘密了。 I haven’t fed my pet dog yet. 我还没喂我的宠物狗。 （2）for+一段时间，表示“持续……” since+ 过去的时间点 / 过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来” 。 如：I have studied in this school for 3 years. 我已经在这所学校学习了三年。 I have studied in this school since 3 years ago. 我从三年前开始就在这所学校学习了。 I have studied in this school since I was 12 years old. 自从我12岁以来就在这学校学习了。 （3）have been to/have gone to/have been（in/at）区别 have been to表示“曾经去过（人已回来）” have gone to意为“已经去了（人不在这里）” have been （in/ at …） 表示“待在……一段时间”。 如：Have you ever been to HK? 你曾经去过香港吗？ Linda isn’t at home. She has gone to the library. 琳达不在家，她已经去了图书馆。 The Greens have been in China for 10 years. 格林一家人已经待在中国10年了。 （4）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时侧重对现在的影响；一般过去时只是对过去的描述，不强调影响，是过去的时间点发生的事情。When提问时间点，不能跟现在完成时连用。 如：I have had breakfast. 我已经吃了早餐了。（已经饱了，不用再吃了） I had breakfast. 我吃过早餐了。（普通描述过去的事情，没有饱不饱的含义） Derek has watched the movie. When did he watch it? 德里克已经看过这电影了。他什么时候看的？ 好题精练 1．（24-25八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末）With the development of science and technology, more and more robots ________ in our daily lives recently. A．appear B．appeared C．have appeared D．will appear 2．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—Do you want to go to the movie with me tonight? —Sorry, I can’t. I ______ my homework yet. A．wasn’t finishing B．don’t finish C．didn’t finish D．haven’t finished 3．（24-25八年级下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）—Could you recommend a great novel to me? —The Old Man and the Sea. Even though I ________ the book three times, I am not tired of it yet. A．read B．will read C．have read 4．（24-25八年级上·山东威海·期末）—________ you ________ your medicine? —No, I ________ it right away. A．Have; taken; will take B．Have; had; will have C．Did; take; took 5．（24-25八年级下·海南省直辖县级单位·期末）Lucy ________ to the art museum many times and she can learn something new every time. A．went B．has been C．has gone 6．（24-25八年级下·安徽阜阳·期末）—The movie Ne Zha is on these days. It’s fantastic. —Really? I ________ it yet. A．didn’t see B．won’t see C．haven’t seen D．is not seeing 7．（24-25八年级下·吉林·期末）—Have you _______ visited the old house by the river? —No, _______. A．ever; ever B．ever; never C．never; ever 8．（24-25八年级上·山东威海·期末）—When ________ Peter ________ his hometown? —At the age of twelve. He ________ his hometown for nearly twenty years. A．has; left; has left B．did; leave; has been away from C．has; been away from; has left 9．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）She _________ in this neighborhood since she was born, so she _________ every street here. A．lives; knows B．has lived; knows C．lived; knew D．will live; will know 10．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）— How long _________ you _________ in this school? — Since I was in Grade 7. I _________ here for two years. A．are; studying; am B．have; studied; have been C．did; study; was D．will; study; will be 11．（24-25八年级下·吉林四平·期末）Bob is a careful man. He ________ the dictionary for two years, but it is still new. A．has bought B．has had C．bought 12．（24-25八年级上·山东东营·期末）—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ________ back to America. He ________ for a couple of weeks. A．went; has left B．has gone; has left C．has gone; has been away D．went; has been away 13．（24-25八年级下·江西吉安·期末）—Hi, Tom! ________ you ever ________ the Bird’s Nest? —Yes, I have. It’s fantastic. A．Have; gone to B．Have; been to C．Do; been in D．Did; go to 14．（24-25八年级下·广东汕头·期末）I ________ this book for three weeks. I have to return it now. A．borrowed B．have kept C．have borrowed D．kept 15．（24-25八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末）—Where is your brother, Tom? —He ________ Beijing and he ________ Beijing for a week. A．has been to; has gone to B．has been to; has been in C．has gone to; has been to D．has gone to; has been in 真题感知 1．（2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A．goes to B．has gone to C．will go to D．was going to 2．（2025·西藏·中考真题）I ________ some good friends since I came to this school. A．has made B．have made C．make D．made 3．（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）The therapy centre is on High Street and it ________ service for over 10 years. A．has started B．has been in C．has stopped D．has been out of 4．（2025·北京·中考真题）Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 5．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）The movie Ne Zha 2 ________ with the public since it came out. A．has been popular B．is popular C．was popular D．will be popular 6．（2025·黑龙江·中考真题）—How long has she ________ the science book? I want to borrow it from her. —For nearly three weeks. I think she might have finished reading it. A．buy B．had C．bought 7．（2025·福建·中考真题）Since last year, our school ________ free breakfasts to students in need. A．offered B．has offered C．was offering 8．（2025·云南·中考真题）The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I ________ it three times so far. A．have seen B．am going to see C．saw D．see 9．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your ruler? I ________ mine. —Of course! Here you are. A．have lost B．will lose C．am losing 10．（2025·四川凉山·中考真题）—China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. —Yes. The government ________ a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. A．started B．has started C．will start 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．The population in India __________ a lot in the last few years. A．is increasing B．increased C．has increased D．was increasing 2．Half an hour ________ since the train left. A．has passed B．passed C．is passed D．passing 3．—Where is Mike’s family? I haven’t seen them these days. —Everyone in his family except grandparents ________ Wuxi for the holiday and they ________ there for a week. A．has gone to, has been in B．have gone to, has been to C．has gone to, has been D．has gone to, have been 4．The Two Sessions (两会) ________ for more than four years, but people are still discussing some topics such as “Double Reduction” policy (双减政策). A．have started B．have ended C．have been over D．have been ended 5．She ________ to learn English songs for half a year. Now she can sing many English songs well. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn 6．The old man ________ for three years. A．has died B．died C．has been dead D．was dead 7．—Have you ever ________ to Shanghai? —Yes. I ________ there last year. A．been; went B．gone; went C．been; have gone D．gone; have been 8．Astronauts ________ to the moon many times, and they have sent many photos back to the earth. A．have gone B．have been C．went D．will go 9．Hurry up! The match ________ for ten minutes. A．has begun B．began C．has began D．has been on 10．She ________ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter. A．married B．has been married C．got married 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 11．I (not see) my friend for a long time. 12．Scientists (send) many space probes to explore the solar system so far. 13．We (know) each other since we met at school when we were children. 14．She ________ (not read) this book before. 15．Have you ever _________ (write) a novel? 16．—Can I use the e-dictionary now, Mum? —Go ahead. Your dad (fix) it. 17．The baby (wake) up and is crying for milk. 18．She (be) away for her studies in a foreign country for half a year. 19．So far, our teacher (teach) us a lot about the history of China. 20．I (join) the League for 5 years so far. 三、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 A young girl from our town is getting attention for an invention to help stop bike accidents. Sixteen-year-old Emily Thompson, a high school student, made a special helmet to help bike riders stay 21 . The helmet, called SafeRide, has a sensor. 22 sensor can “see” things like cars and people. The helmet uses lights and sounds 23 the riders if there is a dangerous thing. It also has a GPS system to help 24 find safer ways. Emily got the idea for SafeRide 25 she saw a friend get hurt while riding a bike. She worked on her idea 26 months. She got help from her teachers and some people who knew how to build things 27 . Many people are interested in Emily’s invention. So far she 28 her helmet several times at different science fairs. Emily’s hard work and great ideas inspire (激励) many young people like 29 . More and more young people now start to try making their own inventions. With a good idea and hard work, everyone 30 make a difference to the world! Maybe you’ll be the next Thomas Edison. 21．A．safe B．safety C．safely 22．A．A B．An C．The 23．A．warn B．to warn C．warning 24．A．rider B．riders C．riders’ 25．A．before B．after C．since 26．A．for B．on C．in 27．A．skill B．skillful C．skillfully 28．A．show B．will show C．has shown 29．A．she B．her C．hers 30．A．should B．must C．can 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Laura, Thanks for your message. Yes, I’m having a great time on my exchange programme in France. I was a bit nervous before I arrived here, but there was no reason to be. My host family is really nice. They try their best 31 (make) me feel at home. The grandmother has a teenage granddaughter at about 32 (I) age who is really kind. She always talks to me in French to help me practise. And you wouldn’t believe how quickly my French has 33 (improve)! I’m very comfortable speaking French now. Though I still make lots of 34 (mistake), it doesn’t worry me as it used to. My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. 35 you can imagine, things are really different from the way they are at home. For example, you shouldn’t put your bread on your plate. You 36 (suppose) to put it on the table! I thought that was pretty strange 37 first, but now I’m used to it. You shouldn’t eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit. You have to cut it up and eat it with a fork. Another thing is that it is very 38 (polite) to say you’re full. If you don’t want any more food, you should just say, “It was delicious.” Also, you shouldn’t put your elbows on the table. I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m 39 (gradual) getting used to it. I don’t find French customs so strange any more. I’ll write again soon and tell you more about my life in France. Hope you are having 40 good school year. Yours, Lin Yue 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $