寒假作业04 名词性从句（巩固培优）高二英语人教版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业04 名词性从句（巩固培优） 一、核心定义 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，其功能相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 二、名词性从句的种类 从句类型 定义 例句 主语从句 在复合句中作主句的主语，可置于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语后置 ①That she won the competition surprised everyone.（她赢得比赛让所有人都很惊讶） ②It is important that we should master basic grammar.（我们掌握基础语法很重要） 宾语从句 在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后作宾语 ①I don't know whether he will attend the meeting.（我不知道他是否会参加会议） ②She is worried about what she should do next.（她担心接下来该做什么） 表语从句 在系动词（be, seem, appear 等）后作表语 ①The question is how we can solve the problem efficiently.（问题是我们如何能高效解决这个问题）②It seems that he has made a great decision.（他似乎做了一个重大的决定） 同位语从句 对前面的抽象名词（fact, news, idea 等）作解释说明 ①The news that our team achieved victory spread quickly.（我们队获胜的消息迅速传开） ②He put forward the suggestion that we should have a picnic this weekend.（他提出了我们这周末去野餐的建议） 三、名词性从句的引导词 引导词类型 常见词汇 用法说明 例句 连接词 that, whether, if that 无意义，不充当成分，宾语从句中可省略，主/表/同位语从句中不可省略；whether/if 表 “是否”，宾语从句中可互换，主/表/同位语从句中只能用 whether，且 whether可与or not 连用 ①He said (that) he would come on time.（宾语从句，that 可省略）②Whether she will go abroad or not is still unknown.（主语从句，只能用 whether） 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whose 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；what 表 “…… 的事物”，who/whom 指人，which 表 “哪一个”，whose 表 “谁的” ①What he said at the meeting is very meaningful.（主语从句，what 作宾语）②I want to know whose book this is.（宾语从句，whose 作定语） 连接副词 when, where, why, how 在从句中作时间、地点、原因或方式状语 ①When we will start the project hasn't been decided.（主语从句，when 作时间状语） ②She explained why she was late for the party.（宾语从句，why 作原因状语） 【方法归纳】 1. 语序规则：名词性从句一律用陈述句语序（连接词 + 主语 + 谓语），不可用疑问句语序。 ▶ 正确：I don't know where he lives. ▶ 错误：I don't know where does he live. 2. 时态呼应：主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态；主句为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关时态（客观真理、事实除外）。 ▶ He told us that the earth moves around the sun.（客观真理，从句用一般现在时） 3. it 作形式主语 / 宾语： 形式主语：It + be + 形容词 / 名词 / 过去分词 + that 从句（如 It is a pity that...） 形式宾语：主语 + 谓语 + it + 形容词 / 名词 + that 从句（如 I find it necessary that...） 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句解释名词的内容，that 不充当成分；定语从句修饰名词，that 在从句中作主语、宾语等成分。 ▶ 同位语从句：The fact that the plan was canceled made us upset.（that 不充当成分，解释 fact 的内容） ▶ 定语从句：The fact that he told us made us upset.（that 作宾语，修饰 fact） 【易错提醒】 ①if 不可用于主/表/同位语从句，也不可与 or not 直接连用； ②what 在从句中必须充当成分，无指代范围；which 有明确指代范围（在特定范围内选择）。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、巩固提升练（基础小题） （一）单项选择（每题 1 分，共 15 分） 1.（2023・天津高考）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A. that B. what C. why D. how 【答案】B 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：重视隐私的人担心谷歌可能会对其收集的信息做些什么。从句中缺少宾语，指 “谷歌所做的事情”，用连接代词 what 引导，故选B。 2. （2023・天津高考）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A. where B. whether C. whose D. which 【答案】B 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：最近，科学家们就计算机是否会在半个世纪后像人类一样 “思考” 展开辩论。从句表 “是否”，且作介词 on 的宾语，用 whether 引导，故选 B。 3. （2022・天津高考）Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A. How B. what C. why D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事情。从句中不缺主语和宾语，需表示 “方式”，用连接副词 how 引导，故选 A。 4. It is obvious ________ the environment is becoming more and more important to human beings. A. that B. what C. whether D. how 【答案】A 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：显然，环境对人类来说变得越来越重要。It 为形式主语，真正的主语从句不缺成分，用 that 引导，故选 A。 5. The reason why she failed the exam is ________ she didn't spend enough time reviewing. A. Because B. that C. what D. whether 【答案】B 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：她考试不及格的原因是她没有花足够的时间复习。The reason 后接表语从句时，用 that 引导，不用 because，故选 B。 6. I wonder ________ he will arrive on time. If not, we need to adjust the plan. A. that B. if C. when D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道他是否会准时到达。如果不能，我们需要调整计划。从句表 “是否”，且作 wonder 的宾语，用 if 引导，故选 B。 7. ________ surprised us most is that he actually won the first prize in the competition. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 【答案】A 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：最让我们惊讶的是他竟然赢得了比赛的一等奖。从句中缺少主语，指 “让人惊讶的事情”，用 what 引导，故选 A。 8. She has no idea ________ her son is getting along with his studies at school. A. when B. how C. that D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：她不知道她儿子在学校的学习进展如何。从句中缺少方式状语，用 how 引导，故选 B。 9. The news ________ our team has qualified for the final match cheered everyone up. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 【答案】B 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：我们队晋级决赛的消息让所有人都振奋起来。从句解释 news 的内容，且不缺成分，用 that 引导，故选 B。 10. It is still unknown ________ will be in charge of the new department. A. that B. who C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：谁将负责这个新部门仍然未知。从句中缺少主语，指人，用 who 引导，故选 B。 11. （2021・全国高考）We can't figure out ________ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们无法弄清楚为什么相当多的昆虫、鸟类和动物正在灭绝。从句表 “原因”，用 why 引导，故选 C。 12. His suggestion ________ we should hold a meeting to discuss the problem is reasonable. A. that B. which C. what D. how 【答案】A 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：他提出的我们应该开会讨论这个问题的建议是合理的。从句解释 suggestion 的内容，不缺成分，用 that 引导，故选 A。 13. I think ________ necessary that we should learn from each other in daily life. A. it B. that C. this D. what 【答案】A 【解析】考查形式宾语。句意：我认为我们在日常生活中应该互相学习是必要的。find/think it + 形容词 + that 从句，it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that 从句，故选 A。 14. The question is ________ we can get enough financial support for the project. A. that B. whether C. if D. how much 【答案】B 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们能否为这个项目获得足够的资金支持。从句表 “是否”，且作表语从句，用 whether 引导，故选 B。 15. ________ he managed to finish the task in such a short time is beyond my imagination. A. How B. That C. What D. Why 【答案】A 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他如何能在这么短的时间内完成任务超出了我的想象。从句中缺少方式状语，用 how 引导，故选 A。 （二）用适当的连接词填空（每题 1 分，共 15 分） 1.________ Angela and her family spent together in China in 2008 is unforgettable. 【答案】What 【解析】考查主语从句，句意：安吉拉和她的家人在中国共度的确切年份是难以忘怀的。主语从句，what 在从句中作宾语。 2. It is a mystery ________ he suddenly disappeared without any notice. 【答案】why 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他突然毫无征兆地消失了，这是一个谜。从句表 “原因”，用 why 引导。 3. I have no doubt ________ he will keep his promise to help us. 【答案】that 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我毫不怀疑他会遵守帮助我们的承诺。doubt 后接肯定句时用 whether/if，接否定句时用 that，故选 that。 4. The problem ________ we should choose as our leader is still under discussion. 【答案】who/whom 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们应该选谁作为我们的领导人这个问题仍在讨论中。从句中缺少宾语，指人，用 who/whom 引导。 5. She asked me ________ I had seen her lost dog anywhere. 【答案】if/whether 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：她问我是否在任何地方见过她丢失的狗。从句表 “是否”，用 if/whether 引导。 6.（2024・全国・高考真题改编）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。先行词为 “Tang Xianzu”（指人），在从句中担当主语，非限制性定语从句需用 who 引导，故填 who。 7.（2023・全国・高考真题改编）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 【答案】as 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。从句意为 “正如雷切尔・卡森在《明日寓言》中所说”，“正如” 需用关系代词 as 引导非限制性定语从句，故填 as。 8.（2023・全国・高考真题改编）“There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins. 【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。先行词为 “town”（表地点），在从句中作地点状语，非限制性定语从句用 where 引导，故填 where。 9.（2024・全国・高考真题改编）He has written three novels, ______ are very popular among teenagers. 【答案】all of which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构。先行词为 “three novels”（指物），“all of + 关系代词” 结构中，非限制性定语从句需用 which，故填 all of which。 10.Beethoven, ______ composed many famous works, is a great musician. 【答案】who 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。先行词为 “Beethoven”（指人），在从句中作主语，非限制性定语从句用 who 引导，故填 who。 11.The small town, ______ I was born, has become a tourist attraction. 【答案】where 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。先行词为 “the small town”（表地点），从句中缺少地点状语，非限制性定语从句用 where 引导，故填 where。 12.The dictionary, ______ my mother bought for me, is very useful. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。先行词为 “the dictionary”（指物），在从句中作 bought 的宾13.He failed the exam, ______ was not surprising. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。从句指代主句 “他考试失败” 这件事，非限制性定语从句需用 which 引导，故填 which。 14.Mary, ______ brother is a doctor, wants to study medicine. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。先行词为 “Mary”，从句中 “brother” 与 “Mary” 为所属关系，非限制性定语从句用 whose 引导，故填 whose。 15.（2024・浙江・高考真题改编）Shops price goods in the way ______ will make them the most money, ______ surprises many solo customers. 【答案】that/which；which 【解析】第一空考查限制性定语从句的关系代词，先行词为 “way”，从句中缺少主语，用 that 或 which 引导；第二空考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词，从句指代前文 “商家以最赚钱的方式定价” 这件事，用 which 引导，故依次填 that/which、which。 二、根据下列单词选词，并用适当的形式填空。（每空1分，共10分） advocate, adapt to, contribute to, commit to, sacrifice, withdraw from, distinguish...from..., in spite of, take on, address 1. As a responsible citizen, we should ________ environmental protection and try our best to reduce carbon emissions. 2. It takes time for freshmen to ________ the independent life in college, especially those who have never left home before. 3. Every team member’s efforts ________ the success of the project, so we should appreciate each other’s hard work. 4. The scientist ________ his whole life to medical research and finally found a new treatment for the rare disease. 5. Many frontline workers ________ their personal interests to fight against the pandemic, which moved the whole nation. 6. The athlete had to ________ the competition due to a sudden injury, which made his fans feel sorry for him. 7. It is important to ________ facts ________ opinions when we are doing academic research or writing reports. 8. ________ the heavy rain and traffic jam, she still managed to arrive at the meeting on time. 9. After graduation, she decided to ________ a challenging job in a remote area to gain more practical experience. 10. The government has taken a series of measures to ________ the problem of youth unemployment. 1. 【答案】advocate 【解析】考查动词词义。句意：作为负责任的公民，我们应该倡导环境保护，并尽力减少碳排放。结合 2019 新人教版选择性必修 1 Unit 1 词汇 “advocate（倡导；支持）”，此处需填动词原形，符合 “倡导环保” 的语境，故填 advocate。 2. 【答案】adapt to 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：新生需要时间适应大学的独立生活，尤其是那些从未离开过家的人。“adapt to” 为单元核心短语，意为 “适应”，符合 “新生适应新环境” 的逻辑；结合 “it takes time to do sth.” 结构，填动词原形短语 adapt to。 3. 【答案】contribute to 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：每个团队成员的努力都促成了项目的成功，所以我们应该感谢彼此的辛勤工作。“contribute to” 是单元重点短语，意为 “促成；有助于”，主语为复数 efforts，时态为一般现在时，填动词原形短语 contribute to。 4. 【答案】committed to 【解析】考查动词短语及时态。句意：这位科学家毕生致力于医学研究，最终找到了治疗这种罕见疾病的新方法。“commit to” 为单元核心短语，意为 “致力于；投入”，结合 “found” 可知时态为一般过去时，commit 的过去式为 committed，故填 committed to。 5. 【答案】sacrificed 【解析】考查动词词义及时态。句意：许多一线工作者牺牲个人利益抗击疫情，这让全国人民深受感动。单元词汇 “sacrifice（牺牲）” 符合语境，结合后文 “moved” 可知时态为一般过去时，sacrifice 的过去式为 sacrificed，故填 sacrificed。 6. 【答案】withdraw from 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：这位运动员因突发伤病不得不退出比赛，这让他的粉丝感到惋惜。“withdraw from” 为单元重点短语，意为 “退出；脱离”，结合 “had to do sth.” 结构，填动词原形短语 withdraw from。 7. 【答案】distinguish; from 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：在进行学术研究或撰写报告时，区分事实与观点至关重要。“distinguish...from...” 是单元核心短语，意为 “区分…… 与……”，结合 “it is important to do sth.” 结构，填动词原形 distinguish 和介词 from。 8. 【答案】In spite of 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：尽管遭遇大雨和交通堵塞，她仍然设法准时到达了会议现场。“in spite of” 为单元重点短语，意为 “尽管；不管”，后接名词短语（the heavy rain and traffic jam），位于句首首字母大写，故填 In spite of。 9. 【答案】take on 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：毕业后，她决定在偏远地区从事一份具有挑战性的工作，以获得更多实践经验。“take on” 为单元核心短语，意为 “承担；从事”，结合 “decide to do sth.” 结构，填动词原形短语 take on。 10. 【答案】address 【解析】考查动词词义。句意：政府已采取一系列措施解决青年失业问题。单元词汇 “address（处理；解决）” 符合 “处理问题” 的语境，结合 “take measures to do sth.” 结构，填动词原形 address。 1、 语法填空（每空 1 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 There is no doubt that artificial intelligence (AI) has changed many aspects of our lives. However, there is a heated debate on 1.________ AI will replace human beings in most jobs in the future. Some experts hold the view that AI has obvious advantages in efficiency and accuracy, so it will take over repetitive and labor-intensive jobs such as data entry and assembly line work. They also argue that AI can be continuously upgraded to handle more complex tasks, which will lead to widespread unemployment. 【答案】whether 【解析】从句表“是否”，作介词 on 的宾语，用 whether 引导。 Passage 2 On the other hand, many people believe that human beings have unique abilities that AI cannot replicate, such as creativity, emotional intelligence, and critical thinking. For example, doctors need to communicate with patients and make flexible decisions based on individual conditions, 2._______ is beyond AI’s current capabilities. Moreover, it is likely that new jobs will be created as AI develops, such as AI trainers and data analysts. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句，指代前文 “医生需要与患者沟通并根据个体情况做出灵活决定” 这件事，用 which 引导。 Passage 3 The key question is not whether AI will replace humans, but 2.________ we can adapt to the changes brought by AI. As the saying goes, “Change is the only constant.”It is important for us to learn new skills and keep pace with technological progress. Only in this way can we survive and thrive in the age of AI. 【答案】how 【解析】考查表语从句。‘not...but...’连接两个并列的表语从句，从句表‘方式’，意为‘我们如何适应人工智能带来的变化’，用连接副词 how 引导，符合表语从句中连接副词作方式状语的用法。 一、名词性从句高考翻译题。 1. 我很乐意分享我对人工智能（AI）在校园中应用的看法。 2. 人工智能进入校园最核心的价值在于，它能帮助教师节省常规工作的时间，并为学生提供个性化的学习方案。 3. 然而，我担心学生是否会过度依赖人工智能完成作业——这可能会削弱他们的独立思考能力。 4. 另一个担忧是，部分质量欠佳的人工智能工具可能会提供错误信息。 5. 我的建议是，学校应制定严格的人工智能使用标准，并教会学生如何辨别可靠的信息来源。 1. 【答案】I’m glad to share my views on AI’s application in campuses. 【解析】考查宾语从句的隐含用法。句中 “对…… 的看法” 用 “views on sth.” 表达，“人工智能在校园中应用” 译为 “AI’s application in campuses”（名词所有格 + 名词 + 介词短语，符合英文表达习惯）。本句虽未直接出现显性宾语从句引导词，但 “share my views on...” 后接的宾语是抽象的 “看法对象”，本质隐含对 “AI 应用” 这一话题的指代，语法上符合 “及物动词 + 宾语（名词短语形式）” 的延伸用法，也可理解为省略了 that 引导的宾语从句（完整形式可补充为 “I’m glad to share my views on that AI is applied in campuses”）。 2. 【答案】What matters most about AI entering schools is that it can help teachers save time on routine work and offer personalized learning plans for students. 【解析】考查主语从句 + 表语从句的复合结构。①主语从句 “What matters most about AI entering schools” 中，what 充当从句主语，表 “…… 的事情”，“AI entering schools” 是动名词短语作介词 about 的宾语，整体作句子主语；②表语从句由 that 引导，that 无实际含义，不充当从句成分，仅起连接作用，解释主语 “核心价值” 的具体内容；③从句中 “帮助教师节省时间” 用 “help teachers save time”（help 后接动词原形作宾语补足语），“提供个性化学习方案” 译为 “offer personalized learning plans”，符合高考书面表达常用搭配。 3. 【答案】However, I’m worried about whether students will rely too much on AI to finish homework, which may weaken their independent thinking ability. 【解析】考查宾语从句 + 非限制性定语从句。①宾语从句 “whether students will rely too much on AI to finish homework” 作介词 about 的宾语，whether 表 “是否”，因位于介词后，不能用 if 替换，符合 “介词后接表‘是否’的宾语从句用 whether” 的规则；②“过度依赖” 译为 “rely too much on”，“依赖某物做某事” 用 “rely on sth. to do sth.” 结构；③破折号后是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前文 “学生过度依赖 AI 完成作业” 这件事，which 在从句中作主语，补充说明该行为的潜在后果，使逻辑更连贯。 4. 【答案】Another concern is that some low-quality AI tools might provide incorrect information. 【解析】考查表语从句。①主句主语 “concern”（担忧）是抽象名词，后接 that 引导的表语从句，解释 “担忧” 的具体内容，that 不可省略；②“质量欠佳的” 译为 “low-quality”（形容词作定语，符合英文简洁表达习惯），“提供错误信息” 用 “provide incorrect information”，“incorrect” 比 “wrong” 更贴合高考书面语正式语境；③从句时态用 might + 动词原形，表对未来情况的推测，语气委婉，符合 “担忧” 的情感基调。 5. 【答案】My suggestion is that schools should set strict standards for AI use and teach students how to distinguish reliable resources. 【解析】考查表语从句 + 宾语从句。①表语从句 “that schools should set strict standards...” 由 that 引导，因主语是 “suggestion”（建议），从句谓语用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气形式（should 可省略），符合 “表示建议、要求、命令等的名词后接表语从句用虚拟语气” 的规则；②“制定标准” 译为 “set standards for...”，“辨别可靠的信息来源” 用 “distinguish reliable resources”，“resources” 比 “information sources” 更简洁，是高考高频词汇；③“教会学生如何辨别” 中，“how to distinguish...” 是 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，相当于宾语从句 “how they can distinguish...”，作 teach 的直接宾语，符合 “teach sb. how to do sth.” 的固定搭配，语法上属于名词性从句的简化形式。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and 1 ( broad ) your horizons. In summer, you’d better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too 2 ( crowd ). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills 3 ( stand ) the famous Zhang Fei Temple 4 ( surround ) by trees. Because smoking 5 ( forbid ) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, 6 you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen 7 the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, 8 impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShang. There is immense 9 ( mountain ) land on both banks of Yangtze River with only small areas of flat 10 ( plain ). 【导读】这是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了游览三峡的路线以及沿途的景色。 1．【答案】broaden 【解析】考查动词。句意：通过旅行，你可以欣赏到美丽的景色，开阔视野。分析句子可知，and连接的是enjoy和broaden两个并列谓语。故填 broaden。 2．【答案】crowded 【解析】考查形容词。句意：夏天，你最好在重庆坐游轮去三峡，因为江油号船通常都是太拥挤了。分析句子可知，本句为for引导的原因状语从句。从句的结构为主系表结构。故填crowded。 3．【答案】stands 【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：在云阳附近，山峰陡峭的边缘矗立着著名的张飞寺，周围树木环绕。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，且为全部倒装句，本句的主语为the famous Zhang Fei Temple，所以谓语为stands。故填stands。 4．【答案】surrounded 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在云阳附近，山峰陡峭的边缘矗立着著名的张飞寺，周围树木环绕。分析句子可知，the famous Zhang Fei Temple与surround在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语。故填surrounded。 5. 【答案】is forbidden 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：由于船舱内禁止吸烟，您必须到甲板吸烟，在那里您可以欣赏到美丽的景色。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语smoking 与谓语forbid 为被动。故填is forbidden。 6.【答案】where 【解析】考查关系副词。句意：由于船舱内禁止吸烟，您必须到甲板吸烟，在那里您可以欣赏到美丽的景色。分析句子可知，the deck为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故填where。 7.【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句意：你可以看到远处的渔民。in the distance “在远处”为固定短语。故填 in。 8.【答案】what 【解析】考查连接代词。句意：然而，给你印象最深的可能是巫山县的大宁河。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，在主语从句中，缺少主语，所以用what来充当主语。且符合句意。故填what。 9． 【答案】mountainous 【解析】考查形容词。句意：长江两岸山地辽阔，平原面积小。mountainous为形容词来修饰名词land。故填mountainous。 10．【答案】plains 【解析】考查名词。句意：长江两岸山地辽阔，平原面积小。flat为形容词修饰名词plain。长江两岸不止一个平原，所以应填plain的复数plains。故填plains。 三、完形填空。 （2024·新课标II卷·高考真题）When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 1 , Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of  Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 . After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 6 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 9 quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 10 , and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families 11 for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 12 . These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy. Whatever 14 life in Italy might have, the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 1．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle 2．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened 3．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match 4．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised 5．A．course B．barrier C．area D．test 6．A．open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed 7．A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．order 8．A．tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties 9．A．ambition B．success C．appetite D．growth 10．A．costume B．dish C．symbol D．tale 11．A．gather B．cheer C．leave D．wait 12．A．put up with B．stand up for C．come up with D．make up for 13．A．signaled B．confirmed C．represented D．accompanied 14．A．disadvantages B．meanings C．surprises D．opportunities 15．A．created B．forgotten C．understood D．identified 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。 1． 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent出租；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。 2． 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。 3．【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。 4．【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。 5．【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。 6．【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。 7．【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。 8．【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。 9．【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知，此处指作者是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。 10．【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都保存着代代相传的食谱。A. costume服装；B. dish菜肴；C. symbol符号；D. tale故事。根据上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。故选B。 11．【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合；B. cheer欢呼；C. leave留下；D. wait等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭。故选A。 12．【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with忍受；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。 13．【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled示意；B. confirmed确认；C. represented代表；D. accompanied伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accompany by”译为“伴随”。故选D。 14．【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. disadvantages缺点；B. meanings含义；C. surprises惊喜；D. opportunities机会。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。 15．【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. created创建；B. forgotten忘记；C. understood理解；D. identified确认。根据上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快。故选B。 四、书面表达 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said. Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry." 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文（含 4 句主语从句） Para 1 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He frowned slightly but quickly calmed down, patting my shoulder to ease my anxiety. “What matters most right now is that you catch the last bus,” he said gently. （主语从句：What 引导主语从句，指代 “当下最重要的事”，从句结构完整） I begged him to allow delayed payment, explaining, “It’s a fact that this conference means a lot to me—I can’t afford to miss it.” （主语从句：It 为形式主语，that 从句为真正主语，表客观事实） Gunter refused the watch I offered as collateral, saying, “What I believe is that a promise is more valuable than any item.” （主语从句：What 引导主语从句，体现 Gunter 的价值观） He handed me his phone number, and I rushed onto the bus just as it pulled away, grateful for his trust. Para 2 Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. He picked me up at the bus station, and what surprised me most was that he remembered every detail of our first meeting. （主语从句：What 引导主语从句，强调 “让我最意外的事”） On the way to settle the bill, I told him how smoothly the conference had gone, adding that his kindness had made all the difference. We laughed as we recalled that tense evening, and when I offered double the fare plus a tip, he declined firmly. I then gave him a handcrafted Prague crystal, which he accepted with joy. We’ve stayed in touch ever since, and I often think that meeting Gunter was one of the best things that ever happened to me. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在一次因风暴延误的旅途中，匆忙搭乘出租车前往车站赶最后一班去布拉格的公共汽车。司机冈特不熟悉车站位置，通过电话求助后顺利抵达。到达时作者却发现自己没带现金，尝试用葡萄牙银行卡支付没有成功，而车站的取款机也故障了。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我跑回到冈特那里，告诉他这个坏消息。”可知，第一段可描写作者留下冈特的电话，承诺会还钱给对方，冈特同意，最终作者及时登上了公共汽车。 ②由第二段首句内容“四天后，当我回到维也纳时，我按照承诺给冈特打了电话。”可知，第二段可描写作者付费给冈特，并向对方表示感激，两人成为了好朋友。 2.续写线索：作者给出解决办法——承诺还钱——冈特同意——作者登上公共汽车——履行承诺还钱——两人成为朋友 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①拒绝：reject/refuse ②给某人拥抱：give sb. a hug/embrace sb. ③记下，写下：write down/set down 情绪类 ①难以置信地：in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably ②开心地：happily/joyfully 【高分句型】 1.What matters most right now is that you catch the last bus. 结构：What（连接代词，作从句主语）+ 谓语（matters）+ 表语从句（that you catch the last bus） 功能：强调当下的核心优先级，自然融入紧急场景。 2.It’s a fact that this conference means a lot to me—I can’t afford to miss it. 结构：It（形式主语）+ be 动词（is）+ 名词（a fact）+ 真正主语（that 从句） 功能：客观陈述会议的重要性，增强请求延迟付款的合理性。 3.What I believe is that a promise is more valuable than any item. 结构：What（连接代词，作从句宾语）+ 谓语（believe）+ 表语从句（that a promise...） 功能：通过 Gunter 的台词体现人物品质，让对话更有深度。 4.What surprised me most was that he remembered every detail of our first meeting. 结构：What（连接代词，作从句主语）+ 谓语（surprised）+ 表语从句（that he remembered...） 功能：表达重逢后的意外与感动，推动情节情感升温。 所有主语从句均贴合语境、自然不生硬，既满足语法要求，又丰富了叙事逻辑和人物形象。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业04 名词性从句（巩固培优） 一、核心定义 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，其功能相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 二、名词性从句的种类 从句类型 定义 例句 主语从句 在复合句中作主句的主语，可置于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语后置 ①That she won the competition surprised everyone.（她赢得比赛让所有人都很惊讶）②It is important that we should master basic grammar.（我们掌握基础语法很重要） 宾语从句 在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后作宾语 ①I don't know whether he will attend the meeting.（我不知道他是否会参加会议）②She is worried about what she should do next.（她担心接下来该做什么） 表语从句 在系动词（be, seem, appear 等）后作表语 ①The question is how we can solve the problem efficiently.（问题是我们如何能高效解决这个问题）②It seems that he has made a great decision.（他似乎做了一个重大的决定） 同位语从句 对前面的抽象名词（fact, news, idea 等）作解释说明从句 ①The news that our team achieved victory spread quickly.（我们队获胜的消息迅速传开） ②He put forward the suggestion that we should have a picnic this weekend.（他提出了我们这周末去野餐的建议） 三、名词性从句的引导词 引导词类型 常见词汇 用法说明 例句 连接词 that, whether, if that 无意义，不充当成分，宾语从句中可省略，主/表/同位语从句中不可省略；whether/if 表 “是否”，宾语从句中可互换，主/表/同位语从句中只能用 whether，且 whether可与or not 连用 ①He said (that) he would come on time.（宾语从句，that 可省略）②Whether she will go abroad or not is still unknown.（主语从句，只能用 whether） 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whose 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；what 表 “…… 的事物”，who/whom 指人，which 表 “哪一个”，whose 表 “谁的” ①What he said at the meeting is very meaningful.（主语从句，what 作宾语）②I want to know whose book this is.（宾语从句，whose 作定语） 连接副词 when, where, why, how 在从句中作时间、地点、原因或方式状语 ①When we will start the project hasn't been decided.（主语从句，when 作时间状语）②She explained why she was late for the party.（宾语从句，why 作原因状语） 【方法归纳】 1. 语序规则：名词性从句一律用陈述句语序（连接词 + 主语 + 谓语），不可用疑问句语序。 ▶ 正确：I don't know where he lives. ▶ 错误：I don't know where does he live. 2. 时态呼应：主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态；主句为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关时态（客观真理、事实除外）。若从句描述的是当前仍成立的状态、习惯性动作或公认事实，即使主句为过去时，从句也可使用一般现在时。 ▶ He said he often goes to the gym on weekends. ▶ He told us that the earth moves around the sun.（客观真理，从句用一般现在时） 3. it 作形式主语 / 宾语： 形式主语：It + be + 形容词 / 名词 / 过去分词 + that 从句（如 It is a pity that...） 形式宾语：主语 + 谓语 + it + 形容词 / 名词 + that 从句（如 I find it necessary that...） 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句解释名词的内容，that 不充当成分；定语从句修饰名词，that 在从句中作主语、宾语等成分。 ▶ 同位语从句：The fact that the plan was canceled made us upset.（that 不充当成分，解释 fact 的内容） ▶ 定语从句：The fact that he told us made us upset.（that 作宾语，修饰 fact） 【易错提醒】 ①if 不可用于主/表/同位语从句，也不可与 or not 直接连用； ②what 在从句中必须充当成分，无指代范围；which 有明确指代范围（在特定范围内选择）。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、巩固提升练（基础小题） （一）单项选择（每题 1 分，共 15 分） 1.（2023・天津高考）People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering. A. that B. what C. why D. how 2. （2023・天津高考）Recently, scientists have started a debate on _______the computers will “think” like human in half a century. A. where B. whether C. whose D. which 3. （2022・天津高考）Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety. A. How B. what C. why D. which 4. It is obvious ________ the environment is becoming more and more important to human beings. A. that B. what C. whether D. how 5. The reason why she failed the exam is ________ she didn't spend enough time reviewing. A. Because B. that C. what D. whether 6. I wonder ________ he will arrive on time. If not, we need to adjust the plan. A. that B. if C. when D. where 7. ________ surprised us most is that he actually won the first prize in the competition. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 8. She has no idea ________ her son is getting along with his studies at school. A. when B. how C. that D. where 9. The news ________ our team has qualified for the final match cheered everyone up. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 10. It is still unknown ________ will be in charge of the new department. A. that B. who C. which D. what 11. （2021・全国高考）We can't figure out ________ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when 12. His suggestion ________ we should hold a meeting to discuss the problem is reasonable. A. that B. which C. what D. how 13. I think ________ necessary that we should learn from each other in daily life. A. it B. that C. this D. what 14. The question is ________ we can get enough financial support for the project. A. that B. whether C. if D. how much 15. ________ he managed to finish the task in such a short time is beyond my imagination. A. How B. That C. What D. Why （二）用适当的连接词填空（每题 1 分，共 15 分） 1.________ Angela and her family spent together in China in 2008 is unforgettable. 2. It is a mystery ________ he suddenly disappeared without any notice. 3. I have no doubt ________ he will keep his promise to help us. 4. The problem ________ we should choose as our leader is still under discussion. 5. She asked me ________ I had seen her lost dog anywhere. 6.（2024・全国・高考真题改编）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 7.（2023・全国・高考真题改编）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 8.（2023・全国・高考真题改编）“There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins. 9.（2024・全国・高考真题改编）He has written three novels, ______ are very popular among teenagers. 10.Beethoven, ______ composed many famous works, is a great musician. 11.The small town, ______ I was born, has become a tourist attraction. 12.The dictionary, ______ my mother bought for me, is very useful. 13.He failed the exam, ______ was not surprising. 14.Mary, ______ brother is a doctor, wants to study medicine. 15.（2024・浙江・高考真题改编）Shops price goods in the way ______ will make them the most money, ______ surprises many solo customers. 二、根据下列单词选词，并用适当的形式填空。（每空1分，共10分） advocate, adapt to, contribute to, commit to, sacrifice, withdraw from, distinguish...from..., in spite of, take on, address 1. As a responsible citizen, we should ________ environmental protection and try our best to reduce carbon emissions. 2. It takes time for freshmen to ________ the independent life in college, especially those who have never left home before. 3. Every team member’s efforts ________ the success of the project, so we should appreciate each other’s hard work. 4. The scientist ________ his whole life to medical research and finally found a new treatment for the rare disease. 5. Many frontline workers ________ their personal interests to fight against the pandemic, which moved the whole nation. 6. The athlete had to ________ the competition due to a sudden injury, which made his fans feel sorry for him. 7. It is important to ________ facts ________ opinions when we are doing academic research or writing reports. 8. ________ the heavy rain and traffic jam, she still managed to arrive at the meeting on time. 9. After graduation, she decided to ________ a challenging job in a remote area to gain more practical experience. 10. The government has taken a series of measures to ________ the problem of youth unemployment. 1、 语法填空（每空 1 分，共 10 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 There is no doubt that artificial intelligence (AI) has changed many aspects of our lives. However, there is a heated debate on 1.________ AI will replace human beings in most jobs in the future. Some experts hold the view that AI has obvious advantages in efficiency and accuracy, so it will take over repetitive and labor-intensive jobs such as data entry and assembly line work. They also argue that AI can be continuously upgraded to handle more complex tasks, which will lead to widespread unemployment. Passage 2 On the other hand, many people believe that human beings have unique abilities that AI cannot replicate, such as creativity, emotional intelligence, and critical thinking. For example, doctors need to communicate with patients and make flexible decisions based on individual conditions, 2._______ is beyond AI’s current capabilities. Moreover, it is likely that new jobs will be created as AI develops, such as AI trainers and data analysts. Passage 3 The key question is not whether AI will replace humans, but 3.________ we can adapt to the changes brought by AI. As the saying goes, “Change is the only constant.”It is important for us to learn new skills and keep pace with technological progress. Only in this way can we survive and thrive in the age of AI. 一、名词性从句高考翻译题。 1. 我很乐意分享我对人工智能（AI）在校园中应用的看法。 2. 人工智能进入校园最核心的价值在于，它能帮助教师节省常规工作的时间，并为学生提供个性化的学习方案。 3. 然而，我担心学生是否会过度依赖人工智能完成作业——这可能会削弱他们的独立思考能力。 4. 另一个担忧是，部分质量欠佳的人工智能工具可能会提供错误信息。 5. 我的建议是，学校应制定严格的人工智能使用标准，并教会学生如何辨别可靠的信息来源。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and 1 ( broad ) your horizons. In summer, you’d better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too 2 ( crowd ). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills 3 ( stand ) the famous Zhang Fei Temple 4 ( surround ) by trees. Because smoking 5 ( forbid ) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, 6 you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen 7 the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, 8 impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShang. There is immense 9 ( mountain ) land on both banks of Yangtze River with only small areas of flat 10 ( plain ). 三、完形填空。 （2024·新课标II卷·高考真题）When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 1 , Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of  Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 . After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 6 Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 9 quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional 10 , and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families 11 for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 12 . These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy. Whatever 14 life in Italy might have, the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 1．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle 2．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened 3．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match 4．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised 5．A．course B．barrier C．area D．test 6．A．open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed 7．A．remind B．allow C．persuade D．order 8．A．tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties 9．A．ambition B．success C．appetite D．growth 10．A．costume B．dish C．symbol D．tale 11．A．gather B．cheer C．leave D．wait 12．A．put up with B．stand up for C．come up with D．make up for 13．A．signaled B．confirmed C．represented D．accompanied 14．A．disadvantages B．meanings C．surprises D．opportunities 15．A．created B．forgotten C．understood D．identified 四、书面表达 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car. Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. "We made it," he said. Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out. At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order. Sorry." 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $