普通高中英语课程标准日常修订版3100词汇与写作句型(第八组)清单-2026届高三英语一轮复习

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦新课标3100词汇第八组（每30词为一组），涵盖awful至basin共30个核心词汇，每个词汇包含词性、释义及2个情境化例句，末附语篇写作整合应用模块。 清单以“词汇-例句-语篇”三级架构强化应用，每个词汇配备贴近学习与生活的实用例句，如“balance”通过“平衡学习与休闲”“饮食均衡”场景，帮助学生在语境中掌握用法，提升语言能力。语篇写作模块整合全部词汇，如用“bakery”“bacon”构建温馨生活场景，培养写作逻辑与准确性，体现思维品质素养。例句融入环保、社会责任主题，如“ban plastic balloons”“save water resources”，渗透文化意识。学生可自主通过例句和语篇练习巩固，教师可据此优化词汇与写作结合教学，提高备考效率。

普通高中英语课程标准日常修订版(2017年版2025年修订) 3100词汇与写作句型 第八组(每30词为一组) 1. awful /ˈɔːfl/adj. 糟糕的；极坏的；可怕的 ① An awful learning habit will make us fall behind others in study and waste precious time. 一个糟糕的学习习惯会让我们在学习上落后于人，还会浪费宝贵的时间。 ② It is an awful behavior to litter everywhere, which will pollute the environment and break public rules. 随地乱扔垃圾是一种恶劣的行为，这会污染环境、违反公共准则。 2. awkward /ˈɔːkwəd/adj. 令人尴尬的；笨拙的；棘手的 ① We should learn to deal with awkward situations calmly instead of being nervous when we communicate with others. 与人交流时，我们要学会冷静应对尴尬的局面，而非感到紧张。 ② It is an awkward problem for teenagers to balance their study and hobbies, but we can solve it with a proper plan. 青少年要平衡学习与爱好是个棘手的问题，但我们可以通过合理的计划解决它。 3. baby /ˈbeɪbi/n. 婴儿；宝贝 ① Parents always take good care of their baby and try their best to create a warm living environment for him. 父母总会悉心照料自己的宝宝，并尽全力为孩子营造温暖的生活环境。 ② It is everyone’s duty to care for babies and the elderly, which can make our society more harmonious and warm. 关爱婴幼儿与老人是每个人的责任，这能让我们的社会更加和谐温暖。 4. back /bæk/n. 背；背部；后面 adv. 向后；回原处 v. 支持；后退 ① Sitting in front of the computer for a long time will hurt our back, so we should take exercise regularly to keep healthy. 长时间坐在电脑前会损伤我们的背部，因此要定期锻炼，保持身体健康。 ② All my family and friends stand back me when I meet difficulties, which gives me great courage to move forward. 当我遇到困难时，家人和朋友都支持我，这给了我前行的莫大勇气。 5. background /ˈbækɡraʊnd/n. 背景；出身背景；背景资料 ① Understanding the cultural background of a story can help us grasp its deep meaning better when we are reading or writing. 阅读和写作时，了解故事的文化背景能帮助我们更好地领会其深层含义。 ② Different students have different family backgrounds, but everyone has the same chance to achieve their dreams through hard work. 学生们的家庭背景各不相同，但每个人都能通过努力获得实现梦想的平等机会。 6. backward /ˈbækwəd/adj. 向后的；落后的 adv. (also backwards) 向后；倒着 ① We should never be afraid of making mistakes, and even a backward step sometimes can help us rethink our goals clearly. 我们不必害怕犯错，有时退一步，反而能帮我们清晰地重新思考目标。 ② Some poor villages were once backward in education, but now they have new schools with good teachers and equipment. 一些贫困村庄曾经在教育方面很落后，但如今已经建起了配有优秀师资和设备的新学校。 7. bacon /ˈbeɪkən/n. 培根；熏猪肉 ① Eating too much bacon and other fatty food is bad for our health and may lead to some stomach problems. 吃太多培根这类高脂肪食物对健康有害，还可能引发一些肠胃问题。 ② We can make a simple breakfast with bacon and bread, but we should match it with fruit to keep a balanced diet. 我们可以用培根和面包做简易早餐，但要搭配水果，保证饮食均衡。 8. bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/n. 细菌（复数，单数为 bacterium） ① Washing hands carefully before meals can help us get rid of harmful bacteria and prevent us from getting ill easily. 饭前认真洗手能帮我们清除有害细菌，避免轻易生病。 ② Some useful bacteria can help plants grow better, while others may pollute the soil and do harm to the ecological environment. 有些有益的细菌能促进植物生长，而有些细菌则会污染土壤，危害生态环境。 9. bad /bæd/adj. 坏的；糟糕的；有害的 (比较级 worse，最高级 worst) ① It is a bad idea to copy others’ homework, for it can make us lose the chance to improve our own study ability. 抄袭他人作业是个糟糕的想法，这会让我们失去提升自身学习能力的机会。 ② Staying up late is bad for our eyes and brain, so we should form a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. 熬夜对我们的眼睛和大脑都有害，因此要养成早睡早起的好习惯。 10. badminton /ˈbædmɪntən/n. 羽毛球 ① Playing badminton with classmates after school can help us relax our body and mind and strengthen our friendship. 放学后和同学打羽毛球，既能放松身心，也能增进友谊。 ② Our school holds a badminton competition every year, which encourages more students to take part in sports and keep fit. 我校每年都会举办羽毛球比赛，鼓励更多学生参与体育运动、强身健体。 11. bag /bæɡ/n. 包；袋子 v. 把…… 装进袋子 ① We should use reusable cloth bags when shopping instead of plastic bags to reduce white pollution. 购物时我们应使用可重复利用的布袋，而非塑料袋，以此减少白色污染。 ② The teacher asked us to put all the textbooks and exercise books into our school bags before leaving the classroom. 老师要求我们离开教室前，把所有课本和练习本都装进书包里。 12. bakery /ˈbeɪkəri/n. 面包店；烘焙坊 ① We can buy fresh bread and cakes in the bakery near our school, which provides a convenient breakfast for students. 我们可以在校附近的面包店买到新鲜的面包和蛋糕，这为学生提供了便捷的早餐选择。 ② The warm smell of bread from the bakery makes people feel happy, and it is a small warm part of our daily life. 面包店飘出的面包香气让人感到愉悦，这是日常生活中一抹温暖的小美好。 13. balance /ˈbæləns/n. 平衡；均衡 v. 使平衡；权衡 ① We should learn to balance our study and leisure time, which is the key to living a healthy and meaningful school life. 我们要学会平衡学习与休闲的时间，这是拥有健康且有意义校园生活的关键。 ② Keeping a balance of diet and doing exercise every day can help us stay energetic and keep away from illness. 保持饮食均衡，每天坚持锻炼，能让我们精力充沛、远离疾病。 14. ball /bɔːl/n. 球；球类运动 ① Playing ball games such as basketball and football can not only build up our body but also cultivate our team spirit. 打篮球、踢足球这类球类运动，既能强身健体，也能培养我们的团队精神。 ② The little boy picked up the ball and ran to his friends happily, enjoying the joy of outdoor sports together. 小男孩捡起球，开心地跑向小伙伴，一起享受户外运动的快乐。 15. ballet /ˈbæleɪ/n. 芭蕾舞 ① Learning ballet can help us improve our temperament and train our perseverance, for it needs long-term hard practice. 学习芭蕾舞能提升我们的气质，也能磨炼毅力，因为它需要长期的刻苦练习。 ② The wonderful ballet performance won warm applause from the audience and let us feel the beauty of art deeply. 这场精彩的芭蕾舞表演赢得了观众的热烈掌声，也让我们深刻感受到艺术之美。 16. balloon /bəˈluːn/n. 气球 v. 膨胀；激增 ① Colorful balloons are often used to decorate the classroom for school parties, making the atmosphere more lively and joyful. 校园聚会时，彩色气球常被用来装饰教室，让氛围变得更热闹欢快。 ② We should not throw away plastic balloons casually, because they will pollute the environment and be harmful to wild animals. 我们不应随意丢弃塑料气球，因为它们会污染环境，还会对野生动物造成伤害。 17. bamboo /ˌbæmˈbuː/n. 竹子 (单复数同形) ① Bamboo is a kind of green plant that grows fast, and it is widely used to make eco-friendly products in our daily life. 竹子是生长迅速的绿色植物，日常生活中被广泛用来制作环保用品。 ② Pandas mainly feed on bamboo, so protecting bamboo forests is an important way to protect these lovely animals. 熊猫以竹子为主食，因此保护竹林是保护这些可爱动物的重要方式。 18. ban /bæn/v. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令 ① Our school has made a rule to ban students from using mobile phones in class, which helps us focus on our lessons better. 我校出台规定，禁止学生在课堂上使用手机，这能帮助我们更好地专注于学习。 ② The government has put a ban on the use of harmful chemicals in food production to ensure people’s food safety. 政府颁布禁令，禁止在食品生产中使用有害化学物质，保障人们的食品安全。 19. banana /bəˈnɑːnə/n. 香蕉 ① Eating a banana every day can provide our body with enough nutrition and energy, which is good for our health. 每天吃一根香蕉，能为身体补充充足的营养和能量，有益身体健康。 ② We can take some bananas and other fruits to school as snacks, instead of eating junk food like potato chips. 我们可以带香蕉等水果去学校当零食，而非吃薯片这类垃圾食品。 20. band /bænd/n. 乐队；乐队组合；带子 v. 用带子绑 ① The school music band gives wonderful performances on festivals, which enriches our after-school life a lot. 校园乐队会在节日里献上精彩演出，极大地丰富了我们的课余生活。 ② We should use a soft band to tie up the books, so that they will not be scattered and lost easily. 我们可以用柔软的绑带把书本捆好，这样书本就不会散落丢失了。 21. bank /bæŋk/n. 银行；岸，堤 v. 存钱 ① We can learn to save money and deposit it in the bank, which can help us form a good habit of managing money wisely. 我们可以学着存钱并把钱存入银行，这能帮我们养成合理理财的好习惯。 ② There are many green trees and beautiful flowers on the bank of the river in our city, making it a nice place for people to relax. 我市的河岸两旁种满绿树繁花，成了人们休闲放松的好去处。 22. bar /bɑː(r)/n. 条；棒；酒吧；障碍 v. 阻挡，拦住 ① Eating a bar of chocolate properly can help us relieve pressure when we are tired of heavy study tasks. 面对繁重的学习任务感到疲惫时，适量吃一块巧克力能帮助我们缓解压力。 ② Difficulties will never bar us from chasing our dreams as long as we keep working hard and never give up. 只要坚持不懈、永不放弃，困难永远阻挡不了我们追逐梦想的脚步。 23. barbecue /ˈbɑːbɪkjuː/n. 烧烤；烧烤野餐 v. 烧烤 ① Having a barbecue with family in the park on weekends can make us get close to nature and enjoy happy family time. 周末和家人在公园烧烤，能让我们亲近自然，享受温馨的家庭时光。 ② We should not have a barbecue in the forest, because it may cause a big fire and bring great harm to the forest. 我们不能在森林里烧烤，因为这可能引发大火，给森林带来极大危害。 24. barely /ˈbeəli/adv. 几乎不；勉强；仅仅 ① He was so busy with his study that he barely had time to take part in after-school activities last month. 上个月他忙于学习，几乎没有时间参加课外活动。 ② The little girl was so short that she could barely reach the books on the top shelf of the library. 这个小女孩个子太矮，几乎够不到图书馆书架顶层的书籍。 25. bark /bɑːk/v. （狗）吠叫；大声呵斥 n. 树皮；狗叫声 ① Dogs usually bark to warn their owners when strangers come near, which is a way for them to protect their families. 陌生人靠近时，狗狗常会吠叫提醒主人，这是它们保护家人的方式。 ② We should never damage trees by peeling off their bark, because it will make the trees sick and even die slowly. 我们绝不能剥树皮伤害树木，因为这会让树木生病，甚至慢慢枯萎。 26. barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/n. 障碍；屏障；隔阂 ① Communication is the best way to break the barrier between people and build a good relationship with each other. 沟通是打破人与人之间隔阂、建立良好关系的最佳方式。 ② Hard work and perseverance can help us overcome any barrier in study and finally achieve our learning goals. 努力和坚持能帮我们克服学习中的一切障碍，最终实现学习目标。 27. base /beɪs/n. 基础；基地；底部 v. 以…… 为基础 (搭配：base on 以…… 为依据) ① A solid knowledge base is very important for us to learn new subjects well and improve our study efficiency. 扎实的知识基础，对我们学好新学科、提高学习效率至关重要。 ② We should base our opinions on facts when we write an argumentative essay, instead of expressing ideas blindly. 写议论文时，我们的观点要以事实为依据，而非盲目表达想法。 28. baseball /ˈbeɪsbɔːl/n. 棒球 ① Playing baseball can train our reaction ability and teamwork spirit, which is a popular sport among teenagers. 打棒球能锻炼我们的反应能力和团队精神，是青少年中很受欢迎的运动。 ② Our school’s baseball team won the championship in the city competition, which made all the teachers and students feel proud. 我校棒球队在市级比赛中夺冠，让全体师生都倍感自豪。 29. basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/adj. 基本的；基础的 n. 基础知识；基本要素 ① Mastering basic grammar rules is the first step to write a good English composition and improve our writing skills. 掌握基础的语法规则，是写出优秀英语作文、提升写作能力的第一步。 ② We should teach children some basic safety rules, so that they can protect themselves when they are in danger. 我们要教孩子一些基本的安全准则，让他们身处险境时能保护自己。 30. basin /ˈbeɪsn/n. 盆；盆地；流域 ① We should use a basin to collect water when washing our hands, and reuse it to water flowers to save water resources. 洗手时我们可以用盆接水，再用这些水浇花，以此节约水资源。 ② There are many kinds of plants and animals living in the river basin, and we should protect them to keep the ecological balance. 流域里生活着多种多样的动植物，我们要保护它们，维持生态平衡。 语篇写作(运用以上词汇完成下列语篇) Writing well needs to avoid awful mistakes and awkward expressions first. Everyone has their own life background, which is the base of writing wonderful stories — we can write about a cute baby, a badminton game with friends, or a warm bakery with fresh bacon and bananas. We should balance basic writing skills and creative ideas, and never take a backward step when meeting writing barriers. At times, we barely find good topics, yet natural things like bamboo, a flying balloon or a barking dog can attract us. We know bad habits bar our progress, so schools ban lazy writing and urge us to base articles on real life. We can write about a baseball match, a ballet show, a school band or a river basin, even a simple bank or a bar of candy. All these are useful materials. A good writing attitude helps us break all barriers, and we should hold back negative thoughts. Bacteria remind us to focus on details, and a barbecue with family can offer warm feelings. In short, writing is great as long as we use basic skills well, and no difficulty can really ban our passion for writing. 写好文章，首先要规避糟糕的错误与生硬的表达。每个人都有独有的人生背景，这正是创作精彩文字的根基 —— 我们可以写可爱的婴儿、和朋友的羽毛球赛，也可以写飘着培根与香蕉香气的温馨面包店。我们要平衡写作的基础技巧与创意灵感，遇到写作瓶颈时，永远不要退缩。有时我们几乎找不到好的写作题材，但竹子、飘飞的气球、吠叫的小狗这类自然事物，都能给予我们灵感。我们深知，不良的习惯会阻碍进步，因此学校杜绝敷衍的写作态度，督促我们立足现实创作。我们可以落笔写棒球比赛、芭蕾演出、校园乐队、河流流域，甚至是一间普通的银行、一块糖果。这些都是珍贵的写作素材。良好的写作心态能帮我们冲破所有阻碍，我们也该摒除消极的想法。细菌的存在提醒我们注重写作细节，和家人的一次烧烤聚餐也能赋予文字温情。总而言之，只要扎实运用写作基本功，便可以写好文章，没有任何困难能真正磨灭我们对写作的热爱。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $