Unit 4 Natural disasters（重难词汇精炼）英语沪教牛津版九年级下册

Unit 4 Natural disasters词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 asteroid *n. 小行星 line n. 电话线路 typhoon *n. 台风 dead adj. （因为缺电）不运行的；不转动的 earthquake n. 地震 boss n. 老板 melt *v. （使）熔化；（使）融化 deaf adj. 聋的 flood v. （使）灌满水；淹没 stare v. 盯着看；凝视；注视 badly adv. 严重地；厉害地 screen n. 屏幕；荧光屏 alive adj. 活着；在世 notice v. 看（或听）到；注意到；意识到 pool n. 水坑；水塘 awake v. (awoke, awoken) （使）醒来 object n. 物体；物品 immediately adv. 立即；马上；即刻 coach n. 长途汽车 missing adj. 失踪的 pass v. 通过 fellow adj. 同类的；同伴的 短语 natural disaster 自然灾害 fall on deaf ears 不被理睬; 不被注意 pass by 通过; 经过 stare at 盯着看; 凝视; 注视 stick with 持续; 坚持 in surprise 惊讶地 sit around 无所事事地消磨时间; 闲坐 for now 暂时 have no time to do 不愿为……花时间; 没有时间做…… survival kit 救生包  二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. badly adv. 严重地；厉害地 → bad adj. 坏的，严重的（worse 比较级；worst 最高级） 2. alive adj. 活着；在世 → live v. 居住，生存 adj. 活的；直播的 →living adj. 活着的 n. 生计 →life n. 生命，生活 3. dead adj. （因为缺电）不运行的；死的 → die v. 死亡 →death n. 死亡 →deadly adj. 致命的 adv. 极其→dying adj.临终的, 垂死的 4. awake v. (awoke, awoken) （使）醒来 → awake adj. 醒着的→wake (woke,woken)v. 唤醒，醒来 5. immediately /ɪˈmiːdiətli/adv. 立即；马上；即刻 → immediate adj. 立即的，直接的 词汇语境练-句子 一、单词拼写 1.The speech was so boring and long that I found it hard to stay a . 【答案】(a)wake 【详解】句意：演讲又无聊又冗长，我发现很难保持清醒。根据句意和首字母提示可知应填“awake”。“awake”是形容词，表示“清醒的”，在句中作表语，说明主语“I”的状态。故填(a)wake。 2. His grandfather did his best to keep the tree a , but it died in the end. 【答案】(a)live 【详解】句意：他的爷爷尽最大的努力让树活着，但树最后还是死了。根据“keep the tree...”和汉语提示可知，此处考查“keep + 宾语 + 形容词”，形容词alive作宾语补足语。故填(a)live。 3. Sally did b in yesterday’s test, so she failed in the end. 【答案】(b)adly 【详解】句意：萨莉在昨天的考试中考得很差，所以她最终不及格。根据“so she failed in the end.”和首字母可知，她考得很差，badly“差”，副词，修饰动词did。故填(b)adly。 4.I don’t think s at others is polite. 【答案】(s)taring 【详解】句意：我认为盯着别人看是不礼貌的。根据句意及所给首字母，结合空格后的at可知，此处考查固定短语stare at sb.“盯着某人看”，且分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词作宾语从句的主语，使用动名词形式，stare的动名词形式为staring。故填(s)taring。 5.As we know, the Great Wall is the biggest man-made o in the world. 【答案】(o)bject 【详解】句意：众所周知，长城是世界上最大的人造物体。根据常识可知，长城是人造物体，故用名词object表示“物体”。故填(o)bject。 6.Her grandmother is d and can’t hear the phone, so she often writes to her instead. 【答案】(d)eaf 【详解】句意：她的祖母是聋的，听不见电话，所以她经常给他写信。根据“can’t hear the phone”可知，她的祖母听力不好，结合首字母d可知，此处要表达“聋的”，所以用形容词deaf。此处是形容词作表语。故填(d)eaf。 7.A terrible e happened in Taiwan Province on April 3, 2024. 【答案】(e)arthquake 【详解】句意：2024年4月3日，台湾省发生了一场可怕的地震。根据“A terrible...happened in Taiwan Province on April 3, 2024.”和首字母提示可知，此处指一场可怕的地震，earthquake“地震”，a后接名词单数。故填(e)arthquake。 8.Mr. Lin is a football c . He is very strict with us. 【答案】(c)oach 【详解】句意：林先生是一位足球教练。他对我们很严格。根据“He is very strict with us.”，结合首字母和句意，可推测出，此处应该是说林先生是一位足球教练。coach意为“教练”。故填(c)oach。 9.The b is the leader of a company. 【答案】(b)oss 【详解】句意：老板是一家公司的领导者。根据语境及首字母，可知公司的领导者应该是“老板”，且be动词为单数，故名词也用单数形式boss“老板”。故填(b)oss。 10.She asked everyone to stop talking and listen . (立刻) 【答案】immediately 【详解】句意：她要求大家立即停止谈话，听她说。根据中文提示，可知是immediately“立刻”，修饰动词listen。故填immediately。 11. Three people were killed and one person was (失踪). 【答案】missing 【详解】句意：3人被杀死了、1人失踪了。missing“失踪的”，形容词作表语。故填missing。 12. There is a swimming (水塘) in the park. 【答案】pool 【详解】句意：公园里有一个游泳池。根据空前“a swimming”可知，空格处应填一个单数名词，结合汉语提示可知，此处应用pool表示“水塘”。故填pool。 13. The road was so crowded that the car could not (通过) through easily. 【答案】pass 【详解】句意：这条路太拥挤了，汽车很难通过。结合句意和汉语提示可知，pass“通过”，动词，空前有“could not”，此处用动词原形。故填pass。 14.The water (淹没) the city’s underground tunnel system at that time. 【答案】flooded 【详解】句意：当时洪水淹没了城市的地下隧道系统。“淹没”flood，根据“at that time”可知用一般过去时，flood的过去式flooded。故填flooded。 15.The firemen were too tired even to n (注意) how hungry and thirsty they were. 【答案】(n)otice 【详解】句意：这些消防员们太累了甚至不能注意他们有多渴有多饿。根据所给汉语提示可知要用notice“注意”，又根据“too tired even to”可知此处应是too…to do“太……而不能做……”，此处要用动词原形。故填(n)otice。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.My computer is (die). It suddenly shut down while I was writing an important report, and I haven’t saved the file yet! 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：我的电脑死机了。我写一份重要报告的时候，它突然关机了，而且我还没保存文件呢！is是系动词，后接形容词作表语。die是动词，其形容词形式dead可用于描述电子设备死机的状态，符合语境。故填dead。 2. Jason found it difficult to stay (wake) in class after staying up late. 【答案】awake 【详解】句意：杰森发现熬夜后在课堂上保持清醒很困难。根据“stay...in class”可知，此处指在课堂上保持清醒，stay awake“保持清醒”，形容词awake“清醒的”作表语。故填awake。 3. It’s said that the man was hit by a car. Luckily, he wasn’t hurt. (bad) 【答案】badly 【详解】句意：据说那人被车撞了。幸运的是，他没有受重伤。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词形式，作状语，修饰形容词hurt，badly“严重地”符合。故填badly。 4. The little poor girl hid in the shelter to keep herself (live). 【答案】alive 【详解】句意：这个可怜的小女孩藏在避难所里，目的是让自己活着。“keep + 宾语 + 形容词”为固定结构，表示“使……处于某种状态”。这里需要一个形容词来作宾语补足语，说明小女孩要让自己保持的状态，“live”是动词，其形容词形式“alive”表示“活着的”，符合语境和语法要求。故填alive。 5. Now we can use AI technology to help the (miss) children return home. 【答案】missing 【详解】句意：现在我们可以用人工智能技术帮助失踪儿童回家。修饰名词“children”应用形容词；结合所给词可知，missing“失踪的”，符合题意。故填missing。 6. When someone gives you a gift, you shouldn’t open it (immediate). 【答案】immediately 【详解】句意：当别人送你礼物时，你不应该马上打开。根据“you shouldn’t open it”可知，别人送的礼物，你不能立即打开，应用immediate的副词immediately“立即”，修饰动词。故填immediately。 7. It’s said that the young lady over there is our (boss) wife. 【答案】boss’s 【详解】句意：据说那边的那位年轻女士是我们老板的妻子。此处修饰名词wife用名词所有格boss’s“老板的”。故填boss’s。 8. The seismograph(地动仪) was invented in the Han Dynasty and it was used for testing (earthquake) in ancient China. 【答案】earthquakes 【详解】句意：地动仪在汉代被发明，它在中国古代被用来测试地震。考查名词变复数。根据“ it was used for testing”可知，地动仪是用来测试地震的，earthquake复数形式直接加s。故填earthquakes。 9.It is (believe) that the new technology will bring great changes to our daily life. 【答案】believed 【详解】句意：人们相信这项新技术将给我们的日常生活带来巨大变化。题干使用了“It is + 过去分词 + that...”句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。believe意为“相信”，其过去分词形式believed与is构成被动语态，It is believed that...是固定表达，意思是“人们相信……；据信……”。故填believed。 10.Working hard every day is a good way for us (pass) exams. 【答案】to pass 【详解】句意：每天努力学习是我们通过考试的好方法。空处需填动词不定式作定语。此处 “way” 为名词，意为 “方法”，常用 “a way to do sth.” 的结构，表示 “做某事的方法”。故填 to pass。 三、单项选择 1. Luckily, the farmers were _______ after the big earthquake. A．alive B．lively C．lived D．living 【答案】A 【详解】句意：幸运的是，农民在大地震后都活着。 考查形容词辨析。alive活着的；lively活泼的；lived有……之生命的；living活的。根据“after the big earthquake.”可知此处指地震之后，农民还活着，作表语用alive。故选A。 2.It’s easy to do anything if you _______ it. A．stick with B．keep on C．give up D．go on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你坚持下去，做任何事都很容易。 考查动词短语。stick with坚持；keep on继续，后不能直接加宾语；give up放弃；go on继续，后不能直接加宾语。根据“It’s easy to do anything if you ... it.”可知，此处是指如果坚持下去，做任何事都很容易，空后是宾语it，动词短语用stick with。故选A。 3. —He often replies to his daughter’s message after he receives it. —There’s nothing strange about that. She is the person he cares most about. A．immediately B．slowly C．quietly D．suddenly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——他收到女儿的信息之后往往会立刻回复。——对于那个没什么可奇怪的。她是他最关心的人。 考查副词的辨析。immediately“立即”；slowly“慢慢地”；quietly“安静地”；suddenly“突然地”。根据“She is the person he cares most about.”可知，女儿是他最关心的人，推测他收到女儿的信息应该会立即回复。故选A。 4. I ________ on the computer when Frank called me. A．work B．will work C．was working D．am working 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当Frank给我打电话时，我正在电脑上工作。 考查when引导从句的时态。根据“when”和“Frank called me”可知when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，此时的主句应用过去进行时，其谓语结构为“was/were+doing”，故选C。 5. It’s necessary for you ________ the classroom clean, class. A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．kept 【答案】C 【详解】句意：同学们，保持教室清洁是必要的。 考查非谓语动词。keep保持，原形；keeping保持，动名词/现在分词；to keep不定式；kept过去式。本句是“It’s +adj.+for sb+to do sth”句式，意为“做某事对某人来说是……”，可知填不定式作主语。故选C。 四、完成句子 1.由于最近的自然灾害，很多人失去了家园。 Many people lost their homes because of the recent . 【答案】 natural disasters 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“自然灾害”，natural“自然的”，为形容词；disaster“灾害”，为名词；natural disaster“自然灾害”，根据“最近的自然灾害”可知，此处表示多个自然灾害，disaster应用名词复数形式。故填natural；disasters。 2. 如果你坚持你的学习计划，你肯定会取得进步。 If you your study plan, you will surely make progress. 【答案】 stick with 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“坚持”。stick with“坚持”，动词短语。根据“If”可知，if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此用动词原形。故填stick；with。 3.我的哥哥不相信我能获胜，所以他惊讶地看着我。 My brother didn’t believe that I could win, so he looked at me . 【答案】 in surprise 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“惊讶地”。“in surprise”为固定短语，意为“惊讶地”。故填in；surprise。 4.当我望向窗外时，我看见一只鸟经过。 When I looked out of the window, I saw a bird . 【答案】 passing by 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“经过”的英文。因指“鸟经过”，需固定搭配pass by“经过”，根据“When I looked out of the window, I saw a bird...”可知，空处指鸟飞过的动作正在进行，需see sth./sb. doing sth.“看到某物/某人正在做某事”，故空处需现在分词作宾语补足语。故填passing；by。 5.Tom承受着如此多的压力以至于他无法承受在课余时间无所事事闲坐。 Tom is under much pressure he could not afford to in his spare time. 【答案】 so that sit around 【详解】“如此……以至于”翻译成“so…that+从句”；so much意思是“如此多”，后加不可数名词；“无所事事闲坐” sit around,且afford后接动词不定式。故填so；that；sit；around。 6.长时间盯着别人看是不礼貌的。 to others for a long time. 【答案】 It’s impolite stare at 【详解】It’s+形容词+to do sth表示“做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，to do sth是真正主语；stare at“盯着”，impolite“不礼貌的”，是形容词，故填It’s；impolite；stare；at。 7.我们提出的建议全都被当成了耳旁风。 All the suggestions we put forward ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________. 【答案】fell on deaf ears 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少 “被当成耳旁风”。固定短语 fall on deaf ears 表示 “被当成耳旁风；被置之不理”，贴合句意。句子描述过去的经历，谓语动词 fall 需用过去式 fell。故填 fell；on；deaf；ears。 8.我们应该为紧急情况准备好救生包 We should prepare ____________ ____________ for emergencies. 【答案】survival kits 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺 “救生包” 的英文。固定搭配 survival kits 表示 “救生包”，符合语境，survival 表示 “生存”，kit 表示 “成套用品”，此处指一类物品，kit 用复数形式 kits。故填 survival；kits。 9. 我爸爸没有时间陪我。 My father ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ stay with me. 【答案】has no time to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺 “没有时间” 的英文。固定搭配 have no time to do sth. 表示 “没有时间做某事”，符合语境，主语 My father 是第三人称单数，have 用第三人称单数形式 has。故填 has；no；time；to。 10. 我暂时没有其他问题了。 I don’t have any other questions ____________ ____________. 【答案】for now 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺 “暂时” 的英文表达，固定短语 for now 表示 “暂时；目前”，符合语境，在句中作时间状语。故填 for；now。 词汇语境练-语篇 语篇填词 根据下列文段及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词的正确形式。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词。（每空限填一词） In the winter of 2008, heavy snow storms hit more than 10 provinces of China, which did great harm to the affected areas. The roads were 1. b______ damaged and the supply of water and electricity was cut off. The telephone lines were 2. d______ and people could not get in touch with each other. In the face of the frightening 3. d______, the Chinese people were not afraid and showed their love in different ways. When the government 4. n______ the serious problem, it sent many skilled workers to help get everything normal again, such as looking for 5. m______ people, repairing things that were damaged and so on. 【答案】1.(b)adly 2.(d)ead 3.(d)isasters 4.(n)oticed5.(m)issing 【解析】 1.句意：道路严重损毁，水电供应中断。根据首字母 "b"和语境，对应副词 badly（严重地），修饰动词 damaged，填 (b)adly。 2.句意：电话线失灵，人们无法相互联系。根据首字母 "d"和语境，可知空白处对应形容词 dead（设备失灵的），表电话线状态，填 (d)ead。 3.句意：面对可怕的灾难，中国人民毫不畏惧，以多种方式传递爱心。根据首字母 "d"和语境，可知空白处对应名词 disaster（灾难），结合语境 “heavy snow storms”（复数形式，指多场暴风雪），此处 “灾难” 应表示复数概念，故填 (d)isasters。 4.句意：政府注意到这一严重问题，派遣大批技术人员协助恢复秩序，如搜救失联人员、抢修受损物品等。根据首字母 "n"和语境，可知空白处动词 notice 用过去式 noticed（注意到），填 (n)oticed。 5.句意：政府注意到这一严重问题，派遣大批技术人员协助恢复秩序，如搜救失联人员、抢修受损物品等。根据首字母 "m"和语境，可知空白处对应形容词 missing（失踪的），填 (m)issing。 $Unit 4 Natural disasters词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 *n. 小行星 n. 电话线路 *n. 台风 adj. （因为缺电）不运行的；不转动的 n. 地震 n. 老板 *v. （使）熔化；（使）融化 adj. 聋的 v. （使）灌满水；淹没 v. 盯着看；凝视；注视 adv. 严重地；厉害地 n. 屏幕；荧光屏 adj. 活着；在世 v. 看（或听）到；注意到；意识到 n. 水坑；水塘 v. (_____, _____) （使）醒来 n. 物体；物品 adv. 立即；马上；即刻 n. 长途汽车 adj. 失踪的 v. 通过 adj. 同类的；同伴的 短语 自然灾害 不被理睬; 不被注意 通过; 经过 盯着看; 凝视; 注视 持续; 坚持 惊讶地 无所事事地消磨时间; 闲坐 暂时 不愿为……花时间; 没有时间做…… 救生包  二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. badly adv. 严重地；厉害地 → _____adj. 坏的，严重的（_____比较级；_____最高级） 2. alive adj. 活着；在世 → _____ v. 居住，生存 adj. 活的；直播的 →_____adj. 活着的 n. 生计 →_____ n. 生命，生活 3. dead adj. （因为缺电）不运行的；死的 →_____v. 死亡 →_____ n. 死亡 →_____ adj. 致命的 adv. 极其→_____ adj.临终的, 垂死的 4. awake v. (_____, _____) （使）醒来 →_____ adj. 醒着的→_____ (_____,_____)v. 唤醒，醒来 5. immediately /ɪˈmiːdiətli/adv. 立即；马上；即刻 → _____ adj. 立即的，直接的 词汇语境练-句子 一、单词拼写 1.The speech was so boring and long that I found it hard to stay a . 2. His grandfather did his best to keep the tree a , but it died in the end. 3. Sally did b in yesterday’s test, so she failed in the end. 4.I don’t think s at others is polite. 5.As we know, the Great Wall is the biggest man-made o in the world. 6.Her grandmother is d and can’t hear the phone, so she often writes to her instead. 7.A terrible e happened in Taiwan Province on April 3, 2024. 8.Mr. Lin is a football c . He is very strict with us. 9.The b is the leader of a company. 10.She asked everyone to stop talking and listen . (立刻) 11. Three people were killed and one person was (失踪). 12. There is a swimming (水塘) in the park. 13. The road was so crowded that the car could not (通过) through easily. 14.The water (淹没) the city’s underground tunnel system at that time. 15.The firemen were too tired even to n (注意) how hungry and thirsty they were. 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.My computer is (die). It suddenly shut down while I was writing an important report, and I haven’t saved the file yet! 2. Jason found it difficult to stay (wake) in class after staying up late. 3. It’s said that the man was hit by a car. Luckily, he wasn’t hurt. (bad) 4. The little poor girl hid in the shelter to keep herself (live). 5. Now we can use AI technology to help the (miss) children return home. 6. When someone gives you a gift, you shouldn’t open it (immediate). 7. It’s said that the young lady over there is our (boss) wife. 8. The seismograph(地动仪) was invented in the Han Dynasty and it was used for testing (earthquake) in ancient China. 9.It is (believe) that the new technology will bring great changes to our daily life. 10.Working hard every day is a good way for us (pass) exams. 三、单项选择 1. Luckily, the farmers were _______ after the big earthquake. A．alive B．lively C．lived D．living 2.It’s easy to do anything if you _______ it. A．stick with B．keep on C．give up D．go on 3. —He often replies to his daughter’s message after he receives it. —There’s nothing strange about that. She is the person he cares most about. A．immediately B．slowly C．quietly D．suddenly 4. I ________ on the computer when Frank called me. A．work B．will work C．was working D．am working 5. It’s necessary for you ________ the classroom clean, class. A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．kept 四、完成句子 1.由于最近的自然灾害，很多人失去了家园。 Many people lost their homes because of the recent . 2. 如果你坚持你的学习计划，你肯定会取得进步。 If you your study plan, you will surely make progress. 3.我的哥哥不相信我能获胜，所以他惊讶地看着我。 My brother didn’t believe that I could win, so he looked at me . 4.当我望向窗外时，我看见一只鸟经过。 When I looked out of the window, I saw a bird . 5.Tom承受着如此多的压力以至于他无法承受在课余时间无所事事闲坐。 Tom is under much pressure he could not afford to in his spare time. 6.长时间盯着别人看是不礼貌的。 to others for a long time. 7.我们提出的建议全都被当成了耳旁风。 All the suggestions we put forward ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________. 8.我们应该为紧急情况准备好救生包 We should prepare ____________ ____________ for emergencies. 9. 我爸爸没有时间陪我。 My father ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ stay with me. 10. 我暂时没有其他问题了。 I don’t have any other questions ____________ ____________. 词汇语境练-语篇 语篇填词 根据下列文段及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词的正确形式。在填写答卷时，要求写出完整单词。（每空限填一词） In the winter of 2008, heavy snow storms hit more than 10 provinces of China, which did great harm to the affected areas. The roads were 1. b______ damaged and the supply of water and electricity was cut off. The telephone lines were 2. d______ and people could not get in touch with each other. In the face of the frightening 3. d______, the Chinese people were not afraid and showed their love in different ways. When the government 4. n______ the serious problem, it sent many skilled workers to help get everything normal again, such as looking for 5. m______ people, repairing things that were damaged and so on. $