Unit 1 课时3 Understanding ideas Grammar（课件）英语新教材外研版八年级下册

该初中英语课件聚焦“Career talks”主题，系统讲解一般现在时和一般将来时被动语态，通过课文例句引导学生识别“be+过去分词”核心结构，归纳肯定、否定、疑问句式及用法，搭建从识别到应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于主题融合与能力递进，结合职业讨论任务，如小组选“小学教师”分析工作乐趣与挑战，用课文句型“filled with challenges and joys”提升语言能力。辨析被动与主动、主系表结构培养思维品质，分层作业兼顾基础与拓展，教师可借此高效教学，学生在实践中理解语法功能与劳动价值。

悟空啊，为师听说当年你大闹天宫，被如来佛祖压在五行山下500年。这个被字在英语里就是被动语态词的核心，用来描述一个动作的承受者。现在你们随为师一起来学习。哼，当年俺老孙可是天不怕地不怕，结果怎么了？I was trapped under the mountain. 这个句子就用了被动语态，was stopped, 意思是俺被压住了。被动语态好记，先把be动词挑出来，再加动词的过去分词。嘿嘿，师兄，俺也能用被动语态说一句，当年俺被玉帝派去看守天河，那就是i was sent to garden river。Meson是过去分词，我们是B对吧？是的，二师兄。不过记住被动语态是为了强调动作的承受者。比如你刚才的句子是想告诉大家，你被派去，如果想说派你的人是谁，还可以加上by I was sent by the jade emperor，这样更完整。不错，悟空、八戒，当年你们都有过被派遣被惩罚的经历。其实所有被动语态的结构都是be动词加过去分词，根据句子的时态变化调整be动词。比如悟空那句i was trapped，用的是过去，时而如果是现在的状态，就要说，i am trapped under the mountain. 哎，500年，俺老孙可是一直被压着，那就还得说i have been trapped for five hundred years。被动语态还真有不少变化，不过好在俺聪明。一听就懂，哎呀，师兄，你是被压。我是被罚下凡当个猪咹可以说。I was purified and turned into a pig. 真是越说越难过。二师兄，大师兄，别感伤了。这些经历都成了过去，但我们可以从中学会被动语态的用法，不管是现在、过去还是将来。记住be动词和过去分词的搭配就可以了。徒儿们，被动语态是取经路上描述经历的好工具。我们取经成功后，也可以说the scriptures were obtained by us，经书被我们取得了。现在你们来试试用被动语态说说自己的经历。 Unit 1 Career talks Grammar 课型：语法课 识别并归纳课文中含有一般现在时和一般将来时被动语态的句子，总结其基本结构规则。（学习理解） 01 运用被动语态的规则，在一般现在时和一般将来时两种时态下正确改写句子，并完成招聘启事的语法填空。结合课文主题，运用所学词汇和句型，与同伴讨论特定职业的利弊并完成表格。（应用实践） 02 联系个人认知，思考不同工作的价值，理解劳动的意义。（迁移创新） 03 学习目标 Lead in 01 Presentation 02 03 Production 04 Summary 05 Language points 06 Exercises 07 Homework 08 Practice Contents What grammar rules did you notice? Lead in Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. 5 (a)All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory. (b)I'm reminded of some other friends I met through the glass. be + 过去分词 Presentation What can you find? be + 过去分词 被动语态:主语是动作的承受者。 基本结构：be + 过去分词 (PP) +(by + 动作执行者) （一般将来时被动） （一般现在时被动） Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. 1.The past 30 years were filled with both challenges and joys. （过去的30年充满了挑战与欢乐。） 结构：were (be动词) + filled (过去分词) 2.All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory. （所有在高空的日子将被保存在我的记忆里。） 结构：will be (助动词+be动词) + kept (过去分词) ✅Para 1： Presentation Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. 3. It was carefully cut into small pieces. （它（西瓜）被小心地切成了小块。） 结构：was (be动词) + cut (过去分词) ✅Para 2： 4. I'm reminded of some other friends ... （我被提醒起其他一些朋友……） 结构：I'm (即 I am，be动词) + reminded (过去分词) ✅Para 3： Presentation Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. 4. Window cleaning is not always considered a good job, ... 擦窗户这项工作并不总被（人们）认为是一份好工作。 结构：is (be动词) + considered (过去分词) ✅Para 5： Presentation 一般现在时被动语态 This song is loved by many young people. （这首歌被许多年轻人喜爱。） New students are welcomed at the beginning of each term. （新学期开始时会迎接新同学。） 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词 (+ by...) Presentation 一般现在时被动语态 Coffee is not served in this meeting room. （这间会议室不提供咖啡。） These old magazines are not read anymore. （这些旧杂志不再被阅读了。） 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词过去分词 (+ by...) Presentation 一般现在时被动语态 Are the windows cleaned every week? （窗户每周都清洁吗？） Is English spoken in this country? （这个国家说英语吗？） Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by...)? 一般疑问句 Presentation 一般现在时被动语态 Where are these cars made? （这些汽车是在哪里制造的？） How is this dish cooked? （这道菜是怎么做的？） 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by...)? 特殊疑问句 Presentation 一般将来时被动语态 The meeting will be held in the main hall tomorrow. （会议明天将在主大厅举行。） A new park will be built in our neighborhood next year. （明年我们社区将建一个新公园。） 肯定句 主语 + will be + 过去分词(+ by...) Presentation 一般将来时被动语态 The secret will not be told to anyone. （这个秘密不会告诉任何人。） The old bridge won‘t be repaired until next month. （这座旧桥直到下个月才会被修复。） 否定句 主语 + will not (won’t) be + 过去分词(+ by...) Presentation 一般将来时被动语态 Will the project be finished on time? （这个项目会按时完成吗？） Will I be invited to the party? （我会被邀请参加派对吗？） Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？(+ by...)? 一般疑问句 Presentation 一般将来时被动语态 When will the results be announced? （结果将在什么时候公布？） Where will the ceremony be held? （仪式将在哪里举行？） 特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词(+ by...)? 特殊疑问句 Presentation 核心区别 1.主动语态：I clean the window. （“我”是动作发出者） 2.被动语态：The window is cleaned (by me). （“窗户”是动作承受者） 主动语态与被动语态的区别： Presentation 被动语态 vs. 主系表结构 I was surprised by the news. I was surprised at the news. 关键在于区分过去分词是表示“动作”还是“状态”。 （系表） （被动） The window was broken by the boy. The window was broken. “是破的”，是一种状态。 “被打破”，是个动作。 Presentation 常见用法 在以下四种情况下，使用被动语态比主动语态更自然、得体： 强调动作承受者: 当动作的承受者比执行者更重要或更需强调时。 The new library will be opened next week. （强调“新图书馆”） 2. 动作执行者未知: 不知道或没必要说明动作是谁做的。 My wallet was stolen yesterday. （不知道谁偷的） Presentation 常见用法 在以下四种情况下，使用被动语态比主动语态更自然、得体： 3.动作执行者不言而喻: 执行者是“人们”，“大家”等泛指对象。 English is spoken in many countries. （by people） 4.表达客观观点 ：常用于公告、说明文、科技文章中，使语气更客观。 It is suggested that the plan be revised. （比“Someone suggests...”更正式） Presentation 过去分词的变形规则 1.一般情况，直接加 –ed。 work → worked look → looked play → played 2.以不发音的字母 -e 结尾，只加 –d。 live → lived hope → hoped like → liked 3.以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 -ed study → studied carry → carried try → tried 注意：如果是“元音字母 + y”，则直接加 -ed。如：play → played, enjoy → enjoyed。 4.以“重读闭音节”结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加 –ed。 stop → stopped plan → planned prefer → preferred 规则动词的过去分词形式与其过去式完全相同，都是在动词原形后加 -ed，具体规则如下： Presentation 过去分词的变形规则 不规则动词的过去分词没有统一规则，但可以根据其变化模式分为以下几类，方便记忆： 1.AAA型：原形、过去式、过去分词完全一样 put- put – put cut –cut –cut cost –cost –cost 2.ABB型：过去式和过去分词一样 buy – bought – bought bring - brought - brought build - built - built 3.ABC型：三者都不一样 begin –began-begun sing - sang –sung do- did -done 4.其他常见且重要的不规则动词（必须熟记） be - was/were – been go -went – gone see -saw - seen write -wrote - written take - took taken Presentation Rewrite the sentences in the passive in the simple present and the simple future. 1 The farmer plants flowers in early spring. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2 We usually clean up our office for holidays. ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Practice Flowers are planted by the farmer in early spring. Flowers will be planted by the farmer in early spring. Our office is usually cleaned up by us for holidays. Our office will be cleaned up by us for holidays. 6 Rewrite the sentences in the passive in the simple present and the simple future. 3 The school always holds a party to welcome new teachers. ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 4 The company will hold a job interview next month. ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ A party is always held by the school to welcome new teachers. A party will be held by the school to welcome new teachers. A job interview is held by the company. A job interview will be held by the company next month. Practice 6 Complete the job posting using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets. Creative students 1___________(need) for our team! Excellent communication skills 2_____________(expect), and a positive personality 3_________(require). Join us and make a difference! Come to Room 401 for more information. are needed are expected is required are organised are heard will be developed Practice 7 Useful expressions： Work in pairs. Choose a job and complete the table. Then have a discussion about the joys and challenges of doing the job. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. Production …be filled with both challenges and joys. …not always considered a good job. I have found a sense of achievement in.... The job will make... shine. 8 Job： Work in pairs, Choose a job and complete the table. Then have a discussion about the joys and challenges of doing the job. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. Primary School Teacher Joys of doing the job: It's fun to work with children and watch them grow. You feel a great sense of achievement when students learn something new. It's a meaningful job that helps shape children's future. Production 8 Challenges of doing the job: The work can be tiring and requires a lot of patience. Some people think it's "not always considered a good job" because the salary isn't very high. Production Let's talk about being a primary school teacher. Just like the “spiderman” in the story, I think this job is filled with both challenges and joys. Example Discussion A B Yes! The challenge is that the work is very hard. Sometimes, it is not always considered a good job because the pay isn't very high. But for teachers, there are more joys! When students make progress, I have found a sense of achievement in my job. A B That's right. By helping children learn, this important job will make them shine! Production 参加的是什么？ 怎么参加的？ join 一个组织、团体、人群 (如：club, team, company, us) 加入并成为其中一员，关系相对长期。 join in 一个正在进行的活动 （如：game游戏, talk谈话） 临时性加入一个已开始的活动。 take part in 一项活动、事件 （如：contest比赛, activity活动） 强调以积极角色“参与其中”，有所贡献。 attend 会议、课程、典礼 （如：meeting会议, class课） 强调“出席”这个动作本身，是正式或中性的在场。 记住这个口诀： 入伙用 join，加玩用 join in，出力用 take part in，到场用 attend。 Language points 一、用join, join in, take part in, attend填空。 1. I plan to __________ the photography club next semester. 2.Although he was invited, he didn't __________ the discussion. 3.Every country should __________ the fight against climate change. 4.How many people __________ the lecture yesterday? 5. She will ______________the debate. 6. Come and ________in the dance! join take part in join in/take part in attended take part in join Exercises 1. The school sports meeting ________ twice a year. A. holds B. is held C. will be held 2. I’m sure your lost watch ________ soon. A. finds B. is found C. will be found 3. In China, the Spring Festival ________ in January or February. A. celebrates B. is celebrated C. will be celebrated 4. A new shopping mall ________ near our neighborhood next year. A. builds B. is built C. will be built 5. Fresh bread ________ at that bakery every morning. A. sells B. is sold C. will be sold 二、单选题。 Exercises Grammar 被动语态的“结构”、与“主系表”的辨析要点以及其主要使用语境 动词过去分词的规则变化与不规则变化 被动语态应用及相关练习 Summary 33 Must do: 1.记忆本节课的单词和短语，重点句型; 2.完成课后的相关练习。 Choose to do: 1.用被动语态造5个句子； 2.从本周的英语阅读材料（或歌曲、影视台词）中找出2-3个被动语态的句子，并尝试分析其用法。 Homework Homework Thank you 感 谢 观 看 $